RESUMEN DE PROPIEDADES,

FORMULAS Y TABLAS
Desarrollos en serie
1) Serie binomial:

( 1)........( n + 1)
(1 + z) = z n , z < 1; donde = 1, =
n =0 n 0 n n!
Casos particulares:
1
1
1-1) = z n , z < 1 (1 + z) 1 = 1 z + z 2 z 3 + ..............
1 + z n =0 n
1
1
1-2) = ( z) n , z < 1 (1 + ( z)) 1 = 1 + z + z 2 + z 3 + ..............
1 z n =0 n
m(m + 1)z 2 m(m + 1)(m + 2)z 3
1-3) (1 + z) m = 1 mz + + ............., z < 1
2! 3!

z 2 n 1
2) sen z = (1) n +1 , z <
n =1 (2n 1)!

z 2n
3) cos z = 1 + (1) n , z <
n =1 (2n )!

zn
4) e = 1 +
z
, z <
n =1 n!

Operadores anuladores
LA = (D-a) para [eat]
LA = D2+b2 para [Acos(bt)+Bsen(bt)]
LA = (D-a)4 para [t2.eat]
LA = (D-a)(D-b)(D-c) para [eat + ebt + ect ]
LA =D3 para [t2]
LA = (D4 + 4D2) para [sen2(t)]

Propiedades de la (t)
* Si f(t) es continua en t = 0 entonces: f(t) (t) = f(0) (t)

* Si f(t) es continua en t = -t0 entonces: f(t-t0) (t) = f(-t0) (t)

* Si f(t) es continua en t =0 entonces: f (t )(t )dt = f (0)


*Si f(t) es continua en t = - t0 entonces: f (t t )(t )dt = f (- t )

0 0
* Si f(t) es continua en t = t 0 f (t )(t t 0 ) = f (t 0 )(t t 0 )

b
g(t 0 ) si a < t0 < b
* g( t ) (t t 0 )dt = g(t) es continua en t = t 0 ; a < b
a 0 si t 0 > b t 0 < a

t2

* ( t )( t )d = (t t ), con
t1
0 0 t1 < t 0 < t 2

t2

f (t ) (t t )dt = ( 1)
( )
f (k ) (t 0 ), con t 1 < t 0 < t 2
k k
* 0
t1

t
1 si t > t 0
* u(t t 0 ) = ( t )d = 0

0
si t < t 0

1 t0
* (at t 0 )dt = t a dt

a

* (t ) = ( t )

Variable de Estado
t

V(t ) = (t t 0 ) V(t 0 ) + (t ) B x ( ) d
t0
y(t ) = C V(t ) + D x (t )

2 Forma Cannica

0 1 0 L 0 0
0 0 1 L 0 0

A= M M M ; B= ; D = bN

0 0 0 L 1 0
a 0 a1 a2 L a N 1 1

C = [(b0 a0bN ) (b1 a1bN ) L (bN 2 aN 2bN ) (bN 1 aN 1bN )]

1 Forma Cannica
 a N 1 1 0 L 0 b N 1 a N 1b N
a 0 1 L 0 b
N2 N 2 a N 2 b N
A= M M M ; B= M ; D = bN

a1 0 0 L 1 b1 a1b N
a 0 0 0 L 0 b0 a 0 b N

C = [1 0 L 0 0]

Transformacin

A 1 = P A P 1 ; B1 = P B ; C 1 = C P 1 ; D1 = D

TRANSFORMADA DE FOURIER
Propiedades
f (t ) F ( )
a1 f1 (t ) + a 2 f 2 (t ) a1 F1 ( ) + a 2 F2 ( )
f ( t to ) e j to F ( )
1 F ( )
f (a t ) a
a
j o t F ( o)
e f (t )
f (t ) cos ( o t ) 1 F ( o) + 1 F ( + o)
2 2
1 F ( o) 1 F ( + o)
f (t ) sen ( o t )
2j 2j
F (t ) 2 f ( )

f ( n ) (t ) , n N ( j )n F ( )
t 1 F ( ) + F (0) ( )
f (u) du j
1
jt
f (t ) + f (0) (t )
F (u ) du

( j t )n f (t ) , n N F ( n ) ( )
f ( t ) g (t ) F ( ) G ( )

f ( t ) g (t ) 1 F ( ) G ( )
2

Igualdad de Parseval

f (t ) g (t ) dt = 1 F ( ) G ( ) d
2
1

2 2
f (t ) dt = F ( ) d
2

Pares transformados
1
e a t u(t ) j + a
a>0
 a t 2a a>0
e + a22

2 e 2 / 4 a a > 0
e a t a
n 1 1
t e a t u(t ) , n N a>0
( n 1)! ( j + a ) n
b
e a t sen (bt ) u(t ) a>0
( j + a ) 2 + b 2
j + a
e a t cos (bt ) u(t ) a>0
( j + a ) 2 + b 2
a
Pa (t ) a sinc
2
b
A(1 t / b) si t <b , 0 si t 0 Ab sinc 2
2
k (t ) k
( n ) (t ) , n N ( j ) n
k 2 k ( )

u(t )
1 + ( )
j
2
sgn(t )
j
t u(t ) 12 + j ( )

t n
, nN 2 j n ( n ) ( )

e j o t 2 ( o)
cos ( o t ) [ ( + o) + ( o)]
sen ( o t ) j [ ( + o) ( o)]
j
cos ( o t ) u (t ) 2 2
[ ( o) + ( + o)]
+
o 2
o
sen ( o t ) u (t ) 2 2
+ [ ( o) ( + o)]
o 2j

1 a
a>0 e
t + a2
2
a
cos(bt ) a b a +b
a>0 e +e
t 2 + a2 2a
sen(bt ) a b a +b
a>0 e e
t2 + a2 2aj

2
(t kT )
k =
0 ( n
n =
0 ) , 0 =
T

Fn e jn0t
n =
2 F
n =
n ( n 0 )
 TRANSFORMADA DE LAPLACE
Propiedades de la T. de Laplace Bilateral

1 Linealidad
af1 (t ) + bf 2 (t ) aF1 (s ) + bF2 (s ) , mx(1 , 2 ) mn(1 , 2 )

2 Cambio de Escala
1 s
f (at ) F , a a
a a

3 Desplazamiento en el tiempo
f (t t0 ) F (s )e t 0 s ,

4 Desplazamiento en frecuencia
e at f (t ) F (s + a ) , (a ) (a )

5 Convolucin en el tiempo
f1 (t ) * f 2 (t ) F1 (s ).F2 (s ) , mx(1 , 2 ) mn(1 , 2 )

6 Diferenciacin en el tiempo
d n f (t )
s n F (s ) ,
dt n

7 Integracin en el tiempo
F (s )
t

f ( )d s , mx ( ,0 )

F (s )

f ( )d
t
s
, mn( ,0)

8 - Diferenciacin en frecuencia
n
F (s )
( t )n f (t ) d ,
ds n

Propiedades de la T. unilateral de Laplace

f (t ) F (s )
f (t a ) u (t a ) , a > 0 e a s F (s )
1 s
f (a t ) , a > 0 F
a a
ebt f (t ) F ( s b)

t n f (t ) ( 1) n F ( n ) ( s ) n = 1,2,3...
f ( n ) (t ) s n F ( s ) s n 1 f (0) s n 2 f (0) s n 3 f (0) ... f ( n 1)
( 0)
f (t )
t s F (u ) du

t
0 f (u) g (t u) du F ( s ) G( s )
 t F ( s)
0 f (u) du s
1 T
f (t ) = f (t T )
1 e

sT 0
f (t ) e st dt

Teorema de Valor Final y Teorema de Valor Inicial

Lim f (t ) = Lim s F ( s )
t s0
Lim f (t ) = Lim s F ( s )
t 0+ s

Pares Transformados (Unilateral de Laplace)

(t ) 1 s
( n ) (t ) sn s

u( t ) 1 e( s ) > 0
s
n!
t n u(t ) e( s ) > 0
s n +1
1
e a t u(t ) e ( s ) > a
s+a
n!
t n e a t u(t ) e ( s ) > a
( s + a ) n +1
b
sen (bt ) u (t ) e( s ) > 0
s + b2
2

s
cos (bt ) u (t ) e( s ) > 0
s + b2
2

b
sh (bt ) u (t ) e( s ) >b
s b2
2

s
ch (bt ) u (t ) e( s ) >b
s b2
2

2b s
t sen (bt ) u (t ) e( s ) > 0
( s + b2 ) 2
2

s 2 b2
t cos (bt ) u(t ) e( s ) > 0
( s 2 + b2 ) 2
2b s
t Sh (bt ) u (t ) e( s ) > b
( s 2 b2 ) 2
s 2 + b2
t Ch (bt ) u(t ) e( s ) > b
( s 2 b2 ) 2
b
e a t sen (bt ) u(t ) e ( s ) > a
( s + a )2 + b2
s+a
e a t cos (bt ) u(t ) e ( s ) > a
( s + a )2 + b2
b
e a t Sh (bt ) u (t ) [e( s ) > b a ] [e( s ) > ( a + b)]
( s + a )2 b2
s+a
e a t Ch (bt ) u (t ) [e( s ) > b a ] [e( s ) > ( a + b)]
( s + a )2 b2