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TEGULA ROOF
By
NEQUINTO, REINALYN M.
JUNE 2011
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We are looking forward for something that will enhance our personality
that will make us a better person and make a significant existence. We want to
find the real us and mingle our lives with others. We hope that way will help our
This research paper would not have been accomplished without the
guidance of our Almighty Lord God and to those people who contributed as well
Ms. Ma. Lourdes Gatapia, their research adviser, for her patience,
To all the 4th year teachers of the Special Science Curriculum for their
advices especially to their ever supportive class adviser Mrs. Florina C. Federico,
To the friends of the researchers, for the over whelming support they gave
especially, Joyce, Jodi, Carmela, Boni, Micca, Jade and many more who helped
them in such a way that they will never forget them for the rest of their lives.
To their classmates, for the concerns and moral support and for the four
To their seatmate, Jaira Grace M. Obsequio, who is always there for them
even if we felt like giving up, remember that we love you always.
ii
To Engr. Jay-RaldM.Delos Santos, for the ideas and suggestion, for his
And also to their research teachers in the past few years, Mr. Cirilo Vista
and Mr. Jun Daracan Jr., who shared their knowledge to the researchers.
Lastly, to their family from the past, for the present and future.
R.M.N
A.B.L.O
A.N.P.S
08/28/11
iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
TITLE PAGE.i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS.iv
LIST OF TABLESvi
ABSTRACT. 1
CHAPTER I
Introduction.. 2
Paradigm 7
Conceptual Framework. 8
Definition of Terms. 8
CHAPTER II
CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
Research Design.. 20
Procedure/Method 21
iv
Application. 21
Observation 22
CHAPTER IV
Interpretations............................................................ 23
Discussions.. 25
Computations 25
CHAPTER V
Summary. 27
Conclusions 28
Implications 29
Recommendations 29
BIBLIOGRAPHY. 40
APPENDICES.. 41
v
LIST OF TABLES
Page
Table 1... 23
Table 1.1 23
Table 2 25
Table 2.1 26
Table 2.2 26
vi
Abstract
1
CHAPTER I
Introduction
because of the tremendous calamities that happen to strike our country. There
These past few days, the Philippines suffered from two consecutive
typhoons. Because of this, many water lilies manifest and grew in the big bodies
civilians cleared tons of water lilies from the Rio Grande at the southern part of
the Philippines.
from an underwater stem, which is buried in the mud and sends down rootlets for
anchorage. The water lily has round, leathery leaves, deeply notched at the
base, and a multi petaled white blossom (June-September). The yellow pond lily
2
October). Water Lily flowers are wonderfully showy and fragrant, lasting only a
few days. Some open during the day and close at night, others the opposite.
Water lilies add vibrant color to the pond. The flowers of the water lily are
up to 4 inches across with oblong petals arranged in circles around the center.
Tropical water lilies are not frost hardy. They will die if the pond water gets cold.
The advantage of tropical water lilies is they will have many flowers on one plant.
They also come in blue and purple which hardy water lilies don't. Hardy water
lilies survive the winter as dormant tubers. When spring arrives the lily starts to
grow and bloom again. Other colors for both hardy and tropical lilies include
With the introduction, we can see that we want to know more about the
importance and properties of water lilies so that we can turn nothing into
something new.
Hypothesis:
Alternative Hypothesis :
Null Hypothesis :
3
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
1. Can we use water lily fibers added to cement in making concrete tegula
roof?
2. How durable is the finished product if new used water lily fibers in making
3.1 Quality
3.2 Effectiveness
4. Testing
4.1 Strength
4.2 Durability
5. Cost
4
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Species in the water lily family are important components of the plant
They provide food for many types of herbivorous animals, and a habitat substrate
for others, such as the long-toed birds known as "lily-trotters" or jacanas (family
number of cultures. This is particularly true in India, China, Japan, and elsewhere
many gardens and parks, in paintings and other visual arts, in architectural motifs
Several other species in the water lily family are of minor economic
floating leaves, as well as their attractive flowers. Various species of water lilies
and spatterdocks are commonly planted in gardens which have shallow ponds
5
Another minor use of some species is in the production of food for fishes
grown in tropical aquaculture. Water lilies growing in commercial fish ponds are
Some people eat the seeds of Nymphaea, Nelumbo, and Victoria, but this
For students, this study will serve as a reference in dealing with fastest
improvement of discoveries. They may help also understand the concepts and
(http://science.jrank.org/pages/7309/Water-Lilies-Ecological-economic-
importance.html#ixzz1QpuFhcVV)
6
PARADIGM
INPUT PROCESS
PROCESS PROCESS
PROCESS OUTPUT
7
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
The illustration in the paradigm shows the method on how to dry the
leaves of water lily to get its fibers. It illustrates the input, processes and output of
drying leaves, getting the fibers, mixing and molding with cement. With these
The study is mainly concern about the fiber content of water lily that can
The proposal also covers the acceptability of this water lily fiber in the production
of less expensive tegula house roofs and its effectiveness at lower price. It also
includes the computation of its cost to be comparable to the concrete roof tiles
Definition of Terms:
Rome they replaced shingles, and were used on almost every type of
8
2. Fiber -a class of materials that are continuous filaments or are in discrete
include cotton, hemp, jute, flax, ramie, andsisal. Plant fibers are employed
3. Water Lily -The phrase "water lily" is used to describe aquatic plants of
crushed rock with burnt lime as binder. The volcanic ash and
pulverized brick additives that were added to the burnt lime to obtain a
and cement.
9
gravel or crushed rocks such as limestone, or granite, plus a fine
which are mixed together but are not combined chemically. Mixture refers
other chemical change, so that each ingredient substance retains its own
10
CHAPTER II
Water Lily
of Laguna de Bay are providing a promising livelihood venture for Taguig City
residents.
The plants are now processed and turned into decor and other items that
Water hyacinth bags, place mats, wreaths and even parol (Christmas
and Industrys One Town, One Product fair at Market! Market in Bonifacio Global
City.
Councilor Gigi de Mesa, one of the projects point persons, said the
project could also solve the problem of water lilies clogging Taguig River.
Water hyacinths, also called water lilies, thrive in parts of Laguna de Bay,
the third largest freshwater lake in Southeast Asia, and its tributaries, including
example, Napindan residents make slippers and place mats, while Signal Village
Not only does an authentic natural botanical source ensure the ready
uptake of nutrient by our skin, but the compatibility of a natural source limits
This ensures our systems of elimination can safely and effectively remove
unwanted compounds.
pure plant derived ingredients and the exclusion of benign mineral oil fillers and
petrochemical derivatives. Purity ensures that Waterlily products are free from
(Paniqui Water Lily Handicrafts, 2010) Dried water lily stalks woven into
wallets, pouches, belts, trays, placemats, boxes, tissue holders and many others
can be crafted by Paniqui folks using stalks of dried water hyacinths. The ample
visibility and fast growth of this plant caused a problem of obstructing the flow of
water as the region is traversed with many rivers, swamps, and creeks, causing
flooding during heavy rains. The local government started this project with 25
hyacinths. Its light yet strong fiber property can be woven to different products
13
according to the clients preferences. Because it is organic, it can be used for
The abundant yield of high quality dried water lily straws with the hard-
working weaving skills mean that the plant harvesters and weavers of Paniqui
have very good potential to enter the market of producing high quality hand-
applied to develop a range of good quality and attractive water lily fashion ware
The production of the water lily baskets and boxes would be undertaken
by the Paniqui Women Association and the PAGASA Youth Association both
recognized and supported by the local government. High quality fabric materials
for fastenings, linings, gloss, water-proofing, and highlights were sourced from
the locality.
14
Production of water lily mats, trays and other handicrafts would enhance
the quality and value of products produced by the local groups and should give in
The target market for water lily handicrafts would be predominately the
water lily handicrafts for wholesale to a number of domestic distributors and retail
networks.
The aim of water lily boxes, baskets, and handbags will primarily be environment
conscious consumers who do not use plastic bags or plastic containers. These
marketing and direct and indirect advertising campaigns backed up by the local
There are three main market targets for the water lily handicrafts. The
target for the water lily fashion items (mostly handbags, slippers, wallet, etc.) will
and Mindanao, as well as exporters for the United States, Japan, and European
markets. It is anticipated that domestic sales to cater to the large tourism market
all over the Philippine islands will make up the majority of water lily fashion item
sales.
15
The target market for water lily handicrafts (mostly lampshade, decorative
household products, placemats, etc.) will initially be the Filipino community living
abroad. This embodies a significant market, as there are many Filipinos working
around the world-over 860,000 not mentioning Filipino immigrants, so the overall
The main potential competitors would be other communities all over the country
who also started this water lily weaving project, as this is promoted by the
Department of Trade and Industry to local government units with trouble with the
Water lily products could compete well on the basis of price with other indigenous
The distinctive promotion about the water lily products is that they are well
crafted by hand utilizing indigenous materials and the designs are decorative
emphasizing the Filipino heritage. Also, the use of the product is very helpful to
the environment as it substitutes the use of plastic materials and at the same
time ceases the clogging of flow of water on rivers and creeks. However, the
selling price of the handicrafts is very reasonable. The handicrafts could also be
made to order.
16
The water lily project started as a livelihood program for the Paniqui
with the help of the Municipal Social Welfare and Development Office.
which also gives the needed promotional and advertising campaign with the
national agency, the Department of Trade and Industry who assist the weavers
who were once dawdling outside their homes playing cards and getting drunk the
everyday.
Some weavers take their work at home with the whole family joining the
making of the water lily handicrafts. While others chooses to work at the Paniqui
A household would earn roughly around three hundred pesos (Php 300)
weekly during slack season and about six hundred pesos (Php 600) weekly
17
Before it became a livelihood program last August 2008, the conceptions
for these water lilies are pests to the community as it hampers the flow of water
in rivers and creeks during heavy rains causing flooding in the area.
It is projected that by the fourth year of operation the total income for the workers
from handcrafting activities could increase roughly 3 times by the year 2012.
2011) While the residents of Cotobato are busy removing tons of water hyacinths
from Delta Bridge of Rio Grande de Mindanao River, the residents of Las Pias
They harvesting water lilies (stalks) from Zapote river. Then dry in oven or
under suns heat. Pass it through a flattening machine. Then it is used for making
variety of handicrafts like bags, basket, chair, lampshade, bayong and slippers.
Water lily fiber is as strong as abaca, softer to weave. Their products are
Cotobato City. De-clogging duty is a joint force of army, DPWH, local government
More residents using water lilies in create handicraft will mean lesser flood
problems. Time will come that we need to culture them to meet local and foreign
demands.
18
(Water lily fibers supply textile artisans, 2009) Renewable fibers from
coconuts, bamboo and pineapple are joined by a new plant-based raw material:
the lovely water lily. The Philippino Las Pinas Water Lily Weaving Center recently
donated an extracting and drying machine for water lily fiber to Malabon City to
support artisans making handicrafts such as bags, table runners, carpets and
other textiles. The machinery will allow Malabon residents to more efficiently use
REFERENCES:
http://newsinfo.inquirer.net/inquirerheadlines/metro/view/20081108-
170963/Water-lily-products-made-in-Taguig
http://www.waterlilybodyandbath.com.au/content/
http://epaniqui.com/homepage/news/opinion-and-features/400-paniqui-
water-lily-handicrafts.htmlindex.php?id=9
http://specialtyfabricsreview.com/articles/0609_sw16_lily.html
http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-195511151.html
http://www.luntiancorner.com/green/water-hyacinth-handicrafts/
http://specialtyfabricsreview.com/articles/0609_sw16_lily.html
19
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design
The method that will be used in this study is the experimental method. In
order to indicate and determine the importance of Water lilies in the community
despite the fact that it harmed the lives of some Filipinos in Cotabato City, the
researchers want to turn these plants that were considered trash into useful ones
that may help enhance the quality of the concrete materials for construction,
Type A Cement
20
Procedure
In making tegula house roofs out of cement and water lily fibers, gather
first the materials to be used. Dry the water lily stems for one whole week. While
drying the stems, it is better to make the molder so that time will not be wasted.
Then remove the outer part or the skin of the stems in order to get the
Second, cut the fibers into small pieces. Prepare the mold and apply used
oil so we can easily get the product when dried. Mix the cement, a small volume
of wood ashes, water and the dried fibers of water lily. Third, put the mixture into
the molder and wait until its solidified. Lastly, remove it from the molder.
Application
The gathering of water lily fibers takes about 4 days and the drying of
leaves is about one week. Making the whole Tegula House Roof will take about 4
We will let it dry for 4 days, and then get the product slowly from the mold.
21
Observation
In the first step of this method, which is the collection of water lily fibers,
the researchers did not find it so hard to gather, because water lilies are
The process of taking off the skin is the easiest way, but takes a longer
period of time.
The reaserchers need the sand-like texture of the fibers. They did this by
cutting the fibers until we reach our desired texture. It is easier to use blender
Preparing the mixture is like the typical way of mixing cement and sand
just like the construction workers domixing cement and sand and adding water.
The only difference is they added the cut water lily fibers into the mixture.
The purpose of adding the grinded water lily fibers is to make the product
lighter than the original product, but still, it has the quality of a good Tegula house
roof. It also lessens the population of water lilies in rivers and ponds. The cost of
this new product is priced lower than the pure-cement tegula house roof.
22
CHAPTER IV
The findings were taken through experiment presenting the result of the
Interpretation
An impact test was done to obtain the strength of the Tegula House Roof.
Ash:WaterLily:Cement Result
(Water)
1:2:3 (2.75) 2
1:2:3 (2.50) 3
1:2:3 (2) 5
23
Rating Scales :
5 no cracks, no damage
On the first test that we did, we stepped on the product for 10seconds and
recorded our observation. The product was broken into fragments and had many
cracks. Because of this, we have to make another product, but this time, we
added the admixture to make the next product more compact and increase its
strength.
On the second trial, we also stepped on the Tegula. It was broken into two
pieces, unlike the first that had many cracks and fragments. We can say that
24
On the third trial, when we stepped on the Tegula, but it was not broken,
or even a single crack was not visible. We can say that our Tegula is durable and
strong.
same. It did not burn, but left a mark on the Tegula product.
Discussion
Comparing the Tegula product that was made into the commercial Tegula
sample, we can say that the strength and durability of our product is the same as
the commercialized Tegula. It is also fire resistant. Hence, the Tegula house roof
that we made is a quality product which can be sold in the market at a lower
price.
Table 2.Computations:
Material Cost
25
Table 2.1Materials needed for every piece of roof tiles:
Material Unit
Cement 3 kg
Admixture 200 mL
Cost = Php19.7153
26
CHAPTER V
Summary
This investigatory research proposal aimed to determine if water lily fibers can
1. Can we use water lily fibers as an additive in making concrete tegula roof?
2. How durable is the finished product if the researchers used water lily fibers in
3. The researchers want to determine the quality of water lily fibers in terms of:
3.1 Quality
3.2 Effectiveness
4. Testing
4.1 Strength
4.2 Durability
5. Cost
27
The researchers used experimental method to produce or manufacture tegula
house roof using water lily fibers. In making tegula house roof, the researchers
first gathered all samples. The water lily fibers should be dried up before it would
be grinded to its smallest particles. After the preparation of the materials, it will be
mixed together with different ratio to attain the desired result. It will undergo into
curing so that it can be tested to know the compressive strength of the sample
Conclusion
1. Water lily fibers are possible to use in making tegula house roof.
3. Using water lily fibers as one of the main components or additives to the tegula
house roof help the environment in such a way that it can help reduce the water
lily waste population and to reduce air pollution in using wood ashes as well.
Manufacturing of this tegula house roofing also help to create job opportunities to
the community. The tegula house roof made is priced low due to the raw
materials used.
4. In actual making of this tegula house roof it was found out that too much water
lily fibers, wood ashes and less amount of cement makes it weak. Furthermore, it
was also found out that during the process, the mixture must have a well-
28
IMPLICATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Implications
implications:
1. During experimentation, the researchers found out that the water that settled in
2. The more water lily fibers to be mixed, the more water to add.
3. The amount of water to be added also affect the strength of the mixture.
Recommendations
After the data and findings were analyzed, the researchers recommend the
following:
1. To the next researchers who has interest in Applied Science involving water lily
effectiveness of water lily fibers and wood ashes in making tegula house roofs
3. Try to use various additives that can be an alternative for better and lower priced
product.
29
4. Try to find other materials that can be used for the tegula molder.
5. Study more about the fibers and types of cement more appropriate to use in
6. Further research in its uses is highly recommended to ease the fear of what the
30
Impact Test and Compressive Strength
Trial 1
First Test
32
Trial 2
Second Test
33
Trial 3
Third test
No damage
34
Fire Resistance Test
36
Procedures
37
Preparing the molder Putting floor wax on the molder
Mixing the cement, water, and Putting the mixture in the molder
admixture
38
Molding Letting it dry
Final Product
39
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Internet
www.google.com
www.yahoo.com
http://www.wikipedia.org/
http://www.waterlilybodyandbath.com
http://epaniqui.com
http://newsinfo.inquirer.net
http://specialtyfabricsreview.com
http://www.highbeam.com
http://www.luntiancorner.com
www.inquirer.net
www.philstar.com
40
APPENDICES
TIME TABLE
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Revision
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
42