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The temperature and frequency dependent damping behavior of Ni added MnCu alloys were investigated. Ni addition not only increased
the magnitude of the phase-transformation damping peak, but also decreased its frequency dependence. A decreased transformation temperature
was found in the Ni added MnCu alloys under the same treating condition, which suggested a retarding eect of Ni on the decomposition of Mn
phase during the slow-cooling process. The characteristic twin-boundary damping peak of MnCu alloys was enlarged and broadened with the
addition of Ni. According to the relaxation damping models the twin-boundaries in Ni added alloys had the larger activation energy, and also
exhibited a broader distribution of relaxation time during the stress induced movement. In Ni added MnCu alloys, the FCT Mn phase showed a
larger axis ratio, c=a and the Cu-rich Mn phase coexisting with the FCT phase showed the similar lattice constants at ambient temperature.
These microstructural features in Ni added MnCu alloys might contribute to the improved damping behavior of the twin-boundary damping
peak.
Table 1 The chemical compositions of the three MnCu alloys (mass%). the lowest among the three experimental alloys.
Alloy Mn Cu Ni Fe Two characteristics can be found in the temperature-
Mn30 67.2 32.8
dependent variation of damping capacity in the three alloys.
Mn4Ni 72.4 21.5 4.14 1.92
One is the phase-transformation damping peak, occurred at a
Mn6Ni 71.6 20.2 6.19 1.99
temperature about 20 K lower than the respective phase
transformation temperature. A larger magnitude of damping
peak is observed in the Ni added alloys, as compared to that
2. Experimental Procedure in Mn30 alloys. Another characteristic is shown in the twin-
boundary damping peak, which appears in the vicinity of
Three MnCu alloys, nominated as Mn30, Mn4Ni and 220 K. Obviously, Ni addition in MnCu alloy has not only
Mn6Ni, respectively, were prepared by induction-melting the increased the magnitude of the twin-boundary damping peak,
industrially pure metals in an argon atmosphere. The but also shifted the peak to a higher temperature. Figure 2
respective chemical compositions are shown in Table 1. shows the temperature and damping capacity of the two
Cylindrical ingots of 7 kg were deformation processed by characteristic damping peaks after deconvoluting the two
forging and rolling at 1173 K, and nally 1 10 60 mm3 damping peaks from the corresponding background damping
beam samples were obtained. The alloys were solid solution components. The damping capacity at the temperature 20 K
treated at 1173 K for 3:6 103 s, and then water-quenched or above the respective transformation temperature is deter-
continuously cooled to room temperature in 3:6 104 s in the mined as the background damping of the phase-transforma-
argon-replaced quartz-capsules. tion damping peak and that at 180 K is assigned as the
The damping behavior of the alloys was evaluated on a background of twin-boundary damping peak, respectively. It
dynamical mechanical analyzer (DMA) in the 3-point is noted that the respectively independent two damping peaks
bending vibrating mode at a certain surface strain-amplitude in the binary MnCu alloys become approaching in the
of 2:5 105 . The concretes of the DMA method can be temperature range of 250350 K, while the magnitude of both
found in a previous work.9) The heating or cooling rate was peaks is increased attributing to the addition of Ni. As a
controlled at 0.05 K/s, and vibrating frequency applied were result, Ni addition in MnCu binary alloys produces the
0.1, 1 and 10 Hz, respectively. Finally, Youngs modulus and increased damping capacity and the improved damping
the damping capacity (tan ) were obtained as a function of behavior stable to the variation of temperature in the vicinity
temperature. The RINT 2500 X-ray diractometer operated of ambient temperature.
at 40 kV and 250 mA was used for phase structure analysis. Figures 3a) and b) show the temperature-dependent
variation of damping capacity under dierent vibration
3. Results and Discussion frequencies in Mn30 and Mn6Ni alloys, respectively. The
Fig. 1 The variations of Youngs modulus, a) and damping capacity, b) of the three experimental MnCu alloys during heating in the rate
of 0.05 K/s.
The Damping Behavior of Ni Added MnCu Damping Alloys 1673
Fig. 3 The temperature dependent damping behavior of the Mn30 alloy, a) and Mn6Ni alloy, b), measured at dierent vibration
frequencies, 0.1, 1, 10 Hz, respectively.
larger elastic softening consequently induces the larger little interface strains may be easily moved under the
damping capacity at the transformation damping peaks. application of external oscillating stresses. The other feature
Figure 6 shows the calculated activation energy results is the interface coherence between the transformed Mn-rich
using the peak shift method. In contrast to the MnCu binary regions and the retained FCC structured Cu-rich regions. The
alloys, a higher activation energy is found in the Ni added elastically distorted interfaces between the two regions work
alloys, as high as 5:5 104 J/mol. According to the Debye to hinder the movement of the twin boundaries.14) XRD
equation the width of the damping peak becomes smaller proles of 200 and 002 shows the specic lattice constant for
with the increased activation energy.7) However, the broader the Cu-rich region in the Mn30 alloy, while that in Ni added
twin-boundary damping peak is observed in the Ni added alloys is nearly the same as that of the a axis of FCT Mn-rich
alloys. It is therefore reasonable to suppose a statistical region. The higher twin-boundary damping can be partly
distribution of relaxation time, instead of the single relaxa- attributed to those coherent interfaces between the two phase
tion time characterized by a unique activation enthalpy Hact decomposed regions.
and a limit relaxation time 0 .12) As a result the average
0
activation energy Hact can be obtained with the proles of the 4. Conclusions
damping peak according to the following equation:
0 The damping behavior of MnCu alloys is characteristic of
H
tan tan max cosh1 act 1=T 1=TP 2 the phase transformation damping peak occurred at about
k
20 K below the FCC-FCT transformation temperature TN of
0
Hact are then derived from the twin-boundary damping peak Mn phase, and the twin-boundary damping peak in the
shown in Fig. 1b) and also plotted in Fig. 6. Supposing is vicinity of 220 K at the frequency of 1 Hz.
the measure of the width of the Gaussian distribution of Ni addition in MnCu alloys, for the investigated contents
relaxation time, the damping peak width can be dened as of <6 at%, obviously increases the damping capacity of both
r2 T 1 =T 1 0 Hact =Hact
0
, and 0 corre- damping peaks, while the transformation temperature of the
sponds to the linear standard solid. As shown in Fig. 6 that Ni added alloy is decreased by the retarded phase decom-
the twin-boundary damping peak in MnCu alloys are position of Mn phase. The enhanced phase-transformation
considerably broadened by the addition of Ni. The phenom- damping peak in Ni added alloys is related to the larger
enological damping behavior indicates that the twin bounda- anomaly of Youngs modulus at the transformation temper-
ries in the Ni added MnCu alloys have more energetically ature. The smaller unit cell volume of the Ni added Mn phase
stable positions to locate and meanwhile stress-assisted contributes to the larger anomaly, and hence the larger
movement of the boundaries can overcome the larger energy damping capacity. Meanwhile, the frequency dependence of
barriers. the phase-transformation damping peak becomes decreased
Two microstructural features are responsible for the with the addition of Ni.
preferred behaviors of the twin-boundary damping. One is A higher activation energy has been derived for the twin-
the higher axis ratio, i.e. c=a of the FCT Mn phase in Ni boundary damping peak in Ni added MnCu alloys, when
added MnCu alloys. According to the equation for the considering the damping as a single-time relaxation process.
temperature-dependent variation of c=a,11) the c=a results On the other hand, the broadened twin-boundary damping
obtained in ambient temperature can be extrapolated to the peak in Ni added alloys indicates a broader distribution of
temperature of T=TN 0:5. It is found that c=a of the FCT relaxation time.
Mn phase at T=TN 0:5 in Ni added alloys is about 0.975,
while that in Mn20Cu and Mn30Cu alloys is about 0.955. REFERENCES
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The width of the damping peaks is derived by r2 Hact =Hact .