Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Abstract
This article considers some questions concerned with oil production efficiency (by the example one of the West
Siberia oil and gas field) and demonstrated waterflooding optimization in combination with forced production
at saving of structure and increasing of bed stimulation (including side-tracking) is an effective tool of
IOR of tangled-build fields and promotes to rise oil recovery factor 6-10 abs. % higher.
Introduction
High linear dimensions and tangled geological structure characterized most oil and gas fields of
OJSC Surgutneftegas. For example, linear dimensions of Lyantorskoye field are 2772 km. Its
oil deposits are belonging to alluvial sediments AS9-11 gotheriv-barems age of West Siberian oil
and gas province. That has contact with bottom water for all fields area and about 80% of fields
area are under gas cap. Its reservoir thickness is near 100 m, thickness of effective oil-bearing
formation does not exceed 10 m.
It is obvious gas and water breakthrough, behind-the-casing flow and others difficulties make the
field use too complicate. Therefore, the relatively low oil displacement efficiency (from 0.22 to
0.24) is planed for these fields. However, the experience of these fields use shows their potential
is greatly higher in spite of the complicative factors.
Experimental, theoretical and field investigations demonstrate necessity with achievement
maximal oil displacing velocity from oil-bearing part of reservoir to reach highest possible oil
displacement efficiency. All variety of the factors determining the oil recovery efficiency can be
combined into two types: reserves depletion rate and an elongation of terms without break-
through of injected water, formation water and gas. The importance of every factor influence on
the oil recovery efficiency is determining by the structure of the oil pools, the state of their de-
velopment, the oil and reservoir properties. Such conclusion is based on detailed research of wa-
ter-oil displacement and nature of most factors influencing on the process.
13th European Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery Budapest, Hungary, 25 - 27 April 2005
2
to phase for oil, shows the oil displacement is possible under rising of average pressure gradient
over certain value.
p 2 d
> (1)
x 0 1 2 k
[S
]
where: 1 = 0.81 ln (1 S oi ) k ; 2 = oi ; 0 = 8.64 10 10 ;
4
m
2
k absolute permeability, m ;
Soi, m initial oil saturation and porosity correspondingly;
, coefficients depending from reservoir peculiarities;
d displacing agent viscosity, Pa*s;
p pressure differential, MPa, x - typical size, m.
1.0
For example, for reservoir has following
properties: permeability is 5 mD, initial oil
Relative permeability to phase for oil
13th European Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery Budapest, Hungary, 25 - 27 April 2005
4
- gas >60%
- gas from 30% to 60%
- water saturated collector
Legend: - non collector
4207 well numbers - oil from 30% to 60%
- oil >60%
perforation intervals
Fig. 3. Geological cross-section (oil and gas saturation distribution) of 4419-1128 wells.
The hydrodynamic model is based on generally accepted heat-mass exchange equations in com-
bination with Darcys low, equations of phase state, phase equilibrium equation, boundary condi-
tions and so on. Main distinction is capillary forces are conservative (resistance forces) and not
motive force of phase redistribution. The hydrodynamic model uses layers microstructure (that is
permeability dispersion even 0.4 m layer). The reservoir permeability to phase is function of
filtration reservoir properties, physicochemical reservoir properties, saturated liquids properties
and pressure gradient. The reservoir permeability is a tensor value. It allows taking into account
the existence of clay micro-layers on micro and macro level. Those micro-layers let leak hydro-
carbon fluids in one direction and do not in another. The residual oil saturation is function of
filtration reservoir properties, physicochemical reservoir properties and pressure gradient also.
The model can take into account irreversible collectors deformation, filtering of water in non-
reservoirs and clays, physical-chemical phase transformation, their components and mass ex-
change of chemical components between phases including porous media surface [3].
All parameters using for calculating of residual oil and gas saturations, phase permeability and
reservoir compressibility are finding by core analysis. These parameters do not need any adjust-
ment during the model adaptation. Using most detailed physics of oil displacement and non tra-
ditional history matching methods allows to change count rate, calculated and field data match-
ing and prediction precision for long-time. Fig. 4 shows comparison of the real year production
with the calculated production at current adaptation stage.
controlled by results of
2.0 reproduction of sidetrack
1.8 wells production history.
1.6 For calculation, we used
% of total reserves
100
linear regression is 0.98 20
60 12
40 8
20 4
0 0
0 4 8 12 16 20
0 20 40 60 80 100
Fa ctua l oil produc tion, th. tonnes
Faclual production watering, %
Fig. 5. Comparison of factual and calculated pro- Fig. 6. Comparison of factual and calculated cumulative
duction watering of sidetracking wells at 1 Oct. oil production of sidetracking wells at 1 Oct. 2003.
2003.
1.0
development variant or
0.0 another against
strongly influence of
-1.0 IOR methods. The
goal of these investiga-
-2.0
97% 98% 99% 97% 98% 99% 97% 98% 99% 97% 98% 99% tions is search of opti-
-3.0 Variant 1 Variant 2 Variant 3 Variant 4
mum variant to reduce
production fluid vol-
-4.0 Decrease of oil losses ume with saving of
Increase of oil production annual oil production
volume. The four de-
Fig. 7. Variants comparison of cumulative oil production and their possible velopment variants
loss. were calculated alto-
gether. Every variant
has three sub-variants and was compared with originally development variant. The sub-variants
differ in following: the wells having watering above 97%, 98% and 99% - three variants corre-
spondingly were putted in operation and shut down periodically.
At the first variant the wells were shut down with reach certain watering limit but the injection
was invariable. At the second variant, following the shutting down the injection was decreased
proportionally, but all of injection wells were in operation. Afterwards it turned out to be the
very important as acting injected wells going on to sweep oil to the rest of production wells, and
steady parity of production and injection secured decrease of oil pushing out to water and gas-
saturated reservoir parts. At the third variant the wells was shutting down periodically, but injec-
tion was invariable. At the fourth variant besides the periodically wells were shutting down the
injection was decreased or increased periodically. Fig. 7 shows variants comparison of cumula-
tive oil production and their possible loss. The presented data shows that injection increase lead
to rise of oil production but at the same time to increase of oil loss. At the variants, which the
wells was shut down on the all following development period, naturally the oil production rise is
observed together limit watering increase. The limit watering is the watering at the achievement
of this the production wells shut down. The periodically wells shutting down is not sensitive to
this limit and errors of watering measurement that always are inescapable.
The results analysis has shown the second variant is the best of all effects (oil production secure,
decrease water production and increase of leakages) with shut down level of 99% as early shut-
ting down lead to oil losses.
Later we calculated the tree variants of development until 2035 at the secure of the structure and
rising of bed stimulation amount (including side-tracking). The variants differ in increment rate of
average well output and its level which will be achieved in 2035. At all of the variants the produc-
tion wells shutting down at 99% watering. The injection decreased in proportion to liquid output
changes, but all of injected wells was in operation. In 2035, at the first variant the average liquid
output of operating wells will be 124 ton/day, at the second - 149 ton/day, the third 164 ton/day.
Figure 8 shows the dynamic of oil production for development variants.
The reserve depletion analysis on geological-technical model allowed finding the most important
and general for hole of the reservoir following regularities:
7
Conclusions.
Thus, the development experience, theoretical and experimental researches show the West Sibe-
ria fields (including tangled-build fields) must be developing under highest possible pressure
drawdown and injected water regulation. At that for tangled-build fields the waterflooding opti-
mization with forced production at the secure of the structure and rising of bed stimulation amount
13th European Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery Budapest, Hungary, 25 - 27 April 2005
8
96 40
Average watering (well data), %
Occurrence probability, %
92 30
88 20
84 10
80 0
0 20 40 60 80 0 20 40 60
Reserve depletion, % Reserve depletion, %
Fig. 10. Average watering of wells production de- Fig. 11. Distribution of current reserve depletion
pending on reserve depletion. from originally oil saturated reserves.
References.
[1]. N.A. Cheremisin, V.P. Sonich, Yu.E. Baturin, N.Ya. Medvedev. Optimization of
waterflood oil pools development by the methods of improved oil recovery. 12th European
Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery Kazan, Russia, 8 - 10 September 2003
[2]. N.A. Cheremisin, V.P. Sonich, Yu.E. Baturin, N.Ya. Medvedev: Basic physics of
increasing the efficiency of developing granulated reservoirs, Oil Industry, (aug. 2002), p. 38-
42.
[3]. N.A. Cheremisin, P.A. Efimov, A.A. Klimov. Prediction of polymer flooding opti-
mal parameters. 12th European Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery Kazan, Russia, 8 - 10
September 2003
[4]. S.V. Arkhipov, N.A. Cheremisin, A.A. Klimov. Influence of the nature of sangopai
suite clays distribution on field development. Oil Industry, (jun. 2003), p. 56-60.