Symmetrical Fault Calculations

Example 1

34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA

10/12.5 MVA
6%

13.8 kV

Calculate the fault current at F

Example 1

Step 1: Calculate Base Values

34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA
MVA base = 100
kVbase = 34.5
2
kVbase
Zbase =
MVA base
10/12.5 MVA
6% 34.5 2
= = 11.9ohms
100
MVA base 100 MVA
13.8 kV
Ibase = =
kVbase 34.5kV
= 2898 .55 A
F

Calculate the fault current at F

Example 1

Step 2: Calculate p.u impedances

34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA MVA base
Z Tpu = Zt x
MVA oldbase
100
= 0.06 x = 0.48
12.5
10/12.5 MVA
6%

13.8 kV

Calculate the fault current at F

Example 1

Step 2: Calculate p.u impedances

34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA MVA base
Z Tpu = Zt x
MVA oldbase
100
= 0.06 x = 0.48
12.5
10/12.5 MVA
6%

MVA base kV
Zutility = x oldbase
MVA oldbase kVbase
13.8 kV
100 34.5
= x
F
1200 34.5
= 0.0833
Calculate the fault current at F
Example 1

Step 3: Calculate fault current

34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA Vpu
IFpu =
Z total
1.0
= = 1.775 pu
0.48 + 0.0833
10/12.5 MVA
6%

13.8 kV

Calculate the fault current at F

Example 1

Step 3: Calculate fault current

34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA Vpu
IFpu =
Z total
1.0
= = 1.775 pu
0.48 + 0.0833
10/12.5 MVA
6%
Ibase
IFHV = IFpu x
3
2898 .55
13.8 kV = 1.775 x = 2970 A
3
F IFHV
IFLV = x 34.5
13.8
Calculate the fault current at F
= 7426 A
Example 2 Addition of a Generator

34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA

10/12.5 MVA
6%
5MVA
Xd=0.12

13.8 kV

Calculate the fault current at F

 Example 2 Addition of a Generator

Step 1: Calculate impedances MVA base kV

Zutility = x oldbase
34.5kV
MVA oldbase kVbase
SCC = 1200 MVA 100 34.5
= x
1200 34.5
= 0.0833
10/12.5 MVA
6%
5MVA
Xd=0.12

13.8 kV

Calculate the fault current at F

 Example 2 Addition of a Generator

Step 1: Calculate impedances MVA base kV

Zutility = x oldbase
34.5kV
MVA oldbase kVbase
SCC = 1200 MVA 100 34.5
= x
1200 34.5
= 0.0833
10/12.5 MVA
6%
5MVA MVA base
Xd=0.12
Z Tpu = Zt x
MVA oldbase
100
= 0.06 x = 0.48
12.5
13.8 kV

Calculate the fault current at F

 Example 2 Addition of a Generator

Step 1: Calculate impedances MVA base kV

Zutility = x oldbase
34.5kV
MVA oldbase kVbase
SCC = 1200 MVA 100 34.5
= x
1200 34.5
= 0.0833
10/12.5 MVA
6%
5MVA MVA base
Xd=0.12
Z Tpu = Zt x
MVA oldbase
100
= 0.06 x = 0.48
12.5
13.8 kV
MVA base
Z Gpu = ZG x
F
MVA oldbase
100
Calculate the fault current at F = 0.12 x = 2.4
5
Example 2 Addition of a Generator

Step 2: Calculate equivalent impedances

34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA
1.0V

10/12.5 MVA 0.0833

6%
5MVA Zutility
Xd=0.12 ZGpu
2.4

ZTpu 0.48
13.8 kV

Calculate the fault current at F

 Example 2 Addition of a Generator

Step 2: Calculate equivalent impedances

0.5633 * 2.4
ZEq = = 0.456
1.0V 0.5633 + 2.4

0.0833
Zutility
2.4

ZGpu 0.456
ZTpu 0.48
 Example 2 Addition of a Generator

Step 3: Calculate fault current

0.5633 * 2.4
ZEq = = 0.456
1.0V 0.5633 + 2.4

0.0833 Vpu 1.0

IFpu = = = 2.192 pu
Zutility ZEq 0.456
2.4

ZGpu 0.456
ZTpu 0.48
 Example 2 Addition of a Generator

Step 3: Calculate fault current

0.5633 * 2.4
ZEq = = 0.456
1.0V 0.5633 + 2.4

0.0833 Vpu 1.0

IFpu = = = 2.192 pu
Zutility ZEq 0.456
2.4

ZGpu 0.456 Ibase

ZTpu 0.48 IFHV = IFpu x
3
2898 .55
= 2.192 x = 3668 A
3
I
IFLV = FHV x34.5
13.8
= 9170 A
Example 1 & 2 Comparison

34.5kV 34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA SCC = 1200 MVA

10/12.5 MVA
6%
5MVA
10/12.5 MVA Xd=0.12
6%

13.8 kV 13.8 kV

F F

IF =7426 Amps IF =9170 Amps

Example 3 Presence of transformer & motor

34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA

10/12.5 MVA 5MVA

6% Xd=0.12

13.8 kV

F 3 MVA
5%

2.4 kV

M 2500 HP
Xd=0.17

Calculate the fault current at F

Example 3 Presence of transformer & motor

Step 1: Calculate impedances MVA base kV

Zutility = x oldbase
34.5kV MVA oldbase kVbase
SCC = 1200 MVA 100 34.5
= x
10/12.5 MVA 1200 34.5
5MVA
6% Xd=0.12 = 0.0833

13.8 kV

F 3 MVA
5%

2.4 kV

M 2500 HP
Xd=0.17

Calculate the fault current at F

Example 3 Presence of transformer & motor

Step 1: Calculate impedances MVA base kV

Zutility = x oldbase
34.5kV MVA oldbase kVbase
SCC = 1200 MVA 100 34.5
= x
10/12.5 MVA 1200 34.5
5MVA
6% Xd=0.12 = 0.0833
MVA base
13.8 kV Z Tpu1 = Zt x
MVA oldbase
100
F 3 MVA = 0.06 x = 0.48
5% 12.5
2.4 kV

M 2500 HP
Xd=0.17

Calculate the fault current at F

Example 3 Presence of transformer & motor

Step 1: Calculate impedances MVA base kV

Zutility = x oldbase
34.5kV MVA oldbase kVbase
SCC = 1200 MVA 100 34.5
= x
10/12.5 MVA 1200 34.5
5MVA
6% Xd=0.12 = 0.0833
MVA base
13.8 kV Z Tpu1 = Zt x
MVA oldbase
100
F 3 MVA = 0.06 x = 0.48
5% 12.5
2.4 kV
MVA base
Z Gpu = ZG x
M 2500 HP MVA oldbase
Xd=0.17
100
= 0.12 x = 2.4
5
Calculate the fault current at F
Example 3 Presence of transformer & motor

Step 1: Calculate impedances Zutility = 0.0833 pu

34.5kV Z Tpu1 = 0.48 pu
SCC = 1200 MVA ZGpu = 2.4 pu
10/12.5 MVA 5MVA
6% Xd=0.12
MVA base
Z Tpu2 = Zt x
MVA oldbase
13.8 kV
100
= 0.05 x = 1.667
3 MVA
3
F
5%

2.4 kV

M 2500 HP
Xd=0.17

Calculate the fault current at F

Example 3 Presence of transformer & motor

Step 1: Calculate impedances Zutility = 0.0833 pu

34.5kV Z Tpu1 = 0.48 pu
SCC = 1200 MVA ZGpu = 2.4 pu
10/12.5 MVA 5MVA Z Tpu2 = 1.667 pu
6% Xd=0.12

2500 * 0.746
13.8 kV
Motor rating =
pf
1865
= = 2154
F 3 MVA 0.866
5%
MVA base
2.4 kV
Z Mpu = Zm x
MVA oldbase
100
M 2500 HP = 0.17 x = 7.89
Xd=0.17 2.154

Calculate the fault current at F

Example 3 Presence of transformer & motor

Step 1: Calculate impedances

34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA

10/12.5 MVA 5MVA Zutility = 0.0833 pu

6% Xd=0.12
Z Tpu1 = 0.48 pu
13.8 kV Z Gpu = 2.4 pu
Z Tpu2 = 1.667 pu
F 3 MVA
5% Z Mpu = 7.89 pu
2.4 kV

M 2500 HP
Xd=0.17

Calculate the fault current at F

Example 3 Presence of transformer & motor

Step 2: Calculate Equivalent impedances

34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA
1.0V
10/12.5 MVA 5MVA
6% Xd=0.12
0.0833 1.667
Zutility
13.8 kV
ZMpu
2.4
ZGpu
F 3 MVA
5% ZTpu1 0.48
7.89 ZTpu2
2.4 kV

M 2500 HP
Xd=0.17

Calculate the fault current at F

Example 3 Presence of transformer & motor

Step 2: Calculate Equivalent impedances

1.0V 1.0V

0.0833 1.667
Zutility
ZMpu 0.4354
2.4
ZGpu
ZTpu1 0.48
7.89 ZTpu2
Example 3 Presence of transformer & motor

Step 3: Calculate fault current

Vpu 1.0
IFpu = = = 2.297 pu
1.0V ZEq 0.4354

Ibase
IFHV = IFpu x
3
0.4354
2898.55
= 2.297 x = 3844 A
3
I
IFLV = FHV x 34.5
13.8
= 9609 A
Symmetrical Fault
34.5kV
34.5kV 34.5kV
SCC = 1200 MVA
SCC = 1200 MVA SCC = 1200 MVA
10/12.5 MVA 5MVA
6% Xd=0.12
10/12.5 MVA 10/12.5 MVA
6% 6%
5MVA 13.8 kV
Xd=0.12

F 3 MVA
5%

13.8 kV 2.4 kV
13.8 kV

M 2500 HP
F F Xd=0.17

IF =7426 Amps IF =9170 Amps IF =9609 Amps