CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

As the conclusion, the objective of this experiment were to identify to identify the
major component of the heat exchanger process control training system, to systematically start-
up the process, to study ON/OFF temperature control of electric heaters, and lastly to study
temperature control in the heat exchanger using PID controller. There are some types of
temperature controller to control the temperature of certain equipment. ON/OFF temperature
controller is the simplest type of controller. The other one is Proportional-Integral-Derivative
(PID) temperature controller, which applies the proportional, integral and derivatives of tuning.
On-Off control is the simplest form of feedback control. , the set point for (TE62) in this
experiment was 55 oC. The ON/OFF Controller (TIC62) parameter was set to high temperature
limit (PO1) was 55oC, the dead band (PO2) was 0.5oC. Then, the X2 was 55.1oC, the heater in
T62 was off (DO1=1) and for the Annunciator TAH62 was on (DO2=1). The temperature in
the tank T62 is maintained constant by ON/OFF controller. Based on the P/T Register and I/O
Data the controller switches OFF the heater when the temperature is at 56C and ON at 54C.
For the first (I) trial, the PID values are set as PB1 = 15%, TI1 = 35 secs, and TD1 = 8 secs.
The setpoint value (SV) was at 40 C. For the second (II) trial, the PID values of controller are
altered to PB = 10%, TI1 = 30 secs, and TD1 = 7 secs. The setpoint value (SV) was at 42C.
Both of the flowrates are remained constant at 1.3 m3/hr. The Step response time for trial 1 is
slower compare to trial 2. The trial 1 is more oscillatory than trial 2. Finally, load change was
conducted as the next disturbance. The flow rate at FI61 was 2.7 m3/hr when valve MV61 is
fully opened. The objectives of the experiment are achieved.
RECOMMENDATION

Due to several errors during running this experiment, there are several
recommendations for increase the accuracy of this experiment, firstly ensure the valves were
followed the procedure whether it should be fully open or not to avoid reading error. Second
recommendation is to ensure that the flow rates obtained are measured accurately. There are
two ways that this may be done. One way is install new digital flow meter, and the other is to
manually measure each flow rate with great care. This is extremely important because without
accurate flow rates the temperature data is worthless. Third in an effort to reduce the heat loss
to the surroundings, it is recommended that the heat exchanger be well insulated. Presently the
heat exchanger has no insulation and the ambient room temperature has a large effect on the
results. It is likely that a cascade control system would improve the control scheme for the heat
exchanger system. The cascade system would work by adding a second loop with a flow
indicator and additional control of the valve position of the hot stream. This system would
respond to disturbances in flow rate of the hot stream such as a pump failure or fluctuations in
flow rate. Last but not least make sure that the lab manual well understood to avoid any error
during running the experiment.