Tp ch KHKT Nng nghip, Tp 1, s 4/2003

tnh hnh chn nui v p dng cc tin b k thut trong

nui dng tru b ti huyn vnh tng - vnh phc
The present status of buffalo and catlle husbandry and application of technological
advances in ruminant feeding in Vinh Tuong district of Vinh Phuc province
Bi Quang Tun1 v Nguyn Xun Trch2

Summary
A survey was carried out in three communes of Vinh Tuong district (Vinh Phuc province) to
investigate the current status of buffalo and cattle husbandry as well as the level of application
of technological advances in ruminant feeding. Results showed that the population of buffalo
and especially cattle increased over the recent years, in spite of the fact that the role of buffalo
as draft power was declined. The scales of production were small. The natural grass lands were
limited. Instead, crop residues were abundant and could be utilised for ruminant feeding.
However, the actual level of utilisation of crop residues as feeds was still low and farmers were
not well aware of and trained in new technologies for improved ruminant feeding. It is therefore
suggested that the extension services should take appropriate measures to introduce new
technologies for improved utilisation of crop residues, especially rice straw and maize stover, as
feeds for cattle and buffalo.
Keywords: Cattle, buffalo, feeding, crop residues, VinhPhuc.

1. t vn 1 kho st mt cch c h thng, ton din thc

Nhiu cuc kho st cho thy vo v ng
xun khi thc n xanh khan him n tru b
nc ta thiu thc n trm trng, khng t con
b ng@ do phi lm vic nhiu trong khi c
th suy yu. Trong khi ngun ph phm
nng nghip nc ta li rt di do. @ c
nhiu cng trnh nghin cu nhm nng cao
hiu qu s dng cc ngun ph phm nng
nghip lm thc n cho tru b (Nguyen Xuan
Trach, 1998; Bi Quang Tun v cng s,
1999; V Duy Ging v cng s, 2001; Phm
Kim Cng v cng s, 2001), song vic p
dng cc tin b k thut ny trong thc t
sn xut cn rt hn ch. V vy vic iu tra
1 nng nghip lm thc n cho tru b,
B mn Thc n- Vi sinh-ng c, Khoa CNTY
2
B mn Chn nui chuyn khoa, Khoa CNTY
trng tnh hnh chn nui tru b, tnh hnh s
dng cc ngun ph phm nng nghip, kh
nng tip cn cc tin b k thut ca ngi
nng dn, iu kin p dng cc tin b k
thut... v t xut cc gii php nhm
y mnh pht trin chn nui tru b, mang
li li ch cho x@ hi l cn thit.
2. Ni dung v phng php
nghin cu
2.1. Ni dung iu tra
Tng n tru b ca huyn v qui m
chn nui ca cc h chn nui,
Cc ngun thc n th xanh cho tru b,
Tnh hnh s dng cc ngun ph phm

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 tnh hnh chn nui v p dng cc tin b k thut...

Tnh hnh p dng cc tin b k thut trung bnh mi nm 6,1%, c bit trong hai
chn nui ca cc h chn nui. nm 2000 v 2001 tng 12,4%. Cng tc
2.2. Phng php iu tra ging cng c quan tm (Sind ho n b)
Cuc iu tra c tin hnh ti 3 x@ V to n b nui tht c tm vc to, sinh
Di, Vnh Thnh, Cao i. Mi x@ iu tra 3 trng nhanh. Sn lng tht b nm 2001 ca
thn, mi thn iu tra t 25-35 h gia nh huyn t 115 tn.
c chn ngu nhin. Vic iu tra c tin B sa @ bt u c pht trin Vnh
hnh theo phiu iu tra c chun b trc. Tng vi 51 con nm 2000 v tng ln 230
Thi gian iu tra l thng 3 v 4 nm 2002. con nm 2001. Theo qui hoch, Vnh Tng
s tr thnh trung tm chn nui b sa vi
3. Kt qu v tho lun
qui m ln cung cp nguyn liu cho nh
3.1. S lng tru b
my ch bin sa.
Vnh Tng l huyn i din tiu biu
V quy m chn nui, kt qu iu tra 400
cho iu kin t nhin- x@ hi ca tnh Vnh
h nui tru b c trnh by trong bng 2.
Phc, l mt huyn bn trung du vi din tch
i a s cc h chn nui tru b ch nui t
t t nhin 14.180 ha (trong t nng
1-2 con. iu ny c th l do ngi chn
nghip 9.925 ha), c nn sn xut nng
nui b hn ch v vn, din tch canh tc
nghip hng ho, chn nui kh pht trin. S
(khng t trng c cho chn nui).
liu v tng n tru b ca huyn c trnh
by trong bng 1. 3.2. Ngun thc n th xanh nui dng
Do c s c gii ho trong nng nghip v tru b
s thu hp dn din tch canh tc m vai tr Vic c tnh nhu cu thc n th xanh
cy ko ca con tru gim. Tuy vy, my nm ca n tru b da trn c s: tru b c th
gn y, chn nui tru chuyn sang phc v thu nhn lng vt cht kh (VCK) bng 2,5-
mc ch ly tht l chnh (40-50 tn tht 3% th trng. Kt qu cho thy tng lng
tru/nm). Tht tru c tiu th tt, mang thc n th xanh cn cho n tru b ca ton
li li nhun cao cho ngi chn nui nn s huyn l 50.739 tn VCK/nm. Do ngun c
lng n tru @ c xu hng phc hi v c hn, thc n th cho tru b da ch yu
tng (nm 2001 tng 14,4% so vi nm 2000). vo ph phm nng nghip. Lng ph phm
Mc ch ca chn nui b ch yu l nng nghip c th c tnh t din tch hoc
ly tht nn vic c gii ho trong nng t sn phm chnh ca cc loi cy trng. C
nghip khng c nh hng n s lng u cu cy trng v ngun ph phm nng
con. S lng n b ca Vnh Tng tng nghip ca huyn Vnh Tng c trnh by
Bng 1. Tng n tru b ca huyn Vnh Tng qua cc nm gn y
Nm 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Tru (con) 1909 1738 1741 1820 2082
B (con) 10.902 11.210 11.652 13.037 14.831
B sa (con) - - - 51 230

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 Bi Quang Tun, Nguyn Xun Trch

Bng 2. Qui m n tru b ca cc h gia nh huyn Vnh Tng

Qui m Tru B
(con/h) B tht & b cy ko B sa
S h nui % S h nui % S h nui %
1 7 58,3 161 62,9 2 10,0
2 2 16,7 68 26,6 8 40,0
3 3 25,0 14 5,5 5 25,0
4 - - 5 2,0 2 10,0
5 - - 2 0,8 1 5,0
6 - - - - 2 10,0

trong bng 3a v bng 3b. Nh vy, ngun
ph phm nng nghip c th s dng lm
thc n cho tru b huyn Vnh Tng
tng i phong ph v c khi lng rt ln.
Nu tn dng tt th ngun ph phm ny c
th cho php tng gp ri n tru b hin ti
ca huyn.
C t nhin c ct v l cho tru b
n (86,0%), s cn li l lm cht n
chung ln hoc cho xung ao c. Khong
mt na s rm ca cc h iu tra c s
dng lm thc n cho tru b. Cc ngun ph
phm nng nghip khc nh thn cy ng sau
thu bp, thn l u tng, thn l lc hu nh
khng c s dng cho mc ch chn nui.
Hu ht dy khoai lang c s dng cho
chn nui, trong phn ln cho chn nui
ln, ch khong 30% s dy khoai lang c

Bng 3a. C cu cy trng ca huyn Vnh Tng (ha/nm)

Loi cy trng Nm 2000 Nm 2001
La nc 13.328 12.779
Cy ng 4.395 3.407
Khoai lang 539 661
u tng 1.973 2.179
Cy lc 233 194
Bng 3b. Mt s ngun ph phm cy trng ca huyn Vnh Tng (tn VCK/nm)
Loi ph phm Nm 2000 Nm 2001
Rm la 55.200 52.360
Thn cy ng sau thu bp 19.777 15.331
Dy khoai lang 741 909
Thn cy u tng 6.708 7.408
Thn cy lc 792 660
Tng cng 83.218 76.668

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 tnh hnh chn nui v p dng cc tin b k thut...

Bng 4. Tnh hnh s dng thc n th ca huyn Vnh Tng

Khi lng @ s dng cho chn nui
T (tn)
Loi thc n Khi lng (tn) % S dng cho tru b (%)
C t nhin 452,9 452,9 100,00 86,0
Rm la 624,0 395,1 63,31 97,4
Thn cy ng sau thu bp 504,7 7,1 1,40 90,0
Thn l u tng 175,3 0,1 0,06 100,0
Thn l lc 151,5 0,8 0,53 100,0
Dy khoai lang 18,5 17,5 94,59 30,0

Bng 5. Tnh hnh nm bt v p dng cc tin b k thut trong nui dng tru b
Tn tin b k thut Khng c bit (%) C c bit (%) ang c p dng (%)
rm 51 49 0
MUB (tng lim) 65 35 0
ngn l sn 75 25 0

thn cy ng 73 27 0

thn l lc 62 38 0
Trng cy thc n 34 66 14,5

dng cho chn nui tru b. cho b sa. Nguyn nhn ca vn ny c

3.3. Tnh hnh p dng cc tin b k thut
trong nui dng tru b
Bng 5 cho thy tuy Vnh tng l mt
huyn c nn chn nui tng i pht trin
so vi cc khu vc khc min Bc, khng
phi l huyn vng su vng xa, nhng vic
nm bt cc tin b k thut trong nui dng
tru b cn rt hn ch. Tnh hnh ny cho
thy cng tc khuyn nng ca huyn cn
phi c y mnh hn na mang cc
thng tin v khoa hc k thut trong nng
nghip ti ngi nng dn.
Hu nh cc tin b k thut trong trong
nui dng tru b khng c ngi dn p
dng, ngoi tr vic trng cy thc n xanh
th l do bn thn cc bin php k thut ny
cha thc s ph hp vi iu kin, qui m
chn nui ca cc nng h. Mt khc, phng
php khuyn nng ca huyn cng c th
cha ph hp, cha c s tham gia trc tip
ca ngi dn trong qu trnh chuyn giao
tng k thut. Tuy c 58 h trng c nui tru
b trong huyn, nhng l kt qu ca D
n b sa H Ni (hp tc Vit Nam - B)
trong my nm trin khai gn y.
4. kt lun v ngh
4.1. Kt lun
- S lng n tru ca huyn Vnh
Tng tng i n nh v c xu hng tng,
c bit l n b.
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 Bi Quang Tun, Nguyn Xun Trch
- Qui m chn nui nh l v ngun c t
nhin hn ch, nht l v ma ng.
- Huyn c ngun ph phm nng nghip
kh di do, c th s dng lm thc n cho
tru. Tuy vy, mc s dng ph phm nng
nghip trong chn nui cn rt hn ch.
- T l nng dn nm bt c cc tin
b k thut trong chn nui cn rt thp v
hu nh cc tin b k thut ny khng c
ngi dn p dng.
4.2. ngh
Rm la v thn cy ng sau thu bp l 2
ngun ph phm nng nghip c khi lng
ln trong huyn. Cn tm cc bin php ch
bin, x l ph hp vi iu kin sn xut,
c bit l qui m chn nui nh ca ngi
dn nng cao hiu qu s dng chng lm
thc n cho tru b. H thng khuyn nng
nn xy dng mt s m hnh nng h s
dng rm la v thn cy ng sau thu bp
nui tru b trnh din k thut.
306
Ti liu tham kho
Phm Kim Cng, V Ch Cng, V Vn Ni,
inh Vn Tuyn, Nguyn Thnh Trung, 2001.
Nghin cu s dng rm la trong khu phn
b tht. Bo co khoa hc Chn nui - Th y
1999 - 2000. Tp. H Ch Minh 10 - 12/4/2001.
V Duy Ging, Tn Tht Sn, Bi Quang Tun,
2001. Nghin cu s dng rm v thn cy
ng gi sau thu bp lm thc n cho b sa.
Bo co khoa hc Chn nui - Th y 1999 -
2000. Tp. H Ch Minh 10 - 12/4/2001.
Nguyen Xuan Trach, 1998. The need for improved
utilisation of rice straw as feed for ruminants
in Vietnam: An overview. Livestock Research
for Rural Development 10 (2).
http://www.cipav.org.co/lrrd/lrrd10/2/trach102
.htm
Bi Quang Tun, V Duy Ging, Nguyn Trng
Tin, Tn Tht Sn, 1999. Nghin cu s
dng thn cy ng gi sau thu bp lm thc n
cho b sa. Tp ch Nng nghip cng nghip
thc phm. S 12. 1999. Tr. 559-560.