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 2
attending W erner Erhards famous
est-training. My translation was
conducted for the purposes of our
small circle and typed up in several
copies that circulated within the
group. There was simply no way
to publish books like these in the
USSR they were considered
to be incompatible with Marxist-
2004 Leninist ideology so sam izdat

- (self published) books were very

, , . common.
,
, ctually, nothing cam e of
. , Mental Research Institute
-, .
Kybemetes (, )
. .
A Joseph G oldins plans at
th a t tim e. H ow ever, had
his efforts occurred seven or
eight years later at the height of
XXI . G orbachevs policy of glasnost,
. the results might have been quite
- . different. But even in the early
. 80s Jo se p h G o ld in a ch ie ve d
som e a m a z in g th in g s . S ince
he late 1970s to the early possible to start a branch of he had a keen understanding

T 1980s in Russia is regarded

as the very apotheosis of
Brezhnevs era of stagnation.
Esalen in the very center of the
Communist
of the
world
cyclone,

so
in
to
the center
speak.
In the late 1970s I had just
of the functioning of the Soviet
b u re a u c ra tic m a ch in e and of
its undocumented options he
managed to organize several visits
Nothing worked, this huge land
w as frozen in a condition of g ra d u a te d fro m the P h ysical to Moscow of key personalities in
inactivity that was paralleled by the Faculty of Moscow State University the Human Potential Movement,
m arasm us senilis of the General and was a member of a group of in clu d in g W e rn e r E rhard and
Secretary of the Communist Party, enthusiasts who gathered around Michael Murphy. It was Michael

Dmitry FEDOTOV

Struggling for a Russian Bateson

Kybemetes, Volume 36, Issue 7/8, 2007. Gregory Bateson memorial issue

Leonid Brezhnev. Towards the end
of his rule he could hardly talk.
But in d o w n to w n M oscow
astonishing things were happening.
F o rm e r m ic r o b io lo g is t a n d
hypnotherapist Joseph Goldin, a
charismatic figure who lived in a
dilapidated three-storey apartment
building on Yuzhinsky Lane, set
about organizing a Moscow branch
of the Esalen Institute. He was
quite convinced that this was
Joseph Goldin and were inspired
by his aims. It was in his circle
that I became acquainted with
m odern tre n d s in h u m a n istic
psychology and read a number of
important books in English, such
as Erick Bernes G am es People
Play. It was in this book where
I first came across the name of
Gregory Bateson. Then I translated
The Book o f E st by Luke Rhinehart,
which describes the experience of
Murphy who first gave me first-hand
information about the important
yet enigmatic figure of Gregory
B ateson, w h o had then only
recently passed away. But I had no
access to genuine Bateson texts
and for me he remained a mythical
figure for another 10 years.
'hen Leonid Brezhnev died,
I the regim e ch an ged, and
in the mid 80s Gorbachevs

perestroika took hold. This Russian
word means reconstruction and
reflected the irrational belief of
soft-liners within the Communist
establishment that there was some
m yste rio u s hidden p otentia l
within Socialism that could be
activated to make the dying Soviet
system work. W e now know that
th e se hopes w e re fu tile. But
back then we were all seized by
this new experience of political
and so cia l life. O u r hum an
potential circle disintegrated of
its own accord. Joseph Goldin
became involved in the first Soviet-
US spacebridges which linked
Russian and American audiences
via satellite TV. These were lead
by Vladimir Posner on the Russian
side and Phil Donahue on the
American side.
Due to the relaxation of state
censorship and the ideological press,
more and more New Age books
became available in translation. I
read everything I could find and
came across the name of Gregory
Bateson in increasing frequency.
I found references to him in
books by Allan W atts, Ronald
Laing, Fritjof Capra and Stanislav
Grof. He was constantly cited in
the books on N euro-Linguistic
P ro gram m ing (N LP ) th a t first
appeared in Moscow around that
time. Once I happened upon an
American magazine with an article
describing the cybernetics of a
schizophrenic family. I cannot now
recollect the author but perhaps it
was Mara Selvini Palazzoli. The
article intrigued me, but I couldnt
find out anything more about the
subject. Back then, we were very
limited in our ability to search
for information, the internet still
hadnt reached Russia. So I had
no overall, coherent picture of
Batesonian ideas.
2 1 2 0 1
radical shift in my relation
A ship with Bateson came a
few years after the Soviet
U nion c o lla p s e d in 1991. In
19 9 3 , B a te s o n s w e ll-k n o w n
article Tow ards a T he ory of
S c h iz o p h re n ia a p p e a re d in
the M oscow P sychotherapeutic
Journal. This was the first Russian
translation of an authentic Bateson
text and for me it was a veritable
culture shock. Through m utual
friends I contacted the translator,
Michael Papush a M oscow
psychotherapist who gave me
a photocopy of Batesons book
Steps to an E cology o f Mind.
S te p s to a n E c o lo g y o f
M in d is quite a d ive rse and
multidimensional book and Bateson
himself recommended reading it
selectively. So I focused on Part III:
Form and Pathology in Relationship,
which contains articles connected
with Palo-Alto Project, the theory
of schizophrenia and double bind
theory. The more I read the more
excited I became. The passion
these texts evoked in me had a
serious system ic basis. One of
Batesons most important concepts
is the pattern that connects. I
realized that for me, personally,
Batesonian ideas themselves were
connecting patterns, perfectly
linking the two parts of my mind,
which then existed in regrettable
separation. That is, his ideas
connected my scientific mind
with my humanist mind.
had had a serious education (my
specialization was theoretical
physics) so I felt perfectly at
hom e am ong von N e um a ns
ga m es , c y b e rn e tic circu its,
feedbacks, statistical redundancies
and the like. But Bateson was
applying all these matters to the
world of behavior, emotions and
even amazingly! art. Of
course I was well acquainted
with Norbert W ieners works on
the application of cybernetic ideas
to physiological and sociological
matters, but Bateson was aiming
even further, to an extent that
I seemed almost impossible. To
I me, the most striking thing was
I his notion that the behavior of
I madmen seemingly the most
absurd and chaotic phenomenon
o f all th a t can be fo u n d in
the world of human interactions
appears to be formalized and
predictable, almost mathematical.
Apparently chaos is no longer that
chaotic when broken down into
logical levels.
he possibility, demonstrated by
T Bateson, of linking the Platonic
world of rigorous formalism
with the hurly-burly world of living
organisms impressed me then and
still impresses me now. It was
clear that these articles must be
translated and made available to
a Russian audience.
My initial plans w ere quite
m odest. I could not co nsider
translating such a volum inous
 2
and diverse book as Steps to an
E cology o f M ind in full. I decided
to work on just one section, Form
a n d P a th o lo g y in R e la tio n sh ip,
which is dedicated mostly to the
cybernetics of schizophrenia. By
the end of 1997, 10 articles were
ready for publication (M ichael
Papushs 1993 translation, plus
nine others translated by me).
I had already lined up a small
private publishing house to publish
what should have been a modest
but decent paperback. But then the
economic crisis of 1998 happened.
My publisher went bankrupt, as
did thousands of small businesses
across Russia.
Here I should say a few words
about the copyright situation in
Russia. The Russian Federation
is assignee to the Soviet Union
which was a signatory to the
Universal C opyright Convention
in 1973. Hence, books published
before 1973 are not copyright
on the territory of the Russian
Federation. This applies to Steps
to an E cology o f M ind because it
was initially published in 1972.
The economic and social chaos,
the avalanche of bankruptcies
and the galloping inflation that
followed the 1998 crisis put my
publishing plans into doubt. I
appealed one by one to the few
remaining publishing houses that
specialized in psych olog y but
nobody wanted to take the risk.
They all considered the project to
be commercially unviable.
evertheless, through trial
N and error, my search for a
publisher finally bore fruit.
At the beginning of 1999 I was
approached by Dmitry Leontiev,
the director of Smysl, a Moscow
publishing house. He had rejected
my project several months before
but was now applying for a grant
from the Soros Foundation to
publish a number of books and
he wanted to include Steps to
an E cology o f M ind in his list.
I subm itted an extract of my
translated Bateson text and, of the
six books that Leontiev applied for
money to publish, only Steps to
an E cology o f M ind won the grant.
So I set about translating the rest
of the book.
The first part of 2000 saw
experts at the Soros Foundation
and scientific editors of Smysl
scrutinizing the translated text.
Finally in November 2000 book
was published. W hat had been
unimaginable only a few years
before was now reality.
The works of Bateson pose a
serious challenge to the translator.
First, they are highly complicated
in content, second, the form in
which this content is presented can
hardly be called simple. Batesons
love of citing sophisticated and
som etim es obscure poetry (like
that of W illiam Blake, W allace
Stevens or Thom as Elliot) creates
a lot of problems. Some terms
coined by him (e.g. difference that
makes a difference) are difficult
to translate into Russian for they
are based on play on words. Many
of the examples he provides to
explain his complicated concepts
involve cultural realities that are
com pletely unknown in Russia,
and consequently explain nothing
to the Russian reader. Fortunately
by 1999 I had internet access
and that helped me to clarify what
Bateson was saying.
T
he internet also enabled contact
with Mary Catherine Bateson,
daughter of Gregory Bateson
and Margaret Mead and head of
the Institute for Intercultural Studies
(http://www.interculturalstudies.org)
w hich holds the literary rights
of Gregory Bateson. She kindly
co m m e n te d on som e of the
most difficult parts of her fathers
book. I reproduce a small part
of my correspondence with Mary
Catherine Bateson as I think her
comments could be of value to
English readers as well.
D F D ear Mrs. B ateson! A t the
m om ent Im working a t the article
M inim al R equirem ents fo r Theory
o f Schizophrenia in which G regory
Bateson refers to telencephalized
brain:
At this p o in t it is necessary
to com pare thre e types o f
hierarchy with which we are
faced:
a) the hierarchy o f orders
o f learning;
b) the hierarchy o f contexts
o f learning;
c) hierarchies o f circuits
structure which we m ay
indeed, m ust expect
to find in a telencephalized
brain.
From W ebster I kn o w that:
tele nceph alon the a n te rio r
s u b d iv is io n o f th e e m b ryo n ic
fore b ra in o r the corre spond ing
p a rt o f the ad u lt forebrain that
includes the cerebral hem ispheres
an d associated structures, b u t
telencephalized brain s till doesnt
m ake sense to me. C ould you
please help?
M C B D m itry! In gen era l, I
assum e that G B here m eans a
brain (advanced to the p o in t of)
having a telencephalon. This is
p a rt o f the neocortex found in
m am m als. Im plicit here is that this
furthest front p a rt o f the cortex
is the new est o r m ost evolved
p a rt o f the brain. The reference
to em bryology in the dictionary
de fin itio n seem s irre le va n t (the
la s t evo lve d p a rt o f the brain
w ould be the la st to develop in
the em bryo).
He seem s to have coined the
verb. Its p re tty clear b u t probably
unnecessarily m ystifying. He could

as easily have said m am malian,
bu t the eye w ould slide over it
w ith out re co g n izin g th a t he is
saying that higher levels o f learning
require the best available brain.
o that explained telence-
S phalisation. But the most
serious problem of transla
tion arose w ith double bind,
perhaps the most important of all
Batesons terms. Not only is the
concept of a double bind difficult
to understand for it implies
understanding Bertrand Russells
multi-level logical typing but the
very verbal construction is another
of Batesons play on words.
The English adjective double
splits into two semantic branches
one of which corresponds to
the notion of twofold or dual
while the other corresponds to the
notion of duplicitous or possibly
tricky. For this second semantic
branch the Collins Dictionary gives
the following synonymic row:
double (adj) deceitful, dishonest,
false, insincere, knavish, perfidious,
treacherous, vacillating.
his m eaning is reflected in
T the idiom atic constructions:
doubling, double-dealer, double-
faced, double-tongued, double-talk,
double-cross, double-think etc. From
the standpoint of the subsequent
notion of the pathogenic and
schizophrenogenic characteristics
of double bind, this second branch
is possibly even more important
than the first.
The problem is that in Russian
there is no one adjective that
combines both these connotations.
That is why in Russian literature
on psychology and psychiatry
translators have used about a
dozen variants to translate this
phrase. None of them is adequate.
It is interesting to note that the
concept of double bind started
2 (20)
infiltrating Russian thought long
before Bateson himself was first
mentioned.
That is why for the Russian
edition of 2000 Michael Papush
and I wrote an extensive foreword
explaining this complicated linguistic
situation. For the term double bind
regarded as expanded commentary
we proposed a neutral minimalist
variant that back-translates into
English as dual message. This
variant em phasizes the idea that
double-binding is first of all a
communicative phenomenon. This
Russian variant is now being
used with increasing frequency in
Russian professional circles.
In O c to b e r 2 0 0 6 M o sco w
publishing house URSS (http://
urss.ru) published Batesons M ind
and N ature in my translation for
which URSS bought the Russian
publishing rights from the Institute
for Intercultural Studies.
Using internet search engines I
keep a constant track of Russian
publications and can certify that the
number of times Bateson is cited
is growing steadily. Nevertheless
Batesons legacy and ideas are
still relatively unknown in Russia,
certainly m uch less than they
deserve to be.
am now working on a translation
of S acred Unity: Further Steps
to an Ecology o f Mind, a second
(posthumous) collection of Batesons
essays edited and published by Dr.
Rodney E. Donaldson in 1991.
In its structure this collection is
similar to the famous collection
published in 1972 but is, strangely,
little-known. S acred U nity is, to a
considerable degree, composed of
articles that Bateson wrote towards
the end of his life, indeed, some
he wrote while writing M ind and
Nature. Unfortunately, the tragic
circumstances of the last part of
Gregory Batesons life meant that
M ind and N ature was brief. The
articles in S acred U nity can be
on m any of the complicated items
that are only briefly touched upon
in M ind and N ature and are
therefore extremely important.
Moscow, Russia,
November 2006
International Colloquium of Translation
Translation in all its aspects with focus on
International dialogue
Istanbul (oct. 21-23, 2009)
he Association of Translation which brings
T together translators, translation bureaus and
translation scholars will hold an international
colloquium on the occasion of the 10th
anniversary of its foundation, under the auspices
of Instanbul University.
In an age where intercultural relations
are expanding, it will be of special importance
to hold this Colloquium in Turkey given her
location at the intersection of cultures serving
as the cradle of civilizations from the past to the
present. Views and discussions by translators
as agents of communication from all sub-fields
of the profession, researches of the fields in
question, translator trainers and scholars of
cultural and political research will, no doubt, open
up new horizons for all interested and involved
in translation.
For more information and inquiries:
genelsekreter@cerviridemegi.org
 2
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 2 27
ps tableaux sont accompagnes dexplications sa

C les prmcipes de calcul des moyennes indiquees.

Dn notera que la facturation au temps passe
semble se repandre, ce qui nous parait interessant pour
la profession. Les tableaux indiquent les prix moyens
pratiques par mot a traduire. Rappelons que ces prix
sentendent HORS TAXES.

e resultat statistique de cette enquete ne peut don-

L ner quune idee generate sur le prix marchand

de la traduction dans les diverses categories ou
combinaisons linguistiques.
Tout traducteur doit savoir quil lui appartient
detablir son tarif personnel, en fonction de son ex , -
perience, de ses specialites et de ses competences, des
conditions dans lesquelles il repond aux demandes de
sa clientele et des prestations quil peut assurer.
L'exercice dune profession liberate est caracterise,
entre autres, par la libre discussion des honoraires. Un
traducteur liberal a done toute latitude pour definir et
difluser a ses clients son tarif personnel, precisant les
prix quil pratique ainsi que les termes et conditions qui
regissent son exercice professionnel.
Nous vous conseillons vivement detablir avant
toute traduction un devis, qui doit etre accepte par
le client (devis etabli, en principe, a partir du texte
source) et de demander un bon de commande. Cette
pratique, garante de la professionnalite du traducteur,
evite beaucoup de litiges ulterieurs, notamment sur les
modes de decompte, car laceeptation du devis engage
les deux parties.
II est admis que, pour une commande importante,
le traducteur demande a son client de lui verser une
provision dont le montant sera defini dun commun
accord (20 a 30% du devis, par exemple). On peut
aussi envisager dans ce cas une livraison et un paie-
ment fractionnes.
Le Code Professionnel edite par la SFT vous
apportera toutes les precisions utiles sur les conditions
dexercice de la profession.
Questions de Venquete:
Question 1. Etes-vous membre de la SIT?
Q.2. Dans quelle tranche dage vous situez-vous?
Q.3. Experience professionnelle: depuis combien
dannees exercez-vous la profession?
Q.4. Exercez-vous: a temps complet, a 75%, a mi-
temps, autre
Q.5. Dans quelle region etes-vous installe?
Q.5a. Si vous etes-vous a letranger: dans quel pays?
Q.6. Etes-vous titulaire dun diplome (plusieurs
,
2008 SFT ( ),
SFT (www.sft.fi) FIT ( .).
,
, ,
.
, ,
.
reponses possibles)? cible sans connaissance du texte source afin de verifier
detudes superieures (niveau licence ou equivalent) la syntaxe, la grammaire et lorthographe), revision
detudes superieures en traduction et/ou interpretation (lecture comparee du texte source et du texte cible afin
autre de verifier la syntaxe, la grammaire et la terminologie),
Q.7. Etes-vous generaliste ou bien avez-vous une terminologie (recherches, constitutions de corpus, de
specialisation? glossaires, redaction de definition...), ingenierie de
Q.7c. Indiquez le domaine si vous ctes specialise(e) localisation, gestion de projets, sous-titrage/doublage
de films, redaction technique ou de supports de com
Domaine de specialisation (plus de 75%) munication, mise en page, formation, autre
Aits et litterature, communication, economie et gestion,
industries et techniques, juridique et politique, sciences Q.13. Ufflisez-vous un logiciel de TAO?
humaines et appliquees, tourisme et loisirs Si oui, lequel?
Outil Outil TAO utilise
Q.8. Combien de formations professionnelles avez- Trados Trados
vous suivies en 2007? Wordfast Wordfast
Q.9t Est-ce que vous facturez au temps passe? Transit Autres
Chez le traducteur, chez le client DejaVu Transit
Q.9tl. Si vous facturez au temps passe, quel est votre Translation Manager Deja Vu
prix pour: Similis Translation Manager
Prix a la joumee, chez soi, chez le client Logitem Similis
Q.10. Majorations Autres Logitem
Urgences, travail de nuit, original mal redige, power- Avez-vous lhabitude d e ...:
point, nomenclature, ou presentation Cles en Q .1 4 .... etablir un devis? Q .1 5 .... demander un
main, originaux sur papier, textes illisibles/ difficultes acompte? Q.16.... recevoir un bon de commande?
de dechiffrage Q.17. Avec quel type de clientele travaillez-vous?
Q .ll. Pratiquez-vous une facturation minimum? Editeurs, collegues, fen ces, clients directs
Q .lla. Si oui, pour quel montant? Q.18. Estimez-vous votre chiffre daffaires satis-
Q .ll En plus de la traduction, proposez-vous dautres faisant?
prestations? Q.19. En 2007, avez-vous obtenu des contacts profes-
Interpretation de liaison, interpretation de conference, sionnels par les moyens dinformation de la SFT?
relecture/correction de textes (relecture d un texte Q.20. Avez-vous souscrit une assurance RCP?

Statistiques sur les prix par langue

Statistiques significatives Prix direct Prix Prix Prix
Min max ecart type moyenne Agence Edition Trad. Assermentee
litteraire
Combinaison de langues
Anglais-Russe 0.11 E 0.14 E 0.02 E 0.13 E 68.00% 96.00% 104.00%
FrancaisRusse 0.10 E 0.24 E 0.06 E 0.15 E 93.33% 112.00%
Russe-Franfais 0.07 E 0.25 E 0.05 E 0.16 E 82.49% - 122.58%
Allemand-Russe 0.12 E 0.12 E n/a 0.12 E 83.33% 83.33% 116.67%
Russe-Anglais 0.00 E 0.00 E n/a If - -
I
 2

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1. Pochhacker Franz. Quality Assessment .

in Conference and Community Interpreting ,
. [Journal] // Meta. - Vienna, Austria: Erudit, www. ,
, erudit.org, 2001. - Vol. 46.
, 2. Sapir Edward. Culture, Language and
Personality [Book], - Berkeley and Los Angeles:
University of California Press, 1956. .
. 3. Shackman Jane. The Right to be Understood:
A Handbook on Working With, Employing
, and Training Community Interpreters [Book], , ,

- Cambridge, England: National Extension
College, 1984.
4. Shin Hyon and Bruno Rosalind. U.S.
Census Bureau, Population Division [Online]
, -
,
,
,
1
1
1
1
, II Language Use and English-Speaking Ability: , |
2000. - US Census Bureau, October 2003. 1
. - PDF. - May 7, 2008. - http://www.census. .
gov/prod/2003pubs/c2kbr-29.pdf.
5. Sofer Morry. The Translators Handbook , 1
, [Book]. - Rockville, Maryland: Schreiber Pub , .
lishing, Inc., 2006.
6. .. - |
[ ] // I

- . - ( , I
- , 1995 I
, 2002, 9 2002 . - 29 2008 . ).
. - http://www.spbumag.nw.rU/2002/28/1 5.html. I
, 7. ; . ft
(www.esti.msu.ru)
, [Report]. - http://www. 1500
demoscope.ru/weekly/2007/0275/biblio04.php: 1 2009 .
The World Bank, 2006. - p. 233. colloque_esti@mail.ru.
8.
1 2009.

. :
, [Online] // .. () +
, , -
, Weekly, 2008. - 2,
(Pochhacker, 2001). 2008. - http://www.polit.ru/research/2005/08/18/
demoscope207.html#_ftn67. ,
,
.
,
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ER you received CPR Now you keep , ,
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 2
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 2

, - . 15, 2008. - http://pgur.narod.ru/sleng/sleng.htm.

, ; - .. ...
Souffle : , , , [Article] // Panorama Charlotte.
;
Status Hispanicus
, ;
,

,
- Charlotte, NC: Tri-State Russian Market Media
Group, 2007. - 53. - pp. 4445.

:
UBI (Unexplained Beer Injury) :
: How are you doing, darling LOL?
, , (- , 4806 4.12.08
: ,
)?
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. 150200 ,
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, , , () . :
, Now keep your shirt on and dont sweat! , ,
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.
.
RN will be checking your vitals constantly.

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stops. , , ,
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done soon.
. .

30
. , You are in good hands.
. 70 .
Just take it easy and catch forty winks
, before the tests are ready. He ,
, , ,
.
( 08). , - .
, , ,
, Olson Elaine. Stedmans Guide to Idioms. Know ,
the Lingo [Book], Baltimore, Maryland: Lippin- ,
.
cott Williams & Wilkins, 2005. , -
Medilexicon. 2007. MediLexicon International Ltd.
August 15, 2008 <http://www.medilexicon.com>.
, , . . ,
, Roat Cynthia. Health Care Interpreting - An ,
Emerging Discipline [Journal] II ATA Chronicle. - ,
, ;
Alexandria, VA: American Translators Association,
March 2000.
, Suhocki Steve. Medspeak: Language of ER ,
.
. [Online] // Rice Unix Facility (RUF) WWW Server.
!
April 2, 2008. - http://www.rijf.rice.edu/~kemmer/ !
, Words04/usage/jargon_medical.html.
.. [Online], -

 2
,
. ,
( maville.com 28/09/2008)
S MA, ENT, PPRE.... Le langage
de lEducation nationale est cri-
de sigles et dexpressions
barbares dont le sens echappe souvent
a lentendement des parents deleves.
Or chaque annee ou presque, la planete
Ecole accouche de nouveautes quelle
singenie a libeller par des abreviations
incomprehensibles. Voici done un lexique
non exhaustif que nous avons realise pour
permettre aux parents de comprendre les
formules ducatives et mieux se
dans cette jungle de sigles. Histoire de
partir dun bon pied sur le chemin de la
rentree des classes en evitant de perdre,
des le depart, son latin !
SMA ou service minimum daccueil.
Teste a la rentree demiere et rendu ob-
ligatoire par une loi, il est par passer des examens, mais d^valuer les
les communes pour garantir aux parents
Veronique Mars (Nice)
Petit lexique pour decrypter et comprendre le langage scolaire!
laecueil des eleves dans les ecoles, en
cas de greve des enseignants.
Le socle commun de competences
et de connaissances. Une jolie formule
pour dfinir les notions que tout eleve
doit maitriser a la fin des college, Pacquisition des fameuses competences
terme de la scolarite obligatoire a
16 ans. Ce socle est compose de sept
piliers fondamentaux : la maitrise de la
langue franfaise, la pratique dune langue
trangre, les principaux elements de
mathmatiques et la culture scientifique
et technologique, la culture humaniste,
les c o n ^ te n c e s sociales et civiques,
lautonomie et linitiative.
Cycles pdagogiques. 1 pri- designer le programme personnalise
maire est composee de trois cycles
lenseignant ou le principal dun college,
en accord avec les parents, pour foumir
aux 1, en difficultes lors des
, laide dont ils ont besoin pour
combler leurs lacunes.
B 2i. Non, ce nest pas le nom du
dernier robot scolaire mais le sigle
dsignant le brevet informatique
et internet. II existe deux versions du B2i
(un niveau 1, un a la fin du college)
mesurant la et les connaissances
des ^ a utiliser linformatique et
Internet. Lobtention du B2i figure dans
diffrents, avec pour ehacun des com le livret de competences et compte gale-
petences a acqurir. Le premier cycle, la ment depuis an dernier dans le brevet
maternelle, est axe sur les apprentis- des colleges.
sages premiers . Le deuxicme, cycle ENT: espaces nun^riques de travail.
des apprentissages fondamentaux Ils sont nes avec le dveloppement de
commence en grande section de mater linformatique dans les ^
nelle et se poursuit en clcmentaire par scolaires et leur connexion sur Internet.
le CP et le CE1. Le troisieme et dernier Lidee est de creer un portail lectronique
cycle est celui des approfondissements, des colleges et 18 pour resserrer, via
el englobe toutes les classes restantes du Internet, les liens avec les families. Pour
CE2 au 2. leur permettre dun simple clic de
suivre les ^, lassidute aux cours et
E valuations pdagogiques: des les resultats de leurs enfants. Attention, les
cette rentree, les 18 seront 18815 scolaires des AM ne sont
soumis a trois : en pas encore tous branches sur ces ENT qui
CE1, 2 puis a la fin de la classe 3e sont en phase dexprimentation.
avec la presentation du DNB diplome Cadre europeen commun de reference
national du brevet. Pas question, ici, de pour les langues. En clair, il sagit
dharmoniser, au sein de lEurope, les
connaissances acquises par les eleves et niveaux des eleves en langues vivantes.
leurs lacunes. Des echelons fixant des con ^ten ces
Livret individuel de competences: linguistiques a maitriser ont 1 definis
eest une sorte de permis a points sco- tout au long du parcours scolaire. Par
laires qui suit 1 depuis le CE1 exemple, a la fin du 2, les 18
jusqua la fin du coltege. Pour enregistrer doivent avoir atteint le niveau A l. Cest-
a-dire communiquer de fa?on simple
du socle commun de connaissances. avec un intervenant coopratif parlant
81 an dernier et gnralis a cette lentement et distinctement... A la fin du
rentree, ce livret inclut dautres attesta college, en classe de 3e, eest le niveau
tions obtenues par 1, en matiere B1 qui est exig : savoir se dbrouiller
de ^ routiere, de prevention et en voyage, raconter un !, une
secours civiques de niveau 1 (seisme, experience, defendre une idee ou un
nuages toxiques, etc.) ou bien encore des projet. Et ce sont les profs de langues qui
con^tences en langues vivantes. sont c h a ^ s de dlivrer a leurs e^ves
PPRE. Voila un sigle barbare pour ces niveaux de competences linguistiques
europeennes...
de reussite ducative . II est par
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. 2001.
, 3. Millan J.A. De redes saberes: Cultura
: , education las nuevas tecnologias. - Espana,
, , Madrid: Aula XXI/santillana, 1998.
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FIT FLASH 2008 , .

ans le cadre de intemation-

XVIII FIT World Congress BEIJING, 25 Septembre (Xinhua)

FITS triennial W orld Congress,
comprising the Statutory Congress
for delegates sent by FIT member
bodies and the Open Congress, was
held in Shanghai, China, from August
2 to 7, 2008.
New Council 20082011
President: Ms Marion Boers (South
Africa)
Vice Presidents: Mr Youyi Huang
(China), Mr Jiri Stejskal (USA), Ms
Miriam Lee (Ireland)
Treasurer. Mr Andrew Evans (UK)
Secretary General: Mr Frans De Laet
a Chine a recompense jeudi plus de
L 1700 interpretes et traducteurs pour
leurs remarquables contributions
aux Jeux olympiques et paralympiques de
Beijing. Le Comite dorganisation des JO
de Beijing et lAssociation des traducteurs
de Chine ont egalement honore 13 organisa
tions, dont le ministere chinois des Affaires
etrangeres et le Groupe de publication inter-
nationale de Chine.
Une equipe composee de 1 700 traduct
eurs et interpretes, dont 400 professionnels
et 1 300 benevoles, a foumi des services
dinterpretation simultanee, dinterpretation
consecutive et de traduction par ecrit a
environ 2 000 conferences intemationales
D ale des langues (2008), qui a vu le
jour a linitiative de lAssemblee
generate des Nations Unies (ONU) et
de lOrganisation des Nations Unies
pour leducation, la science et la culture
(UNESCO), et avec lappui de la Federation
intemationale des traducteurs (FIT) et du
Conseil des traducteurs, terminologues et
interpretes du Canada (CTTIC), plusieurs
manifestations denvergure intemationale
ont ete tenues du ter au 10 octobre 2008
dans la region de la Capitale nationale
du Canada (Ottawa-Gatineau) durant la
Semaine de la terminologie au Canada. Au
nombre de celles-ci figure le IVe Sommet de
terminologie qui a eu lieu les 7 et 8 octobre
2008 a lUniverste du Quebec en Outaouais
(UQO).
,

et points de presse en 44 langues durant la
(Belgium)
periode des deux Jeux, a indique Zhao Hu-
Ms Sabine Colombe (France), Ms Sheryl imin, officiel du Comite d'organisation. , ,
Hinkkanen (Finland), Mr Benny Hoed Ils ont aide plus de 11 000 athletes et ,
(Indonesia), Mr Ravi Kumar (India), Mr .
environ 25 000 employes des medias venus

Henry Liu (New Zealand), Ms Silvana de pres de 200 pays et regions, a-t-il ajoute.
Marchetti (Argentina), Ms Elisabet Mid- .
dlethon (Norway),Ms Nicole Sevigny ,
(Canada), Mr Alex Tsemahman (Russian
Federation), Ms Anne Verbeke (Sweden),
Ms Perpetua, Uiterwaal (Netherlands)

-
. ,

,

,
, ,
.

Congress Highlights

New records for attendees: a total of 1
.
452 professionals from 76 countries regis
tered for the Open Congress on the theme . (CEATL)
Translation and Cultural Diversity. ,
--

American Translators Association
200 8 ,
(ATA) was granted the right to host the XIX

FIT World Congress, which will take place .
15 2 008 .
in San Francisco in 2011. Exact dates will

be announced as soon as possible.
.

urospeak comes in all languages,
E believe it or not, and in all cases
the symptoms and causes are the
same. In this article Ill talk about the
English variant, Euro-English.
Linguists love to be tolerant about the
way languages grow. Just as we accept
all sorts of regional accents, the argument
goes, we must accept and even celebrate
all variants in written language... Very
politically correct, but it overlooks one
simple fact: that when speaking, you can
see immediately if your listener doesnt
understand, and re-phrase your statement
or adjust your accent immediately; when
writing, you dont get that instant feedback.
So it is perfectly possible to churn out
reams of incomprehensible writing that
no-one will understand or read!
Anyone trying to communicate in
writing, and who wants their message to
end up in their readers brains rather than
their bins, is well advised to follow a few
rules and stay anchored in the reality of
a real language.
One linguist of the tolerant school,
David Crystal, writes in English as a
Global Language: There is even a
suggestion that some of the territories [...]
in which English is learned as a foreign
Emma Wagner
For citation purposes:
Wagner, E. Eurospeak - Fighting the Disease, Cultivate Interactive, issue 4,
7 May 2001 http://www.cultivate-int.org/issue4/eurospeak/
Eurospeak Fighting the Disease
language may be bending English to suit
their purposes. Euro-English is a label
sometimes given these days to the kind of
English being used by French, Greek and
other diplomats in the corridors of power in
the new European Union, for most of who
English is a foreign language [1].
I work in those corridors of power
or in one of the offices at the European
Commission, to be precise and the
prospect of Euro-English acquiring special
status because it is spoken by a powerful
elite fills me with dread. Surely that would
spell the end of the European Union,
because it would cut us off from the public,
who have a right to read Commission
, ,
.. , ,
. , .
.
, ,
2001
.
documents in real English? In a bid to
prevent the spread of Eurospeak, Euro-
waffle and plain bad English in Commission
documents some fellow-translators and I
started the Fight the FOG [2] campaign
in 1998. We wanted to encourage
Commission writers and translators to write
clearly, in real English (and real French,
real German, real Finnish, etc.). We also
instructed them to KISS Keep It Short
and Simple.
spend much of my working time trying
I to eradicate Eurojargon and bad English
from texts written in the European
Commission. Here's a sample: a paragraph
from the minutes of an important committee
meeting, 35 (I!) pages long. This came into
my department last week, for translation
into the 10 other official languages of
the EU.
Mr A welcomed the participants to
the ZZZ meeting, in particular to the Malta
delegation, that attended the meeting for
the first time. He passed the floor to Mrs
who was going to intervene on behalf
the French Presidency of the European
Union. f...l
2 _(201
Mr A informed about the present
stage of the works on the Directive on
scaffolding and works in height. He said
that in October the Council had agreed
a common position. In the other hand,
the Parliament had presented comments
to the project of Directive. A meeting
between the Parliaments reporters and the
Presidency of the Council had taken place
for establishing a more official position in
the agreement. There had been a second
meeting between the Commission and
the political groups of the Parliament for
discussing the contents of some of the
amendments. He said that the differences
between the Parliament and the Council
were small and that the Parliament wished
scaffolds below the normal height to be
included.
Why does this sort of Euro-English
get written? Here are some of the causes
of the disease:
1. Drafting by Non-native Speakers
Drafting by non-native speakers is una
voidable, for organisational reasons, and
some of them do an excellent job. But it
inevitably causes problems of interference
 2 i2 0 1
in vocabulary and syntax. Non-native
speakers cant be expected to know what
sounds natural in English. Even native
speakers lose this sensitivity when working
outside their mother-tongue environment.
When youve heard words like eventual to spell them out when first used, or to
and payment delays misused hundreds
of times, you can lose touch with their
real meaning.
2. Growth of English and Tolerance of
Defective English
English has taken over from French as
the main language used for communication
inside the EU institutions. Of course,
concessions have to be made for spoken
communication in an organisation where
fifteen different nationalities work together.
But as the above example shows, the
standard of English is often simply too
low for written communication. It is certainly
more defective than the French written here
by non-natives. Why? Because Brussels
is a partly French-speaking city? Because
the French have stricter grammar and
an Acadime to outlaw barbaric imports,
whereas English is a very flexible language
that belongs to everyone and seems to
know no rules? Or maybe (unfashionable
view coming up here sorry, Professor
Crystal) because English grammar has
not been taught in British schools for the
past 40 years, so most native English
speakers cant even explain to their non
native colleagues why paragraphs like the
one quoted above are not real English?
Only those of us who learnt foreign
languages were lucky enough to acquire
any grammar.
3. Fear of Brevity
Many authors in the EU institutions
come from a tradition or a culture where
concision is not a virtue. Recently the
French arm of a highly respected firm of
management consultants did a study for us
on one aspect of the Translation Services
operation. Their report ran to 186 pages
and paralysed our e-mail system. When I
asked them to produce a summary, they
did 50 pages!
4. Eurojargon
Specialised language, or jargon as it is
less politely called, aids communication
between specialists. But if it spills over
into the wrong context, it is irritating and
sounds ridiculous. Acronyms such as
CFSP, SANCO, SLIC and PECO are
all pregnant with meaning for those who
understand them, but alienating for those
who dont [3]. We encourage authors
avoid them completely. Another nasty
habit of Eurocrats is to use the names of
towns to mean something quite different.
Schengen is no longer a sleepy village
in Luxembourg, but an agreement on a
passport-free zone; Amsterdam is a
Treaty, and Gymnich is an informal
meeting of foreign ministers.
5. Consensus Building
In the desire to secure agreement at
any cost, documents are sometimes
inflated and their logic distorted by
the inclusion of disparate material. The
motives are excellent, but the result is a
kind of patchwork, which is not. Foggy
language helps to achieve an appearance
of political consensus. But it invariably
creates problems for the future, when
foggy Treaties and laws have to be put
into effect.
Some Antidotes to Eurospeak
The European Commission has recently
started work on several solutions:
- the material on the Europa server is
being improved [4]
- the Europe Direct service, on the
Europa server, helps members of the
public through the maze of information
to the facts they need.
Maybe in addition there should be a
major cutback in the number and length
of publications, perhaps based on reader
surveys to see which ones are really
useful and which could be dispensed with.
In addition we could use the power of the
Internet to improve the quality of written
communication from the Commission. For
example, texts on the Europa server could
incorporate:
1. hyperlinks to definitions of key terms
and acronyms
2. short, clear citizen's summaries
3. an invitation to submit feedback on
substance and style
4. testing of draft publications on focus
groups, before they are finalised.
The Cure for Eurospeak
There is a simple cure for this disease
called Eurospeak. Let people speak it, by
all means, in the interests of cooperation
and in-house communication with each
other. But encourage them not to write it, if
they want outsiders to get the message.
The Fight the FOG campaigners are trying
to highlight these key principles of good
writing:
Audience awareness. Remember
that the defective language we use when
tired and rushed is not good enough for
the outside world. We must try to prevent
jargon spilling over into general writing.
Honesty. Resist the tendency to be
pompous, as if status and dignity could
be increased by using long words and
convoluted syntax.
Responsibility. Beware of patchwork
drafting. Someone must retain overall
responsibility for the structure and logic
of a document. This is also called
accountability.
Planning ahead. Allow enough time
for drafting and translation.
Expert editing. Allow experts to rewrite
documents before they are translated into
10 and soon 22 languages. Experts can
be outside consultants or editors or
translators can do the rewriting. Dont say
they dont know enough about our field
to understand our documents. If intelligent,
interested readers dont understand, that
proves that the documents need to be
rewritten.
KISS: Keep It Short and Simple.
References
1. Crystal, D. (1997) English as a Global
Language, Cambridge University Press, page
136.
2. Fight the Fog Campaign http://europa.eu.int/
comm/translation/en/ftfog/
3. Marieke Napier, Book Review: EUROJARGON,
Cultivate Interactive, issue 3, 29 January 2001
http://www.cultivate-int.org/issue3/review/
4. Europa Server http://europa.eu.int/
 ITI Bulletin
ITI Bulletin
(http://www.iti. org. /)

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