2014 02 21 DPR North East Highway 2G Project

DETAILED PROJECT REPORT
FOR
TELECOM INFRASTRUCTURE AUGMENTATION
IN NORTH EASTERN STATES
Prepared by:
TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONSULTANTS INDIA LTD.
(A Govt. of India Enterprise)
TCIL Bhawan, Greater Kailash - I, New Delhi - 110 048.
Telephone: 011 - 26202020 Fax: 011 - 26242266
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Contents
1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................... 4
2. STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT................................................................................................................. 9
3. TELECOM SCENARIO IN NORTH EAST ................................................................................................. 10
3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................10
3.2 The Bandwidth Bottle-Neck ........................................................................................................ 10
3.3 Way Ahead.................................................................................................................................. 11
3.4 USOF Support..............................................................................................................................15
4. TRANSMISSION MEDIA PLAN.............................................................................................................. 16
4.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................16
4.2 Status of Existing USOF Schemes in North East .......................................................................... 16
4.3 Need for State to State & State To District transmission Network ............................................ 17
4.4 Methodology of Incremental Fiber Requirement for Ring Completion: .................................... 17
4.5 Details of existing Optical Fiber infra-structure:......................................................................... 17
4.6 Backhaul Equipment Planning .................................................................................................... 18
4.7 North Eastern Region Connectivity with rest of India ................................................................19
4.8 State to State OFC Connectivity.................................................................................................. 20
Recommendation for State to State connectivity in North East ........................................................25
4.9 State to District Physical Ring Planning.......................................................................................26
Assam ..................................................................................................................................................26
Recommendation for Assam State to District.....................................................................................35
Meghalaya........................................................................................................................................... 36
Tripura.................................................................................................................................................43
Mizoram .............................................................................................................................................. 48
Manipur...............................................................................................................................................58
Nagaland ............................................................................................................................................. 63
Arunachal Pradesh ..............................................................................................................................68
Sikkim ..................................................................................................................................................78
Details of Operator Fiber km. Existing & New ..................................................................................80
Recommendation for North East - State To District Ring Connectivity .............................................. 80
4.10 CAPITAL EXPENDITURE ...............................................................................................................81
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4.11 OPERATING EXPENDITURE.......................................................................................................... 84
5. COVERAGE FOR UNCOVERED NATIONAL HIGHWAYS (NH) OF NORTH EAST STATES OF INDIA ......... 89
5.1 Introduction: ...............................................................................................................................89
5.2 Assumptions:...............................................................................................................................91
5.3 References: ................................................................................................................................. 91
5.4 Methodology:..............................................................................................................................91
Back haul channel ................................................................................................................................... 93
5.5 BTS Cost Details...........................................................................................................................95
5.6 Result analysis:............................................................................................................................97
5.6 Key Observation:.......................................................................................................................104
5.7 Recommendation......................................................................................................................104
6. Annexure........................................................................................................................................... 105
Annexure I: Graphical Representation of Rings on Google Maps.........................................................105
Annexure II: Data of Existing OFC of Various Operators....................................................................... 105
Annexure III: Details of Fiber Km of TCIL & TRAI...................................................................................105
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1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Introduction:
TCIL was approached by USOF Administrator vide Letter D.O No 30-119-1/2013 USOF dated
1st Nov 2013 for preparing a DPR in accordance with TRAI Recommendations dated Sep 2013
for Telecom Infra-structure Augmentation in the North Eastern States including Sikkim and
Assam.
TCIL studied the above mentioned TRAI Recommendations. Based on the study and various
meetings that were held with USOF officers in Nov 2013 the scope of DPR was finalized.
The three verticals addressed in this study report for North East region is as follows:
1. Providing 2G coverage to the villages that are uncovered by any Telecom Service
Provider (TSP).
2. Providing 2G coverage to the uncovered National Highway (NH) network of North East.
3. Providing redundancy and diversity for the optical media from State Headquarter (SHQ)
to District Headquarter (DHQ) and Inter-State capitals connectivity.
This report covers 2G coverage to the uncovered National Highway (NH) network and
transmission media network gap analysis for providing redundancy and diversity for the
optical media from SHQ to SHQ and SHQ to DHQ of North East Region including Sikkim, a
total of 8 States.
The key findings are the quantity and cost required for upgrading the telecom infrastructure in
North Eastern Region. The detailed of the study with quantity is given in the chapters. The
summary of estimated cost along with quantity is given below.
CAPEX ESTIMATION
The capital expenditure required to build infrastructure is done for each vertical. The study as
detailed in further chapters emphasizes on the quantity of OFC km, equipment quantity and
the no. of BTSs required.
A. Transmission Media
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CAPEX for OFC
New OFC (km.) OFC Cost (Rs. Cr.)

Sl. No. of BSNL
State
No. Districts u/g Damage aerial u/g aerial
d Total Cost
(Rs cr.)
12.64 5.60 18.24
27 158 0 70
1 Assam
Meghalay 9.84 0.00 9.84
11 123 0 0
2 a
29.20 30.56 59.76
8 265 100 382
3 Mizoram
6.08 0.00 6.08
8 76 0 0
4 Tripura
13.66 0.00 13.66
9 171 0 0
5 Manipur
12.32 0.00 12.32
11 124 30 0
6 Nagaland
75.60 51.12 126.72
16 945 0 639
7 Arunachal
10.00 0.00 10.00
4 125 0 0
8 Sikkim
169.34 87.28 256.62
94 1987 130 1091
Total
Note: The rate has been estimated based on the BSNL tender rate for Defense where the minimum per
Km rate has been Rs 13 lacs which includes ROW cost and stringent cable specification as per tender
requirements. Considering lower OFC specifications and excluding ROW cost, the SITC cost for OFC has
been considered as Rs. 8 lakh per km. The per km. cost for OFC varies with the soil quality variation in
the sections especially in North East being tough terrain. Cost includes taxes and duties except Octroi
and local taxes.
CAPEX for Equipment
Equipment
Equipment Cost (RS)
Quantity
Sl.
No State
OADM
Total Cost
DXC
. OA OADM DXC
OA
Total Cost (in Rs

(Rs) Crores)
6.85
1 Assam 5 24 3 2,500,000 36,000,000 30,000,000 68,500,000
Meghalay 2.85
2 7 10 1 3,500,000 15,000,000 10,000,000 28,500,000
a
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Equipment
Equipment Cost (RS)
Quantity
Sl.
No State
OADM
Total Cost
DXC
. OA OADM DXC
OA
Total Cost (in Rs
(Rs) Crores)
5.50
3 Mizoram 18 4 4 9,000,000 6,000,000 40,000,000 55,000,000
4.90
4 Tripura 6 7 1 3,000,000 6,000,000 40,000,000 49,000,000
2.55
5 Manipur 7 8 1 3,500,000 12,000,000 10,000,000 25,500,000
5.25
6 Nagaland 4 7 4 2,000,000 10,500,000 40,000,000 52,500,000
Arunacha 9.45
7 39 10 6 19,500,000 15,000,000 60,000,000 94,500,000
l
1.55
8 Sikkim 2 3 1 1,000,000 4,500,000 10,000,000 15,500,000
38.90
Total 88 73 21 44,000,000 109,500,000 210,000,000 363,500,000
B. ESTIMATED CAPEX for 2G Highway
The capital expenditure required to build infrastructure for 2G coverage in the uncovered
national highway of NER is tabulated below. The capital expenditure has been calculated based
on the items required for setting up the BTS site which includes evaluated BTS equipment ( 2
TRX), tower & antenna, power infrastructure to support the BTS covering Solar panels, batteries
(with 3 days autonomy) as well as DG supply and backhaul equipment along with accessories.
The backhaul has been covered through Optical media assuming optical backbone is available
along the national highways.
NER has a total highway length of 8480 km out of which 1272 km (15%) is uncovered for mobile
communication. Based on the desktop study, a total no of 233 BTS has been found suitably to
cover the area at a total cost of Rs 97.37 Crores.
Battery- Solar DG Set-

meter Antenna
Total numbers
Total numbers
BTS Wattage
Rounded off
Single power- Single

km. for 30
No of TRX
BTS Type
of BSC
WATT-
of BTS
S. No.
unit Single Unit Unit Cost Cost of Site

Unit of Site with respect
in Lakh to BTS Type
AH Watt KVA INR in Rs crores
1 A 5 2 1+1 150 144 6 417 1333 0.69 37.80 54.43
2 B 10 3.25 1+1 200 89 4 521 1667 0.87 48.25 42.94
Total Cost Estimate (In Rs. Crore)

97.37
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Note: The CAPEX calculated above does not include survey cost therefore, 10% additional costs on the
estimated CAPEX is to be considered.
The above cost calculation was made taking into consideration the following item heads.
1. BTS with BSC and OMC-R (micro equipment)

2. Power (considering less available Grid power)
Battery (3 days autonomy)
Solar (6 hr sunshine)
Diesel Generator
3. Tower (Mast type)
4. Backhaul (Optical)
5. Miscellaneous Items like Transportation, Site preparation, Installation etc
OPEX
On an average OPEX per year can be taken as 20% of capex cost. Such cost includes AMC,
manpower, drive test and optimization, regular site maintenance, diesel etc.
C. Comparison with TRAI Report:
State
Total KM Uncovered KM No of BTS
TRAI TCIL TRAI TCIL TRAI TCIL
Arunachal 597
2302 1992 1218 122 119
Pradesh
131
Assam 3954 2836 94 10 23
211
Manipur 959 959 173 18 34
40
Meghalaya 810 810 0 0 9
74
Mizoram 927 927 8 1 12
187
Nagaland 494 494 101 10 29
28
Tripura 400 400 37 4 6
4
Sikkim 62 1
1272
Total 9846 8480 1631 165 233
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Based on the above following may be noted:
1. TCIL has estimated 233 BTS against TRAI estimation of 165 BTS. This is attributed to TRAI
report considering10Km per BTS whereas TCIL has estimated the BTS based on an average
6 Km per BTS / 3 Km per BTS based on the topography.
2. TRAI report indicates uncovered NH distance of 1631 km against TCIL desktop estimation
of 1272 km as detailed in subsequent chapters.
3. 1090 Km of National highway data of Arunachal Pradesh was not available on NIC GIS
which was part of TRAI report.
4. Estimation of BTS for 1090 km of NH stretch of Arunachal Pradesh has been extrapolated
considering 3 Km per BTS as assumption.
5. Total number of BTS estimate to cover 1272 Km stretch of National highways has been
estimated to be 233 at a cost of Rs. 97.37 cr.
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2. STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT
The broad structure of report is as follows:
Chapter 1 provides executive summary of the study carried out. It briefly explains the key
results arrived after doing analysis.
Chapter 2 defines the structure of the report.
Chapter 3 details the generic Telecom status of NE region and various technologies evolving to
address telecom needs.
Chapter 4 details the Transmission Media requirement between State to State rings and State
to Districts ring connecting all eight North Eastern states of India including Assam, Arunachal
Pradesh, Nagaland, Mizoram, Manipur, Meghalaya, Tripura, Sikkim. While analyzing
incremental CAPEX it was assumed that the network Between District Headquarters and Blocks
of each state is already subsidized by USOF and the network below Blocks upto Gram Panchayat
are subsidized under NOFN project. The study has been done to ensure connectivity, Capacity
and reliability of Transmission media in above mentioned eight North Eastern States.
Chapter 5 reports on the requirement for the 2G uncovered areas of National Highways of
North East, India. Sikkim state was also included in the study report. Total length of NH studied
was 8480 Km out of which 1272 Km i.e. 15% was found uncovered by any service provider.
GSM 900MHz was taken as reference for study.
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3. TELECOM SCENARIO IN NORTH EAST
3.1 Introduction
The country has seen a phenomenal growth in the availability of economical telecom
services. People from all sections of the population are now using mobile telephone and
accessing the internet for viewing/retrieval of information and e-mail.
However, in respect of growing tele-density, the urban-rural divide continues. The

Government of India is determined to bridge the gap between urban and rural areas in
respect of telecom services, because access to voice and data services will play a crucial
role in the overall development and growth of the rural areas.
3.2 The Bandwidth Bottle-Neck

The transport system in North Eastern States is inadequate on many counts to carry the
present/future levels of rural traffic. The shortcomings include insufficient multiplex
capacity, some areas not having OFC connectivity, use of radio media having inherent
bandwidth/spectrum constraints, and, self-healing path protection is not available.
The existing networks are undergoing upgradation/expansion by the various operators

but this is in response to the growing commercial requirements, however, such
expansion would not be undertaken with the objective of increasing infrastructure in
anticipation of data traffic requirements that would arise in future years in remote and
rural areas also because the software applications are also to be developed and setup
for the traffic to arise.
The solution to inadequate capacity mentioned above, is to deploy appropriate

transport technology in intra-district transport network that will provide cost-effective
high capacity. This network will also meet the futuristic requirement in terms of
technology and the demand for various applications/services.
Other Challenges in rolling out Telecom Network in North East

Terrain Difficulties
ROW permissions
Inadequate Power availability
Infrastructure Issues
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3.3 Way Ahead
a. 4G - LTE
The way ahead is the new LTE based 4G based technologies which are already deployed
in many countries. Instead of 2G & 3G based towers and equipments, the new
infrastructure should be based on 4G where the tower deployment is easier and
cheaper. It is all the more required in remote places like NER where space, power and
funds are constraints as 4G offers solutions addressing all these issues. The 4G BTS are
very small in size and require very less power for operation, approx. 20W. Moreover,
they can be installed on poles rather than towers. The 4G network is also roll back
network i.e., it supports 3G, Edge, GPRS as well as 2G. The 4G network is based on LTE-
Advanced - 3GPP Long Term Evolution. LTE is a series of upgrades to existing UMTS
technology and will be rolled out on existing frequency band.
Therefore in remote areas where CAPEX is an issue along with power availability, the
operators should look at 4G option to make their networks it future proof.
b. Active Infrastructure sharing
Shared RAN is a concept in which one or more licensed mobile services operators agree
to share the radio access network of a third party infrastructure provider, for providing
the mobile telephone services in accordance with their license terms and conditions.
The licensed operator would still own the core network and would continue to own and
manage it. The backhaul/transmission system could be on Optical Fibre Cable medium
or Microwave or alternative media/technology and used on a shared basis.
Sharing of passive infrastructure is already taking place between Mobile Service

Providers on mutual agreement basis, and, third party infrastructure providers are also
setting up passive infrastructure (BTS sites) for sharing by licensed mobile service
providers who pay rental/leasing charges to such third party infrastructure providers.
7289 towers i.e. about 99.13% have been set up under shared mobile infrastructure
scheme. The infrastructure so created is being shared by three service providers for
provision of mobile services. 15209 BTSs have been commissioned by Service Providers
and mobile services are being provided. This is as per 12th five year plan for Telecom.
This results in reduced up-front cost of setting up BTS infrastructure for the service
providers since the passive infrastructure cost component is a major proportion of the
total cost of setting up a wireless network.
The sharing of active infrastructure is the logical next step, and the Department of
Telecommunications (DOT) has now allowed sharing of active infrastructure amongst
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service providers based on mutual agreements entered amongst them. It is pertinent to
mention that DOT guidelines exclude from sharing the allocated spectrum. The active
network allowed to be shared is limited to antenna, feeder cable, Node B, Radio Access
Network and transmission system only.
Cost savings
Active infrastructure sharing results in both CAPEX and OPEX savings for the sharing
operators.
It is known that passive sharing allows operators to share costs of passive infrastructure
which is estimated to be almost 60% of the BSS cost. In case of active sharing because
the BTS equipment, antennas and feeders are additionally shared, the CAPEX savings for
operators shall be more. However multi-operator equipment and antennas are more
expensive than traditional RAN equipment. But with increased deployment of shared
RAN, the production costs may drop in future.
Also the common equipment platform results in less power consumption and reduced
maintenance costs.The additional savings that may be obtained on account of shared
RAN over passive infrastructure sharing may be estimated from a break-up of site CAPEX
structure.
Item of Site CAPEX (%)
Real Estate 28%
Labor cost/civil/ installation 30%
Base Station 22%
Antenna & feeder 10%
Power supply 5%
Others 5%
Total 100%
From above table it is seen that base station and antenna system account for about 32%
of site CAPEX and depending upon the number of sharing operators, significant cost
savings of appx. 25% may be obtained for each operator.
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In case of OPEX the savings shall arise from (a) lease/rental of passive infrastructure
since less space is required to accommodate more operators, and, (b) maintenance and
power consumption. The breakup of operational expenses for RAN have been estimated
as follows-
Item of Site OPEX (%)
Rental/Lease 40%
Backhaul 22%
Maintenance 20%
Others incl. power consumption 18%
Total 100%
Since all above expenses will get shared, the savings in OPEX are expected to be
significant up to appx 10% to 15% of OPEX per operator.
Commercial basis
The commercial basis of sharing should take into account (a) recovery of investment
made by the third party infrastructure provider in a reasonable period, (b) the annual
operational expenses, and, (c) reasonable returns to sustain and grow the business as
also make reasonable profits.
Factors supporting Shared RAN

Shared RAN may be seen as a new phase of the mobile industry, wherein through the
consolidation and sharing of the radio access network the operators shall be able to
improve coverage in a faster and more efficient manner than if each operator was to
roll-out own network. It is also expected that the operators shall be able to provide
more types of specialized services in this process.
The various factors that are expected to drive the deployment of shared RAN services in
India include the following:
Government Teledensity outlook:

The Government is having ambitious targets to raise the tele-density in remote/ rural
areas and seeing the remarkable growth, as per 12th Five year plan.
Pressure for cost reduction:
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In view of the low ARPU, the rollout of mobile networks can only be supported on a
strategy of minimizing the cost and time of rollout of the network. The sharing of mobile
infrastructure is the only way to cut down the cost (especially for new operators). As
discussed above, passive infrastructure sharing is already taking place in a big way and
the sharing of active infrastructure in light of the recent TRAI guidelines shall be the next
big thing.
Entry of new players and expansion plans of existing operators:

Several major operators, who had been operating more on regional basis, have received
licenses as well spectrum in new circles, which would enable them to extend their
operations on pan-India basis. Also, new licenses have been issued to players such as
Unitech, Swan Telecom, and S Tel Limited. Given the significant expansion plans of new
entrants over the medium term and the need for them to optimize investments in order
to maintain returns, demand for cell-sites is expected to significantly increase. The new
entrants are likely to participate in this shared RAN services since they have to counter
the competition from entrenched players in an environment of low returns.
Technological Consolidation:
The shared RAN represents an opportunity for existing operators to optimize and
consolidate their BSS infrastructure in urban and metro areas on a common, high-
capacity and scalable platform (including wide-band and efficient IP transmission
network) which shall support the variety of services under 3G/4G with the associated
higher bandwidths / data-rates. The technological advantage coupled with the necessity
of cost savings makes shared RAN solution equally attractive in semi-urban and rural
areas.
4G Spectrum Allocation:
It is felt that the process of 4G spectrum allocations may be completed sometime this
calendar year. The telecom industry is anxiously looking forward to the same. It is
expected that in the initial phase 4G services will be marketed in metro and major cities.
However, the cost of migration to 3G/4G remains an important aspect and the shared
RAN network can be one of the solutions for economizing the cost. New technologies to
further stimulate demand: In order to augment their services, various operators may
plan for providing 4G as well as Wi-Max services as soon as they receive additional
spectrum from Government.
Energy Saving:
The shared RAN provides the method of overall reduction of BTS/towers which is in-fact
becoming a necessity from the view point of environment and energy saving.
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Shorter Rollout time:
Since the mobile industry is highly competitive, the new entrants face a greater
challenge from incumbent operators already having widespread network, established
brand name and large subscriber base. Third party active infrastructure providers can
provide the economical cost and rollout time advantage which may prove critical for
business success of the newer entrants.
3.4 USOF Support

Recognizing that present/near-term revenue derived from carriage of rural/remote area
traffic on the augmented/expanded network may not be adequate to attract the
required quantum of investment, USOF intend to provide financial subsidy support by
way of percentage of capital recovery for the five years towards cost of rollout of the
district OFC networks in the North East Area. In present report we are calculating the
investment required (CAPEX) for building the augmented network.
The OFC network up-gradation/expansion in the various states is required to enable the
integrated development of USOF supported service streams, especially the creation of
general infrastructure and induction of new technological developments in the telecom
sector in rural and remote areas, and therefore qualifies for financial support from USOF
under the Indian Telegraph (Amendment) Rules, 2006.
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4. TRANSMISSION MEDIA PLAN
4.1 Introduction
The transmission media plays a key role in carrying the bulk data traffic from node to
node. The need for investment in the transmission media in NER has been realized after
the study conducted by USOF under various schemes both for wireless and wire line. In
one such scheme of USOF for District Headquarter to Block Headquarter connectivity on
Optical fiber in a ring topology of 2.5 Gbps upgradable to 10Gbps, the detailed OFC
planning had been done and a business plan for Assam & North East had been prepared
by TCIL as consultants to USOF. The financial gap between capital recovery vis-a-viz net
revenue realized over a period of years was estimated. This gap was recognized by
USOF, and the subsidy was provided through tenders floated for DHQ to BHQ
connectivity in NER and Assam so as to facilitate telecom operators to rollout the
network and mandatorily share it in regulated manner with other operators. BBNL has
also addressed this issue Block downwards i.e. OFC connectivity from Block to Gram
Panchayat.
4.2 Status of Existing USOF Schemes in North East

The projects of OFC connectivity in North Eastern region, below district level have been
assigned to BSNL &RailTel and the work is in progress. The status briefly is as follows:
Status of Project Scheme/ Project Current Status

DHQ BHQ USOF Assam 302 blocks out of 353 has been
connectivity on OFC Tender commissioned by BSNL under this scheme.
in ring topology. Subsidy amount 100Cr
USOF North East Survey has been done in 6 North eastern
Tender states by RailTel and rollout has been
initiated. Subsidy amount 484 Cr approx.
USOF - Sikkim Study has been completed as a part of West
Bengal telecom circle. USOF is yet to float a
tender. For this report TCIL has assumed
that no fund has been allotted for Sikkim
yet.
BHQ Gram BBNL Assam Block to Gram Panchayat FTTx / GPON
Panchayat BBNL - North East network has been planned by the three
connectivity BBNL-Sikkim executing agencies in these states viz.,
Assam, Arunachal, Nagaland, Tripura,
Mizoram, Meghalaya, Manipur and Sikkim. A
fund of approx 20000 Cr for pan-India
rollout has been sanctioned to BBNL.
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4.3 Need for State to State & State To District transmission Network
The transmission network as stated in the table above i.e. districts downwards is
building up under USOF schemes & BBNL project, it is realized that with emergence of
3G based applications, video on demand and digital era, huge amount of data shall be
generated by the growing telecom subscriber base. To cater to this voluminous data, a
robust network is required from state to district and further inter-state. This study
focuses on the State to state and state to district part of the transmission network of
NER identifying the gaps in the physical connectivity and capacity wise as well.
4.4 Methodology of Incremental Fiber Requirement for Ring Completion:

Keeping the data available in TRAI Recommendations as the baseline, approach
followed is as given below:
1. Identify the state / district headquarters of North Eastern Region states on a map, as per
the latest data available. This was done using freeware Google Earth.
2. Study of existing fiber network , the references from TRAI, NIC, PGCIL Telecom Network,
RailTel Network, BSNL planning sheets having existing and planned fiber information of
operators in Assam & North East are taken.
3. A physical ring is planned considering the geographical factors i.e. roads, terrain and
river etc. on Google earth both for state to state and state to district for all 8 states of
NER.
4. The gap in the existing and new fiber required to complete the ring is identified. The
new sections are analyzed against the sections in which subsidy is already provided
under various USOF schemes for Assam & North East Scheme for District To Block HQ
connectivity in ring topology.
5. The Sections so identified after above mentioned steps are tabulated against the rings
for each State.
6. In addition to the incremental fiber identified above, a provision of 10 km. fiber is taken
for inter-operator PoP to PoP connectivity and in case of new sections also, a 10 km.
provision is kept for coiling, termination, and maintenance purposes.
4.5 Details of existing Optical Fiber infra-structure:

The media augmentation for fiber redundancy and diversity needs to be planned
keeping the total existing infra-structure of various service providers in mind and
identifying the existing fiber that can be used while planning the diversity and
redundancy. The existing fiber routes are referred from TRAI Report (BSNL Network),
PGCIL telecom network (PGCIL website), RailTel telecom network (RailTel Network ppt
&USOF NE) data available with TCIL regarding existing OFC of various Service Providers
and NIC database.
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4.6 Backhaul Equipment Planning
The physical gaps are analyzed above and the backhaul equipment planning addresses
the capacity requirement in the rings planned as explained above. The rings are planned
considering existing optical fibre network of all the operators since the network is to be
augmented keeping in mind to avoid redundancy of transmission media on same route
by different operators.
Effect of Existing USOF Scheme
In USOF schemes adequate measures are taken to cover the above high lease costs.
Following deliverables are expected from BSNL and RailTel in Assam and North East
respectively:
1. The operator shall build, operate, own and manage all the equipment/infrastructure for
the intra district augmented/created OFC transport network.
2. The operator shall be responsible for complete augmented and created bandwidth in
the district wise OFC networks, covering both existing routes/sections,
utilized/upgraded as well as new sections. This responsibility shall be on continuous
basis and will extend to all aspects of the scheme viz., roll-out and commissioning,
operation and maintenance, and providing bandwidth on sharing basis.
3. During the validity of the agreement, at least 70% of the subsidized bandwidth capacity
shall be made available by the host operator to other service providers for utilization, on
sharing basis at discounted tariff as prescribed in the agreement.
4. The discounted tariff for Assam is 26.22% of current TRAI ceiling rate i.e. minimum
discount of 73.78% on the current TRAI Ceiling tariffs for various bandwidth and
distance slabs.
5. The discounted tariff for NE-I circle is 12% and for NE-II is 27%. i.e. minimum discount of
88% on the current TRAI Ceiling tariffs in NE-I Service Area and minimum discount of
73% on the current TRAI Ceiling tariffs in NE-II Service Area.
6. The discount is valid on the subsidized bandwidth, provided on lease to other operators,
in the OFC transport network from SDHQ-SDHQ, having both the ends in same district or
in different districts.
7. The discounted tariff is applicable till the agreement period continuous between USOF
and BSNL for Assam and USOF and RailTel for NE respectively.
From above it can be concluded that if BSNL and RailTel has to ensure the bandwidth
from any District to any District and they have to share it with other operators at a
discounted rate as prescribed in their respective agreements. But their mandate is to
ensure ring architecture between DHQ and SDHQ. From SDHQ of one district to SDHQ of
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another district, they have to only ensure a path, not a protected path. Hence for
redundancy in path between State HQ to District HQ, plan has already been proposed
above. It is assumed that 2.5G ADM are available at all DHQs as it is one of the
deliverables to ensure ring of minimum 2.5G expandable to 10G.
State to State & State to District Ring Design
The SDH ring design with an interconnected multi-ring architecture overlaid over an
optical mesh network or on Optical physical network as planned in state-wise physical
rings above. The no. of wave lengths required in any logical ring, is calculated using the
additional bandwidth requirement from the TRAI report. The logical rings consist of
Optical Add/Drop Multiplexers (OADM) and Digital Cross Connects (DXC). OADM is
placed on nodes where a part of traffic is dropped, some traffic is inserted and the rest
is passing through. Digital cross connects are used to cross connect inter ring traffic
between multiple rings where inter ring traffic is defined as the set of demands such
that source node belongs to one ring and the destination node belongs to other ring.
Optical Amplifiers (OA) are placed where only signal regeneration and pass through is
needed.
A state-wise equipment plan is formulated and the lease charges wherever required
shall be extra. We are also assuming that the existing system present is 2.5G SDH is just
sufficient to cater to existing traffic need of blocks below DHQ and a separate
equipment shall be planned at DHQ for SHQ to DHQ ring. In order to meet the
requirement of increasing bandwidth demand on the basis of various applications,
DWDM needs to be deployed.
From above it is analyzed that at least 40 lambda, 2.5G, DWDM system shall be
required. The Digital Cross Connect (DXC) is planned at all the state Headquarters and at
those District HQs where two or more rings are interconnecting. A provision of one
OADMat each District Head Quarter is taken while planning. In new sections, an Optical
amplifier (OA) is placed at every 40 km. distance for regeneration of signal. In a ring,
when there is an inter operator switching of traffic, an OA is planned at interconnection
point. An OA is also planned at nodes other than DHQ in the ring which are at the end
points of new section. The equipment projections on the rings are analyzed in the
respective tables of state.
4.7 North Eastern Region Connectivity with rest of India

Assam state is the gateway to the northeastern part of India. It is surrounded by the
other northeastern states: Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura
and Meghalaya. Assam along with these 6 states, together called the seven sisters.
19 | P a g e
These states are connected to the rest of India via Assam's border with West Bengal and
a narrow strip called the "Chicken's Neck."
Redundant Connectivity of Guwahati with Rest of India (Chicken Neck)
Traffic Routing of North East State And Assam through Kolkata

All the telephone traffic generated by BSNL and other operators in these Seven Sisters
State has to be brought to Kolkata for further routing through the Tax Network. The
entire NorthEastState telecommunication OFC link with rest of India must pass through
this Chicken Neck Area. At present, the distance between Kolkata and Agartala in
India's landlocked northeast is a staggering 1,700 km Incase of disruption in this route
there is no alternate land route.
Moreover, distance wise this is a long route, subject to greater number of faults. During
any emergency, the telecommunication is solely dependent on satellite communication,
which is not cost effective as well as is a low speed with narrow bandwidth. The OFC
medium would offer a better future solution in terms of expansion of bandwidth
capacity.
In the TRAI report referred, it is mentioned that the OFC route Bongaigaon Guwahati
Nagaon (350km) which connects Guwahati to the rest of India has been damaged
beyond repair due to road widening work and therefore may be funded. It is to mention
that subsidy for the same has already been provided in USOF Assam scheme and this
section will also get covered indirectly while connecting these districts with their
respective sub-districts.
4.8 State to State OFC Connectivity

The state to state ring connectivity is seen w.r.t Guwahati, where all the traffic routes
and table below shows physical ring from Guwahati to the six NE states & Sikkim. It is
seen that in most cases existing OFC connectivity is available on BSNL. Some key
sections are available on PGCIL, which is a robust & reliable being OPGW network. The
network of RailTel& Oil India (reference TRAI report) is also present as redundant path
on some sections. There are only two new sections from Dhemaji to Dibrugarh and
Khowai to Kamalpur in Tripura identified , where new fiber need to be laid for ensuring
state to state interconnectivity , the CAPEX for same is accounted in the respective state
tables.
The equipment upgradation planning is done in all State to Districts rings. A Digital Cross
Connect is planned at each State Capital which is equipped with high capacity OADMs.
20 | P a g e
The DXC shall be adequate for State to State rings and shall work as an interconnect
between State to state ring and State to District ring. No additional equipment is
required at State Head Quarters. Hence, Capex requirement in terms of equipment
upgradation is nil in State to state connectivity as it is already covered in State to District
rings.
21 | P a g e
Table 1: State to State Proposed Rings
S. State Ring Proposed new OFC Operator Presence Reference Remarks

No. HQ to (Km)
State
HQ
Dhemaji to
Dibrugarh 70
km stretch
on
Guwahati - Baihata -
Brahmaputra
Mangaldai - Rowt -
river and
Dekhiajuli - Tejpur - Balipara
subject to
- BCL Halem - Gohopur -
construction
Itanagar - Naharlagun -
of bridge
Nirjuli - Bandardewa - North
across. The
Lakhimpur - Gogamukh -
Option 1 BSNL is present from Guwahati ring length is
Dhemaji - Silapather -
The CAPEX and km to Dhemaji to Silapather. very large for
Guwah Dibrugarh - Moran -
pertaining to this ring From Dhemaji to Dibrugarh Itanagar ring
ati to Sibasagar - Gaurisagar - Teok
1 are covered in State to OFC of any operator (BSNL, connectivity
Itanaga - Jorhat - Numaligarh -
District ring of Assam RailTel and PGCIL) is not with
r Bokakhat - Kaziranga -
as the only uncovered present, and Brahmaputra Guwahati.
Kuwaritol - Nagaon -
portion (Dhemaji river is in mid way, hence Hence
Mahadevgaon - Guwahati
Dibrugarh (70km) aerial OFC is prposed in this Option 2
coincides with the section. below is
district to district ring From Dibrugarh to Guwahati more
of Assam. BSNL existing fibre is present. KML 1 appropriate.
Guwahati - Baihata - Guwahati to Itanagar section is PGCIL return
Mangaldai - Rowt - Existing fibre of BSNL. path offers
Dekhiajuli - Tejpur - Balipara Itanagar to Tezpur to reliable &
Option 2
- BCL Halem - Gohopur - Bongaingaon to Guwahati better Ring
Itanagar - Tejpur - section has an alternate redundancy.
Bongaigaon - Guwahati 0 Km redundancy through PGCIL. KML 2
22 | P a g e
No. HQ to (Km)
State
HQ
BSNL is available in entire
route.
PGCIL is available in following
Guwah
sections:
ati -
Guwahati - Shillong
Shillong
Guwahati - Pathankhana - Shillong - Silchar
-Silchar
Mairang - Shillong - Jowai - Silchar - Imphal (planned)
-
Kalain - Silchar - Jiribam - Imphal - Dimapur
Imphal
Tamenglong - Kangkopi - Dimapur - Tezpur - Bongaigaon
2 - Option 1 0 km
Imphal - Ukhrul - Kohima - - Guwahati
Kohima
Sechu - Dimapur - Bakulia -
-
Nagaon - Motapahar Alternate routes are present
Dimapu
Guwahati for the following:
r-
Guwahati - Shillong via
Guwah
Nongpoh.
ati
Kohima - Dimapur via Nuland
Dimapur to Nagaon via
Numaligarh KML 3
Silchar - Karimganj -
Patharkandi - Dharamnagar -
Kamalpur : BSNL existing.
Silchar - Karimganj -
Silchar - Kamalpur - Khowai: New OFC
Patharkandi - Dharamnagar -
Agartal Proposed (included in Tripura
Kamalpur - Khowai -
a- state to district).
3 Mohanpur - Agartala -
Aizawl Agartala - Salema - Ambassa :
Salema - Ambassa -
Only a small section of BSNL and PGCIL present.
Manughat - Aizwal - Serken -
Silchar the ring is uncovered, Ambasa - Manughat : BSNL
Kolasib - Silchar
which is covered as a present.
part of State to District Manughat to Aizwal: PGCIL
ring of Tripura. present. KML 4
23 | P a g e
No. HQ to (Km)
State
HQ
Aizwal to Silchar: BSNL OFC
present.
This is also to mention that

PGCIL has planned OPGW from
Aizwal to Kolasib which may
be considered after checking
latest status from PGCIL.
Guwahati - Rangia - Padhshala
- Bongaigaon - Coochbehar
(WB) - Jalpaiguri - Siliguri -
Gangtok : BSNL present
Guwahati - Rangia -
Guwah Padhshala - Bongaigaon - Gangtok - Melli - Siliguri -
ati - Coochbehar (WB) - Jalpaiguri Bongaigaon - Guwahati: PGCIL
4 Option 1
Gangto - Siliguri - Gangtok - Melli - present
k Siliguri - Bongaigaon
Guwahati OFC of OIL India is also
available from Guwahati -
Dharampur - Barpeta Road -
Kokrajhar - Madarighat
0 km Siliguri KML 5
The referenced KML files are placed in Annexure-1
24 | P a g e
Recommendation for State to State connectivity in North East
The state to state connectivity analysis has been done and it is analyzed that BSNL OFC
network is existing from state to state in NER region. However, redundancy on these
existing routes is critical as these are bulk traffic carrying routes and generally NER has
difficult terrain so any fiber damage / cut may take long time to repair.
With this perspective, PGCIL OPGW network along high power transmission line is very
reliable option, it is connecting all state capitals with Guwahati. The details are provided
in Table above. As mentioned in TRAI report, PGCIL is not leasing dark fiber but only
providing bandwidth and the tariff on these NER routes is also relatively high. This issue
may be dealt by calculating the financial gap and providing subsidy to PGCIL on these
specific routes. It is essential to create a level playing field in NER and encourage
operators to enter in NER. At the same time PGCIL may reduce its bandwidth leasing
charges to other operators, hence, to reduce unnecessary incremental OFC layout for
redundancy network and to utilize the existing OFC in best way USOF may suitably
provide subsidy support to existing operators for the same to promote improvement of
telecom infrastructure in North Eastern states.
The analysis of the redundancy and capacity for state to state ring is done and the
strategy is tabulated below. As such no infrastructure gap is seen. The issue is high
Bandwidth lease charges and non-availability of dark fiber by operators with existing
infrastructure like BSNL & PGCIL in NER.
S.No State to State CAPEX Operator Presence

Connectivity Requirement
1 Assam - Arunachal NIL BSNL & PGCIL fiber is existing from
Pradesh Guhawati to Itanagar. It is presumed
that under the recent BSNL & PGCIL
agreement, the PGCIL section is available
to BSNL.
2 Assam - Meghalaya- NIL BSNL fiber is existing connecting the
Manipur - Nagaland state capital Guwahati, Imphal, Shillong,
& Kohima.
3 Assam (Cachar NIL (36km fiber The ring as a sub ring from Silchar
District) - Tripura- covered in Tripura) (Assam Cachar district) is envisaged on
Mizoram BSNL & PGCIL fiber to connect Silchar
Agartala-Aizawl - Silchar. A small section
from Kamalpur Tulashikhar (36 km.)
appears to be non existing (can be
checked with RailTel).
25 | P a g e
4 Assam Sikkim NIL BSNL & PGCIL fiber is existing from
Guhawati to Gangtok.
Note: The above CAPEX requirement includes cost of OFC (supply + service). The provision of
CAPEX for Equipment upgradation is kept in state to district rings and the same system
shall suffice the requirement of state to state rings.
4.9 State to District Physical Ring Planning
The study of state to district connectivity in ring topology is done for Assam, Sikkim and
the six North Eastern state and it is seen that mostly BSNL is present and many
uncovered sections are already funded in USOF Assam & NE scheme. However, RailTel&
BSNL need to expedite the rollout of fiber in the NER and adhere to the timelines given.
The incremental quantity of OFC length as analyzed in table below for State to District
ring completion is subject to completion of the USOF Assam & NE scheme.
Assam
The Assam state has 27 districts, and the study is done w.r.t to state head quarter
district headquarter connectivity in ring on OFC, considering the existing fiber of various
operators. The gaps identified are from
1) Dhemaji to Dibrugarh (70 km) - This is subject to completion of bridge on

Brahmaputra river as also mentioned in TRAI report. This section is important from
point of view of state to district ring connectivity in Assam. Survey may be done to get
the actual length of underground fiber and aerial fiber over Brahmaputra river.
2) Silchar to Diphu - On this section, in parts BSNL(Silchar to Udarband existing),

Habagajao Maibang (subsidy provided in USOF Assam Scheme) andRailTel (Dihu to
Lumding) is present.The new section length is estimated as Udarband(Cachar)
Harangajao (North Cachar)59 km and Maibang- Lumding79.1km, the total length is
138 km. The detailed ring covering the connectivity & redundancy is tabulated in Table 2
and the respective KML files are placed at KML-6 to KML 8 in Annexure 1.
The capacity enhancement of these rings is done by equipment planning on 40 lambda,

2.5 G DWDM rings , the methodology is explained in 4.6 section.
26 | P a g e
Table 2A: State Headquarter to District Headquarter OFC Connectivity (Assam)
No. of district
New Sections
District(ASD)
Assam State
Reference
Reference
Operator
Remarks
Name of
Ring No.
Districts
Existing
Section
Length
S.No.
RING
Ring
to
Kajalgaon is
DHQ of
Chirang
district, and it
is very near (10
km) to
Guwahati - Bongaigaon.
Goalpara - Therefore it is
Baitamari (BTM) - presumed that
Bilasipara (BLSP) - Kamrup, as per TRAI
Dhubri - Kamrup information
CoochBehar (COB) - (metro), and USOF
Kokrajhar - Goalpara,Dhu Assam tender
Kajalgaon - bri, Kokrajhar, reference,
Bongaigaon - Chirang, Kajalgaon is
Barpeta Rd - Bongaigaon, connected on
Nalbari - Rangia - Barpeta, this ring with
1 1 Guwahati 9 Nalbari Entire ring BSNL TRAI Nil Guwahati. ASD 1
Guwahati-
Pathshala-
Barpeta Rd-
Bongaigaon-
Kokrajhar OIL TRAI
Guwahati - PGCIL
Kahelipara- Websi
Bongaigaon PGCIL te
27 | P a g e
No. of district
New Sections
District(ASD)
Assam State
Reference
Reference
Operator
Remarks
Name of
Ring No.
Districts
Existing
Section
Length
S.No.
RING
Ring
to
Guwahati -
Chayagaon-
Duphdhara-
Goalpara-New
Bongaigaon-
Kokrajhar-
Bijni- Barpeta RailTel
Rd - Nalbari SDH
Guwahati RailTel ppt
Guwahati -
Baihata(BHT) - Darrang,Sonit
Mangaldai (MLD)- pur,
Tezpur- Lakhimpur, Nagaon -
N.Lakhimpur - Dhemaji, Marigaon -
Dhemaji - Dibrugarh, Guwahati is
Dibrugarh - Tinsukia Tinsukia, existing
- Duliajan - Sonari - Sivsagar, section as per
Sibsagar - Jorhat - Jorhat, Guwahati - Dhema NIC. It is
Marianil - Golaghat Golaghat, Dhemaji & ji- shown as
- Nagaon- Marigaon Nagaon, Dibrugarh - Dibrug TRAI 70 planned in
2 2 - Guwahati 11 Marigaon Guwahati BSNL TRAI arh & NIC km TRAI Report. ASD-2
Guwahati-
Nagaon -
Jorhat-
Duliajan OIL TRAI
Guwahati- PGCIL
Bongaigaon- Websi
Tejpur- Nagaon PGCIL te
28 | P a g e
No. of district
New Sections
District(ASD)
Assam State
Reference
Reference
Operator
Remarks
Name of
Ring No.
Districts
Existing
Section
Length
S.No.
RING
Ring
to
Guwahati-
Sikoni- Jorhat-
Moran-
Tinsukia-
Namrup-
Mariani-
Furkating-
Sarupatahr-
Dimapur-
Diphu-
Lumding-
Lanka-Jagi RailTel
Road- SDH
Silchar
-
Udarba
nd(Cac
har)
Harang
ajao
(North
Cachar TRAI ,
Guwahati - Shillong Karimganj, Guwahati - )59 km USOF
- Jowai - Karimganj - Hailakandi, Shillong - Jowai Assam
Hailakandi - Silchar Cachar, - Karimganj - Haflon Sche
- Haflong - Diphu - Haflong, Hailakandi - TRAI g me, 138.
3 3 Guwahati 5 Diphu Silchar BSNL & NIC Maiba NIC 1 km ASD-3
29 | P a g e
No. of district
New Sections
District(ASD)
Assam State
Reference
Reference
Operator
Remarks
Name of
Ring No.
Districts
Existing
Section
Length
S.No.
RING
Ring
to
ng(cov
ered in
USOF
Assam)
-
Lumdin
g
79.1km
Guwahati-
Kahelipara-
Shillong -
Khlerihat- PGCIL
Badarpur - Websi
Silchar PGCIL te
Guwahati-
Digaru-Jagi rd-
Chapramukh-
Lanka-
Lumding-
Diphu -
Tinsukia-
Dibrugarh- RailTel
Jorhat- SDH
Guwahati - Nagaon Guwahati - Udalguri &
- Musalpur - Musalpur & Baksa will get
Tamulpur - Udalguri Udalguri,Baks Guwahati - connected in
4 4 - Guwahati 2 a Udalguri BSNL TRAI ring through ASD-2
30 | P a g e
S.No.
Ring No.
Ring
No. of district
Name of
Districts
Existing
Section
Operator
Reference
New Sections
Reference
Length
already
Subsidy
Remarks
provided.
their Block
under USOF
Headquarters
Assam Tender.
Assam State
to
31 | P a g e
District(ASD)
RING
Table 2B: State Headquarter to District Headquarter Equipment Planning (Assam)
OFC Distance Provisio Equipment

OFC
(Km) n Inter- Required
Ring Operato Operato
From To Remarks
No. r& U/g or r
Existing New OA DXC
coiling Aerial
etc
145 1 DXC at Guwahati,

Guwahati - Goalpara - BSNL Nagaon, Nalbari
47.5 RailTel, OIL & PGCIL

Baitamari (BTM) also there on cerain
Goalpara - - BSNL section of this ring
Baitamari (BTM) Bilasipara (BLSP)
42.3
- - BSNL
Bilasipara (BLSP)
43.6
- Dhubri - BSNL
ASD 1
CoochBehar
80.4
Dhubri - (COB) BSNL
CoochBehar
144
(COB) - Kokrajhar - BSNL
- Kokrajhar - Kajalgaon - 31.6 BSNL
Kajalgaon - Bongaigaon - 10 BSNL
Bongaigaon - Barpeta Rd - 50.3 BSNL
Barpeta Rd - Nalbari - 68.3 BSNL
Nalbari - Rangia - 20 BSNL
Rangia - Guwahati 54.7 BSNL
ASD 2 Guwahati - Baihata(BHT) - 189 BSNL
32 | P a g e
OFC
From To Remarks
No. r& U/g or r
Existing New OA DXC
coiling Aerial
etc
201 RailTel, OIL & PGCIL

Mangaldai also there on cerain
Baihata(BHT) - (MLD)- BSNL section of this ring
Mangaldai
94.6
(MLD)- Tezpur- BSNL
Tezpur- N.Lakhimpur - 206 BSNL
N.Lakhimpur - Dhemaji - 69.4 BSNL
70 2 aerial km. subject to

Dhemaji - Dibrugarh - aerial New survey
Dibrugarh - Tinsukia - 47.7 BSNL
Tinsukia - Duliajan 26.7 BSNL
Duliajan - Sonari - 66.8 BSNL
- Sonari - Sibsagar - 47.1 BSNL
Sibsagar - Jorhat - 58.7 BSNL
Jorhat - Marianil - 17 BSNL
Marianil - Golaghat - 39.9 BSNL
Golaghat - Nagaon- 153 BSNL
Nagaon- Marigaon - 56.9 BSNL
Marigaon - Guwahati 78.9 BSNL
Guwahati - Shillong - 99.6 BSNL
Shillong - Jowai - 67.3 BSNL
ASD 3 Jowai - Karimganj - 160 BSNL
Karimganj - Hailakandi - 61 BSNL
Hailakandi - Silchar - 43.7 BSNL
33 | P a g e
OFC
From To Remarks
No. r& U/g or r
Existing New OA DXC
coiling Aerial
etc
Silchar - Udarband 18.7 BSNL 3 Note 1
Udarband Harangajao 59 10 u/g New
Harangajao Haflong 42 BSNL
Haflong Maibang 50 BSNL
Maibang Lumding 79 10 New
Lumding Diphu 39 RailTel
Diphu Nagaon 143 BSNL 1
Nagaon Guwahati - 127 BSNL
Guwahati - Nalbari - 141 BSNL 1
Nalbari - Musalpur - 240 BSNL
ASD 4 Musalpur - Tamulpur - 42 BSNL
Tamulpur - Udalguri - 79.9 BSNL
Udalguri - Guwahati 128 BSNL
3572.6 208 20 Total 5 3
No. of DHQs 27
No. of DXC 3 DXC at Guwahati, Nagaon, Nalbari
No. of OADM 24
No. of OA 5
34 | P a g e
Recommendation for Assam State to District
The analysis of Assam State to District ring shows that BSNL is the dominant operator. It has
already existing OFC covering all the districts and most sub-districts under USOF Assam project.
As per the project mandate the lease tariff is reduced on these sections. The State to District
gap in Assam for the fiber & equipment is nominal and BSNL may be directly given subsidy
being dominant operator to complete this gap and mandated to provide bandwidth on lease at
reduced tariff.
35 | P a g e
Meghalaya
Meghalaya state Headquarter is Shillong and has 11 districts, which includes four new
districts formed after 2011 census. The detailed study for the ring connectivity between
Shillong and District Headquarters is done using freeware Google earth and existing
fiber information from TRAI report under reference and the details of planning
information conducted for USOF North East Scheme in which rings were formed
between District to Block HQ on fiber.
In Meghalaya all the district headquarter are connected to Shillong in five rings on BSNL
existing fiber and on the gap sections are already considered while USOF NE planning
wherein these sections are subsidized and to be executed by RailTel.
One new Section of 53 km from Riangdo to Bokois proposed and shall provide
additional redundancy to four rings envisaged.
The various rings are tabulated in Table 3 and the respective KML files are placed at KML
9 to KML 12 in Annexure 1.
The capacity aspect on these rings are done by equipment planning on 40 lambda, 2.5 G
DWDM rings and repeater distance of 40 km is taken on new sections. The methodology
is explained in Section 4.6 Backhaul equipment planning.
36 | P a g e
Table 3A: MEGHALAYA STATE TO DISTRCT OFC RING ANALYSIS
Meghalaya State
to District (MSD
Existing Section
No. of district
New Sections
Redundancy
Reference
Reference
Operator
Remarks
Name of
Ring No.
Districts
Length
Route
Ring)
Ring
East Khasi
Hills, West
Shillong - Jowai- Jaintia, East Shillong - Jowai - MSD-
1 Khliehriat - shillong 3 Jaintia Khliehriat BSNL TRAI 1
Khliehriat PGCIL
Option 1 Shillong PGCIL Website
Shillong -
Mawryngkneng - Dawki-
Jowai - Dawki - Pynursla , to
Pynursala- be executed
Langkyrdem- by NETF as
Shillong BSNL TRAI per TRAI
Jowai-
Khlierihat Subsidy
- allocated
Lakadong under USOF-
Jowai- Amlarem- Ring in NE scheme
Lakadong- Rymbia- USOF NE for this
Option 2 Khliehriat- Jowai RailTel Plan section.
Ring (partly BSNL Subsidy
Shillong- Nongpoh - present) & partly allocated
Guwahati - Borjhar- covered under TRAI, under USOF-
Patharkhama- USOF NE tender BSNL USOF NE NE scheme MSD-
2 Mairang -Shillong 1 Ri Bhoi Option 1 planning &RailTel Plan for this 2
37 | P a g e
Meghalaya State
to District (MSD
Existing Section
No. of district
New Sections
Redundancy
Reference
Reference
Operator
Remarks
Name of
Ring No.
Districts
Length
Route
Ring)
Ring
section.
Shillong -
Pongjhung -
Mawkyrwat- West Khasi
Nongstoin-Mairang Hills, South MSD-
3 - Shillong 2 West Khasi Option 1 Ring Existing BSNL TRAI 3
Shillong -
Pongkhung-
Mawkyrwat-
Noongstoin-
Riangdo- East Garo
WilliamNagar - Hills, North
Songsak- Garo Hills,
Resubelpara- West Khasi
Krishnai- Dudhnoi- Hills, South
Boko-Guwahati- West Khasi, Ring via MSD-
4 Nongpoh - Shillong 5 Ri Bhoi Option 1 Existing Ring BSNL TRAI Assam 4
38 | P a g e
Meghalaya State
to District (MSD
Existing Section
No. of district
New Sections
Redundancy
Reference
Reference
Operator
Remarks
Name of
Ring No.
Districts
Length
Route
Ring)
Ring
Ring existing
on BSNL
except
Shillong- Nongstoin Mahendraga
- Williamnagar- nj -
Baghmara- Barengpara
Mahendraganj - East Garo and Rewa -
Ampati - Hills, West Nongalbibra
Garobadha - Tura - Garo Hills, sections
Mendal - South West Ring (partly BSNL Ria which are
Resubelpara - Garo Hills, present) & partly ngd covered in
Dudhnoi - Boko - South Garo covered under TRAI, o- USOF NE
Guwahati- Hills, North USOF NE tender BSNL USOF NE Bok 53 planning MSD-
5 Nongpoh - Shillong 5 Garo Hills Option 1 planning &RailTel Plan o km TRAI &subsidized. 5
Riangdo-
Boko, new
section
proposed will
provide
additional
redundancy
for ring no.
2,3,4,5
above.
Section, Mahendraganj - Barengpara , Rewa- Nongalbibra &, Rongram-Williamnagar as suggested in TRAI report are also covered in USOF NE
Note planning and therefore subsidized.
39 | P a g e
Table 3B: MEGHALAYA STATE TO DISTRCT EQUIPMENT PALNNING
OFC Distance Provisio

OFC Equipment Required Remarks
(Km) n Inter-
Ring Operato
From To Operator
No. Existin r& U/g or
New OA DXC
g coiling Aerial
etc
MSD 1 Shillong Jowai 65 BSNL 1
(option Jowai Khliehrait 31.8 BSNL
1) Khliehrait Shillong 95.8 10 PGCIL DXC at Shillong
Shillong Umsning 30 BSNL
Umsning Nongpoh 21 BSNL
BSNL,
1
MSD 2 Nongpoh Umling 13 10 RailTel
Umling Umkadhor Rd 39 Railtel
Umkadhor Rd Mairang 54 10 BSNL 1 DXC of Guwahati
Mairang Shillong 46 BSNL taken in Assam
Shillong Ponkjhung 53.8 BSNL
Ponkjhung Mawkyrwat 21.9 BSNL
MSD 3 Mawkyrwat Nongstoin 37.8 BSNL
Nongstoin Mairang 49.4 BSNL
Mairang Shillong 45.8 BSNL
Shillong Pongkhung 53.8 BSNL
Pongkhung Mawkyrwat 21.9 BSNL
Mawkyrwat Nongstoin 37.8 BSNL
MSD-4 Nongstoin Riangdo 43.8 BSNL
Riangdo WilliamNagar 101 BSNL
WilliamNagar Songsak 30.3 BSNL
Songsak Resubelpara 39.8 BSNL
40 | P a g e
(Km) n Inter-
Ring Operato
From To Operator
New OA DXC
g coiling Aerial
etc
Resubelpara Krishnai 21.6 BSNL
Krishnai Dudhnoi 13.2 BSNL
Dudhnoi Boko 47.7 BSNL
Boko Guwahati 65.8 BSNL
Guwahati Nongpoh 49.3 BSNL
Nongpoh Shillong 51.1 BSNL
Shillong Nongstoin 94.7 BSNL
Nongstoin Williamnagar 141 BSNL
Williamnagar Nongalbibra, 22 BSNL
Rewa -
1 Nongalgipara
Nongalbibra, Rewak 38 10 Railtel (Railtel USF NE)
Rewak Baghmara 24 10 BSNL 1
Baghmara Barenghpara 53 BSNL
Mahendragan
MSD-5 1
Barenghpara j 50 10 Railtel
Mahendragan
1
j Ampati 28 10 BSNL
Ampati Garobadha 22.8 BSNL
Garobadha Tura 28.2 BSNL
Tura Mendal 60.8 BSNL
Mendal Resubelpara 25.7 BSNL
Resubelpara Dudhnoi 26.8 BSNL
Dudhnoi Boko 47.7 BSNL
41 | P a g e
(Km) n Inter-
Ring Operato
From To Operator
New OA DXC
g coiling Aerial
etc
Boko - riangdo -
1 New (53 km.
Boko Guwahati 65.8 53 u/g BSNL subsection)
Guwahati Nongpoh 49.3 BSNL
Nongpoh Shillong 51.1 BSNL
Total 2010.3 53 70 0 7 1
No. of DHQs 11
No. of DXC 1 DXC at Shillong
No. of OADM 10
No. of OA 7
42 | P a g e
Tripura
The Tripura State has Headquarter at Agartala and has 8 districts, including four new
districts formed after 2011 census. There are 3 rings envisaged from Agartala to its
districts which are covered on BSNL fiber and some new sections are already
subsidized through USOF NE-1 tender.
A new section required to connect ring between Districts HQ Khowai, Kaliashahar, &
Dharamnagar is from Kamapur Tulashikar (36 km) This section is also identified in
the state to state rings for connectivity from Shillong to Agartala to Aizawl but cost of
this section is taken here.
The rings are tabulated in Table 4 and are represented in KML 13 to KML 14 in
Annexure 1.
The capacity aspect on these rings are done by equipment planning on 40 lambda,
2.5 G DWDM rings and repeater distance of 40 km is taken on new sections. The
methodology is explained in Section 4.6 Backhaul equipment planning
43 | P a g e
Table 4A: Tripura State to District OFC ring
No. of district
New Sections
Tripura State
Redundancy
(TSD Ring)
Reference
Reference
to District
Operator
Remarks
Name of
Ring No.
Districts
Existing
Section
Length
Route
Ring
Agartala -
Birendranagar-
Ambassa- West
Gandarchara- Tripura,
Amarpur- Dhalai,
R.K.pur(Udaipur Gomati,
) - Bisramganj - Sipahijal TRAI, USOF
1 Agartala 4 a Option1 Existing Ring BSNL NE planning TSD-1
Udaipur - New
Amarpur - Sections
Karbuk - Partly BSNL are
Rupaichari - existing & subsidized
Satchand - remaining in USOF NE
Hrishiyamukh - covered in Tender
Belonia South USOF NE TRAI, USOF
2 Udapiur 1 Tripura Option1 planning NE planning TSD-2
Agartala -
Mohanpur -
Khowai Partly Existing
Tulashikhar - on BSNL &
kamalpur - rest covered
Kailashahar- Khowai, in USOF NE
Dharamnagar- Unakoti, Tender Kamalpur TRAI,
Kumarghat - North i.e.,Khowai- BSNL, USOF NE TRAI, USOF - USOF NE 36k
3 Ambassa- 3 Tripua Option1 Kamalpur Tender NE planning Tulashikar Planning m TSD-3
44 | P a g e
No. of district
New Sections
Tripura State
Redundancy
(TSD Ring)
Reference
Reference
to District
Operator
Remarks
Name of
Ring No.
Districts
Existing
Section
Length
Route
Ring
Agartala
Option Agartala- BSNL, USOF NE

2 Khowai- Tender
Kamalpur-
Ambassa -
Agartala
Kamalpur -
Ambassa-
Kumarghat-
Dharamnagar
-Kailashahar-
Kamalpur
Kailashahar-
Dharamnagar
-Kumarghat -
Kailashahar
Option Agartala-
3 Kumarghat PGCIL
45 | P a g e
Table 4B: Tripura State to District Equipment Planning
OFC Distance Provisi Equipment

OFC
(Km) on Required
Inter-
Ring Operat
From To Opera Remarks
No. U/g or or
Existing New tor & OA DXC
Aerial
coiling
etc
DXC at
Agartala,
1 Ambassa,
udaipur,
Agartala Birendranagar 17.4 BSNL Amarpur
Birendranagar Ambassa 66.4 BSNL 1
TSD-1 Ambassa Gandarchara 53.3 BSNL
Gandarchara Amarpur 35.5 BSNL 1
R.K.pur(Udaip
1
Amarpur ur) 26.3 BSNL
R.K.pur(Udaipu
r) Bisramganj 19.9 BSNL
Bisramganj Agartala 32.4 BSNL
Udaipur - Amarpur - 26.3 BSNL
Amarpur - Karbuk - 28.2 BSNL
Karbuk - Rupaichari - 68.2 10 RailTel 1
TSD-2 Rupaichari - Satchand - 22.1 RailTel
Hrishiyamukh
Satchand - - 40.6 RailTel
Hrishiyamukh - Belonia - 18.4 10 BSNL 1
Belonia - Udaipur - 38.7 BSNL
TSD-3 Agartala - Mohanpur - 23 BSNL
46 | P a g e
OFC Distance Provisi Equipment
OFC
(Km) on Required
Inter-
Ring Operat
From To Opera Remarks
No. U/g or or
Existing New tor & OA DXC
Aerial
coiling
etc
(optio Mohanpur - Khowai - 34.1 10 RailTel 1
n 1) Khowai - Tulashikhar 35.9 10 BSNL 1
to check
Tulashikhar kamalpur - 36 New 2 with RailTel
kamalpur - Kaishahar 27 BSNL
Dharamnagar
Kailashahar- - 33 BSNL
Dharamnagar- Kumarghat - 40.2 BSNL
Kumarghat - Ambassa- 68.7 BSNL
Ambassa- Agartala 82.6 BSNL
TOTAL 838.2 36 40 6 4
No. of
DHQs 8
No. of DXC 4
No. of
OADM 4
No. of OA 6
47 | P a g e
Mizoram
The Mizoram State HQ is Aizawl and it has 8 districts in it. The terrain is hilly and road
connectivity to district headquarter is only feasible through NH. In many cases, alternate paths
are not available, therefore aerial cable is the only way to ensure redundancy in such locations.
The analysis for Aizawl to district HQ has been done, 4 districts namely Serchhip, Lunglei,
Lawngtlai and Saiha are connected with Aizawl in ring and sub rings formed through Serchhip
(MZSD - 1to 4), in which two new sections from (Lawngtlai - Saiha (58km) &Sangau -
Hnaihthial (62km) i.e total 120 km is proposed.
The other three districts i.e. Champai, Kolasib and Mamit are either partly or fully connected on
OFC and to ensure redundancy for these district headquarters aerial fiber is only way because
of lack of alternate route.The actual requirement of Underground OFC or OPGW orADSS cable
can be assessed only after a detailed field survey.
The new sections suggested to connect these 3 districts in ring with Aizawl are as follows:
1) Underground OFC - Aizawl - Lengpui- Mamit, UG OFC (95 km), Aizawl Champai
(100km){BSNL damaged section, reference TRAI report}
2) Aerial OFC Aizawl- Champai (207 km) , Aizawl Mamit (95km) and Aizawl Kolasib (80 km).
The actual length of aerial fiber may be less and is subject to a site survey. For budgetary
estimation same length as of underground fiber is taken.
The details are given in Table 5 below and the rings are represented in KML 15 to KML 20 at
Annexure 1.
DWDM rings and repeater distance of 40 km is taken on new sections. The methodology is
explained in Section 4.6 Backhaul equipment planning.
48 | P a g e
Table 5A: Mizoram State to District OFC Ring
Existing Section
Mizoram State
No. of district
New Sections
(MZSD Ring)
Redundancy
Reference
Reference
to District
Operator
Remarks
Name of
Ring No.
Districts
Length
Route
Ring
1 Aizawl - 2 Aizawl, Serchhip Option 1 Aizawl - BSNL TRAI , USOF NE planning Entire ring MZSD-1
Tlangnuam- Sechhip , except
Aibawk - covered under Chingchip to
Serchhip - USOF NE Serchhip(whi
Thingsulthliah planning ch was BSNL
- Aizawl existing then)
has been
considered in
NE planning
and subsidy
provided.
2 Lunglei -South 2 Lunglei Serchhip Option 1 USOF NE RailTel USOF NE Ring 2 is MZSD-2
Lunglei - planning Planning connecting
Buarpui - with Ring 1
Serchhip - via Serchhip.
Lunglei This connects
both Lunglei
& Serchhip
with Aizawl in
ring
redundancy.
The entire
ring covered
under USOF
49 | P a g e
Existing Section
Mizoram State
No. of district
New Sections
(MZSD Ring)
Redundancy
Reference
Reference
to District
Operator
Remarks
Name of
Ring No.
Districts
Length
Route
Ring
NE planning.
3 Lawngtlai - 2 Lunglei, Option 1 USOF NE RailTel USOF NE Planning Ring 3 is MZSD-3

Diltang S- Lawngtlai planning connecting
Chawngte - with Ring 1 &
Lungsen - Ring 2 via
Lunglei - Serchhip &
Tawipui- Lunglei. This
Lawngtlai connects
Lunglei,
Serchhip and
Lawngtlai
with Aizawl in
ring
redundancy.
The entire
ring covered
under USOF
NE planning.
50 | P a g e
Existing Section
Mizoram State
No. of district
New Sections
(MZSD Ring)
Redundancy
Reference
Reference
to District
Operator
Remarks
Name of
Ring No.
Districts
Length
Route
Ring
4 Lunglei - 3 Saiha. Lunglei, Option 1 Saiha- Sangau RailTel USOF Lawngtlai 120 km MZSD-4
Lawngtlai - Lawngtlai via Bualpui NE - Saiha
Saiha - Sangau Plannin (58km )
- Hnaihthial- g & Sangau
Lunglei -
Hnaihthi
al (62km)
5 Aizawl - 1 Champhai Option 1 Aizawl - BSNL , USOF Aizawl to TRAI 100km A part of this MZSD-5
Thingsulthliah Thingsulthliah RailTel NE Champai Report is existing
- Saitual - (Covered Tender BSNL section
Kawlkulh - under USOF , TRAI # and damaged
Khawzawl- NE ) - Saitual as per TRAI
Champai (Existing report. USOF
BSNL) - may take a
Kawlkulh - call to fund
Khawzawl - this section
Champai or not.
(BSNL Existing
& Khawzawl -
Kawlkulh in
USOF NE
Scheme)
51 | P a g e
Existing Section
Mizoram State
No. of district
New Sections
(MZSD Ring)
Redundancy
Reference
Reference
to District
Operator
Remarks
Name of
Ring No.
Districts
Length
Route
Ring
Aizawal - 207 Km Aizawl to

Champha Champai
i, Aerial under ground
fiber. is covered by
BSNL and
some
sections are
already
subsidized
through
USOF NE
Tender.
Because of
non-
availability of
roads,
Redundancy
to Champai
from Aizawl
can only be
obtained
through
Aerial Fiber.
The distance
207 km is
linear and for
52 | P a g e
Existing Section
Mizoram State
No. of district
New Sections
(MZSD Ring)
Redundancy
Reference
Reference
to District
Operator
Remarks
Name of
Ring No.
Districts
Length
Route
Ring
ADSS fiber,
the actual
distance may
be less.
6 Aizawl - 1 Mamit Option 1 Aizawl - TRAI, 95 km No fiber MZSD-6

Lengpui- Lengpui- USOF NE directly from
Mamit Mamit, planning Aizawal -
UG OFC Mamit
appears
neither of
BSNL nor in
USOF NE .
Therefore,
both
Underground
and aerial
connectivity
to Mamit is
required for
ring
redundancy.
53 | P a g e
Existing Section
Mizoram State
No. of district
New Sections
(MZSD Ring)
Redundancy
Reference
Reference
to District
Operator
Remarks
Name of
Ring No.
Districts
Length
Route
Ring
Aizawl - TRAI, 95km

Lengpui- USOF NE
Mamit, planning
Aerial
Fiber
7 Aizawl - 1 Kolasib Option 1 Aizawl - BSNL TRAI , Aizawl - 80 km Aizawl to MZSD-7
Kawnpui - Kawnpui - USOF Kawnpui Kolasib is
Kolasib Kolasib NE - Kolasib, existing BSNL.
plannin Areial For
g fiber redundancy
ADSS along
the same
route is
planned.
54 | P a g e
Table 5B: Mizoram State to District Equipment Planning

OFC Equipment Required
(Km) n Inter-
Ring Operato
From To Operator Remarks
No. r& U/g or
Existing New OA DXC
coiling Aerial
etc
Aizawl - Tlangnuam- 5.2 RailTel 1
Tlangnuam- Aibawk - 25 RailTel
Aibawk - Serchhip - 73.7 RailTel
MZSD 1 Serchhip - Chhingchhip 28.1 10 BSNL 1
Thingsulthlia
Chhingchhip h 34.7 BSNL
Thingsulthlia
h Aizawl 43.7 BSNL
South
44.2 1
Lunglei - Lungdai RailTel
South
36.2
MZSD 2 Lungdai Buarpui - RailTel
Buarpui - Serchhip - 64.7 RailTel 1
Serchhip - TuiChang 29.5 RailTel, BSNL
TuiChang Lunglei 129 RailTel, BSNL
Lawngtlai - Diltang S 58.2 RailTel 1
Diltang S Chawngte 30.3 RailTel
MZSD 3 Chawngte Lungsen - 101 RailTel
Lungsen - Lunglei - 61.2 RailTel
Lunglei - Tawipui- 50.2 RailTel
55 | P a g e
(Km) n Inter-
Ring Operato
No. r& U/g or
Existing New OA DXC
coiling Aerial
etc
Tawipui- Lawngtlai 32.5 RailTel
Lunglei - Lawngtlai - 82.7 RailTel
Lawngtlai - Saiha - 58 10 New 1
MZSD 4 Saiha - Sangau - 82.4 RailTel
Sangau - Hnaihthial- 62 10 New 3
Hnaihthial- Lunglei 68.5 RailTel
Thingsulthlia
Aizawl - h 43.4 BSNL, RailTel
Thingsulthlia BSNL
h Saitual - damaged
100 km
BSNL
4 BSNL
Saitual - Kawlkulh - 100 damaged
OFC
Kawlkulh - Khawzawl- 34.9 BSNL, RailTel damage
MZSD 5
Khawzawl- Champai 41.3 BSNL d
to be laid on
aerial, 207 is
road
4
distance
between the
Champai Aizawl - 207 nodes New Aerial
Aizawl - Lengpui- 35 10 u New 1
MZSD 6 Lengpui- Mamit 60 10 u New 1
Mamit Aizawl - 95.0 a New Aerial 2
MZSD 7 Aizawl - Kawnpui - 55 u BSNL
56 | P a g e
(Km) n Inter-
Ring Operato
No. r& U/g or
Existing New OA DXC
coiling Aerial
etc
Kawnpui - Kolasib 25 u BSNL
Kolasib Aizawl - 80.0 a New Aerial 1
1280.6 697.0 50.0 18 4
No. of DHQs 8
No. of DXC 4 DXC at Aizawl, Serchipp, Lunglei, lawngtlai
No. of OADM 4
No. of OA 18
57 | P a g e
Manipur
There are 9 districts in Manipur state with Imphal as its State Headquarter, which is
further divided into Imphal East and Imphal West. There are three rings planned in
Manipur to provide state to district connectivity. The details of rings along with map are
given in Table 6 below.
In the 1st ring covering Ukhrul, Imphal East & West, Senapati and Tamenglong, it is seen
that BSNL s fiber is existing and the gap from Tamenglong to Imphal West via Noney is
also partly covered under USOF NE scheme. The section where new fiber will be
required is from Nongpoh (Tamei Road) Patsoi (113 km)
In the second ring which covers Bishnupur, Churanchandrapur, Thoubal, the fiber is
either existing BSNL route or partly subsidized in planning of USOF NE, only the section
of new fiber identified is from Sangaikot Langching (7.7 km).
The Chandel district has linear connectivity on road, and while planning the District to
sub-district scheme for USOF in Manipur, BSNL existing network in Chandel was
considered. The fiber route from Chapikarong Chandel is identified as new fiber
required and already subsidized in USOF NE planning.
The respective maps are given in KML 21 to KML 23.
DWDM rings and repeater distance of 40 km is taken on new sections. The methodology
is explained in Section 4.6 Backhaul equipment planning.
58 | P a g e
Table 6A: Manipur State to District OFC ring
Redundancy
(MSD Ring)
Reference
Reference
Operator
Remarks
Manipur
Name of
Sections
Districts
State to
Existing
Section
District
district
Length
No. of
Route
S.No
New
Ring
1 Imphal East 5 Imphal Option Imphal East - BSNL TRAI Nongpoh 113 MASD-1
- Ukhrul - East,Ukhrul, 1 Ukhrul - Tadubi - (Tamei km
Tadubi - Senapati,Ta Senapati - Road) -
Senapati - menglong Tamenglong Patsoi
Tamenglon ,Imphal
g - Imphal West
West - East
Tamenglong - RailTel USOF NE
Nongpoh (Tamei Planning
road)
Patsoi - Imphal RailTel USOF NE
West - Imphal Planning
East
2 Imphal 3 Bishnupur, Option1 Imphal West - BSNL TRAI Sangaikot - 7.7 MASD-2
West - Thoubal, Bishnupur- Langching km
Bishnupur- Churachand Churanchandrap
churancha rapur ur
ndrapur -
Sangaikot -
Langching -
Kakching -
Thoubal -
Imphal East
- Imphal
West
59 | P a g e
Redundancy
(MSD Ring)
Reference
Reference
Operator
Remarks
Manipur
Name of
Sections
Districts
State to
Existing
Section
District
district
Length
No. of
Route
S.No
New
Ring
Churanchandrap RailTel USOF NE

ur - Sangaikot Planning
Langching - RailTel USOF NE
Kakching Planning
Kakching - BSNL TRAI
Thoubal -Imphal
East - Imphal
West
3 Chandel - 1 Chandel Option1 Chandel - BSNL USOF NE MASD-3
Khongjoy - Khongjoy -Palel Planning
Palel - - kakching -
kakching - Chapikarong
Chapikaron
g Chandel
Chapikarong - RailTel USOF NE Fiber cost is
Chandel Planning subsidized on
this route in
USOF NE
planning,
however no road
appears directly
from
Chapikarong -
Chandel.
Microwave
connectivity may
be possible.
60 | P a g e
TABLE 6B: Manipur State To District Equipment Planning
Manipur State to District Ring

OFC Distance Provision Equipment
OFC
(KM) Inter- Required
Ring No. From To Operator Remarks
Operator & U/g or
Existing New OA DXC
coiling etc Aerial
Imphal East - Ukhrul - 83.1 BSNL 1
- Ukhrul - Tadubi - 178 BSNL
Tadubi - Senapati - 39 BSNL
MASD 1 Senapati - Tamenglong 137 BSNL
Tamenglong Imphal West 51 113 10 u/g BSNL, New 2 Note 1
Imphal West Imphal East 15.4 Railtel
ImphalWest - Bishnupur 23.2 BSNL
Bishnupur churanchandrapur 33.9 BSNL
churanchandrapur Sangaikot - 20.1 10 Railtel 1
Sangaikot - Langching - 7.7 10 u/g New 2
MASD 2
Langching - Kakching - 29.3 Railtel
Kakching - Thoubal - 25.3 10 BSNL 1
Thoubal - Imphal East 28.3 BSNL
Imphal East Imphal West 15.5 BSNL
MASD 3 Chandel - Khongjoy - 98.4 BSNL
Khongjoy - Palel - 44.9 BSNL
Palel - kakching - 7.8 BSNL
kakching - Chapikarong 42.3 BSNL
Chapikarong Chandel 104 10 Railtel 1
Total 976.5 120.7 50 0 7 1
Note 1
61 | P a g e
No. of DHQs 9
No. of DXC 1 DXC at Imphal West
No. of OADM 8
No. of OA 7
62 | P a g e
Nagaland
The Nagaland State has 11 districts with state headquarter at Dimapur. BSNLs fiber is
reaching all the districts as appears from the NIC database and TRAI report referred. The
rings are planned to provide route diversity to all the districts with state headquarter at
Dimapur. In the four rings planned as shown in table 7 below, there are two sections where
new fiber is required are as Zunheboto Akuloto (30 km) BSNL damaged section as per
TRAI report and Mon to Longleng (84 km). Peren district is already linearly connected with
Dimapur as per NIC data; however it is also covered in USOF NE planning where it is SDHQ of
Kohima and a ring is planned through it. As per Google earth no direct road connectivity is
appearing but as fiber km is subsidized and so the selected operator for NE i.e. RailTel shall
provide connectivity on alternate media i.e. fiber or microwave.
The respective rings are given as KML 24 to KML 26 in Annexure 1.
DWDM rings and repeater distance of 40 km is taken on new sections. The methodology is
explained in Section 4.6 Backhaul equipment planning.
63 | P a g e
Table 7A: Nagaland State to District OFC Rings
District (TSD
Redundancy
Reference
Reference
Nagaland
Operator
Remarks
Name of
Ring No.
Sections
Districts
State to
Existing
Section
district
Length
No. of
Route
Ring)
New
Ring
1 Dimapur - 8 Dimapur,Ko Option 1 Entire ring BSNL TRAI, The Kipphire to NSD-1
Kohima - hima,Phek,K &RailTel NIC, Tuisang section is
Phek - ipphire,Long USOF seen existing in NIC
Kipphire - leng, NE data on BSNL and it
Tuesang - Tuesang Plannin is also partly
Longleng - ,Mokochung g subsidized in USOF
Mokochung , Wokha- NE scheme. The
- Wokha- Tuesang to Longleng
Niuland - to Mokochung is
Dimpaur also subsidized in
USOF NE Scheme.
2 Dimapur - 5 Dimapur, Option 2 Dimapur - BSNL TRAI, Zunehobot Googl 30 The Zunehoto - NSD-2
Kohima- Kohima, Kohima- NIC, o - Akuloto e map km Akuloto section
Zunehoboto Zunehoboto Zunehobot USOF exists as per USOF
- , o & NE NE planning data
Mokochung Mokochung, Akuloto - Plannig but as per TRAI
- Wokha - wokha Mokochun report (Nagaland
Niuland - g - Wokha - Map) & NIC this
Dimapur Niuland - section is damaged
Dimapur and not existing.
3 Dimapur - 4 Kohima, Option 3 Dimapur - BSNL & TRAI, Longleng Googl 84 Mon to Sonari is NSD-3
Kohima- Wokha, Kohima- RailTel NIC, to Mon e map km already subsidized
Wokha- Mokochung, Wokha- USOF in Mon planning in
Mokochung Longleng, Mokochun NE NE scheme. Rest is
- Longleng - Mon g- Plannin existing on BSNL
64 | P a g e
District (TSD
Redundancy
Reference
Reference
Nagaland
Operator
Remarks
Name of
Ring No.
Sections
Districts
State to
Existing
Section
district
Length
No. of
Route
Ring)
New
Ring
Mon- Longleng & g

Sonari- Mon-
Mariani- Gorgaon -
Golgahat- Sonari-
Dimapur Golgahat-
Dimapur
4 Kohima - 2 Kohima, Option 1 Dimapur - BSNL NIC This ring is planned
Sechu - Peren Peren in USOF NE scheme
Jalukie _ to connect Kohima
Athibung - SDHQs. And so fiber
Nsong _ is subsidized.
Tening - However if road
Peren - Pedi connectivity is not
- New Galli - possible then the
Ngwalwa - operator will have
Kohima to go for aerial fiber
or microwave. In
either way, Peren
DHQ will get
connected with
Kohima and provide
a redundant path.
65 | P a g e
TABLE 7B: Nagaland State to District Equipment Planning

(Km) n Inter-
Ring Operato
No. r& U/g or
Existing New OA DXC
coiling Aerial
etc
Dimapur - Kohima - 73.7 BSNL 1 DXC at Dimapur
Kohima - Phek - 119 BSNL
Phek - Kipphire - 138 BSNL
Kipphire - Tuesang - 125 BSNL
Tuesang - Longleng - 77.1 10 RailTel 1
NSD 1
Mokochun
Longleng - g- 95.7 RailTel
Mokochung - Wokha- 68.2 10 BSNL 1
Wokha- Niuland - 112 BSNL
Niuland - Dimpaur 30.2 BSNL
Dimapur - Kohima- 73.7 BSNL 1 DXC at Kohima
Zunehobot
Kohima- o- 142 BSNL
Zunehoboto Mokochun BSNL
NSD 2 - g- 33 30 u/g damaged
Mokochung - Wokha - 68.2 BSNL
Wokha - Niuland - 112 BSNL
Niuland - Dimapur 30.2 BSNL
Dimapur - Kohima- 73.7 BSNL
NSD 3 Kohima- Wokha- 75.9 BSNL
Mokochun DXC at
1
Wokha- g- 68.2 BSNL Mokochng
66 | P a g e
(Km) n Inter-
Ring Operato
No. r& U/g or
Existing New OA DXC
coiling Aerial
etc
Mokochung - Longleng - 95.7 BSNL 1 DXC at Longleng
Longleng - Mon- 84 10 u/g New 1
Mon- Sonari- 52.4 RailTel
Sonari- Mariani- 105 10 BSNL 1
Mariani- Golgahat- 51.8 BSNL
Golgahat- Dimapur 83.8 BSNL
Kohima - Sechu - RailTel
Sechu - jalukie _ RailTel
jalukie _ Athibung - RailTel
Athibung - Nsong _ RailTel
Nsong _ Tening - RailTel
NSD 4
Tening - Peren - RailTel
Peren - Pedi - RailTel
Pedi - New Galli - RailTel
New Galli - Ngwalwa - RailTel
Ngwalwa - Kohima RailTel
Total 1904.5 114 40 4 4
No. of DHQs 11
No. of DXC 4 DXC at Dimapur, Kohima, Longleng, Mokocheng
No. of OADM 7
No. of OA 4
67 | P a g e
Arunachal Pradesh
The Arunachal Pradesh State has 16 districts, with Itanagar as its capital. It has got difficult
terrain not all the districts can be planned in ring to have redundant routes. As Arunachal
Pradesh has difficult terrain, laying of OFC may not be afeasible option. Therefore option for
laying aerial OFC either on OPGW orADSS based technology has to be explored. The actual
requirement of Underground OFC or OPGW orADSS cable can be assessed only after a
detailed field survey.
There are 6 districts which have to be connected on linear path on fiber and route
redundancy on fiber can only be obtained by laying aerial & u/g fiber both on the same
road. These districts are Anini, Hawai, Yingkhiong, Koloriang, Bomdila & Tawang, some of
these are already considered in USOF NE planning and so fiber is subsidized under USOF NE
scheme. In the remaining new sections required are: Along Yingkiong (220 km. u/g &
aerial) and Dirang Jang (107 km)
The rest of the districts are planned with Itanagar to Tezpur ring via Assam and a sub-ring
around Tinsukia to cover Changleng & Khonsa DHQs. The details of rings are given in table 8
below.
New Sections required as analyzed using TRAI map, NIC and USOF NE & Assam Schemes
ring-wise are:
Ring for Itanagar, Ziro, Daporijo, Along, Pasghat, Roing, Tezu has following new sections
as Along Pangin (75 km), Pasighat - Dambuk (58 km)& Tezu - Parsuram Kund (45 km)
Ring for Changlang & Khonsa DHQs has new sections as: Margherita - Namtok (19 km),
Chnaglong - Khonsa (117 km) and Khonsa- Deomali (46 km) .
Ring for Seppa DHQs has new sections as : Nirjuli - Pakke keshang (102 km) , Seppa _
Bhalukpong (T point) (125 km), Bhalukpong Chariduar (31km)
DWDM rings as per the methodology explained in previous chapter under Backhaul
equipment planning.
68 | P a g e
Table 8A: Arunachal Pradesh State to District OFC Rings
Arunachal Pradesh State to District Ring Analysis
Route Redundancy
ArunachalState to
District (TSD Ring)
Name of Districts
Existing Section
No. of district
New Sections
Reference
Reference
Operator
Remarks
Ring No.
Length
Ring
1 Itanagar - Ziro - 7 Itanagar option Along - 75 km Pasight-Pangin covered in ARSD -1

Daporijo - Along - , Ziro, 1 Pangin USOF NE
pasighat - roing - Daporij,
Tezu - Tinsukia - Along,
Dibrugarh - Jorhat - Pasigha,
Tezpur - Itanagar Roing,
Tezu
Pasighat - 58 km Dambuk - Roing covered in
Dambuk USOF NE
Tezu - 45 km Parsuram Kund - Namsai
Parsuram existing
Kund
2 Itanagar - Ziro - 5 Itanagar Opt 2 Along - covered ARSD-2
Daporijo - Along - , Pangin above
pasighat-Jonai - Ziro,Dap
Dhemaji - North orijo,
lakhimpur - Nirjuli - Along,P
Itanagar asighat
69 | P a g e
Route Redundancy
ArunachalState to
District (TSD Ring)
Name of Districts
Existing Section
No. of district
New Sections
Reference
Reference
Operator
Remarks
Ring No.
Length
Ring
3 Tinsukia- Margherita 2 Changla Opt 1 Margherita - 19 km Tinsukia - Margherita covered ARSD-3

- Namtok - ng , Namtok in Assam and existing and the
Changlang - Khonsa Khonsa section Changlang to Namtok
- Deomali - is subsidized in USOF NE
Naharkatia - scheme, Namtok is SDHQ of
Tinsukia Changlang
Chnaglong - 117 km
Khonsa
Khonsa- 46km Tinsukia - Naharkatia-Deomali
Deomali exists on BSNL.
4 Roing to Anini 1 Anini Opt 1 Roing Rail USOF Roing to TRAI 204km. Assuming Railtel will lay fiber ARSD- 4
to Tel NE Anini Rep undreground under USF NE,
Anini scheme ort Aerial fiber is suggested as an
alternat epath (aerial fiber km
is subject to field survey)
5 Tezu - Hawai 1 Hawai Opt 1 Tezu Rail USOF Tezu - TRAI 161km. Assuming Railtel will lay fiber ARSD- 4
- Tel NE Hawai Rep undreground under USF NE,
Hawa scheme ort Aerial fiber is suggested as an
i
70 | P a g e
Route Redundancy
ArunachalState to
District (TSD Ring)
Name of Districts
Existing Section
No. of district
New Sections
Reference
Reference
Operator
Remarks
Ring No.
Length
Ring
6 Along - Yingkiong 1 Yingkion Opt 1 Along - Goo 110 km. ARSD- 4

g Yingkiong gle
eart
h
Along - TRAI 110 km. Because of single road is

Yingkiong Rep there both U/g & aerial is
ort suggested. Aerial length is
subject to field survey.
7 Ziro - Koloriang 1 Kolorian Opt 1 Ziro - Rail USOF Subsidized in USF NE Scheme ARSD- 4
g Kolori Tel NE in Lower Subansiri District.
ang scheme
Ziro - TRAI 164 km. Assuming Railtel will lay fiber
Koloriang Rep undreground under USF NE,
ort Aerial fiber is suggested as an
71 | P a g e
Route Redundancy
ArunachalState to
District (TSD Ring)
Name of Districts
Existing Section
No. of district
New Sections
Reference
Reference
Operator
Remarks
Ring No.
Length
Ring
8 Itanagar - Nirjuli - 1 Seppa Opt 1 Itana BS TRAI Nirjuli - 102 km ARSD 5

Pakkekeshang - gar - NL Pakke
Seppa - Bhalukpong Nirjul keshang
- Chariduar - Tezpur i
-Itanagar
Pakke Rail USOF Seppa _ 125 km

kesha Tel NE Bhalukpong
ng - scheme (T point)
Sepp
a
Chari BS TRAI, Bhalukpong 31km
duar NL USOF Chariduar
- Assam
Tezp
ur -
Itana
gar
9 Bhalukpong - 2 Bomdila option Chariduar - cove ARSD 5

Bomdila- Dirang - , 1 Bhalukpong red
Jang -Tawang Tawang abov
e
72 | P a g e
Ring No.
Ring
No. of district
Name of Districts
Route Redundancy
ng
g-
ila-
Existing Section
kpon
Tawa
Diran
Bhalu
Jang -
Bomd
Tel
Tel
Operator
Rail
Rail
NE
NE
Reference
USOF
USOF
Scheme
Scheme
New Sections
Dirang -Jang
Reference
Length
107 km
Remarks
ArunachalState to
District (TSD Ring)
73 | P a g e
TABLE 8B:Arunachal Pradesh State to District Equipment Planning
Existing Equipment
Provisio OFC
OFC Required
Distance n Inter-
New
Ring (KM) Operato Operat
From To OFC Remarks
No. r& U/g or or
(KM) OA DXC
coiling Aerial
etc
DXC at Itanagar,
Bhalukpong, Along,
112
Passighat, Tezpur and
Itanagar Ziro BSNL 1 Tinsukia
Ziro Daporijo - 159 BSNL
Daporijo - Along - 147 BSNL 1
Along -Panign (new
75 10 U/g 75km.) & Panign -
ARSD 1 Pasighat (covered in
Along - Panign New 2 USF NE
Panign pasighat - 19.5 RailTel
Pasighat - Dambuk
(New 58 km.),
58 10 U/g
Dambuk - Roing
pasighat - Dambuk New 2 (coverd in USF NE)
Dambuk roing - 24.6 RailTel
roing - Tezu - 68.2 10 BSNL 1
74 | P a g e
Existing Equipment
Provisio OFC
OFC Required
Distance n Inter-
New
From To OFC Remarks
No. r& U/g or or
(KM) OA DXC
coiling Aerial
etc
Tezu -Parsuram Kund

(New 45 km.) &
Parsuram Kund -
45 10 U/g
Namsai-Tinsukia via
Parsuram DumDuma (BSNL
Tezu - Kund New 2 Existing)
Parsuram
64
Kund Tinsukia - BSNL 1
Tinsukia - Dibrugarh - 83.5 BSNL
Dibrugarh - Jorhat 139 BSNL
Jorhat tezpur 167 BSNL 1
tezpur Itanagar 166 BSNL
Itanagar - Ziro 112 BSNL
Ziro Daporijo - 159 BSNL
Daporijo - Along - 147 BSNL
New,
94.5
Along - pasighat- RailTel 1
ARSD 2 pasighat- Jonai 35.9 BSNL
Jonai Dhemaji - 101 BSNL
North
195
Dhemaji - lakhimpur BSNL
North
41.3
lakhimpur - Nirjuli - BSNL
75 | P a g e
Existing Equipment
Provisio OFC
OFC Required
Distance n Inter-
New
From To OFC Remarks
No. r& U/g or or
(KM) OA DXC
coiling Aerial
etc
Nirjuli - Itanagar 21.2 BSNL

Tinsukia- Margherita - 63.3 BSNL 1
Margherita - Namtok - 19 10 U/g New 1
Namtok - Changlang - 26.8 Railtel
ARSD 3 Changlang - Khonsa - 117 10 U/g New 2
Khonsa - Deomali - 46 10 U/g New 1
Deomali - Naharkatia - 21.2 BSNL
Naharkatia - Tinsukia 70.4 BSNL
RailTel,
ARSD 4 204 204 Aerial
Roing Anini New 4 Note 1
RailTel,
Tezu - Hawai New 3 Note 1
U/G and
ARSD 4 220
Along - Yingkiong aerial New 5 Note 2
RailTel,
Ziro - Koloriang New 3 Note 1
Itanagar - Nirjuli - 21.2 BSNL 1 Note 1
Pakke
102 10 U/G
Nirjuli - keshang New 3
ARSD 5 Pakke
91.5 U/g
keshang Seppa - Railtel
Bhalukpong
125 10 U/g
Seppa - - New 3 1
76 | P a g e
Existing Equipment
Provisio OFC
OFC Required
Distance n Inter-
New
From To OFC Remarks
No. r& U/g or or
(KM) OA DXC
coiling Aerial
etc
Bhalukpong
31 10 U/g
- Chariduar - New 1
Chariduar - Tezpur - 26.5 BSNL
Tezpur - Itanagar 163 BSNL
Bhalukpong
98.3
- Bomdila- Railtel
Bomdila- Dirang - 33.6 Railtel 1
ARSD 5
OA(2 in new & 1 at
107 10 U/g
Dirang - Jang - New 3 jang)
Jang - Tawang 96 Railtel
Total 3297.5 1474 110 39 6
Note 1
Note 2
No. of DHQs 16
No. of DXC 6
No. of OADM 10
No. of OA 39
77 | P a g e
Sikkim
The Sikkim state has 4 districts viz. North, South, East and West Sikkim with
headquarters at Mangan, Namchi, Gangtok & Geyzing respectively. Gangtok is the state
capital. The updated data of underground fiber in Sikkim is not readily available. As per
TRAI report, the new fiber required is between Mangan to Geyshing (115km) and the
ring is formed connecting all the four districts Gangtok Namchi Geyshing Mangan
Gangtok. The same is considered for CAPEX estimation here.
The equipment planning capacity is done for the ring above with one DXC proposed at
Gangtok, 3 Optical Add Drop Multiplexers (OADMs) at the rest of three headquarters,
and 2 (Optical Amplifiers) OAs at the new fiber route (repeater distance 40 km. taken ).
78 | P a g e
Sikkim State to District Ring
Provision Equipment
OFC
New Inter- Required
Existing
Ring No. From To OFC Operator Operator Reference Remarks
OFC U/g or
(km) & coiling OA DXC
Aerial
etc
TRAI
1
Gangtok Mangan 64 BSNL Report
TRAI
115 10 2
Mangan Geyzing U/g New Report
SSD 1
TRAI
Geyzing Namchi 60 BSNL Report
TRAI
Namchi Gangtok 76 BSNL Report
200 115 10 Total 2 1
No. of DHQs 4
No. of DXC 1 DXC at Gangtok
No. of OADM 3
No. of OA 2
79 | P a g e
Details of Operator Fiber km. Existing & New
New Fiber (km.) Existing Operator Fiber (km.)

RailTel
Fiber
No.of
S.No (to be
State distric
. laid
ts
BSNL under Total
Dam RailTel USF PGCI Fiber
u/g aged Aerial BSNL Existing NE) L (km.)
3533.
1 Assam 27 158 70 6 39 - - 3800.6
1787.
2 Meghalaya 11 123 0 5 - 127 95.8 2133.3
3 Mizoram 8 265 100 382 306.1 - 974.1 - 2027.2
4 Tripura 8 76 0 673.2 - 165 - 914.2
5 Manipur 9 170.7 0 807.7 - 168.8 - 1147.2
1679.
6 Nagaland 11 124 30 0 3 - 225.2 - 2058.5
2283.
7 Arunachal 16 945 639 7 - 1013.8 - 4881.5
8 Sikkim 4 125 0 200 - - - 325
Total 94 1986.7 130 1091 5950 0 2673.9 95.8 11,927
Recommendation for North East - State To District Ring Connectivity

The analysis of state to district rings in the six NE state and Sikkim shows that mostly fiber
exists on BSNL and the rest of the sections are already funded in the USOF NE project. Some
key sections are also available on PGCIL OPGW network as given in tables above. The fiber
funded under USOF NE project is however subject to rollout completion by RailTel. To
provide the bandwidth availability at nominal rates for state to district ring connectivity in
subsidy may be provided and one of the following approach may be taken:
The existing dominant operators BSNL,RailTel and PGCIL are provided additional subsidy
on their existing sections and for new fiber and mandate the bandwidth lease at lower
tariff. The incumbent operators may sign an agreement among themselves so as make
use of the existing fiber of each other (fiber swapping / bandwidth swaping).
The factor of lease on entire existing fiber on IRU basis may be taken and including the
new fiber laying cost while calculating the subsidy and provided through tender to any
operator who provides bandwidth from state to district at reduced tariff as prescribed in
the tender. This will ensure a level playing field for all operators.
80 | P a g e
4.10 CAPITAL EXPENDITURE
North East region has generally tough terrain and subject to problems of landslide
fiber cut, and some remote places are naxal and insurgency prone area. Therefore
option for laying aerial OFC either on OPGW or ADSS based technology has to be
explored. Though per KM cost for OPGW cable is Rs 3 lakh, ADSS cable is Rs 5 lakh
and underground OFC rate varies from section to section depending on soil (rocky,
soft & hard) in NER, however, for budgetary investment requirement an average cost
of Rs 8 lakh per KM is taken. It does not include RoW, as it varies from state to state.
The estimated cost in the table below is the new fiber required to complete physical
rings required between state to state and state to district less the existing fiber
available as per NIC and TRAI report and the sections where subsidy is already
provided through USOF Assam & NE schemes for District to Sub district connectivity.
The actual requirement of Underground OFC or OPGW or ADSS cable can be
assessed only after a detailed field survey.
New OFC (km.) OFC Cost (RS)

No. of
Sl. No. State BSNL Total Cost (Rs)
Districts U/g aerial u/g aerial
Damaged
12.64 5.60 18.24

1 Assam 27 158 70
9.84 0.00 9.84
2 Meghalaya 11 123 0
29.20 30.56 59.76
3 Mizoram 8 265 100 382
6.08 0.00 6.08
4 Tripura 8 76 0
13.66 0.00 13.66
5 Manipur 9 171 0
12.32 0.00 12.32
6 Nagaland 11 124 30 0
75.60 51.12 126.72
7 Arunachal 16 945 639
10.00 0.00 10.00
8 Sikkim 4 125 0
169.34 87.28 256.62
Total 94 1987 130 1091
Note: The OFC laying cost Rs. 8 lakhs per km taken is a budgetary cost. Although the
supply cost of 24F OFC is approximately Rs. 48,000 per km but the commissioning
cost varies depending on the terrain and ROW. Hence due to difficult terrain the
supply plus commissioning cost of OFC is taken as Rs. 8 lakhs per km excluding RoW
charges. The above cost includes all taxes and duties except Octroi and local taxes.
81 | P a g e
Equipment Summary
Equipment
Equipment Cost (RS)
Quantity
Total Cost
Total Cost
Sl. No. State (in Rs
(Rs)
OA OADM DXC OA OADM DXC Crores)
6.85
1 Assam 5 24 3 2,500,000 36,000,000 30,000,000 68,500,000
2.85
2 Meghalaya 7 10 1 3,500,000 15,000,000 10,000,000 28,500,000
5.50
3 Mizoram 18 4 4 9,000,000 6,000,000 40,000,000 55,000,000
4.90
4 Tripura 6 7 1 3,000,000 6,000,000 40,000,000 49,000,000
2.55
5 Manipur 7 8 1 3,500,000 12,000,000 10,000,000 25,500,000
5.25
6 Nagaland 4 7 4 2,000,000 10,500,000 40,000,000 52,500,000
9.45
7 Arunachal 39 10 6 19,500,000 15,000,000 60,000,000 94,500,000
1.55
8 Sikkim 2 3 1 1,000,000 4,500,000 10,000,000 15,500,000
Total 88 73 21 44,000,000 109,500,000 210,000,000 363,500,000 38.90
Unit Costs In Rs
OA 500,000
OADM 1,500,000
DXC 10,000,000
Notes:
82 | P a g e
For OADM cost, it is assumed that 40 lambda ROADM costs around $ 11000 i.e. approx 7 lakh plus for dropping/adding 2 lambdas, 4 transponders are required.
The cost of each transponder is approx 1.5 lakh. Hence we assume a total cost of 15 lakh for 1 OADM for budgetary purpose. Actual cost shall be arrived
through tender process. Optical Amplifier shall wok as a regenerator and it is deployed at stations where distance between two OADMs has exceeded 40 Km.
The budgetary cost is taken as 5 lakh per OA. Digital Cross Connect (DXC) is assumed to be of 40 lambda capacity. The functionality includes OADM and Inter
district ring traffic routing. Cost is taken as Rs 1 Crore per DXC as budgetary estimate. All the above costs are inclusive of taxes and duties except Octroi and
local taxes.
83 | P a g e
4.11 OPERATING EXPENDITURE
Successful telecom business is very much about keeping operation and maintenance
costs low. Depending on network design, the maintenance and operations can be
more complex, more labor intensive, more prone to human mistakes and therefore
more costly.
With the robust growth of SDH worldwide, many O&M issues have arisen. In
particular, commissioning and maintenance of equipment is a critical issue.
Maintenance involves routine maintenance and fault locating.
4. 11.1 Operating Expenses

The operating costs depend upon the organization structure and the nature of work
carried out. The operation and maintenance has been organized under two main
heads namely Establishment & Manpower. The establishment head includes the
below listed items:
o Office Rent/ Lease.

o Electricity
o Security
o General Maintenance, Water Charges, cleaning, Miscellaneous, Staff Welfare
etc.
o Telephone, Fax, Internet, Conferencing
o Bandwidth costs for Office Operation incl. NOC
o Stationary , postage etc
o Vehicle
4.11.2 O&M manpower
O&M teams and their functions
The O&M office will administrate number of equipment and OFC maintenance
teams. O&M implies following functions/activities:
Preventive maintenance
Breakdown maintenance
Configuration/ re-configuration/ upgradation/ expansion
Arranging for shipping of defective equipment for repair
Arranging to up keep test and measuring equipment, their repair and
calibration
Periodic functional and electrical testing as required
The O&M team personnel shall also supervise and carry out acceptance testing
in rollout phase. The strategy should be for commercial utilization to begin as
84 | P a g e
soon as parts of networks are rolled out. This requires advance planning with
industry, stake-holders, and potential customers and initiate soft launch which
means running live traffic and services without charging and helps to de-bug the
equipment and processes and builds up customer confidence.
OFC team composition
The planning of OFC teams is done on basis of approximately 250 km OFC spread
per maintenance team.
Planning for 4 hour or 6 hour average restoration time in rural areas would
mean very high cost of operating expenses and about 12 hour typical restoration
time would be economically possible comprising of average 6 to 8 hour
travelling time and 4 hour splicing time subject to weather conditions and other
logistics. 6 to 8 hour travelling time implies travelling distance of 240 km approx.
Therefore Splicing technicians are planned, each supported by two semi-skilled
workmen for cable handling etc. Based on above discussion total personnel
proposed are:
Splicer 1
Workmen 2
Equipment team composition
The equipment team planning is economically done on basis of 1 team per state.
This distance is not too much considering that NOC can also do many control,
monitoring and configuration functions.
Each team will be responsible for the assigned state head quarter and the all the
districts headquarters of the state including the ring configuration.
For routine maintenance at SDH node like battery up keep, attending to power
supply faults, minor intervention in equipment it is proposed to have one
engineer/team.
Based on above the total personnel proposed are:
Dy. M/ A.M. (SDH) 1 for a state

Engineer (Diploma) - 2
Technician
85 | P a g e
Eqpt. O&M Cost/ per team
Qty. per
team Unit
per budgetary
No. Item Unit year Cost Cost / Year
Team Description:
Team for Eqpt. configuration, bandwidth provisioning end-end-end basis for customer traffic,
eqpt. O&M procedures, periodical testing, battery + power plant + earth system O&M
procedures, supporting customer in technical interconnections, maintaining SLA
1 Manpower:
1.1 Engineer (1 per team) Manmonth 12 80,000 960,000
1.2 Regular Helper Manmonth 12 15,000 180,000
Sub-total 1,140,000
2 Vehicle
2.1 New Vehicle net of resale cost (5 yr. period) set 0.2 450,000 90,000
Fuel Liters (diesel) provision for 100 Km per day and 10 Km per liter i.e. 10 liter per day
2.2 equivalent to 10x30x12 = 3600 liter Liter 3600 70 252,000
2.3 Maintenance cost provision averaged over a year incl. Spares set 100,000
2.4 Driver Manmonth 12 15,000 180,000
Sub-total 622,000
Total O&M cost excluding cost of test instruments) 1,762,000
86 | P a g e
ESTIMATED ANNUAL OFC MAINTENANCE COST PER TEAM
Qty.
per
team Unit
per budgetary
No. Item Unit year Cost Cost / Year
Team Description:
Team for OFC preventive and breakdown maintenance regular route
patrolling fully equipped with vehicle, splicing machine, OTDR,
consumables, spare joint boxes and interruption cables, FO tool box and
other accessories required.
1 Manpower:
1.1 Engineer splicer Manmonth 12 80,000 960,000
1.2 Regular Helper (semi skilled work men) Manmonth 24 15,000 360,000
1.3 Casual Labour for route works during maintenance Mandays 100 500 50,000
Sub-total 1,370,000
2 Vehicle
2.1 New Splicing Vehicle net of resale cost (5 yr. period) set 0.2 500,000 100,000
Fuel Litres (diesel) provision for 150 Km per day and 10 Km per liter i.e. 15
2.2 litre per day equivalent to 15x30x12 = 5400 liter Liter 5400 70 378,000
2.3 Maintenance cost provision averaged over a year incl. Spares set 100,000
2.4 Driver Manmonth 12 15,000 180,000

Sub-total 758,000
3 Tools and instrument
3.1 New Splicing machine cost divided over 5 yrs. period set 0.2 500,000 100,000
3.2 New OTDR cost divided over 5 yrs. period set 0.2 400,000 80,000
87 | P a g e
3.3 Splicing consummable per month set 12 200 2,400
3.4 F.O. Tool Box cost divided over 5 yr. period set 0.2 150,000 30,000
3.5 Miscellaneous accessories cost divided over 5 yrs. Period set 0.2 5,000 1,000
Sub-total 213,400
4 Spares
4.1 Spare Joint boxes no. 10 3,000 30,000
4.2 OFC (for maintenance work) Km 0 -
Total direct cost per fully equipped team 2,371,400
Recommendation on OPEX
The costs given above for OFC & Equipment maintenance team are per team annual costs. Since the new OFC planned in transmission media is
sparsely spread and is not on a continuous stretch, a separate team provisioning for maintenance of the same shall be uneconomical. In most
of the cases the dominant operator in a state shall be rolling out the incremental OFC and the existing O&M team and resources shall suffice
for the maintenance of the incremental part. The O&M costs being high in North Eastern States, adequate provisioning of this may be
considered while calculating thesubsidy component.
However, BSNL and RailTelunder USOF Assam & NE projects have already been allotted subsidy which has considered the high OPEX costs.
Therefore this shall cover the state to state & State to district portion also. As same fiber & equipment maintenance team may be used to
maintain the infrastructure.
88 | P a g e
5. COVERAGE FOR UNCOVERED NATIONAL HIGHWAYS (NH) OF NORTH
EAST STATES OF INDIA
5.1 Introduction:
Based on the TRAI Recommendations dated Sep 2013, in this chapter analysis is done for
providing 2G Coverage for uncovered NH of NE states which include Assam, Meghalaya,
Manipur, Nagaland, Tripura, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh. The state, Sikkim was also
considered for arriving at the CAPEX for the same.
The NH network in the above mentioned states is of 8480 Km in length (Reference Ministry
of Development of North Eastern Region; http://www.mdoner.gov.in/content/national-
highways). As per data available at NIC it is found that 1272 Km of the Highways has no 2G
coverage which is 15% of 8480 Km of highway. The NH no. 229 of 1090 Km length in
Arunachal Pradesh could not be located in the NIC database hence extrapolated
considering 3 Km per BTS with the assumption based on 50% area uncovered as per TRAI
report. The state wise detail of uncovered NH is given below in tabular format.
Table: 5.1
Total Uncovered No. of

Length in Length in Uncovered BTS
S.No. NH State Km Km Length in % required
1 31 Assam 322 0 0.00 0.00
2 31-A Sikkim 62 4 6.45 1.00
3 31-B Assam 19 0 0.00 0.00
4 31-C Assam 93 0 0.00 0.00
5 36 Assam 167 36 21.56 6.00
6 36 Nagaland 3 0 0.00 0.00
7 37 Assam 680 2 0.29 1.00
Arunachal
8 37 Pradesh 60 0 0.00 0.00
9 37-A Assam 23 0 0.00 0.00
10 38 Assam 54 0 0.00 0.00
11 39 Assam 115 5 4.35 1.00
12 39 Nagaland 110 6 5.45 1.00
13 39 Manipur 211 0 0.00 0.00
14 40 Meghalaya 216 0 0.00 0.00
15 44 Assam 111 0 0.00 0.00
16 44 Tripura 335 20 5.97 5.00
17 44 Meghalaya 277 6 2.17 2.00
89 | P a g e
Total Uncovered No. of
Length in Length in Uncovered BTS
S.No. NH State Km Km Length in % required
18 44-A Tripura 65 8 12.31 1.00
19 44-A Mizoram 165 16 9.70 2.00
20 51 Assam 22 0 0.00 0.00
21 51 Meghalaya 127 0 0.00 0.00
22 52 Assam 540 5 0.93 1.00
Arunachal
23 52 Pradesh 310 44 14.19 9.00
24 52-A Assam 15 0 0.00 0.00
Arunachal
25 52-A Pradesh 42 0 0.00 0.00
26 52-B Assam 31 13 41.94 3.00
Arunachal
27 52-B Pradesh 450 0 0.00 0.00
28 53 Assam 100 0 0.00 0.00
29 53 Manipur 220 97 44.09 16.00
30 54 Assam 335 70 20.90 11.00
31 54 Mizoram 515 22 4.27 4.00
32 54-A Mizoram 9 0 0.00 0.00
33 54-B Mizoram 27 8 29.63 2.00
34 61 Assam 20 0 0.00 0.00
35 61 Nagaland 220 62 28.18 10.00
36 62 Assam 5 0 0.00 0.00
37 62 Meghalaya 190 34 17.89 7.00
38 150 Nagaland 36 8 22.22 1.00
39 150 Manipur 523 114 21.80 18.00
40 150 Mizoram 141 8 5.67 1.00
41 151 Assam 14 0 0.00 0.00
42 152 Assam 40 0 0.00 0.00
43 153 Assam 20 0 0.00 0.00
Arunachal
44 153 Pradesh 40 8 20.00 1.00
45 154 Assam 110 0 0.00 0.00
46 154 Mizoram 70 20 28.57 3.00
47 155 Nagaland 125 111 88.80 17.00
48 155 Manipur 5 0 0.00 0.00
Arunachal
49 229 Pradesh 1090 545 50 109
8480 1272 15.00 233
90 | P a g e
It is mandated by TRAI that there be complete 2G coverage on the National Highway network of
the above states in North Eastern region. Bench marking of BTS requirement along with its
capacity and infrastructure cost has been studied and reported below. GSM was taken for study
as the same is wide spread in NE area however the TSPs can use CDMA technology also.
5.2 Assumptions:
The assumptions used to arrive at the CAPEX required for providing the NH 2G coverage are as
given below,
a.) Requirement of BTS are calculated irrespective of any particular operator.

b.) Though coverage are to be given on Highways but keeping in mind the topography of
North east area Highways were treated as dense forest and hilly areas where line of
sight is limited to maximum of 3.25 Km on the Highways.
c.) Cost of Land is not considered as it is understood that land will be provided by state
government.
5.3 References:
The reference documents used are,
a.) TRAI recommendations dated Sep 2013.
b.) Report on USOF scheme for uncovered villages and National Highways.
c.) The current 2G infra-structure data of various service providers available on NIC GIS
system.
d.) Cost Reference: Vendor costs, Ministry of Renewable energy and BSNL tender No
CA/NOW-CM/LWE-BSS/T-445 for setting up of 2G infrastructure.
5.4 Methodology:
The GIS data was studied and analyzed and based on design guidelines the numbers of site
were arrived at.
BSS planning
While planning low power BTS (micro BTS) were consider as power requirement is the key
factor for areas without grid power. BTS was categorized as per coverage and population
followed by antenna height and wattage rating of TRX. Limitation of DOT for maximum
radiation of 43 dBm was taken care and thus distance was limited to 3.25 KM (each side) at
maximum in the topography of North East was the main constraint for small distance coverage.
For radio propagation calculation Okumura-Hata model (GM 900MHz) of dense forest and
inside the vehicle signal strength was considered. Other parameters were taken as standards
followed for link budget calculation. In cases where backhaul on microwave is required, to get
91 | P a g e
Line of sight (LOS) the tower location need to be shifted away from the target population. The
minimum TRX power of 5 Watt is taken in such cases as against the ideal need of 2Watt TRX
power, so as to cover the village even from a distance. The actual survey shall decide the TRX
power and where ever possible TRX power radiation may be reduced below 5 watt so as to
avoid unnecessary radio radiation. For all types of BTS, nos. of TRX was calculated keeping
GPRS/EDGE provision of at least 128 Kbps. Below given are the BTS categories with respect to
Antenna height and TRX watt rating. For deriving required TRX value for a particular site
following are assumed.
1. GoS (Grade of Service) = 2%.

2. Call rate= 100 calls per hour in TCBH.
3. Erlang required= average of 25 milli Erlang per call.
4. Erlang table B used for channel calculation.
Table-5.2
S. No. BTS Type No. of TRX TRX Watt- Coverage in km Km for

Define Rounded off Antenna- 30 meter
1 A 2 5 2
2 B 2 10 3.25
Note: The above categories are derived using Okumura-Hata radio propagation model for
900MHz GSM considering Dense forest, considering actual design criteria.
For BSC planning micro BSCs ware considered for lesser power requirement and portable size.
Such BSCs have upto 50 TRX capacity and can be easily commissioned at remote sites like NE
area. Cost of BSC along with its power requirement have been build up on BTS cost on per TRX
basis. Similarly cost of OMC-R is also build upon BTS cost. There is no need for a separate NOC
to be established.
Table-5.3
Numbers of BSC (50 TRX

S. No. BTS Type Numbers of BTS
capacity)
1 A 144 6
2 B 89 4
92 | P a g e
Antenna requirement are to be decided after site finalization. Hence in all the above BTS types
antenna may be Omni, Directional or Sectorial type depending on the tower location. Such
design can be implemented by using splitters as required. Site survey along with feasibility
study will decide the exact tower location which in return will decide the actual antenna height
and required TRX radiation power. Issues like land acquisition, statutory permissions, views of
inhabitants will also influence for site location feasibility study.
Back haul channel

Back haul channel requirements have also been shown in analysis result. As TRX requirement is
limited to 4 nos. at a site, hence dedicated E1 connectivity is not recommended for a single site.
Moreover on highways E1 is available in plenty hence connectivity of BTS with nearby BSC will
not be a problem. Also it is found that absence of any operators 2G services is not more than a
25Km in a single stretch. Hence only the last mile optical cable laying may be required. Thus in
cost estimate we have taken cost of one splicing point and 1 KM of optical cable laying, so as to
reach the nearest POP.
Power calculation
Power calculation was made based on Battery (with 3 days autonomy), Solar and Diesel
Generator set. Use of Renewable Energy Technology (RET) Solar is taken as mandatory at all
locations. In India the annual global solar radiation is about 5 KWh/ sqm per day with about
2300-3200 sun-shine hours per year. Solar radiations represent the earths most abundant
energy source. The perennial source of solar energy provides unlimited supply, has no negative
impact on the environment. The solar photovoltaic (PV) modules convert solar radiation from
the sun into electrical energy in the form of direct current (DC). Converting solar energy into
electricity is the answer to the mounting power problems in the rural areas especially for
remote areas of North East region of India. Solar Photovoltaic Cells (SPV) system gives quality
power out-put of 48 volt DC to charge directly the storage battery or provide direct power to
telecom installations. BTS will be powered through battery and the charging of the battery will
be made with a combination of both Solar and DG set, solar being the first preference. It is
recommended to use Tubular GEL VRLA batteries as they provide better performance under the
partial state of charge having slow rate of discharge performance ideally suits rural applications.
To make auto switching and load shearing cost of Charge Control Unit (CCU) with inbuilt SMPS
Rectifier, Solar Junction Box, Remote Monitoring and cable cost (both AC/DC) were taken.
Below table shows power requirement based on BTS types:
93 | P a g e
Table: 5.4 Power Requirements Based On BTS Types
Solar
Battery- DG Set-
S. TRX Power BTS power-
BTS Type Single unit Single Unit
No. ratting Wattage Single Unit
AH Watt KVA
1 A 5 150 417 1333 0.69

2 B 10 200 521 1667 0.87
Infrastructure
Under infrastructure category Tower are all considered to be Mast/ Pole tower of 30 meters.
For hilly area of North East region erection of angular tower are time consuming and difficult
job. In most of the cases the effective tower height will depend on the tower construction site
altitude with respect to the target area to be covered. For costing purpose angular tower was
consider in comparison to tubular tower as the same is more rigid and suitable for hilly areas.
Its recommended that tower design should be based on TEC GRs or as per design approved
from an organization like Structural Engineering Research Centre (SERC)/ TEC/ IITs for structural
fitness, safety, load bearing capacity, ability to withstand wind speed etc. along with antenna
cost, cost of shelter along with fencing cost was consider for calculation of overall
infrastructure cost.
Other cost like transportation, Commissioning and Installation cost was also included in the
CAPEX estimation.
System configuration
The system uses centralized power plant, battery bank, SPV and diesel generator set. All these
are centrally controlled by a Charge Control Unit (CCU) for optimal powering utilization of
systems and charging of the battery bank. The CCU ensures smooth operation of the overall
powering arrangement without any manual intervention. Its design will ensure optimal energy
transfer from the SPV system using MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) technique and
automatic switching on/off of DG set on the basis of battery charge condition. For design
purpose, Depth of Discharge (DoD) for the battery is taken as 80% of its capacity and the DG set
is consider to trigger only when battery is discharged below 40% of its capacity. Such
combination will make optimum uses of diesel and hence cost saving along with lower level of
pollution is taken care off.
94 | P a g e
A schematic diagram of system design:
SMP BTS
S
GEN
Sol
ar Solar
CCU Jun Photo
BATTER ctio
Voltaic
n
Y BANK Box (SPV)
Module
5.5 BTS Cost Details
Bellow given cost components per site. The components are divided in to five category.
1. BTS with antenna, feeder cable and BSC with OMC-R

2. Power
Battery (3 days Autonomy)
Solar (6 hrs. sunshine)
Diesel Generator
3. Tower (30 meter)
4. Backhaul (OFC)
5. Miscellaneous Items like Transportation, Site preparation, Installation etc
Table: 5.5 Cost Break Up
Description Cost in INR Cost in INR

BTS conf. 2 of 5 watt 2 of 10 watt
BTS Category A B
BTS with Antenna along with BSC & OMC-R 350,000 455,000
95 | P a g e
BTS Category A B
Power
Battery with Racks, connector and other
330, 000 375,000
accessories
Solar power system with civil works,
400,000 520,000
Racks, connector and other accessories
Charge Control unit (CCU) 300,000 500,000
DG Set (For emergency charging) 100,000 150,000

BTS conf.
2 of 5 watt 2 of 10 watt
BTS Category A B
Tower
Mast/ Pole (SERC Approved Design)
650,000 900,000
erecting with all civil works
Back haul Cost
OFC per KM with one splicing joint for 1
800000 800000
Km
Description for miscellaneous items Cost in INR Cost in INR

BTS Category A B
Cables and accessories like AC/DC Cable+

100,000 200,000
Earthing+ HDPE PIPES
Shelter cost 10'x10' feet, fiber block
200,000 250,000
roofing, Fencing etc
Transportation 250,000 325,000
Commissioning & Installation 200,000 250,000
Any other items 100,000 100,000
96 | P a g e
5.6 Result analysis:
Result of the highway 2G coverage study shows that a total of 233 nos. of BTS are
required for a complete 2G coverage on the national Highways of North east region.
Table- 5.6 Highway Details
S.No. Latitude Longitude BTS type

NAGALAND
NH- 61 26.715574 94.631463
25.669597 94.105908
1 26.411369 94.607263 B
2 26.375695 94.574304 B
3 26.211471 94.476101 B
4 26.073418 94.536042 B
5 25.976754 94.509938 B
6 25.947586 94.488058 B
7 25.869713 94.437512 B
8 25.670663 94.229216 B
9 25.681652 94.205010 B
10 25.643576 94.164527 B
NH-155 26.310165 94.509362
25.558211 94.310467
1 26.270678 94.520853 B
2 26.259220 94.556569 B
3 26.275764 94.589364 B
4 26.271344 94.635194 B
5 26.220381 94.620603 B
6 26.179597 94.814408 B
7 26.200142 94.870048 B
8 26.190651 94.899212 B
9 26.113394 94.875786 B
10 26.043559 94.887617 B
11 26.025348 94.866734 B
12 26.009861 94.843433 B
13 25.948819 94.784488 B
14 25.618491 94.504968 B
15 25.614844 94.481597 B
97 | P a g e
16 25.592371 94.429457 B
17 25.581049 94.339473 B
NH-150 25.664771 94.193775
25.516722 94.298526
1 25.522228 94.324362 B
NH-39 25.919229 93.730024
25.520530 94.132314
1 END POINT B
NH-36 NA
MANIPUR
NH-155 NA
NH-39 25.516306 94.133488
24.251596 94.299266
1 NA
NH-150 25.501242 94.290853
24.2387 93.026877
1 25.482399 94.345298 B
2 25.499395 94.391735 B
3 25.459375 94.485784 B
4 25.425879 94.513674 B
5 25.387496 94.534569 B
6 25.34467 94.534658 B
7 25.289749 94.482604 B
8 25.245168 94.453061 B
9 25.178340 94.409332 B
10 25.027647 94.315224 B
11 24.342952 93.49483 B
12 24.345112 93.430661 B
13 24.313206 93.357706 B
14 24.268679 93.230479 B
15 24.261946 93.158679 B
16 24.247073 93.133861 B
17 24.243165 93.07532 B
18 24.230953 93.039775 B
NH-53 24.807815 93.11565
24.806911 93.933898
A
1 24.789444 93.191929 A
A
98 | P a g e
2 24.816757 93.245782 B
3 24.795891 93.256981 B
4 24.720016 93.263082 B
5 24.764405 93.297788 B
6 24.765809 93.366949 B
7 24.756998 93.389096 B
8 24.788723 93.459741 B
9 24.849604 93.497806 B
10 24.825948 93.522193 B
11 24.813812 93.552753 B
12 24.786426 93.697418 B
13 24.787162 93.73375 B
14 24.790115 93.770396 A
SIKKIM
NH-31A 27.499303 88.534033
27.174299 88.530006
1 27.455633 88.527156 A
ASSAM
NH-31, Full
31B,31C and Coverage
152
NH-52 26.344631 91.728645
27.840254 95.221156
1 27.566324 94.807196 A
NH-52B 27.488535 94.91967
27.557486 95.200677
1 27.518482 94.984111 B
2 A
27.539217 95.093334
3 A
NH-37 26.196037 90.562799
27.85666 95.765027
1 27.801066 95.665461 A
NH-39 26.630534 93.727232
25.923767 93.731125
1 26.580338 93.809158 A
NH-36 26.347361 92.684977
25.904133 93.680758
1 92.937044 26.13674 B
99 | P a g e
2 A
26.002664 93.318046
3 A
4 25.966028 93.497253 B
5 25.958112 93.583098 B
16 25.923226 93.626357 B
NH-54 26.111991 92.865145
24.5216 92.76362
1 25.868389 93.053627 B
2 25.851397 93.086242 B
3 25.828223 93.088645 B
4 25.799171 93.132934 B
5 25.696109 93.128272 B
6 25.573052 93.09068 B
7 25.417237 93.128468 B
8 25.342986 93.134593 B
9 A
25.071314 92.892951
10 A
11 24.549958 92.774034 B
NH
151,44,154,37A,38,
51,53,61,52A,62,15 Full
3 Coverage
ARUNACHAL
PRADESH
NH-52 27.870731 95.30964
27.639032 95.801003
1 A
28.20175 95.549143
2 A
3 A
28.180497 95.649912
4 A
5 A
28.131737 95.734946
6 A
7 27.99369 95.94423 B
8 27.909907 95.946049 B
9 27.772683 95.979286 B
NH-153 27.356884 95.998439
27.247668 96.152907
1 27.317689 96.05384 B
100 | P a g e
NH-37, 52A and
52B Full
Coverage
TRIPURA
NH-44 24.432164 92.248105
23.034874 91.721462
1 24.402517 92.240864 B
2 A
23.945081 91.957607
3 A
4 A
23.896513 91.765481
5 A
NH-44A 23.996952 91.993907
23.828442 92.049031
1 23.896217 92.003289 B
MEGHALAYA
NH-51 25.897416 90.518933
25.204016 90.227755
NH-62 25.906588 90.775118
25.251987 90.632137
1 25.833805 90.77935 B
2 25.721243 90.822411 B
3 A
25.580916 90.72915
4 A
5 A
25.390483 90.680837
6 A
7 25.259075 90.642601 A
NH-44 25.515039 91.26678
25.047189 92.441075
1 A
25.084508 92.418416
2 A
NH-40 26.041368 91.867722
25.440649 92.196739
MIZORAM
NH-44A 23.934599 92.367956
23.754364 92.728925
1 23.915062 92.380443 B
2 23.892135 92.576601 B
NH-54 24.519931 92.763053
22.313239 93.026366
101 | P a g e
1 22.894255 92.862649 B
2 A
22.396852 92.95899
3 A
4 22.397127 93.013451 B
NH-54A 22.907586 92.470421
22.85134 92.791104
NH-150 24.215581 92.54903
24.047185 92.670495
1 24.12733 92.613086 B
NH-154 24.232578 93.018491
23.734254 92.847331
1 24.22776 92.990954 B
2 24.151563 92.941877 B
3 23.936805 92.92737 B
NH-54B 22.466569 92.955412
22.487111 92.984337
1 22.470932 92.96668 A
2 22.490286 92.952482 A
Note: For NH no. 229 of 1090 Km in Arunachal Pradesh 50% is uncovered and for the same 109 BTS of
type A is considered.
The above table shows the National highways running in states of North East and the type of
BTSs required for seamless 2G coverage on the highways with the latitude & longitude details.
All highways are covered with BTS of two categories: A & B. The BTS details with its antenna
height, number of TRX and sector requirements is given in a table above. The cost reference
taken and break down item wise is shown below. As power supply is difficult to have at the
sites hence total power requirement is also shown in the table. Battery autonomy is taken for 3
days irrespective of BTS type. Capacity of battery was calculated made considering solar and
diesel generator set to be as backup for battery charging where solar charging will be given
priority over DG set. On an average sunshine was considered to be for 6 hours a day and the
Depth of Discharge (DoD) for the battery is taken as 80%. Battery when discharge below 40% of
its capacity will trigger the DG set provided that there is no solar charging available at that
moment. Such circuit design is possible through DCPDB board and automatic change over
switch.
Cost of sites with respect to BTS type and total number of BTS types is given below.
102 | P a g e
Table- 5.7
Battery- Solar DG Set-

WATT-Rounded off
km. for 30 meter
Total numbers of
Total numbers of
Single unit power- Single
BTS Wattage
Single Unit Unit

No of TRX
BTS Type
Cost of
Antenna
S. No.
BSC
BTS
Unit Site with
Cost of respect to
Site in BTS Type
Lakh in Rs
AH Watt KVA INR crores
1 A 5 2 1+1 150 144 6 417 1333 0.69 37.80 54.43
2 B 10 3.25 1+1 200 89 4 521 1667 0.87 48.25 42.94
Total Cost Estimate (In Rs. Crore)

97.37
Total cost comes out to be INR 97.37 Crore for 233 no. of sites.
103 | P a g e
5.6 Key Observation:
It is observed that due to non availability of power source in remote areas of North East
highways the cost per site increases many folds. It may be observed that the cost of BTS
is only some 10% of site cost. The maximum of the cost is contributed by power system
having both solar and DG sets. Hence BTS power rating would be a key factor on the
overall budget estimation. It is suggested to go for low power micro BTS instead of
conventional BTS though it cost little higher. This in return will save more on the power
back up part and thus will be a better feasible solution for sites with very low return on
investment (ROI).
5.7 Recommendation
In addition to the CAPEX above, there is a huge recurring investment required to
maintain this infra structure in the form of Fiber and equipment maintenance. As the
North eastern Region has tough terrain and currently the tele-density is low, operators
do not see a lucrative business model or rate of return in this part of the country
because of the gap in huge investment of capital and operational expenses vis--vis the
revenue earned. Therefore there is a need to cover operating costs also; this will
encourage operators to provide keep providing services in NER.
The CAPEX as estimated above for the BTS deployment on uncovered highway may be
funded by USOF. This will encourage operators to establish infrastructure. As OPEX is
also very high in NER, the same can be factored by taking the net revenue (i.e. Revenue
OPEX) while calculating the subsidy. On an average OPEX per year is taken as 20% of
capex cost. Such cost includes AMC costs, manpower, drive test and optimization,
regular site maintenance, diesel etc cost. It is to mention in earlier schemes of USOF,
passive sharing of towers is mandated. However, as per current guidelines active sharing
of RAN is also allowed and the main advantage of this technology is the reduction in
CAPEX and OPEX as both active and passive component is shared by operators. The
subsidy calculation to fund the gap may consider this technology and mandate the
active sharing of RAN.
104 | P a g e
6. Annexure
Annexure I: Graphical Representation of Rings on Google Maps
Annexure II: Data of Existing OFC of Various Operators
Annexure III: Details of Fiber Km of TCIL & TRAI
105 | P a g e
Annexure III: Details of Fiber Km of TCIL & TRAI
S.No. State TCIL OFC km. TRAI OFC km. CAPEX (Rs cr.)
1 Assam 158 (u/g) 902 km
70 (aerial)
25.09
1 Meghalaya 123 (u/g) 296 12.69
2 Tripura 76 (u/g) 45 10.98
3 Mizoram 382 (aerial) 743 (aerial)
265 (u/g) 460 (u/g)
100 (damaged) 65.26
4 Manipur 171 (u/g) 201 (u/g)
70 (microwave) 16.21
5 Nagaland 124 km(u/g) 329 (km)
30 km. 43km(microwave)
(damaged)
17.57
6 Arunachal 845 km. (u/g) 1724 km(u/g)
Pradesh
639 km(aerial) Satellite on 6
links
136.17
7 Sikkim 125 km 115 km 11.55
Total 295.52
106 | P a g e

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DETAILED PROJECT REPORT

TELECOM INFRASTRUCTURE AUGMENTATION

IN NORTH EASTERN STATES

TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONSULTANTS INDIA LTD.

(A Govt. of India Enterprise)

TCIL Bhawan, Greater Kailash - I, New Delhi - 110 048.

Telephone: 011 - 26202020 Fax: 011 - 26242266

New OFC (km.) OFC Cost (Rs. Cr.)

CAPEX for Equipment

Total Cost (in Rs

B. ESTIMATED CAPEX for 2G Highway

Battery- Solar DG Set-

Single power- Single

unit Single Unit Unit Cost Cost of Site

Total Cost Estimate (In Rs. Crore)

1. BTS with BSC and OMC-R (micro equipment)

C. Comparison with TRAI Report:

Chapter 2 defines the structure of the report.

However, in respect of growing tele-density, the urban-rural divide continues. The

3.2 The Bandwidth Bottle-Neck

The existing networks are undergoing upgradation/expansion by the various operators

The solution to inadequate capacity mentioned above, is to deploy appropriate

Other Challenges in rolling out Telecom Network in North East

b. Active Infrastructure sharing

Sharing of passive infrastructure is already taking place between Mobile Service

Item of Site CAPEX (%)

Real Estate 28%

Labor cost/civil/ installation 30%

Base Station 22%

Antenna & feeder 10%

Item of Site OPEX (%)

Others incl. power consumption 18%

Factors supporting Shared RAN

Government Teledensity outlook:

Pressure for cost reduction:

Entry of new players and expansion plans of existing operators:

3.4 USOF Support

4.2 Status of Existing USOF Schemes in North East

Status of Project Scheme/ Project Current Status

4.4 Methodology of Incremental Fiber Requirement for Ring Completion:

4.5 Details of existing Optical Fiber infra-structure:

Effect of Existing USOF Scheme

State to State & State to District Ring Design

4.7 North Eastern Region Connectivity with rest of India

Redundant Connectivity of Guwahati with Rest of India (Chicken Neck)

Traffic Routing of North East State And Assam through Kolkata

4.8 State to State OFC Connectivity

S. State Ring Proposed new OFC Operator Presence Reference Remarks

This is also to mention that

The referenced KML files are placed in Annexure-1

S.No State to State CAPEX Operator Presence

4.9 State to District Physical Ring Planning

1) Dhemaji to Dibrugarh (70 km) - This is subject to completion of bridge on

2) Silchar to Diphu - On this section, in parts BSNL(Silchar to Udarband existing),

The capacity enhancement of these rings is done by equipment planning on 40 lambda,

OFC Distance Provisio Equipment

145 1 DXC at Guwahati,

47.5 RailTel, OIL & PGCIL

201 RailTel, OIL & PGCIL

70 2 aerial km. subject to

OFC Distance Provisio

Option Agartala- BSNL, USOF NE

OFC Distance Provisi Equipment

3 Lawngtlai - 2 Lunglei, Option 1 USOF NE RailTel USOF NE Planning Ring 3 is MZSD-3