Motion

Motion is a change in position of an object or else a process of moving or being moved. When the body
changes its position with respect to its surrounding, the body is said to be in motion. When the body
does not change its position with respect to the surroundings, the body is said to be at rest. When an
object at rest starts to move, it is said that there is an unbalanced force acting on the object that makes
the object move. Unbalance force causes accelerations. This force may be applied or gravitational force.
An applied force is a force that is applied to an object by a person or another object. Gravitational force
is the force with which the earth, moon, or other massively large object attracts another object towards
itself. By definition, this is the weight of the object. All objects upon earth experience a force of gravity
that is directed "downward" towards the center of the earth. The force of gravity on earth is always
equal to the weight of the object.

Isaac Newton, a 17th century scientist, put forth a variety of laws that explain why objects move (or
don't move) as they do. These three laws have become known as Newton's three laws of motion.
Newton's first law of motion is often stated as An object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion
stays in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced
force. First law of motion is related to term Inertia. It is the property of body by the virtue of which
the body resists the external force.

Newton's second law of motion can be formally stated as follows: The acceleration of an object as
produced by a net force is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force, in the same direction
as the net force, and inversely proportional to the mass of the object. Newton's second law of motion
pertains to the behavior of objects for which all existing forces are not balanced. The second law states
that the acceleration of an object is dependent upon two variables - the net force acting upon the object
and the mass of the object.

Newton's third law is: For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. The statement means
that in every interaction, there is a pair of forces acting on the two interacting objects. The size of the
forces on the first object equals the size of the force on the second object. The direction of the force on
the first object is opposite to the direction of the force on the second object. Forces always come in
pairs - equal and opposite action-reaction force pairs.