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Biomaterials

Material yang dapat digunakan untuk


menggantikan jaringan atau organ tubuh
manusia

Syarat biomaterials:
Biokompatibel
Memiliki sifat mekanis yang tinggi
Tahan korosi

Biokompatibel material mampu bekerja


dengan baik pada lingkungan tubuh
manusia tanpa memberikan efek negatif
thd tubuh manusia spt alergi dan racun
BIOMATERIALS

Polymeric biomaterials
Bioceramics
Metallic biomaterials
Biocomposite
Jenis-jenis Biomaterials
Jenis-jenis Biomaterials (lanjutan)
Polymer Biomaterials

Common Polymer Biomaterials


Polymer Biomaterials
Polymers in Specific Applications

application properties and design requirements polymers used

dental stability and corrosion resistance, plasticity PMMA-based resins for


strength and fatigue resistance, coating fillings/prosthesis
activity polyamides
good adhesion/integration with tissue poly(Zn acrylates)
low allergenicity
ophthalmic gel or film forming ability, hydrophilicity polyacrylamide gels
oxygen permeability PHEMA and copolymers
orthopedic strength and resistance to mechanical PE, PMMA
restraints and fatigue PL, PG, PLG
good integration with bones and muscles
cardiovascular fatigue resistance, lubricity, sterilizability silicones, Teflon,
lack of thrombus, emboli formation poly(urethanes), PEO
lack of chronic inflammatory response
drug delivery appropriate drug release profile PLG, EVA, silicones,
compatibility with drug, biodegradability HEMA, PCPP-SA
sutures good tensile strength, strength retention silk, catgut, PLG,
flexibility, knot retention, low tissue drag PTMC-G PP, nylon,PB-
Intraocular Lens
Biodegradable Wound
suture dressing Vascular grafts

APPLICATION of
Polymeric Biomaterial
Contact
Lens
bone
plates

Nose implants
Biodegradable
stent knee & hip replacement
2. Design Device: Total Hip Replacement
3. Biomaterial Selection
BIODEGRADABLE STENTS
Stent: inserted into a blocked artery to improve blood flow

Permanent Stainless Steel Stents:


Stainless Steel 316L: E = 193 GPa
Restenosis: re-blocking of artery due to the formation of (a) neointima: thick
smooth muscle tissue inside lumen or (b) late-stage thrombosis: clot

Biodegradable Stent
Biodegradable Polymer Stents:
Present long enough for vessel to
re-model and then it dissolves
Can be drug-loaded
Minimize restenosis
Disadvantage: recoil (weaker than SS)
BIODEGRADABLE ORTHOPEDIC DEVICES
Degradation
Tg cryst. modulus Time (months)
O
Poly(L-lactic acid) O CH C 60 C 40 % 2.7 GPa > 24
PLLA n
CH3
Mechanical Properties of Biomaterials
Replacing permanent metallic devices with biodegradable polymeric
devices is desirable but limited by polymers lower mechanical properties.

Elastic Modulus
Cancellous bone ~5 GPa
Cortical Bone 17-27 GPa
Stainless Steel 200 GPa
PLLA 2.7 GPa
Metallic biomaterials
Metals and its alloys widely used as
biomaterial because:
Strong material

Ductile : Relatively easily formed into complex


shape

High modulus and yield point : make them suitable


for bearing large load without leading to a large
deformations and permanent dimensional change.

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Metallic Biomaterials
Metallic Biomaterials
Metallic Biomaterials

Advantages disadvantages
High strength
High moduls
Fatigue resistance
Corrosion
Wear resistance
Metal ion sensitivity
Easy fabrication and toxicity
Easy to sterilize Metallic looking
Shape memory

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Metallic material usually used in

Prostheses: serve to replace a portion of body


such as joint, long bones and skull plates.

Fixation devices: used to stabilize broken bones


and other tissue while the normal healing
proceed. E.g. bone plates, rods, intramedullary
nails, screw and sutures.

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Metal used in Biomedical

Metals commonly used in Biomedical Application


Metals Applications
Cobalt-chromium alloys Artificial heart valves, dental prosthesis,
orthopedic fixation plates, artificial joint
components, vascular stents

Gold and platinum Dental fillings, electrodes for cochlear


implants
Silver-tin-copper alloys Dental amalgams

Stainless steel Dental prosthesis, orthopedic fixation


devices (such as plates and screw),
vascular stents
Titanium alloys Artificial heart valves, dental implants,
artificial joint components, orthopedic
screws, pacemaker cases, vascular
stents
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Biocomposites

Restorative dental
composites
CF = carbon fiber;
PEEK = Polyether ether ketone
Bicomposites
BIODEGRADABLE MATERIALS

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