( + + + ) = + 2 (1)

( + + + ) = + 2 (2)

( + + + ) = + 2 (3)

= + (4)

( + )
( + ) = + (5)

( + + ) =
+ + 2 ( + + ) (6)

( + + ) =
+ + 2 ( + + ) (7)

( + + +
) = + 2
( + + ) (8)

[ ] = [ ] (9)