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TIME
(+) (-) (?)
(She/He/It) is smart.
(She/He/It) smart. Is (she/he/it) smart?
I am a student of MAWAR. Am I a student of MAWAR?
I am not a student of MAWAR.
(They/We/You) are in Gondanrojo (today). Are (they/we/you) in Gondanrojo (today)?
PRESENT
(They/We/You) in Gondanrojo (today).
(They/We/You) were in Gondanrojo (this morning). Were (they/we/you) in Gondanrojo (this morning)?
(They/We/You) in Gondanrojo (this morning).
PAST
month).
aux.(modal) infinitive(be) Gerund(Verb) aux.(modal) infinitive(be) Gerund(Verb) aux.(modal) infinitive(be) Gerund(Verb)
S + (shall/will) + (be)
+ (Verb1ing)
+ O/C S + (shall/will) + NOT + (be)
+ (Verb1ing) + O/C (shall/will)
+S+ (be)
+ (Verb1ing)
+ O/C + (?)
VERBAL
(She was here after) (they/we/I/you/she/he/it) had (already) (She was here after) (they/we/I/you/she/he/it)
played Had (they/we/I/you/she/he/it) (already) played football (before
played football. * she was here)?*
football (yet).
*SPT (after) PPT *biar masuk rumus (after) dirubah dulu menjadi (before)
aux.(modal) infinitive(have) Past Participle(be) aux.(modal) infinitive(have) Past Participle(be) aux.(modal) infinitive(have) Past Participle(be)
S + (shall/will) + (have)
+ (been)
+ C S+ (shall/will)
+NOT+ (have)
+ (been)
+C (shall/will)
+S+ (have)
+ (been)
+ C + (?)
(I/We) shall have been in Gondanrojo (next week) (when Shall (I/we) have been in Gondanrojo (next week) (when
NOMINAL
aux.(have)1 Past Participle(be) Gerund(be) aux.(have)1 Past Participle(be) Gerund(be) aux.(have)1 Past Participle(be) Gerund(be)
S+ + + (being) + C S+ + NOT + + + C +S+ + (being) + C + (?)
NOMINAL
(have/has) (been) (have/has) (been) (being) (have/has) (been)
(She/He/It) has been being in Gondanrojo (for 2 years). (She/He/It) been being in Gondanrojo (for 2 years).
aux.(have)1 Past Participle(be) Gerund(Verb) aux.(have)1 Past Participle(be) Gerund(Verb) aux.(have)1 Past Participle(be) Gerund(Verb)
S+ (have/has)
+ (been)
+ (Verb1ing) + O/C S+ (have/has)
+ NOT + (been)
+ (Verb1ing)
+ O/C (have/has)
+S+ (been)
+ (Verb1ing) + O/C + (?)
VERBAL
aux.(have)2 Past Participle(be) Gerund(be) aux.(have)2 Past Participle(be) Gerund(be) aux.(have)2 Past Participle(be) Gerund(be)
S+ + + (being) + C S+ + NOT + + + C +S+ + (being) + C + (?)
PERFECT CONTINUOUS (SUDAH LAMA)
aux.(have)2 Past Participle(be) Gerund(Verb) aux.(have)2 Past Participle(be) Gerund(Verb) aux.(have)2 Past Participle(be) Gerund(Verb)
S+ (had)
+ (been)
+ (Verb1ing) + O/C S+ (had)
+ NOT + (been)
+ (Verb1ing)
+ O/C (had)
+S+ (been)
+ (Verb1ing) + O/C + (?)
VERBAL
(She was here after), (they/we/I/you/she/he/it) had been (She was here after), (they/we/I/you/she/he/it)
been Had (she was here after), (they/we/I/you/she/he/it) been playing
playing football (since this morning).* football (since this morning)?
playing football (since this morning).
*SPT (after) PPCT
aux.(modal) infinitive(have) Past Participle(be) Gerund(be) aux.(modal) infinitive(have) Past Participle(be) Gerund(be) aux.(modal) infinitive(have) Past Participle(be) Gerund(be)
S+ + + + +C S+ +NOT+ + + +C +S+ + + + C + (?)
(shall/will) (have) (been) (being) (shall/will) (have) (been) (being) (shall/will) (have) (been) (being)
NOMINAL
(Tomorrow), (when you come), (I/we) shall have been Shall (tomorrow), (when you come), (I/we) have been playing
VERBAL