phu dh ^pqukSrh*

vkSj
gekjk dkZO;

lg;ksx jkf'k
10@&:-

iqLrd izkfIr LFkku%

Lons'kh tkxj.k eap
/keZ{ks=] fkokfDr eafnj] lsDVj&8] vkj-ds-iqje~] ubZ fnYyh&22
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 phuh oLrqvksa ds cfg"dkj ds 10 dkj.k
1- gekjk 190 ns'kkas ls O;kikj gS] mlesa lcls cM+k Trade partner phu gks
x;k gSA mlesa Hkh Hkkjr ls phu dks dsoy 9 fcfy;u MkWyj dk lkeku
tkrk gS vkSj phu ls vkrk gS&61-8 fcfy;u MkWyj] ;kuh 52-8 fcfy;u
dk ?kkVk fr o"kZ] tks :i;ksa esa curk gS & 3542 vjc :i;sA
2- gekjs dqy fons'kh ?kkVs dk 44 izfr'kr vdsys phu ls gSA ;fn isVk y s dks
vyx j[ksa tks phu ls vkrk gh ugha rks 60 izfr'kr ls vf/kd dk ?kkVk gSA
3- Hkkjh lfClfM;ka nsdj] ogka ds fdlkuksa] etnwjksa dk 'kks"k.k dj] i;kZoj.k
dk fouk'k dj] xq.kokk dh mis{kk dj vR;f/kd ek=k esa mRikn dj
phu lLrk eky Hkkjr Hkstrk gS] blls gekjs m|ksx cUn gks jgs gSA
4- blls jkstxkj [kRe gks jgs gSaA gekjs y?kq o e/;e m|ksx can gksus ls xr
15 o"kksZa esa yk[kksa ukSdfj;ka phu pyh xbZ gaSA gesa viuk jkstxkj okfil
ykuk gSA
5- gekjs O;kikj esa ck/kk Mkyus ds fy, phu NSG (Nuclear Supplier
Group) eas gekjk izos'k ugha gksus ns jgkA
6- ikfdLrku dks vkradokn QSykus ds fy,] gj varjkZ"Vh; eap ij lg;ksx
dj jgk gSA geus Indus water treaty dh leh{kk dh] rks phu us Hkkjr
dh tsdksck cziq= unh dk ikuh can dj fn;kA
7- :l o ikfdLrku dks lkFk ysdj rkfycku vkarfd;ksa dks vQxkfuLrku
gekjk fe= ns'k esa fQj [kM+k djus esa yxk gSA tS'k&,&eksgEen o
mlds ljxuk elwn vtgj dks varjkZ"Vh; vkradh ?kksf"kr ugha djus ns
jgkA
8- 1962 ls gekjh 43000 oxZ fdeh- txg ij dCtk dj cSBk gSA ml le;
gekjs 3080 toku 'kghn gq,A
9- vc Hkh v:.kkpy lfgr 90000 oxZ fdeh Hkwfe ij nkok dj jgk gSA gj
vk, fnu phu ds lSfud gekjh lhek esa ?kqliSB dj gesa ijs'kku djrs gSAa
10- phu lnSo Hkkjr dks pkjksa rjQ ls ?ksjus o IkM+kslh ns'kkas dks gekjs
f[kykQ [kM+k djus esa yxk jgrk gSA ikfdLrku esa rks 3120 vjc :i;s
dk cM+k vkfFkZd HkqxkSfyd xfy;kjk CPEC (China-Pakistan
Economic Coridor) Hkkjr ds fojks/k ds ckotwn cuk jgk gSA

gekjh vkfFkZd mUufr] lhekvksa dh lqj{kk o jkstxkj dh c<+ksrjh ds

fy, cgqr t:jh gks x;k gS fd ftl izdkj geus xr nhikoyh ij gj
phuh oLrq dk cfg"dkj fd;k] Bhd mlh izdkj bls pk;uht+
cfg"dkj yxkrkj tkjh j[kk tk,A
 ^phu dh pqukSrh vkSj gekjk dkZO;*
& lrhk dqekj

fiz; cguksa] Hkkb;ksa-------- vkt ge Lons'kh vkanksyu ds orZeku

lanHkZ esa ckr dj jgs gSaA xr o"kZ nhikoyh ij laiw.kZ Hkkjr us ,d Lor%LQwrZ
Lons'kh vkanksyu ns[kk gSA lc rjQ pk;uht+ eky ds cfg"dkj dh ,d izcy
ygj u dsoy ns[kh o vuqHko dh xbZ vfirq izR;{k O;kid vlj Hkh bldk
fn[kkA ;g vkanksyu dsoy Lons'kh oLrqvksa dk mi;ksx o pkbuht+ oLrqvksa ds
cfg"dkj ds ckjs esa gh ugha gS] vfirq lkjs Hkkjrh;ksa dh lksp o eu ,d gS]
bldk Hkh ;g izek.k gS! pkgs gfj;k.kk gks ;k rfeyukMw] Hkkjr dk ;qok eu
,d tSlk lksprk gSA lc rjQ ,d tSlh Hkkouk gSA fiNys fnuksa rfeyukMw
ds f=fp 'kgj dh cM+h ;wfuoflZVh ^Hkkjrhnkle~* esa tkuk gqvkA os fgUnh ugha
le>rs] fdarq phuh oLrqvksa ds cfg"dkj esa mkj Hkkjr tSls gh gkFk lHkh 150
fo|kfFkZ;ksa us [kM+s fd,A mkj] nf{k.k] iwoZ] if'pe lkjk Hkkjr bl eqs ij ,d
tSlk fn[kkA eSaus Hkkjr esa lHkh txg ij ckrphr dh] D;ksafd bl le; ij
;g tks pkbuht oLrqvksa ds u [kjhnus dk vkanksyu gS] blesa Lons'kh lh/ks rkSj
ij tqM+k gSA fnYyh eas ckrphr dh] >kj[kaM ds yksxksa ls ckrphr dh] iatkc o
xqtjkr ds yksxksa ls ckrphr dh vkSj dsoy ckrphr gh ugha rks lks'ky
ehfM;k esa Hkh rks ;gh lc py jgk FkkA fQj dsoy blds vk/kkj ij gh ugha]
vfirq 'kks/k fjiksVsaZ Hkh ;gh vkadMs+ ns jgh gSaA VkbEl vkWQ bafM;k o CywecxZ ds
lanHkZ ls Nih fjiksVksaZ ds vuqlkj Hkkjr ds vyx&vyx jkT;ksa esa 20 izfr'kr
ls ysdj 70 izfr'kr rd pkbuht+ lkeku dh [kjhnnkjh ij udkjkRed
izHkko iM+k gSA n U;w bafM;u ,Dlizsl] nSfud HkkLdj] nSfud tkxj.k o vU;
lekpkj i=ksa us Hkh ,slh gh fjiksVZsa Nkih gSaA CAIT (Confederation of All
India Traders) ds losZ Hkh ,slk gh lc crk jgs gSaA pkbuht oLrqvksa ds
izfrjks/k ds bl vkanksyu dks iwjs Hkkjr esa oSlk gh egRo o Lohdk;Zrk feyh gS
tSlh xka/kh th ds Lons'kh vkanksyuksa dks feyh FkhA ;|fi ml le; ij bl
izdkj dh jsfVax o vkadM+sa ugha Fks] ysfdu tks vke vknfe;ksa dh Hkkouk,a ml
le; Fkha] oSlh gh bl ckj izdV gqbZ gSaA

1
Lons'kh tkxj.k vkSj bldh vko';drk
bl Lons'kh vkanksyu esa lkjk Hkkjr ,der jgkA Lons'kh vkanksyu
dks tks cM+h lQyrk bl pkbuht+ okys fo"k; ij feyh gS] bldk dkj.k D;k
gS\ Lons'kh tkxj.k eap }kjk vkjaHk fd;k gqvk vfHk;ku ;k dqN vkSjA blds
dbZ vU; dkj.k Hkh gSA D;ksafd dksbZ Hkh vkanksyu ,sls gh ugha mBrk] mlds
vkfFkZd] lkekftd] lqj{kkRed vusd dkj.k gksrs gSaA D;ksafd Lons'kh tkxj.k
eap rks dbZ o"kksZa ls bl fo"k; ij yxkrkj dke dj jgk gSA tu&Tokj blh
o"kZ gh mBkA ,d cM+k dkj.k ;g gqvk fd mM+h tEew&dehj dh vkradoknh
?kVuk ds ckn phuh ljdkj ds tks oDrO; vk, vkSj ftl <ax ls phu us
ikfdLrku vkSj mlds vkradoknh laxBuksa dks leFkZu fn;k] mlls phu dk
eUrO;] Hkkjr ds izfr] fcYdqy Li"V gks x;k gSA ,u-,l-th- (Nuclear
Suplier Group) esa phu Hkkjr dh lnL;rk dk igys ls fojks/k dj gh jgk gSA
tcfd phu dks Hkkjr dh lnL;rk ls dksbZ uqdlku ugha gS] u ikfdLrku dks
gSA phu ds bl fojks/kh joS;s ds dkj.k yksxksa ds eu esa phu ds izfr tks
ukjkt+xh dk Hkko Fkk] oks tu vkanksyu eas cny x;kA

Hkkjr vkSj phu ds O;kikfjd laca/k % Hkkjh ?kkVk] cM+k vkfFkZd ladV!
lqj{kk laca/kh fo"k;ksa ds vykok ge ns[ksa rks phu ds lkFk gekjh
O;kikfjd fLFkfr D;k gS\ bl le; Hkkjr dk dqy 190 ns'kksa ds lkFk
O;kikfjd laca/k gSA Hkkjr dk dqy varZjk"Vh; O;kikj 640 vjc MkWyj dk gSA
blesa fu;kZr 261-1 fcfy;u Mkyj o vk;kr 379-6 fcfy;u Mkyj dk gSA
o"kZ 2015&16 eas Hkkjr dks varjkZ"Vh; O;kikj esa 118-5 fcfy;u MkWyj dk
?kkVk vk;kr&fu;kZr?kkVk gqvkA ?kkVs ds dkj.kksa dks le>uk Hkh vR;ar
egRoiw.kZ gS fd gj lky Hkkjr dks ;g ?kkVk D;ksa gks jgk gS vkSj gj lky ;g
?kkVk c<+rk D;ksa tk jgk gSA O;kikj fd;k tkrk gS ykHk ds fy,A fQj ,sls
dkSu ls dkj.k ;k uhfr;k gSa ljdkj dh] tks varjkZ"Vh; O;kikj fujUrj ?kkVs
esa tk jgk gSA D;ksafd uhfr;k rks vc Hkh ogh py jgh gSa] tks iwoZorhZ ljdkjksa
dh FkhaA rks gekjs 640 fcfy;u MkWyj ds dqy O;kikj esa ls 118-5 fcfy;u
MkWyj dk gesa O;kikj ?kkVk gks jgk gSA mlesa Hkh cM+h ckr ;g gS fd O;kikj
laca/kh uhfr;ksa esa vHkh Hkh dksbZ cM+k cnyko ugha gqvk gSA fu;kZr c<+rs ugha
fn[k jgsA pk;uht+ vk;kr c<+us ls gekjh QSfDV;ka can gks jgh gSaA
blls csjkstxkjh c<+ jgh gSA
gekjk tks lcls cM+k vk;kr gS og iSVksfy;e mRiknksa dk gS] cfYd
dPps rsy dk gSA ftls wM vkW;y dgrs gSaA vkSj bl le; varjkZ"Vh; cktkj
2
esa iSVksy dh dher dkQh de gSA yxHkx 42 MkWyj izfr cSjyA Hkkjr lcls
T;knk vk;kr iSVksfy;e dk djrk gS tks dqy vk;kr dk yxHkx 26 izfr'kr
gS vkSj bl iSVksfy;e mRiknksa eas phu ls dqN ugha vkrkA ;g [kkM+h ns'kksa ls
vkrk gSA jf'k;k] vhdk] ukbt+hfj;k vkfn ls vkrk gSA ;kfu Hkkjrh; vk;kr
rsy dk cM+k fgLlk vU; ns'kksa ds lkFk gS] phu ls ugha] fQj Hkh phu ds lkFk
gekjk O;kikfjd ?kkVk 52-8 fcfy;u MkWyj gS ;kfu dqy ?kkVs dk yxHkx 44
izfr'krA 2015&16 esa phu ds lkFk Hkkjr us dqy O;kikj fd;k 71-6 fcfy;u
MkWyj dk vkSj mlesa ls 61-8 fcfy;u MkWyj dk ge vk;kr djrs gSa] dsoy 9
fcfy;u MkWyj dk ge phu dks fu;kZr dj jgs gSaA vkSj mlesa Hkh T;knkrj
dPpk eky gSA tSls dqy fu;kZr dk 52 izfr'kr ykSgd.k] rkack o dikl gh
gSA ;g vkadMs eSa 2015&16 ds ns jgk gwa tks fd Hkkjr ljdkj ds okf.kT;
ea=ky; ds gSA ;g vkadMs+ blfy, vko';d gSa fd ;s tks vkanksyu gS mls
le>us ds fy,] vkSj ns'k ds fy, ;g fdruk t:jh gS] ;g le>us ds fy,,
O;kikfjd vlarqyu le>uk vR;ar t:jh gSA gekjs dqy O;kikfjd ?kkVs esa ls
44 izfr'kr ?kkVk vdsys phu ls gks jgk gS vkSj vxj ge iSVksfy;e mRikn dks
vyx dj nsa] D;ksafd iSVksfy;e mRikn wM vkW;y dk gekjk phu ls dksbZ
vk;kr gS gh ugha] D;kaasfd phu rks Lo;a vius fy, rsy vk;kr djrk gSA rks
yxHkx 60&70 izfr'kr ?kkVk dsoy phu ls gSA bl le; gekjk lcls cM+k
VsM ikVZuj phu gks x;k gSA nwljs ij vejhdk gSA tkiku rks 15osa uacj ij
gSA ;kfu fd gekjk cktkj phu ij cgqr vf/kd fuHkZj gks x;k gSA phu dk
?kkVk ;fn :i;ksa esa crkuk gks rks og curk gS&3556 vjc :- okf"kZdA bldk
lk/kkj.k Hkk"kk esa vFkZ gS fd 3556 vjc :- ge gj o"kZ phu dks HksaV fd, tk
jgs gSaA mQ! bruk rks 'kk;n vktknh ls iwoZ baXyS.M dks Hkh ugha djrs
Fks] ;g D;k dj jgs gS ge\
vxj phu ls gekjs nksLrkuk lac/a k gkas rc Hkh bl O;kikj ds ckjs esa lkjs
ns'k dks fpafrr gksus dh vko';drk gSA tkiku baVjuS'kuy dE;qfuVh esa gekjk
,d fe= ns'k gSA vxj gekjk O;kikfjd ?kkVk tkiku ds lkFk Hkh bl ykbu ij
gks tk,] jf'k;k ds lkFk gks tk,] rc Hkh gesa fpafrr gksus dh vko';drk gS vkSj
phu ds lkFk rks gekjs dwVuhfrd lac/a k o lqj{kk fpark,a cgqr vyx izdkj dh
gSAa cgqr cM+h gSAa bu nksuksa dkj.kksa ls vkSj ,sfrgkfld dkj.kksa ls Hkh varjkZ"Vh;
Lrj ij bl le; phu dk tks Lrj gS] tks O;ogkj gS ml ukrs ls HkhA
phu ls Hkkjr dks tks vk;kr gks jgk gS] mlesa dsoy bySDVkWfud
lkeku ;kfu fctyh dh yfM+;k] eksckby bR;kfn feykdj gh 19-8 fcfy;u
MkWyj 28 izfrkr gS vkSj e'khuksa dk vk;kr 10-6 fcfy;u Mkyj dk gSA
3
jkstxkj c<+kuk gS rks Lons'kh viukuk gksxk
orZeku esa lkjs ns'k dks vius vkfFkZd ekeyksa tSls cMs+ fo"k; dh rjQ
/;ku nsus dh t:jr gSA [kklrkSj ij ;qok oxZ dksA mldk dkj.k geus ns[kk
gh gS fd phu ls gekjk O;kikj ?kkVk cgqr c<+ x;k gSA blls yxkrkj gekjk
mRiknu {ks= [kRe gks jgk gS] T;knk mRikn vk;kr fd, tk jgs gSaA vkSj viuk
mRiknu {ks= de gksrs tkuk& eryc] jkstxkj de gksrs tkukA xr 16&17
o"kksZa esa gh yk[kksa ukSdfj;ka phu ys x;kA tks ;gha jg ldrh Fkha ;fn ge phuh
oLrq,a u [kjhndj ;gha cukrsA ge [kkM+h ns'kksa] ;wjksi o vejhdk ls Hkh vk;kr
djrs gSa] ftls gj gky esa de djuk gksxkA

phuh eky ls jkstxkj ds volj [kRe gq,

lLrs phuh eky dk tks lokZf/kd cqjk izHkko gqvk gS og gS gekjs
jkstxkj {ks= ijA lu~ 2000 ls igys Hkkjr dk f[kykSuk m|ksx ,d cMk m|ksx
Fkk fdUrq phuh f[kykSuk vk;kr us bl m|ksx dks pkSiV dj fn;k] blesa yxs
yk[kksa dkjhxj csdkj gks x,A /khjs&/khjs vyhx<+ dk rkyk m|ksx gks ;k
ikuhir dk njh&dacy m|ksx] vEckyk dh feDlh ;k tkya/kj dh [ksy oLrq]
lkjh b.MLVh rsth ls can gksrh xbZA ifj.kke Lo:i rsth ls gh yksx csjkstxkj
gksrs pys x,A f'kokdk'kh dh iVk[kk b.MLVh gks ;k lwjr dh lkM+hA xqtjkr
dk VkbZy m|ksx gks ;k dkuiqj dk peM+k m|ksx] fQjkstkckn dk dkap m|ksx
;k yqf/k;kuk dh lkbZfdy b.MLVh m|ksx&bu lc ij lLrs phuh eky dh
Hk;adj ekj iM+us ls yk[kksa yksx xr 15&18 o"kksaZ esa csjkstxkj gq, gaAS vc QSDVh
ekfyd m|ksxifr u gksdj dsoy VM s j O;kikjh cu x, gSAa os dsoy lLrs
phuh eky dk vk;kr dj dqN equkQk dek vkxs csp jgs gaAS blls bu ij rks
cgqr vlj ugha iM+k] mUgksua s rks fQj dekbZ dj gh yh gksxhA fdUrq tks lcls
cM+k vlj iM+k gS] og gS bu m|ksxks]a QSDVh;ksa easa dke djus okys etnwj oxZ
ij] rduhf'k;u ij] bathfu;j ijA os cM+h ek=k esa ;k rks csjktxkj gks x;s ;k
;gk&ogk fdlh NksV& s eksVs dke dks djus ij etcwj gks x;sA
vxj gekjk fu;kZr c<+rk gS rks gekjs ;gka dk mRiknu {ks= c<+rk gSA
bldk lh/kk izHkko jkstxkj ij i<+rk gSA vHkh Hkkjr ljdkj dh tks ubZ fjiksVZ
vkbZ gS mlds vuqlkj Hkkjr dks gj lky 1-15 djksM+ jkstxkj pkfg,A ftruk
;qok gekjs fo'ofo|ky;ksa] egkfo|ky;ksa ls fudy jgk gS mrus jkstxkj ds
volj miyC/k ugha gSA vkt ds Hkkjr esa ;qokvksa dh la[;k T;knk gSA ;|fi
;g gekjs ns'k dk lkSHkkX; gS fd Hkkjr nqfu;k dk lcls ;qok ns'k gSA fo'o ds
200 ns'kksa dss dqy ;qok 15&35 vk;q oxZ dk 60 izfr'kr ls vf/kd Hkkjr esa gSA
tkiku] ;wjksi] phu lc cw<s+ gks jgs gSaA ysfdu Hkkjr ,d toku ns'k gSA vHkh
4
12&15 lky igys rd ;g /kkj.kk Fkh fd Hkkjr dh tula[;k cgqr cM+h
leL;k gSA ifjokj fu;kstu ds fy, fo'ks"k Hkkk vkSj dk;Ze ns jgs Fks vkSj
1975 esa] vkikrdky ds le; ij rks tcjnLrh idM+dj ifjokj fu;kstu
dj jgs Fks] rc Hkh Lons'kh fopkjdksa us ;g er fn;k Fkk fd Hkkjr dk ;qok
Hkkjr ds fy, leL;k ugha gSA ns'k dk ;qok ns'k dh laifk vkSj 'kfDr gSA ;fn
;qokvksa dks ge jkstxkj ds volj ugha ns ik jgs gSa rks blesa ;qokvksa dh xyrh
ugha gSA ;qokvksa dks jkstxkj nsuk gekjk eq[; y{; gSA bl le; Hkkjr esa
jkstxkj dk eq[; lk/ku [ksrh gSA ysfdu mldh Hkh ,d lhek gS vkSj ns'k dh
yxHkx 65 izfr'kr tula[;k [ksrh ij fuHkZj gSA gkykafd ogka ls 50 izfr'kr
ls T;knk jkstxkj iSnk gks jgk gS ijUrq ;g dkQh ugha gSA jkstxkj ds T;knk
volj iSnk djus gksaxs vkSj mlds fy, mRiknu {ks= dks c<+kuk gksxk rkfd
;qokvksa dks jkstxkj feysaA Hkkjr dsoy miHkksDrk ;k [kjhnnkj cuk jgs]
vc ;g ugha gksxkA bl ckj gekjs ns'k us ,d iz;ksx nhikoyh ij
djds ns[kk vkSj og vR;ar lQy Hkh jgkA bls vkxs c<+kus ls jkstxkj
ds {ks= esa Hkh cgqr ykHk feyus okyk gSA

Hkkjr vkSj phu ds dwVuhfrd laca/k% lqj{kk ladV

;|fi phuh lkeku lLrk gksrk gS ijarq xq.kork esa cgqr ?kfV;k gksrk
gS] og tYnh [kjkc Hkh gks tkrk gSA phuh mRikn lLrk gks ;k u gks] xq.kork
gks] u gks] gesa ugha [kjhnuk pkfg,A phu ds lkFk gekjk O;kikfjd ?kkVk]
dsoy vkfFkZd ?kkVk ugha gSA ;g gekjs tokuksa ds fy,] gekjh lhekvksa o ns'k
ds fy, ,d vyx izdkj dk vk;ke gS] ,d cM+h pqukSrh gSA D;ksafd phu dk
j{kk ctV Hkkjr ds j{kk ctV ls 5 xq.kk vf/kd gSA gekjk j{kk ctV 40
fcfy;u Mkyj okf"kZd ls de gS] m/kj phu dk 200 fcfy;u Mkyj gSA phu
dh vFkZO;oLFkk 11 fcfy;u Mkyj ls vf/kd dh gS] tcfd Hkkjr dh 2-3
fcfy;u Mkyj gSA vkt vesfjdk ds ckn phu fo'o dh lcls cM+h
vFkZO;oLFkk gSA tkiku rhljs LFkku ij gS vkSj mlds ckn teZuh] fQj HkkjrA
;kfu fd Hkkjr ikaposa LFkku ij gS vkSj og Hkh vHkh&vHkh gqvk gSA vU;Fkk rks
ge lkrosa uacj ij FksA Hkkjr phu ds eqdkcys esa yxHkx 1@5 ij [kM+k gSA
phu Hkkjr dks varjkZ"Vh; Lrj ij c<+us nsuk ugha pkgrk ,oa Hkkjr
dh varjkZ"Vh; igqap esa ck/kk cu jgk gSA ikfdLrku dk ,d vkradh laxBu
gS tS'k&,&ekSgEen! mldk eqf[k;k&ljxuk gS elwn vtgjA blus
iBkudksV esa igys vkradh geyk djok;k vkSj vHkh ihNs flracj esa tks mMh
esa vkradokfn;ksa us cM+k geyk fd;k vkSj ftlesa gekjs 19 lSfud 'kghn gks
x,] mu lHkh geyksa dk Hkh ekLVj ekbaM gS ;g elwn vtgjA Hkkjr us
5
Qksu&ok;l fjdkMZ lfgr iq[rk lcwr fn;s gSa bl lcdsA ml ij ;qukbfVM
us'ku dh tks flD;ksfjVh dkamfly vkWu VsjfjTe gS] mlesa bl izeq[k
vkradh o mlds laxBu tS'k&,&eksgEen dks varjkZ"Vh; vkradoknh ?kksf"kr
djus gsrq] izfrca/k yxkus dk izLrko Hkkjr us j[kkA ml dkmafly esa 15 ns'kksa
ds izfrfuf/k gSa ftlesa ls 14 ns'k bl vkradh laxBu ds f[kykQ gSa] lkjs
dkxt+kr iwjs gSa] dsoy ,d ns'k us mlds mij izfrca/k ugha yxus fn;k vkSj
;g NBh ckj fd;k gSA og ns'k gS phuA ;kfu phu [kqysvke ,d vkradoknh
laxBu vkSj mlds eqf[k;k dks cpk jgk gS vkSj mldk leFkZu dj jgk gSA
bruk gh ugha U;wDyh;j lIyk;j xzqi NSG esa fo'o ds 47 ns'k lnL; gSaA
Hkkjr dks mldk lnL; cuus esa phu dk dksbZ ?kkVk Hkh ugha gS vkSj mlesa
ikfdLrku dk Hkh dksbZ uqdlku ughaA ;fn Hkkjr U;wDyh;j lIyk;j lewg
dk lnL; curk gS rks dsoy ;g gks tk,xk fd tks U;wDyh;j eSfVfj;y
lkeku gksrk gS] U;wDyh;j osLV gksrk gS] Hkkjr mls nwljs ns'kksa dks
cspus&[kjhnus esa leFkZ gks tkrk gS vkSj Hkkjr dks blds O;kikj dh vuqefr
fey tk,xhA Hkkjr dks ;g lqfo/kk feyus okyh gSA bldk ;q) ls dksbZ ysuk
nsuk Hkh ugha gSaA dsoy bldk O;kikfjd vlj gSA vkSj bl O;kikfjd vlj
ls phu dks dksbZ ?kkVk Hkh ugha gSA 47 esa ls 39 ns'k] ftlesa vesfjdk Hkh
'kkfey gS vkSj vU; ;wjksih;u ns'k Hkh gSa] lHkh ns'kksa us jtkeanh ns nh gS
D;ksafd Hkkjr blds fy, {kerkoku ns'k gSA fQj Hkh phu us ,u-,l-th- esa
gekjh lnL;rk ij 6 vU; ns'kksa ds lkFk feydj jksd yxk nhA dsoy bruk
gh ugha] gj ,d eap ij tgk yxrk gS fd Hkkjr varjkZ"Vh; Lrj ij
mHkj jgk gS] phu ogka ij foVks yxk nsrk gSA vM+xk yxk nsrk gSA
Hkkjr ds fy, leL;k [kM+h djuk o ikfdLrku dh gjdrksa dks
leFkZu djuk mldh v?kksf"kr uhfr cu x;h gSA ,d vkSj mnkgj.k
nsf[k,&tc mM+h dk vkradh geyk gqvk&18 flracj dks] rks Hkkjr us 28
flracj dks lftZdy LVkbZd fd;kA gekjs tokuksa us ikfdLrku ds vanj
?kqldj vkradokfn;ksa dks tk ekjkA fQj Hkkjr us 1956 esa gqbZ fla/kq ty
le>kSrs dh leh{kk cSBd dhA Hkkjr us rks vHkh bruk gh dgk fd ;fn
ikfdLrku vkradh gjdrsa can ugha djrk rks ge ikuh can djus dh lkspsxsaA
fdarq mlds pkj fnu ckn gh phu us cziq= unh dh lgk;d unh tsdksck
dk ikuh jksd gh fn;kA phu dk lans'k lkQ Fkk fd ;fn Hkkjr fla/kq ty
ikfdLrku dk jksdsxk rks og Hkkjr dks cziq= unh] tks ekuljksoj vc
phu ds dCts esa ls fudyrh gS] mldk ikuh jksddj iwoksZkj Hkkjr esa lw[kk
yk nsxkA
6
phu dk oSf'od n`f"Vdks.k % [krjukd
phu dk ;g joS;k Hkkjr ds lkFk gh ugha vfirq nwljh cM+h
vFkZO;oLFkkvksa ds lkFk Hkh gSA phu ds tkiku ds lkFk dwVuhfrd laca/k
Hkkjr ls Hkh T;knk [kjkc gaSA gekjs lkFk rks tehu yxrh gS phu dh] tkiku
ds lkFk dksbZ tehu Hkh ugha yxrh fQj Hkh phu ds tkiku ds lkFk laca/k
vPNs ugha gSaA
tkiku ds lkFk lsudkdw }hi ds ij Hkh >xM+k gS phu dkA dsoy 7
oxZ ehy dk leqnz ds chp Hkw[kaM gSA ogka ,d Hkh vkneh ugha jgrkA tkiku us
dsoy Vkoj yxk;k gqvk gS tgktksa dks fn'kk fn[kkus ds fy,] tks fd tkiku
ls 1200 fd-eh- nwj gS rFkk 1250 fd-eh- phu rkboku {ks= dh lhek ls nwj
gSA ogka D;ksafd dqN rsy vkSj xSl feyus dh laHkkouk gSA blfy, phu dk
tkiku ds lkFk >xM+k gSA fo;ruke rks dksbZ cgqr cM+h rkdr ugha gS] fQj Hkh
phu dk 2003 esa lh/kk ;q) fo;ruke ls gqvkA phu dk baMksusf'k;k o
eysf'k;k ds lkFk Hkh cgqr vPNs laca/k ugha gaSA Jhyadk vc rd phu dk fe=
ns'k Fkk ysfdu vc Jhyadk Hkkjr ds lkFk vk x;k gS] rks mlds lkFk Hkh phu
dk >xM+k 'kq: gks x;kA phu ds nqfu;k esa lnkcgkj rks dsoy nks fe= ns'k
gSa& ,d ikfdLrku tks Hkkjr dk lcls cM+k fljnnZ gS vkSj tks nwljk gS oks tks
nqfu;k dk lcls cM+k fljnnZ gS&mkj dksfj;kA ;g tkuuk blfy, t:jh gS
rkfd phu dk euksfoKku le>k tk ldsA nqfu;k ds fdlh Hkh lH; ,oa
lqLld`ar ns'k] le`) ns'k ds lkFk phu ds laca/k vPNs ugha gSaA vesfjdk esa rks
800 fcfy;u dk fuos'k phu dk gS vkSj 28 izfr'kr O;kikj gS ysfdu fQj Hkh
mlds lkFk laca/k vPNs ugha gSaA

phu dh fr
tc Hkkjr ds yksx] Hkkjr ds ;qok fdlh vfHk;ku ds lkFk tqM+rs gSa rks
ml vfHk;ku ds ihNs fopkj/kkjk ;k fopkj dks le>uk Hkh vko';d gks tkrk
gSA O;kikfjd ?kkVs dh ,d ckr] lqj{kk fparkvksa dh ,d ckr] phu dk Mh-,u-
,- D;k gS] izd`fr D;k gS] lkspus dk <ax D;k gS\&og le>us dh izeq[k ckr
gSA phu dh izd`fr o lksp dks Bhd ls le>uk dsoy ljdkj dks gh ugha]
tkx:d ;qok dks Hkh vko';d gSA lkekU; ukxfjd ls ysdj iz/kkuea=h rd
dks phu ls okrkZ vFkok le>kSrs djrs gq, bl fo"k; dk /;ku j[kuk pkfg,A
ugha rks tSls frCcr dk gky gqvk gS] ftls phu us iwjh rjg vius ns'k esa
foyhu dj fy;k gS vkSj frCcr ds nykbZ ykek ogka ds frCcfr;ksa lfgr xr
56&57 o"kksZa ls 'kj.kkFkhZ ds :i esa ;gka jg jgs gSa o ftl izdkj ls ikfdLrku
phu dh ,d dkyksuh curk tk jgk gSA dbZ vhdh ns'kksa ij mldk izHkqRo
7
cu x;k gSA mlh izdkj og gekjs ns'k dks Hkh [krjk igqapk ldrk gSA vkSj
gekjh rks pkj gtkj ehy yEch lhek phu ds lkFk yxrh gSA

Hkkjr dh ?ksjscanh o gekjk tokc

phu us vius O;kikj dks c<+kus o Hkkjr dh ?ksjkcanh djus dh cM+h
egRokdak{kh ;kstuk, cukbZ gaSA phu] ikd vf/kd`r d'ehj o ikfdLrku ls
gksrh gqbZ mlds vjc lkxj dh Xoknj canjkxkg dks tksM+rh gqbZ ,d 46
fcfy;u MkWyj dk lh-ih-bZ-lh- pkbZuk ikfdLrku bDukfed dksfjMkj
;k vkfFkZd Xkfy;kjk cuk jgk gS] tks gekjs ih-vks-ds- ds chp esa ls fudydj
tk jgk gS vkSj Hkkjr ds fujUrj fojks/k ds ckotwn phu bls cuk jgk gSA xksok
esa fczDl ns'kksa 5&ns'k czkthy] jf'k;k] bf.M;k] pkbuk o lkmFk vhdk
BRICS dh fefVax esa 'kh ftax fiax vk, rks mUgksaus 24 fcfy;u MkWyj
ckaXykns'k dks m/kkj fn,] ;|fi caXykns'k dks brus iSls dh t:jr ugha gSA
lc tkurs gS fd ckaXykns'k NksVk lk ns'k gS] iwoZ ds caxky dk Hkh vk/kk fgLlk
gS] ml ckaXykns'k esa 'kh ftax fiax xksvk vkus ls igys :ds vkSj brus MkWyj
HksaV m/kkj nsus dh bPNk O;Dr dh fd,A lHkh dks vkp;Z gqvkA ijUrq blls
phu dh uh;r dk lkQ irk pyrk gSA mlus ;g iSls blfy, fn, D;ksafd
og Hkkjr ls ckaXykns'k dks vyx djuk pkgrk gSA D;ksafd tc Hkkjr ds
iz/kkuea=h Jh usjUnz eksnh ckaXykns'k x, Fks rks 2 fcfy;u MkWyj dh sfMV
ykbu ckaXykns'k dks nsdj vk, Fks fd rqe gekjs iM+kslh ns'k gksA tc Hkh
vkidks t:jr iMs+ blesa ls #i;s ysrs jgsaA ysfdu phu us ckaXykns'k dks gekjs
ls rksM+us ds fy, 24 fcfy;u MkWyj dh sfMV ykbZu vkWQj dj nh tcfd
caXykns'k us rks bruh cM+h jkf'k dh dksbZ ekx phu ls dh gh ugha FkhA
vkf[kjdkj ge ;g dSls Hkwy ldrs gSa fd 1962 esa phu us Hkkjr ij
geykdj gekjh 37]500 oxZ fdeh vDlkbZfpu dh Hkwfe ij dCtk dj j[kk
gSA ml ;q) esa gekjs 1382 toku 'kghn o 1697 ykirk gq,A ;kfu 3079
tokuksa ds cfynku dks dSls Hkqyk nsaA fQj 1963 esa ikfdLrku us ikd vf/kd`r
d'ehj dh 5180 oxZ fdeh Hkwfe phu dks ns nhA bruk gh ugha vHkh Hkh yk[k
o v:.kkpy dh 90]000 oxZ fdeh- Hkwfe ij phu viuk nkok trkrk gSA o"kZ
Hkj esa 400&500 ckj vyx&vyx NqV&iqV rjhds ls gekjh lhek dk
vfre.k phu dh lsuk djrh jgh gSA xr 2&3 o"kksZa esa blesa dkQh deh
vkbZ gSA 2013 esa yk[k ds nkSyrcsx vksYMh {ks= esa phu dh lsuk 19 fdeh
rd gekjs vanj ?kql vkbZA ,d yTtkLin le>kSrk dj vius gh cadj rksM+
ge ihNs gVus dks etcwj gq,] rHkh phuh ihNs gVsA mlh o"kZ ds var esa

8
rRdkyhu iz/kkuea=h MkW- eueksgu flag us v:.kkpy tkus dk dk;Ze
cuk;kA dk;Ze ls nks fnu iwoZ phu esa Hkkjr dh jktnwr ,d efgyk Fkh dks
jkf= ds 2 cts mBkdj phuh fons'k ea=ky; esa cqyk;k vkSj eueksgu flag dh
;k=k j djokus dk dM+k vkxzg fd;kA ncko esa vkdj MkW- eueksgu flag us
og ;k=k j dj nhA vFkkZr~ phu dh ljdkj dk oSf'od n`f"Vdks.k gekjh
lhekvksa ds fy, LFkkbZ [krjk gSA
m/kj ns[ksa tks phu dh flYd :V ;kstuk gS ;kfu CPEC flYd :V
dk ,d fgLlk ;g phu ds lhfd;kax izkar ls 'kq: gksdj djkdksje njksZa dks
phjrk gqvk ikfdLrku dh vjc lkxj esa fLFkr Xoknj canjxkg rd tk;sxkA
Xoknj canjxkg igys ls gh ikfdLrku us phu ds gokys dj nh gSA ogka phu
us ukSlSfud vM~Mk Hkh cuk fy;k gSA ,sls gh Jhyadk dh gueurksrk canjxkg
o caXykns'k dh pVxkao canjxkg ij Hkh xfrfof/k;ka c<+k jgk gSA fgUn
egklkxj ls ysdj East China Sea rd mlus lSU; xfrfof/k;kas dh Ja`[kyk
[kM+h dj nh gSA South China Sea ij varjkZ"Vh; fVC;wuy dk QSlyk phu
ekuus dks rS;kj ugha gSA ogka ij phu Artificial }hi cuk viuh lSU;
xfrfof/k;ka c<+k jgk gSA
;g vyx ckr gS fd tokc esa Hkkjr us Hkh bZjku dh pkcgkj canjxkg
1-5 fcfy;u Mkyj esa yht ij ys yh gSA tks Xoknj ls dsoy 60 fdeh- dh
nwjh ij gSA Hkkjr us Jhyadk o fo;ruke ls u dsoy laca/k izxk<+ dj fy, gSa
cfYd lSU; vuqca/k Hkh fd, gSaA ;fn phu us v:.kkpy ds utnhd ijek.kq
fet+kbZy yxkbZ gS rks geus Hkh viuk lh&17 XykscekLVj VSad lfgr lSU;
lkeku okgd lcls cM+k tgkt phu lhek ls dsoy 26 fdeh- nwj viuh
lhek esa mrkj fn;k gSA Hkkjr us Hkh eaxksfy;k dks ,d fcfy;u dh sfMV
ykbZu nsdj phu dh ?ksjscanh dk iz;kl fd;k gSA vesfjdk] tkiku]
vkWLVsfy;k] Hkkjr ds prq"dks.kh; lSU; ?ksjscUnh ds iz;kl Hkh 'kq: fd, gSaA

phu dh rkdr o detksjh

gekjs ls vusd yksx iwNrs gSa fd phu dk lkeku bruk lLrk D;ksa
gksrk gS o gekjk egaxk D;ksa gksrk gS\ rks nsf[k,] phu esa yksdra= ugha gS] ogka
dksbZ Hkh dkuwu ,d fnu 'kke dks dsfcusV esa o vxys fnu ikfyZ;kesVa esa ikl gks
tkrk gSA vxys fnu ykxw Hkh gks tkrk gSA Hkkjr esa uksVcanh gks] th-,l-Vh fcy
;k dksbZ vU; fu;e&fu;qfDr] jktuSfrd ny fo'ks"kr% foi{k fo"k; dks c<+us
gh ugha nsrAs yksdra= ds cgqr ls Qk;ns gSa rks dqN uqdlku Hkh gSa fQj phu us
fdlkuksa ls cgqr lLrs esa tehu Nhu dj m|ksxksa dks lLrs nkeksa ij ns nhA cgqr
9
lLrh nj ij 4&4-5 izfr'kr ij cSd a yksu eqg;S k djok,A lfClMh ;qDr lLrh
fctyh nhA yscj rks Hkkjr ls Hkh lLrh ogka Fkh ghA vc og egaxh gksus yxh gSA
phu us i;kZoj.k dh dksbZ [kkl ijokg ugha dhA mRiknksa dh dherksa dks de
j[kus ds fy, mlus lc izdkj ds gkfudkjd rjhds viuk,a gSAa vkt fo'o
izn"w k.k esa 24 izfr'kr fgLlk vdsys phu dk gSA f[kykSuksa rd esa fo"kSys jlk;u
;k xa/k dh Hkh mlus ijokg ugha dhA fQj ek=k cgqr vf/kd j[krk gS In bulk
ftlls Hkh dher lLrh gks tkrh gSA Hkz"Vkpkj esa rks og lHkh Hkkjr lfgr
ize[q k ns'kksa esa [kjkc fLFkfr esa gSA fQj phu us vkbZihvkj ;k fdlh Hkh fo"k; esa
dksbZ ewY; Ethics ugha j[ksA mlus economics ds ewy fl)karksa dk Hkh ikyu
ugha fd;kA mlus ^iM+kfS l;ksa dh Vkaxs rksMk+ ]s Hkys gh bl pDdj esa viuh cktw
VwV tk,* dh dgkor dks pfjrkFkZ djrs gq, fo'o cktkj ij 23 izfr'kr dCtk
dj fy;k gSAa ijarq bl lcdh vc lhek vk xbZ gSA vc mlds fu;kZr egaxs gksrs
tkus ds dkj.k ?kV jgs gSAa phu dh fodkl nj tks dHkh 10-5 izfr'kr rd Fkh
og vc 6 izfr'kr ls Hkh de gks xbZ gSA ogka ukSdfj;ka NwV jgh gSA gM+rky]
izn'kZu vke ckr gSA Hkz"Vkpkj Hkh cgqr c<+ x;k gSA

,d uohu ;q)] O;kikj ;q)!

f}rh; fo'o;q) ds vafre pj.k esa tkiku ij cjlk, v.kq ce Atom
bomb ds ckn nqfu;k esa ;q) ds izfr lksp cny xbZ gSA xr 70&72 o"kksZa esa
fdUgh nks ijek.kq vL= ;qDr ns'kksa esa [kqyk ;q) ugha gqvk gSA gksus dh laHkkouk
Hkh cgqr de gSA dkj.k gS fd bl ;q) esa dksbZ thr ugha ldrkA dsoy nksuksa
rjQ egkfouk'k gh gksxkA okLro esa ijek.kq vL=ksa us ,d&nwljs ds f[kykQ
gh lgh ij ;q) dh jks/kd {kerk Deterent Power [kM+h dj yh gSA
vesfjdk&:l 45&50 o"kksZa rd my>s jgs 'khr&;q) esa] fMIykseslh esaA
phu&tkiku dk Hkh ;gh gky gSA ;gk rd fd vesfjdk mkj dksfj;k ij Hkh
blh Hk; ls geyk ugha dj jgk gSA ;|fi&bZjkd] vQxkfuLrku o vc
lhfj;k esa fd;k D;ksafd og ijek.kq vL= ;qDr ugha Fks
rks vc ;q) dk n`f"Vdks.k cny x;k gS vc tks ;q) gS og gS O;kikj
;q) Trade-War, War of EconomicsA phu ls ftl ;q) esa ge yxkrkj lu~
2000 yxHkx ls my>s gS og Hkh O;kikj ;q) gSA lu~ 2000 esa gekjk phu dk
O;kikj dsoy 2-6 fcfy;u MkWyj dk Fkk tks 2013&14 esa 75-5 fcfy;u rd
igqp x;k] vc yxHkx 70 fcfy;u okf"kZd dk gSA ;fn ge bl ;q) Trade
war dh lexzrk dks Bhd ls le> x, rks blesa fot;h gksus dk jkLrk Hkh
fudy vk,xkA bl ;q) dh lsuk ds 5 izeq[k vax gksxsaA 1- ljdkj Political
10
Power 2- uhfr fu;ked laLFkku Beaurocracy 3- m|ksx txr 4- vUos"kd
Researchers, Economist 5- miHkksDrk vFkkZr~ lkekU; turkA
bu ikpksa dks dkZO;cks/k djkuk] phu dh uhfr] uh;r] utj
lksp dks lexzrk ls le>uk gh gekjs vfHk;ku dk dsUnz gksxkA
blds fy, ,d izcy tu tkxj.k dh vko';drk gSA lkekU; turk
miHkksDrk pk;uht eky dk lLrk gksus ds ckotwn cfg"dkj djsA foKku o
vFkZ'kkL= ds vUos"kd Reserachers u;h&u;h rduhdksa dk vfo"dkj djsa]
vuqca/ku djsa ftlls Hkkjrh; eky dk vUrjkZ"Vh; cktkj esa xq.kokk o ekx
dk Lrj iwjk gksA m|ksx txr dSls gekjs eky dh dher lLrh gks] Li)kZRed
gks Competitive gks ;g lkspsA uhfr fu;ked phu dk iwjk v/;;u djrs gq,
Hkkjr dh Manufacturing o Trade policy esa D;k vko';d ifjorZu djus gS
;g r; djsa o ljdkj Anty-dumping duty, safety clause lfgr lLrs fdUrq
?kfV;k phuh eky@daifu;ksa@lsokvksa dks Hkkjr esa vkus ls dSls jksdk tk,]
bldk fu.kZ; djsA

vk'kk dh fdj.k
Hkkjr esa ,d tuTokj fiNyh nhikoyh ij mB x;k gSA phuh oLrqvksa
dh [kjhn esa cM+h deh vkbZ gSA ;g vfHk;ku vkxs Hkh tkjh j[kuk gSA eSa vHkh
ikuhir x;k Fkk ogka ds yksxksa us crk;k fd fead dEcy b.MLVh fQj ls py
iM+h gSA 3Mh dh pknj vc ikuhir esa cuus yxh gSA vc Hkkjr dk eky lLrk
o phu dk egaxk gks jgk gSA f'kokdk'kh dh iVk[kk b.MLVh fQj ls jrkj
idM+ xbZ gSA phuh LVhy ij 18 izfr'kr dh Anti Dumping Duty yxus ls
eaMh xksfoUnx<+ iatkc lfgr Hkkjr dh LVhy feysa xfr idM+ jgh gSaA phu ds
IykfLVd ds eky ij Hkh fiNys fnuksa izfrca/k yx x;k gSA
blfy, gesa /;ku djuk gS fd gesa vius ns'k dh lqj{kk ds fy,] VSM
cSyasl dks Bhd djus ds fy,] jkstxkj ds volj iSnk djus ds fy,] phuh
oLrqvksa ds cfg"dkj dk ,d yack vkSj fujarj pyus okyk vfHk;ku pykuk
gksxkA lLrh pht ds dkj.k vke vkneh bu phuh oLrqvksa dks [kjhn ysrk FkkA
ysfdu ge lc Hkkjrh;ksa us feydj tks vkanksyu pyk;k] vkSj phuh lkeku
dk cfg"dkj fd;k] bl vfHk;ku dks vHkh vkSj vkxs c<+kuk gksxkA Hkkjr dh
lqj{kk ds fy,] Hkkjr ds jkstxkj dh o`f) ds fy,] Hkkjr ds mRiknu
{ks= ds fodkl ds fy, vkSj dqy feykdj Hkkjr dks nqfu;k dk ,d
loZ'kfDr'kkyh ns'k cukus ds fy, bl izdkj ds cMs+ vfHk;ku dks
lcdks feydj] ,dtqV gksdj pykuk gksxkA bl jk"Vh; vfHk;ku esa ge
lc ru]eu ls tqVsa] ;gh vis{kk gSA Hkkjr ekrk dh t;
11
 ckj&ckj iwNs tkus okys iz'u (Frequently asked questions)
iz-1 oSf'od ifjn`'; esa tc Hkwe.Myhdj.k o eqDr O;kikj dks
viuk;k tk jgk gS] ,sls esa ge phu ds lkekuksa dk fojks/k D;ksa
dj jgs gSa\
mkj dksbZ Hkh Hkwe.Myhdj.k o eqDr O;kikj gesa gekjs ns'k dh mUufr ,oa
jk"VHkfDr ls jksdrh ugha gSA gekjs ns'k dh mUufr] ;gk ds ;qokvksa dks
jkstxkj ;qDr djus ,oa ?kjsyq NksVs&cM+s m|ksx /kU/kksa ds fodkl ls gh
laHko gSA phu ds lLrs lkekuksa ls gekjs vkS|ksfxd DyLVj [kRe gksrs
tk jgs gaSA blds dkj.k NksVs m|ksx lekIr gksdj VsfMax ;wfuV dk :i
ys jgs gaS ,oa blesa dke djus okys jkstxkj;qDr Hkkjrh; csjkstxkj gks
jgs gSaA vesfjdk tSls etcwr jk"V tks Hkwe.Myhdj.k o eqDr O;kikj ds
izeq[k iSjohdrkZ gS] oks Hkh vc **ch vesfjdu ,oa gk;j vesfjdu** dk
ukjk ns jgs gSa vkSj mlls Hkh vkxs c<+dj ^ck; vesfjdu* ds ukjs ds lkFk
vesfjdh daifu;ksa ds mRikn ,oa lsokvksa dks Lo;a ds ns'k esa vf/kd ysus
ds fy, vfHk;ku pyk jgs gaSA blfy, phu ds lkekuksa dk fojks/k gekjs
ns'k dh mUufr] rjDdh ,oa jkstxkj ds fy, furkar vko';d gSA
iz-2 ljdkj iw.kZ cgqer ds lkFk dsanz esa gS] ,sls esa ;fn ljdkj gh
dksbZ fu;e ;k dkuwu cukdj phuh lkekuksa ij ikcanh yxk ns
rks miyC/krk u gksus ds dkj.k phuh lkeku cktkjksa esa fcdsaxs gh
ugha] rks dksbZ [kjhnsxk gh ughA ,sls esa ge turk dh ctk;
ljdkj ij fu;e cukus ds fy, ncko D;ksa ugha Mky jgs\
mkj jk"Vh; LOkns'kh&lqj{kk vfHk;ku O;kikj ;q) esa phu ls lko/kku djus ds
fy, ikpksa izeq[k vaxksa ij ncko cukus dk dke dj jgk gSA ;s vMa-+ gS&
a
1- ljdkj 2- uhfr fu;ked laLFkku 3- m|ksx txr 4- vUos"kd 5-
miHkksDrk vFkkZr~ lkekU; turkA bu ikpksa vaxksa dks phu ds bl O;kikj
;q) gsrq ltx ,oa tkx:d gksus dh egkh vko';drk gSA ge
miHkksDrkvksa vFkkZRk~ lkekU; turk dks vius fgLls dk dk;Z] phu ds
lkeku dk lai.w kZ cfg"dkj djus gsrw tkx`r dj jgs gSAa vr% gesa LOk;a dks
tkx:d gksrs gq;s ftlesa ljdkj Hkh 'kkfey gS nsk dks tkx:d djus
ds fy, vfHk;ku dk fgLlk cuuk gSA gekjs mRikn vPNs o lLrs gks]a
blds fy, vius m|ksxifr;ksa dks ifjJe djuk gksxkA fofHkUu {ks=ksa esa
vko';d ubZ VSDuksyksth gekjs foKkuh&kks/kdrkZ fodflr djs]a ;g Hkh
t:jh gSA ge lcls lLrs o mke jkdsV&lsVy s kbZV cuk ldrs gSa rks
eksckbZy ;k vU; oLrq,a rks D;k pht+ gS\a bl vfHk;ku dk mn~n's ;

12
 lcdks viuk drZO; cks/k djkuk gSA ;gk ;g dguk Hkh vuqfpr ugha
gksxk fd oSf'od vuqcU/kksa ,oa us'kuy ikWfylh rFkk oSf'od laxBuksa
WTO, BRICS vkfn dk fgLlk gksus ds dkj.k dksbZ ljdkj iwjh rjg
lh/ks izfrca/k ugha yxk ikrhA ;|fi ljdkj us LVhy] IykfLVd ls cuh
oLrqvks]a iVk[kksa vkfn ij dkQh ek=k esa izfrca/k yxk;k Hkh gS ijUrq
tcjnLr tu ncko ds dkj.k ljdkjksa dks dbZ ckj >qdrs ns[kk x;k gSAa
iz-3 eap fofHkUUk eqksa ij yM+rk vk;k gSA orZeku esa izeq[k eqksa dks
njfdukj dj phu ds eqs ij bruh T;knk rkdr D;ksa yxk jgk gS\
mkj Lons'kh tkxj.k eap vius izknqHkkZo ds le; ls gh ns'k ds vkfFkZd fparu
esa f;k'khy gSA ,QMhvkbZ ds rgr~ d`f"k] m|ksx] O;kikj] fokh; lsokvksa
lesr reke {ks= fons'kh daifu;ksa ds gokys fd;s tkrs jgs gaAS th-,e-
Qlyksa ds uke ij gekjh d`f"k esa fons'kh daifu;ksa dks dkfct djus]
gekjh tSo fofo/krk dks u"V djus vkSj fons'kh daifu;ksa dk ,dkf/kdkj
LFkkfir djus dk oSf'od "kM;a= py jgk gSA Lons'kh tkxj.k eap&
tu] taxy] tehu ls tqM+s jk"Vfgr ds lHkh vkfFkZd eqksa ds ekspksZ ij
vfxze iafDRk esa [kM+k gSA pkgs ljdkj fdlh Hkh ny dh jgh gksA vkSj ;s
iz;kl vHkh Hkh tkjh gSAa fiNys fnuksa fcy fefyaMk xsVl QkmaM's ku dh
xfrfof/k;ksa dks :dokus dk ekeyk gks ;k LVaV dh dhersa de djokus
dk] bu lc esa eap dh cM+h Hkwfedk jgh gSA nks o"kZ iwoZ tc Hkwfe vf/kxzg.k
dk fo"k; pyk rks eap us lM+dksa ij mrjus esa ladksp a ugha fd;kA ijarq
orZeku esa phu us gekjs cktkjksa ds ,d cM+s fgLls ij dCtk dj fy;k gS]
ftlds dkj.k gekjs vf/kdka'k y?kq&dqVhj m|ksx can gks jgs gSAa gekjs
jkstxkj cM+h ek=k esa phu Nhudj ys tk jgk gSA ,sls esa loZiFz ke cM+h
yM+kbZ orZeku le; esa phu tSls vfgrs"kh jk"V ds lkFk yM+uh vko';d
gSA blh dkj.k jk"Vh; Lons'kh&lqj{kk vfHk;ku dh vko';drk gSA ;g
vkfFkZd Lora=rk] le`f) dk mlh dM+h esa u;k vfHk;ku gS] ftlesa ge
lHkh dk ,dlkFk mrjuk jk"V fgr esa ije vko';d gSA
iz-4 phu dk eky bruk lLrk dSls gS\ gekjs m|ksx D;ksa ugha mruh
dher ij mRikn dj ikrs\ vkf[kj fdrus fnu HkkokRed vihy
dke djsxh\
mkj gesa ;g /;ku j[kuk gksxk fd phu esa ,dkf/kdkjoknh ljdkj gSA phu esa
yksdra= ugha gS] ogka dksbZ Hkh dkuwu ,d fnu 'kke dks dsfcusV esa o
vxys fnu ikfyZ;kesaV esa ikl gks tkrk gSA vxys fnu ykxw Hkh gks tkrk
gSA Hkkjr esa uksVcanh gks] th-,l-Vh fcy ;k dksbZ vU; fu;e&fu;qfDr]

13
 jktuSfrd ny fo'ks"kr% foi{k fo"k; dks c<+us gh ugha nsrsA yksdra=
ds cgqr ls Qk;ns gSa rks dqN uqdlku Hkh gSa fQj phu us fdlkuksa ls
cgqr lLrs esa tehu Nhudj m|ksxksa dks lLrs nkeksa ij ns nhA cgqr
lLrh nj ij 4&4-5 izfr'kr ij cSad yksu eqgS;k djok;sA lfClMh ;qDr
lLrh fctyh nhA yscj rks Hkkjr ls Hkh lLrh ogka Fkh ghA phu us
i;kZoj.k dh dksbZ [kkl ijokg ugha dhA mRiknksa dh dherksa dks de
j[kus ds fy, mlus lc izdkj ds gkfudkjd rjhds viuk,a gSaA vkt
fo'o iznw"k.k esa 24 izfr'kr fgLlk vdsys phu dk gSA f[kykSuksa rd esa
fo"kSys jlk;u ;k xa/k dh Hkh mlus ijokg ugha dhA fQj ek=k cgqr
vf/kd j[krk gS In bulk ftlls Hkh dher lLrh gks tkrh gSA fuf'pr
:i ls gekjs m|ksfx;ksa dks de dher ij mRikn ds rjhds ryk'kus
gksaxsA bl vfHk;ku esa mUgsa Hkh tkx:d djuk gSA fdUrq lcls izeq[k
turk gSA ;g HkkokRed vihy ugha] cfYd gekjs jk"Vh; pfj= ds LFkkbZ
tkxj.k dk fo"k; gSA bls vkfFkZd jk"Vokn Eco-Nationalism Hkh
dg ldrs gSA tkiku esa Be Japanese, Buy Japanese muds LoHkko esa
gSA vesfjdk Hkh vkt ,sls gh iz;kl dj jgk gSA ;g ns'kHkfDr o Lons'kh
Hkko dk tkxj.k vfHk;ku gSA ;g fujarj pyrs jguk pkfg,A
iz-5 bl vfHk;ku esa eSa dSls lg;ksx dj ldrk gw\
mkj jk"Vh; Lons'kh&lqj{kk vfHk;ku ns'kHkj esa lapkfyr gks jgk gSA vki
bl vfHk;ku ds rgr~ phu dk lkeku u [kjhnus gsrq turk dks tkx`r
dj ldrs gSA fofHkUu laLFkk,a] fcjknfj;ka] eap] O;kikj laxBu] cktkj]
Ldwy&dkWyst vius&vius izLrko ikfjr djsaA bl gsrq laidZ vfHk;ku
dj ldrs gSaA vius ifjokj lfgr vU; yksxksa ds chp phu ls gksus okys
uqdlkuksa dh tkudkjh igqpk] gLrk{kj djokdj vfHk;ku esa lg;ksx
dj ldrs gSA lks'ky ehfM;k dk mi;ksx djus okys lHkh yksx bl
Hkkouk dks vius fe=ksa ,oa fofHkUu xqziksa esa Hkstdj lg;ksx dj ldrs
gSA fofHkUu laLFkkuksa] lkoZtfud vk;kstuksa] fo|kfFkZ;ksa] ;qokvksa ,oa
efgykvksa lfgr lHkh yksx phu ds lkekuksa ,oa lsokvksa ds cfg"dkj dk
vkg~oku dj bl vfHk;ku esa lg;ksx dj ldrs gSA Lons'kh tkxj.k
eap dh LFkkuh; bdkbZ ds dk;ZdrkZvksa ds lkFk feydj vfHk;ku esa
lg;ksxh cu ldrs gSA

lrh'k dqekj% Lonskh tkxj.k eap ds f={ks= laxBd] vf[ky Hkkjrh; lg fopkj foHkkx
izeq[k o ^jk"Vh; Lons'kh&lqj{kk vfHk;ku* ds vf[ky Hkkjrh; izeq[kA
jktLFkku fo'ofo|ky;] t;iqj ,oa dq:{ks= fo'ofo|ky; esa phu ij gq, O;k[;ku ds va'kA