Distribution Factor AASHTO(LRFD)

Vehicle pper ggirder for

concrete deck on steel or concrete on steel or concrete beams
concrete t-beams
t- and double t-sections transversely posttensioned together

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Distribution Factor AASHTO(LRFD)
S = girder spacing (mm)
L = span length (mm)
ts = slab thickness (mm)
Kg = longitudinal stiffness parameter (mm4)
Kg = n(Ig + Ae2g), where
n = modular ratio (Egirder/Edeck)
Ig = moment of inertia of the girder (mm4)
eg = girder eccentricity, which is the distance from the girder centroid to the
middle centroid of the slab (mm)
A = girder area (mm2)
de = distance from the center of the exterior beam and the inside edge of the curb or
barrier (mm)
= angle between the centerline of the support and a line normal to the roadway
centerline

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Distribution Factor AASHTO(LRFD)
The general conditions for the approximate distribution factors must be
satisfied as followings:
The width of deck is constant (constant cross section)
Number of beams is equal or greater than four.
Beams are parallel and have approximately the same stiffness.
Plane curvature is small.
Cross section is consistent with the sections shown A4.6.2.2.1-1.
A4 6 2 2 1 1
The width of concrete parapet was often neglected.
The multiple presence factors are included in the distribution factors.
y is required,
(If the refined analysis q , mpf
p should be applied.)
pp
The distribution factors could also be applied for continuous bridges.
The continuity does not significantly affect the DF.(Zokaie
DF (Zokaie et.al.
et al (1991)
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Live Load Distribution Calculations
Determine the type of cross section,
Table S4.6.2.2.1
S4 6 2 2 1-11
Determine the Kg factor (S4.6.2.2.1)
Determine the skew correction factor
for moment (S4.6.2.2.2e) and for
shear (S4.6.2.2.3c)
Determine DFM for the interior girder
under single lane and multi
multi-lane
lane
loading (S4.6.2.2.2b)
Determine DFV for the interior girder
under single lane and multi-lane
multi lane
loading (S4.6.2.2.3a)
Apply the skew correction factor
Determine the controllingg (larger)
g
distribution factors for moment and
shear for the interior girder
RRepeatt the
th calculations
l l ti ffor
the exterior girder using
S4 6 2 2 2d for moment
S4.6.2.2.2d
and S4.6.2.2.3b for shear
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Example : Distribution Factor AASHTO(LRFD)

Girder spacing ; S = 2000 mm

Span length ; L = 25 000 mm
Slab thickness ; ts = 200 mm
Deck Modulus of Elasticity ; Edeck = 30 GPa
Beam Modulus of Elasticity ; Ebeam = 40 GPa

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Example : Distribution Factor AASHTO(LRFD)
1. Calculate n, the modular ratio between beam and deck
n = Ebeam / Edeck = 40/30 = 1.33
1 33
2. Calculate eg, the distance between beam centroid and slab centroid
eg = 1500/2 + 200/2 = 850 mm
3. Calculate Kg, the longitudinal stiffness parameter
A = 520 000 mm2 , Ig = 139 500 x106 mm4
Kg = n(I( g + Ae2g) = 1.33[139
[ 500 x106 + (520 ( )2] = 685.2x109 mm4
( 000)) (850)
4. (Kg)/(Lt3s) = 3.426

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 Example : Distribution Factor AASHTO(LRFD)
Moment distribution factor for interior beam;
5. Calculate DMI =

One design lane load; DMI = 0.06+(2000/4300)0.4(2000/25000)0.3(3.426)0.1 = 0.450

>=2 design lane load; DMI = 0.075+(2000/2900)00.66(2000/25000)00.22(3.426)00.11 = 0.621
; governs

Keep in mind:
The DF calculated above includes the multiple
presence factors.
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 Example : Distribution Factor AASHTO(LRFD)
Shear distribution factor for interior beam;
6. Calculate DVI =

1 design lane >=2 design lane

One design lane load; DVI = 0.36+(2000/7600) = 0.623

>=2 design lane load; DVI = 0.2+(2000/3600) - (2000/10 700)22.00 = 0.721 ; governs

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Moment and Shear DF for Interior Girder at Various Girder Spacing
DMI DVI
S S
One lane loaded >=2 lane loaded Used One lane loaded >=2 lane loaded Used

1100 0.317 0.414 0.414 1100 0.505 0.495 0.505

1500 0.379 0.509 0.509 1500 0.557 0.597 0.597
2000 0.450 0.621 0.621 2000 0.623 0.721 0.721
2500 0.516 0.728 0.728 2500 0.689 0.840 0.840
3000 0.578 0.830 0.830 3000 0.755 0.955 0.955
3500 0 638
0.638 0 929
0.929 0 929
0.929 3500 0 821
0.821 1 065
1.065 1 065
1.065
4000 0.694 1.026 1.026 4000 0.886 1.171 1.171
4500 0.749 1.120 1.120 4500 0.952 1.273 1.273
4900 0.791 1.193 1.193 4900 1.005 1.351 1.351

1.600

1.400

1.200
Factor ; DF

1.000
Distribution F

0.800
DMI
0.600
DVI
0 400
0.400
D

0.200

0.000
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000
Beam Spacing ; S

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 Example : Distribution Factor AASHTO(LRFD)
Moment distribution factor for exterior beam;
7. Calculate DME =

1 design lane
>=2 design lane

One design lane load : Lever Rule

(R)(2000) = (P/2)(2400) + (P/2)(600)
R = 0.75P ; DME = (1.2)(0.75) = 0.90 ; governs
>=2 design lane load ;
de = 1000 mm
e = 0.77 + 1000/2800 = 1.127
DME = (1.127)(0.621) = 0.700
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