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One element in the divers underwater workplace that poses a constant threat to the health and safety is pressure. The water exerts a pressure on the
divers body which increases with the depth of the dive at a rate of approximately 14.7 pounds per square inch for every 33 feet of depth. The increased
pressure during descent causes the inert portion of the breathing gas to be absorbed into the body tissue at a higher rate than occurs on the surface.
However, as the pressure diminishes during ascent, the divers body releases the absorbed breathing gas and serious, sometimes fatal, consequences can
result if proper decompression procedures are not followed. The above-normal (hyperbaric) pressure requires that the diver be supplied with
breathing gas at a pressure equal to the ambient pressure of the environment.
Because of the hyperbaric conditions, divers must rely completely on life-supporting systems and on the competence and reliability of the persons who
help to operate, monitor, maintain, and repair them. Strong water currents, low water temperatures, and rough waters add to the divers problems. The
difficulty in moving and orienting oneself underwater, the constraints on communication, and the isolation that are often experienced by the diver can create
psychological as well as physiological stress.
On many occasions, these special dangers to safety and health combine with other work hazards. Divers may perform a variety of operations, from
relatively low -stress tasks such as inspection, photography, and sampling to such high-stress operations as construction, repair, salvage, and pipelaying. In
the performance of their jobs, divers may need to move heavy objects, use welding equipment, work in physically confining spaces, or perform other
inherently hazardous tasks. The threat of entanglement, trench collapse, pinch nip, and squeeze points, explosion, and falling objects is greatly amplified
when working underwater.
Therefore, it is apparent that the special nature of commercial diving puts severe restrictions on activity and work performance and at the same time
expose the diver to serious safety and health hazards. To address these conditions, this manual spells out the basic requirements and procedures for the
protection of all Bulldog Diving, Inc employees. Please take the time to thoroughly read it and have a copy with you on all projects that occur off of Bulldog
Diving property.
General Safety Rules
These rules apply to employees of all departments. In addition, department heads and supervisors may establish specific requirements for individual
departments.
1. Never operate any machine or equipment unless specifically authorized to do so by the supervisor responsible for that equipment.
2. Do not use defective equipment or tools. Report defects immediately to your supervisor.
3. Obtain full instructions for operating any machine with which you are not familiar.
4. Never begin any hazardous job unless you are completely familiar with the proper techniques and precautions which apply to it. Check with your
supervisor when in doubt.
5. Make sure all guards and other safety attachments are properly installed and adjusted before operating any piece of equipment or beginning any
hazardous job.
6. Do not operate any piece of equipment at unsafe speeds or in excess of its rated capacity.
7. Wear all protective clothing and equipment required for the job. Avoid clothing or other items that would offer poor protection or that might be
caught in machinery.
8. Never attempt to repair, adjust or lubricate a machine unless you have been authorized to do so. Never attempt to repair, adjust or lubricate a
machine while it is in operation. Never attempt to repair or adjust electrical equipment unless the power switch has been properly turned off.
9. Put all tools and equipment away when not in use.
10. Do not try to lift any item which is too heavy or bulky to be handled by one person. Ask for help.
11. Keep all aisles, stairways and exits clear of stored items.
12. Do not place equipment or materials so as to block emergency exit routes, fire extinguishers, sprinkler controls, machine controls or electrical
control panels.
13. Stack all working materials neatly, and make sure the piles are stable.
14. Keep your work area and all company facilities which you use clean and neat.
15. Do not run, participate in horseplay, or distract fellow workers.
16. Never take chances. If you are not sure, ask.
Removal
1. As the individual jobs are completed, each person or group must remove their tags immediately.
2. Owner operating personnel red danger tags shall be removed last.
3. Red danger tags may be removed only upon authorization of the person designated on the tag, except if the designated person f ails to remove the
red danger tag, and after a diligent effort to locate this person has been made, personnel who have been designated by the plant may order
removal only after inspecting the jobsite.
Vehicle Safety
Drivers/operators of vehicles/equipment shall strictly observe all jobsite speed limits and all posted traffic signs. Employees operating vehicles/equipment
are solely responsible for the safe operation of said vehicle/equipment including personnel and/or loads transported. All vehicle operators shall have a
current drivers license.
Fire Safety
1. There must be a fire extinguisher, water hose or other fire control equipment easily accessible for each welding, cutting, burning or other such
operation.
2. When welding or cutting torches are left unattended, shut the oxygen and fuel supply at the cylinders and bleed the pressure off the hoses.
3. All containers (5) gallons or less used for transporting gasoline or fuel must be labeled by Underwriters Laboratories or Factory Mutual
Laboratories.
4. Smoking, welding or any spark or flame producing operation in the immediate area must be stopped during refueling operations.
5. Gas and oxygen cylinders must be handled with care, properly supported in upright position away from any sources of heat or flame, and securely
tied off.
Hard Hats
1. This job requires that approved hard hats be worn in the construction sites at all times and anytime persons are performing outdoor construction
activity on company premises and/or jobsite locality.
2. Ball caps under hard hats will only be worn by persons performing welding operations.
3. Hard hats shall not be worn backwards except by iron workers when connecting live steel.
Hand Protection
1. All field employees should obtain work gloves suitable for the work they will perform. Gloves should be worn when necessary.
Eye Protection
1. Proper eye protection is mandatory in shop or on jobsite. Safety and/or prescription eye glasses must conform to ANSI standard Z-87.1.
2. Eye protection with side shields is required when working in fabrication shops and in any confined space.
3. Safety glasses with side shields are recommended for all employees.
4. Contact lenses will not be worn in construction areas.
5. Face shields with safety glasses or monogoggles will be used by employees performing duties where safety glasses do not provide adequate
protection. The following are some of the duties, but are not limited to:
A. Grinding
B. Chipping
C. Using air and/or high pressure water for cleaning
D. Using irritant chemicals
E. During cad-weld operations
F. Using any electric saws
G. Using powder actuated tools (w/monogoggles only)
6. Approved welding goggles with at least a No. 5 filter lens shall be worn for the following tasks:
A. Gas-fired cutting torches, including beveling machines and track torches.
B. Operation torches with brazing, welding or rosebud tips.
7. Approved welding helmet with at least a No. 10 filter shall be used for normal arc welding. Arc gouge or heli-arc operations require at least a No. 11
filter for proper protection.
Hearing Protection
1. Employees must wear ear plugs when operating tools which create high noise levels and/or working in areas designated as high noise level areas.
2. When working in the structural an pipe fabrication areas, persons performing grinding or standing within (6) ft of the operation shall wear ear
protection.
Clothing
1. Shirts may be short sleeved with a minimum of (3) inch sleeves. They must have a collar and be buttoned.
2. Loose fitting clothing must be avoided.
3. Trousers with large bell bottoms are not allowed.
4. Clothing must be in good condition.
5. Employees working with or in areas where sparks may be, such as welding, grinding, and/or burning should avoid wearing synthetic fabrics that
support combustion.
Hair
1. Employees within the construction area with hair longer than collar length shall be kept under the hard hat at al times.
Beards
1. No beards allowed.
2. Excessive facial hair is not allowed because it will interfere with a respirator sealing surface.
Respiratory Protection
1. Employees exposed to airborne particles, toxic fumes, gases, vapors or potential oxygen deficient atmospheres shall wear a respirator applicable
for the particular hazard encountered or expected.
2. Employees shall be trained (by qualified person) in the use, care and limitations of the particular type(s) of respirator they are required to use.
Personal Protection
Fall Protection
Falls are one of the leading causes of construction injuries. Since these injuries are often severe and sometimes fatal, it is critical that we take all
precautions seriously. Failure to take appropriate fall protection precautions could result in termination.
1. Safety belts or full body harnesses are required and lanyards shall be tied off for anyone working (6) ft or higher above the ground.
2. Lanyards shall be secured whenever the employee is not on a complete structure.
3. Safety belts must be worn while working from scaffolds or other temporary platforms and shall be secured to another structure or lifeline if the work
platform is incomplete.
4. Safety belts shall be worn and secured by employees working from ladders more than (6) ft above the ground or adjacent surfac e.
5. Employees riding in or working from personnel lifts shall wear safety belts and secure the lanyard to the lift while aloft.
6. Safety belts/lanyards shall be used as follows:
A. Safety belts/lanyards shall be inspected daily.
B. Safety belts/lanyards shall be secured to an object, structure or lifeline capable of supporting 5,400 lbs.
C. Safety lanyards shall be secured as far above the waist level as possible and the potential fall distance shall never be allowed to exceed (6) ft.
D. Lanyards shall always be secured in such a manner as to minimize the potential fall distance (such as looping the lanyard around the lifeline and
securing the lanyard back to the D ring on the belt.
E. Where no means exist to attach safety belts, a lifeline shall be provided. The lifeline will comply with the requirements of 6.B above.
7. When inspecting your safety belt and lanyard, always look for the following:
A. Stitching
B. Rivets
C. Buckles
D. Buckles Taps
E. D Ring
F. Cuts & Abrasions
G. Acid Damage
H. Dry Rot
I. Burns
J. General Appearance
8. Personal safety belts must be approved and marked as such by a safety representative.
9. Welders shall use a wire rope lanyard.
10. If the employee has nothing with which to secure himself, a lifeline shall be provided.
A. The lifeline shall be a minimum of 1/2 inch nylon rope, secured at both ends.
B. Lifelines shall be secured above the point of operation to an anchorage or structural member capable of supporting a minimum dead weight of
5,400 lbs.
C. Lifelines shall be checked periodically.
11. Wearers of safety belts shall keep the D ring of the belt centered on their back when they are tied off.
12. Safety belts brought with you onto the project must be inspected by the safety department.
Life Jackets
1. Coast Guard approved life jackets or floatation work vest must be worn by any personnel working over or near the water.
2. Life jackets and work vest must be fully secured, fastened and adjusted on each person before entering the area.
3. Life jackets shall be inspected prior to and after use. Defective jackets shall not be worn/used.
4. Ring buoys shall be provided and equipped with at least (90) ft of line. Ring buoys shall not exceed a distance of(200) ft apart.
Pre-Dive Procedures
The following is required prior to each diving operation, unless otherwise specified:
1. A prepared emergency aid phone list to be kept at the dive location consisting of the following:
A. An operational decompression chamber (if not at the dive location).
B. Accessible hospitals.
C. Available physicians.
D. Available means of transportation.
E. The nearest Coast Guard Rescue Coordination Center.
2. First Aid Supplies
A. A physician approved first aid kit appropriate for the diving operation must be at the dive location.
B. A first aid kit suitable for use under hyperbaric conditions when used in decompression chamber or bell.
C. An American Red Cross Standard First Aid Handbook or equivalent, and a bag-type manual resuscitator with transparent mask and tubing must
be available at the dive location.
D. A backboard with attached floatation must be at the dive location.
3. Dive Plan
A. A dive operation plan must include an assessment of safety and health aspects of the following:
(1) Diving mode.
(2) Surf ace and underwater conditions and hazards.
(3) Breathing gas supply (including reserves).
(4) Thermal protection.
(5) Diving equipment and systems.
(6) Dive team assignments and physical fitness of dive team members(including any impairment known to designated diving supervisor).
(7) Repetitive dive designation or residual inert gas status of diving personnel.
(8) Decompression and treatment procedures (including altitude corrections).
(9) Emergency procedures.
(10) Alert diver to potential hazards of flying after diving. (if applicable)
(a) Ascent to altitude after diving increases the risk of decompression sickness due to the additional reduction in atmospheric pressure. The
cabin pressure of a commercial aircraft is maintained at a constant value regardless of the actual of the altitude of the flight. Use 8000 ft to
compute the required surface interval before flying. (see chart next page)
(11) Maximum depth of all dives and bottom time for each dive as per No Decompression Limits chart. (see chart, page 20) (if applicable)
(12) Duties of Dive Team Members
(a) Supervisor
(i) Oversee and assist in all diving operations
(ii) Conduct daily safety meetings
(iii) Maintain safety work practices daily
(iv) Make contact with client representative
(v) Maintain all applicable paperwork (job logs, time tickets, job hazard analysis, confined space logs, etc)
(vi) Maintain radio communications with diver
(b) Lead Diver
(i) Perform duties necessary to complete project as per detailed instruction set forth in Dive Plan. (Dive Plan to be written for each project)
(ii) Will work on rotating basis with other divers, if deemed necessary, pending project difficulty, duration, conditions, etc. If rotating is
done, lead diver assumes other divers responsibilities as set forth in Dive Plan.
(c) Diver/Standby Diver
(i) Diver will stand by during all operations, dressed out and ready to assist the lead diver at all times.
(ii) Will work on rotating basis with other divers, if deemed necessary, pending project difficulty, duration, conditions, etc. If rotating is
done, standby diver assumes other lead divers responsibilities as set forth in Dive Plan.
(d) Diver/Diver Tender
(i) Tend diver and divers umbilical including but not limited to:
(1) Handing & retrieving tools to diver
(2) Maintain welder
(3) Maintain oxygen bottle for all burning operations
(4) Operate safety disconnect switch for diver during any underwater burning operations
(ii) Maintain life support system including but not limited to:
(1) Fueling and starting air compressors
(2) Draining water from air filter system
(3) Monitoring air pressure gauge
(4) Reporting to supervisor
(iii) Will work on rotating basis with other divers, if deemed necessary, pending project difficulty, duration, conditions, etc . If rotating is
done, diver tender assumes other lead divers responsibilities as set forth in Dive Plan.
(13) Lock Out/Tag Out (if applicable)
(a) Placement
(I) The person attaching the tag shall fully complete in specific terms the reasons for tagging, the description of the work to be done and the
precise location of the tag.
(ii) The owner will be responsible for placing all the isolating devices in the safe position and attaching the first red danger tag.
(iii) After the owner has attached the first red danger tag, any person or group whose safety could be endangered by the operation of the
isolating device must attach their tags or follow red danger tag master system.
(iv) A designated person will verify by operating the appropriate operating device to insure that the equipment locked out is inoperable.
(b) Removal
(I) As the individual jobs are completed, each person or group must remove their tags immediately.
(ii) Owner operating personnel red danger tags shall be removed last.
(iii) Red danger tags may be removed only upon authorization of the person designated on the tag, except if the designated person fails to
remove the red danger tag, and after a diligent effort to locate this person has been made, personnel who have been designated by the
plant may order removal only after inspecting the jobsite.
(14) Differential Water Pressures (if applicable)
(a) Determine elevations of each body of water in order to evaluate potential water pressure differential.
(b) If at all possible, equalize bodies of water to eliminate pressure differential prior to entering the water.
(c) Lock out and tag out all valves between each body of water as per lock out/tag out procedure. (see above)
(d) Cease all dive operations if unable to determine and isolate a potential pressure differential.
4. Hazardous activities
A. Diving operations are to be coordinated with other activities in the vicinity which are likely to interfere with the diving operation in order to
minimize hazards to diving personnel.
5. Briefing
A. Diving personnel are to be briefed on the following:
(1) Description of project & project location
(2) Drawings, pictures, blueprints and/or any other materials pertaining to project tasks.
(3) Diving equipment & tools to be utilized on each project task.
(4) Water conditions, water temperature, maximum depth and bottom and any necessary decompression.
(2) Safety & emergency procedures
(3) Anyl hazards or environmental conditions likely to affect the safety of the diving operation.
(4) Any modifications to operating procedures necessitated by the specific diving operation.
(5) Alert diver to potential hazards of flying after diving.
(a) Ascent to altitude after diving increases the risk of decompression sickness due to the additional reduction in atmospheric pressure. The
cabin pressure of a commercial aircraft is maintained at a constant value regardless of the actual of the altitude of the flight. Use 8000 ft to
compute the required surface interval before flying. (See chart next page)
B. Prior to making the individual diving personnel assignments, designated diving supervisor inquires into the diving personnels current state of
physical fitness, and indicates to the diving personnel the procedure for reporting physical problems or adverse physiological effects during and
after the dive.
6. Equipment inspection
A. The breathing gas supply system including reserve breathing gas supplies, masks, helmets, thermal protection and bell handling mechanism
(when appropriate) must be inspected prior to each dive.
7. Warning signal
A. When diving from surfaces other then vessels in areas capable of supporting marine traffic, a rigid replica of the international code flag A at
least one meter in height must be displayed at the dive location in a manner which allows all-round visibility, and shall be illuminated during night
dive operations.
8. Duties of Dive Team Members
A. Supervisor
(1) Oversee and assist in all diving operations
(2) Conduct daily safety meetings
(3) Maintain safety work practices daily
(4) Make contact with client representative
(5) Maintain all applicable paperwork (job logs, time tickets, job hazard analysis, confined space logs, etc)
(6) Maintain radio communications with diver
B. Lead Diver
(1) Perform duties necessary to complete project as per detailed instruction set forth in Dive Plan. (Dive Plan to be written f or each project)
(2) Will work on rotating basis with other divers, if deemed necessary, pending project difficulty, duration, conditions, etc. If rotating is done, lead
diver assumes other divers responsibilities as set forth in Dive Plan.
C. Diver/Standby Diver
(1) Diver will stand by during all operations, dressed out and ready to assist the lead diver at all times.
(2) Will work on rotating basis with other divers, if deemed necessary, pending project difficulty, duration, conditions, etc. If rotating is done,
standby diver assumes other lead divers responsibilities as set forth in Dive Plan.
D. Diver/Diver Tender
(1) Tend diver and divers umbilical including but not limited to:
(a) Handing & retrieving tools to diver
(b) Maintain welder
(c) Maintain oxygen bottle for all burning operations
(4) Operate safety disconnect switch for diver during any underwater burning operations
(2) Maintain life support system including but not limited to:
(a) Fueling and starting air compressors
(b) Draining water from air filter system
(c) Monitoring air pressure gauge
(d) Reporting to supervisor
(3) Will work on rotating basis with other divers, if deemed necessary, pending project difficulty, duration, conditions, etc. If rotating is done,
diver tender assumes other lead divers responsibilities as set forth in Dive Plan.
Mixed-Gas Diving
The following requirements must be met unless otherwise specified for Mixed-Gas diving:
1. Limits
A. Mixed-gas diving must be conducted only when:
(1) A decompression chamber is ready for use at the dive location.
(2) A bell is used at depths greater than (220) fsw or when the dive involves inwater decompression time of greater then (120) minutes, except
when heavy gear is worn or when diving in physically confining spaces.
(3) A closed bell is used at depths greater than (100) fsw, except when diving is conducted in physically confining spaces.
2. Procedures
A. A separate diver/tender must tend each diver in the water.
B. A standby diver must be available while a diver is in the water.
C. A diver must be stationed at the underwater point of entry when diving is conducted in enclosed or physically confining spaces.
D. Each diving operation must have a primary breathing gas supply sufficient to support divers for the duration of the planned dive including
decompression.
E. Each diving operation must have a dive-location reserve breathing gas supply.
F. When heavy gear is worn:
(1) An extra breathing gas hose capable of supplying breathing gas to the diver in the water must be available to the standby diver.
(2) Divers in the water must have an inwater stage.
G. Divers in the water without access to a bell for dives deeper than (100) fsw or outside the no-decompression limits must have an inwater stage.
H. When a closed bell is used, one diver/tender in the bell must be available and tend the diver in the water.
I. Except when heavy gear is worn or where physical space does not permit, a diver must have a diver-carried reserve breathing gas supply for:
(1) Dives deeper than (100) fsw or outside the no-decompression limits.
(2) Dive area configurations that prevent direct ascension to the surface.
Liveboating
The following requirements for diving operations involving Liveboating must be met, unless otherwise specified:
1. Limits
A. Diving operations involving liveboating is not permitted:
(1) With an inwater decompression time greater than (120) minutes.
(2) Using surfaced-supplied air at depths deeper than (190) fsw, except dives with bottom times of (30) minutes or less may be conducted to
depths of (220) fsw.
(3) Using mixed gas at depths greater than (220) fsw.
(4) In rough seas which significantly impede diver mobility or work function.
(5) In other than daylight hours.
2. Procedures
A. The propeller of the vessel must be stopped before the diver enters or exits the water.
B. A device must be used which minimizes the possibility of entanglement of the divers hose in the propeller of the vessel.
C. There must be two-way voice communications between the designated supervisor and the person controlling the vessel while the diver is in the
water.
D. A standby diver must be available while diver is in the water.
E. A diver-carried reserve breathing gas supply must be carried by each diver engaged in liveboating operations.
All employees should follow safe work practices while working within or near confined spaces, so as not to jeopardize the safety and health of any
individualsparticipating in a confines space entry operation.
Notify your supervisor/authority whenever unsafe conditions or activities are observed in or around any confined space.
Definitions
Confined Space
A space which meets all of the following:
Is large enough and configured such that an employee can physically enter the space to perform work.
Has a limited or restricted means for entry and exit.
Is not designed for continuous employee occupancy.
Attendant
Remains outside PRCS for the duration of the entry operation. The attendants most important responsibilities are to maintain communications with the
workers inside the PRCS, monitor hazards that may develop outside the PRCS, and to summon assistance in the event of an emergenc y.
Authorized Entrant
Enters and safely conducts necessary work activities within the PRCS. Work activities performed during PRCS entry operation must be conducted in
accordance with the Confined Space Entry Program.
Hazardous Atmosphere
An atmosphere which may expose employees to the risk of death, incapacitation, injury, acute illness and/or impairment of the ability to self -rescue,
from (1) or more of the following conditions:
l Flammable gas, vapor or mist in excess of 10% of its lower flammable limit (LFL).
l Airborne combustible dust at a concentration which meets or exceeds its LFL.
l Atmospheric oxygen concentrations below 19.5% or above 23.5%.
l Atmospheric concentration of any substance that is capable of creating the risks mentioned above.
l Any other atmospheric condition that is immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH).
Physical Hazards
Includes other non-atmospheric hazards capable of causing serious physical injury associated with a confined space, such as:
l Uncontrolled release of materials into the confined space, which could result in engulfment or entrapment of the entrants.
l Uncontrolled release of energy into the confined space, which could result in accidental startup of mechanical equipment or electric shock.
l Hazards related to the configuration of the space, which create a potential risk of entrapment or injury.
l Unusual slip, trip and/or fall hazards.
All confined spaces are considered PRCS until evaluated and documented as free from hazards capable of causing death or serious physical harm.
PRCSs may be identifiable by a posted danger sign at the entrance which reads:
DANGER
FOLLOW CONFINED SPACE
ENTRY PROCEDURE
BEFORE ENTERING
Any space which meets the criteria described in the confined space definition is considered a confined space, even if the space is not posted with a sign. If
an area is suspected of being a confined space, contact your supervisor before entering.
Entry Procedures
The following procedures are general requirements for all PRCS entry operations. Additional requirements may apply, depending upon the specific type of
PRCS and the nature of the entry operation.
Prior to conducting an on-site hazard evaluation for the confined space, the Entry Supervisor must secure the space to prevent unauthorized entry and
to protect Authorized Entrants during the hazard evaluation and entry operation
Any conditions which make it unsafe to remove an entrance cover must be eliminated before the cover is removed. Following removal an entrance
cover, the opening must be guarded by railing, temporary, or other effective means, so as to protect the Authorized Entrants from falling objects or
other hazards. The area outside the entrance must be cleared of nonessential equipment and tools which may present a safety hazard.
If necessary, pedestrian and/or vehicle barriers must be erected to protect Authorized Entrants from external hazards.
Confined Space Entry Program
Confined Space Hazard Evaluation
The Entry Supervisor must ensure that the confined space is thoroughly evaluated for potential or actual hazardous atmospheres and physical
hazards.
Any information available about the nature of the space and how it is used, should be reviewed. This information will be utilized to anticipate hazards
that may occur during the entry operation.
The Entry Supervisor must anticipate which types of materials may exist in the space including:
The Entry Supervisor must also consider the possibility of physical hazards within the confined space. Physical hazards may be anticipated if the
approximate size and configuration of the space is known. It will also be necessary to consider the presence of energized or live equipment and other
energy sources in or around the confined space.
The results of the hazard evaluation must be recorded in the appropriate area on the Confined Space Evaluation/Entry Permit Form.
If material within the space could potentially create a hazardous atmosphere, the Entry Supervisor must ensure that atmospheric testing/air monitoring
is performed.
The atmospheric testing equipment used should test for the following:
l Oxygen
l Combustible Gases or Vapors
l Toxic Gases or Vapors
Testing must be performed throughout the confined space including remote areas. Possible stratification of the atmosphere must be taken into
consideration during atmospheric testing.
Under most circumstances, initial atmospheric testing will be performed from outside the confined space. If it becomes necessary to enter the space in
order to conduct air testing, this entry operation must be conducted in accordance with PRCS entry procedures.
Initial atmospheric testing will be performed prior to the use of ventilation equipment. If forced ventilation is used, testing will also be done after the
space is ventilated.
If hazardous atmospheres are identified, and it is not possible to eliminate the hazard (or potential hazard) through ventilation, continuous air
monitoring must be conducted for the duration of the entry operation.
Atmospheric testing may only be performed by specially trained individuals. Individuals who monitor the atmosphere must also receive the same
training as Authorized Entrants.
Atmospheric testing equipment must be calibrated immediately prior to use in the field. The equipment must also be checked for interference
whenever testing for multiple contaminants. Only equipment which is intrinsically safe may be used to test atmospheres within a confined space.
The Entry Supervisor will establish acceptable entry conditions based on the results of the hazard evaluation.
If no hazards (or potential hazards) are identified, the confined space may be considered a NPCS and entry may proceed according to NPCS entry
procedures
If hazards are identified within the confined space, the space will be considered a PRCS.
No one may enter a PRCS until the entry conditions are considered acceptable by the Entry Supervisor.
Corrective action must be taken if one or more of the following hazardous atmospheric conditions has been identified;
Where special protective measures and procedures are followed, the PRCS shall not be entered until the concentration of the flammable material is
reduced to less than (10%) of the LFL.
The Entry Supervisor will determine the appropriate means for controlling or eliminating the atmospheric hazard, including:
After one or both of these actions have been taken, air testing will be conducted again to determine whether the hazard has been eliminated.
Confined Space Entry Program
If it not possible or feasible to eliminate or control the hazardous atmosphere, respirators may be used to protect the Authorized Entrants, provided:
l The respirator selected for use is approved to protect against the identified hazard(s) at the concentration(s) measured during atmospheric
testing.
l If the atmosphere is oxygen deficient, a self -contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or a supplied-air respirator (SAR) with auxiliary self contained
air supply must be worn by the entrants.
l The Entrants have received training, physical examinations and respirator fit tests as required in the Respiratory Protection Pr ogram.
l Physical hazards have been eliminated or controlled.
If physical hazards are discovered (or potentially exist), they must be eliminated or controlled prior to entry. If necessary the PRCS must be isolated to
control the release of materials or energy into the space. This may be accomplished by one or more of the following:
Some physical hazards may also be controlled by utilizing protective equipment, including (but not limited to):
l Safety Harnesses.
l Rescue lifting devices.
l Lifelines.
l Fall protection devices.
l Hard Hats.
l Protective clothing
l High voltage rubber goods.
l Non-skid or safety footwear.
l Safety glasses or goggles.
l Hearing protection devices.
l Manhole entrance rings.
l Worksite barricades at the entrances.
l Lighting equipment.
Authorized Entrants must use a safety harness with attached lifeline during the PRCS entry operation, unless the use of this equipment would
increase the overall risk of entry or would not contribute to the rescue of the Entrant.
The acceptable entry conditions, as defined by the Entry Supervisor must be documented on the Confined Space Evaluation/Entry Permit Form in the
appropriate area.
All equipment necessary to ensure that the acceptable entry conditions are met, must be listed on the confined Space Evaluation/Entry Permit Form, in
the appropriate area.
If prohibited conditions occur, the PRCS entry operation must be stopped and the space evacuated. Entry cannot proceed until corrective action is
taken
Ventilation
If atmospheric monitoring results indicate that a potentially hazardous atmosphere exists, the confined space will be ventilated to eliminate the
hazards, unless it is impossible or unsafe to do so.
The confined space will be ventilated prior to entry, and will continue to be ventilated until it has been verified (through atmospheric testing) that
acceptable entry conditions have been met.
In most cases, forced ventilation should continue for the duration of the entry operation.
Continuous forced ventilation is always required whenever the work activities require the use of open flames, welding equipment, solvents, or any other
material which could create a hazardous atmosphere within a confined space.
Air used for ventilation must come from a non-contaminated source.
The ventilation system must be designed to ensure that workers outside the confined space are not exposed to contaminated air exhausted from the
space.
Confined spaces must be ventilated so that no possible gas pockets remain in remote areas of the space.
The Entry Supervisor will determine the best method for ventilating the confined space.
Communication
An effective means of communication between Authorized Entrants and the Attendant must be established.
Any method of communication (e.g., visual, vocal, radio or signal) may be used as long as it is effective.
The Entry Supervisor will select the most appropriate method of communication for the entry operation.
Confined Space Entry Program
Equipment
The Entry Supervisor will determine what equipment is needed to safely perform the entry operation. The following types of equipment may be
required for the confined space entry operation:
The equipment selected for use during the entry operation must be listed on the Confined Space Evaluation/Entry Permit Form.
The Entry Supervisor must ensure that the equipment is in good working condition. The equipment must be inspected before it is used during the entry
operation.
Electrical equipment, tools and lighting used in the confined space must not have damaged cords or connections.
The Entry Supervisor will ensure that all Entry Team members have been trained to use the equipment, and that the equipment is used properly
throughout the entry operation.
Procedures for rescue/emergency response will vary, depending on the type and location of the confined space; the hazards associated with the
confined space; the nature of the entry operation.
The Entry Supervisor will determine the appropriate method of rescue/emergency response for the specific entry operations.
The Entry Supervisor must ensure that all Entry Team members understand the rescue/emergency procedures selected for the entry operation.
It is essential for at least one Attendant to remain outside a PRCS for the duration of the entry operation.
The Attendant will play a key role in coordinating emergency response/rescue operations. In the event of an emergency, the Attendant will take the
following actions:
l Summon the designated Emergency Response/Rescue Team - without leaving the entrance to the PRCS.
l If the Entrants are wearing safety harnesses and lifelines attached to a rescue lifting device, the Attendant may attempt to res cue from outside
the confined space, after first calling for assistance.
l The Attendant may not enter the confined space at any time to attempt to rescue, unless first relieved by another Attendant.
l Only person who are trained to perform a confined space entry rescue operation may enter the confined space to attempt a rescue.
Pre-Entry Briefing
The Entry Supervisor must conduct a pre-entry briefing before the PRCS entry operation begins. The following topics will be addressed during the
briefing:
l The nature of the hazards associated with the confined space entry operation.
l The signs, symptoms and consequences of exposure to any atmospheric hazards which may be associated with the entry operation.
l Prohibited conditions and activities.
l Review of safe work practices to be followed during the entry operation.
l Communication method to be used during the entry operation.
l Emergency Response/Rescue procedures that apply for the entry operation.
Any confined space within the work environment is considered a PRCS until a hazard evaluation has been completed and it is determined to be a NPCS.
The following general procedures apply whenever work will be performed a NPCS.
The Supervisor in charge must ensure that the space is secured to prevent unauthorized entry and to protect employees during the hazard evaluation
and entry operation.
Hazard Evaluation
The Supervisor will ensure that a complete hazard evaluation is conducted (as described in the PRCS entry procedures).
If it is determined that no hazards currently exist in the confined space; that hazardous conditions will not arise as a result of work activities performed
within the confined space; and that there is little or no potential for hazardous conditions to occur for any reason, the PRCS may be reclassified as a
NPCS.
If a hazardous atmosphere within a confined space can be eliminated through ventilation or other means prior to entry, and there is little or no
potential for the atmospheric hazard to recur, the PRCS may be reclassified as a NPCS, provided no other hazards exist.
The results of the hazard evaluation must be entered on the Confined Space Evaluation/Entry Permit Form, in the appropriate area.
The employee in charge will complete the NPCS Authorization Form.
Confined Space Entry Program
Conducting a NPCS Entry Operation
The NPCS entry operation may proceed, only if the following provisions are met:
Whenever a contractor has been retained to work within or near a confined space, the facility manager will be responsible for coordinating the confined
space entry operation with the contractor.
No confined space entry operation will proceed until the Confined Space Evaluation/Entry Permit System Forms are properly completed.
Prior to entry, the Entry Supervisor must ensure that all required information is entered on the Confined Space Evaluation/Entry Permit System Form,
including:
If any complications arise during the entry operation, they must be documented on the Confined Space Evaluation/Entry Permit System Form in the
space provided.
If any other permits are required to perform work inside the confined space (e.g., hot work permits), they must be attached to the Confined Space
Evaluation/Entry Permit System Form.
If a PRCS is reclassified as a NPCS, all applicable sections of the Confined Space Evaluation/Entry Permit System must be completed, including the
NPCS Authorization Form.
The completed Entry Permit must be posted outside the confined space entrance, for the duration of the entry operation.
The Entry Permit must be canceled:
After the entry operation is finished, the Entry Supervisor must complete the Post Entry Evaluation Form.
Canceled and completed Confined Space Evaluation/Entry Permit System Forms must be retained by the Facility Manager.
Only specially trained individuals are permitted to participate in PRCS entry operation. The following provision apply for the Confined Space Entry Training
Program:
All members of the confined space Entry Team must be trained to perform any duties that may be assigned to them during a PRCS entry operation.
Training must be provided:
l Initially, before an employee is assigned to perform duties as part of the Confined Space Entry Team.
l Annually, in the form of refresher training.
l Whenever new confined space entry hazards that were not addressed during previous training are identified.
l Whenever any procedures addressed in the Confined Space Entry Program are changed or revised.
l Whenever it is apparent that there are deficiencies in an employees knowledge of PRCS entry operation procedures.
As part of the Confined Space Entry Training Program, employees will be required to demonstrate their ability to perform any duties that will be
assigned to them during PRCS entry operations.
Confined Space Entry Program
Yes
No
Yes Unforeseen hazard is discovered.
Space is a PRCS. Entry operation
No
may commence according to PRCS
Yes
Accident Recording
1. Reporting
A. A detailed description of all occupational injuries and illnesses must be recorded.
2. Retention of records
A. Reports and medical records must be retained for (5) years except where otherwise mandated by law.
No Decompression Schedules
Dives that are not long or deep enough to require decompression stops are no decompression dives. Dives to 33 or less do not require decompression
stops. As the depth increases, the allowable bottom time for no decompression dives decreases. Five minutes at 190 is the shortest and deepest no
decompression schedule. These dives are affiliated in the No Decompression Limits and Repetitive Group Designation Table for No
Decompression Dives, (No Decompression Table and only require compliance with the 60 per minute rate of ascent.
For example - a dive to 82 for (36) minutes. To determine the proper decompression procedure; The next greater depth listed in this table is 90. The next
greater bottom time listed opposite 90 is (40). Stop (7) minutes at 10 in accordance with the 90/40 schedule.
For example - a dive to 100 for (30) minutes. It is known that the depth did not exceed 110. To determine the proper decompression schedule; The exact
depth of 110 is listed. The exact bottom time of (30) minutes is listed opposite the 110 the 110. Decompress according 110/30 schedule unless the dive
was particularly cold or arduous. In that case, go to the 110 /40, the 120/30, or the 120/40 at your own discretion
U.S. Navy Surface Interval Credit Table
Z 0:10- 0:34 0:48 1:02 1:18 1:38 1:55 2:17 2:42 3:10 3:45 4:29 5:27 6:56 10:05 12:00*
0:22
O 0:10- 0:347 0:51 1:07 1:24 1:43 2:04 2:29 2:59 3:33 4:17 5:16 6:44 9:54 12:00*
0:23
N 0:10- 0:39 0:54 1:11 1:30 1:53 2:18 2:47 3:22 4:04 5:03 6:32 9:43 12:00*
0:24
M 0:10- 0:42 0:59 1:18 1:39 2:05 2:34 3:08 3:52 4:49 6:18 9:28 12:00*
0:25
L 0:10 0:45 1:04 1:25 1:49 2:19 2:53 3:36 4:35 6:02 9:12 12:00*
0:26
K 0:10- 0:49 1:11 1:35 2:03 2:38 3:21 4:19 5:48 8:58 12:00*
0:28
J 0:10- 0:54 1:19 1:47 2:20 3:04 4:02 5;40 8:40 12:00*
0:31
The bottom times listed in this table are called residual nitrogen times and are the times a diver is to consider he has already spent on bottom when he
starts a repetitive dive to a specific depth. They are in minutes.
Enter the table horizontally with the repetitive group designation from Surface Interval Credit Table. The time in each vertical column is the number of
minutes that would be required (at the depth listed at the head of the column) to saturate to the particular group.
For example - the final group designation from the Surface Interval Credit Table, on the basis of a previous dive and surface interval, is H. To plan a dive
to (110)ft, determine the residual nitrogen time for this depth required by the repetitive group designation: Enter this table along the horizontal line labeled
H. The table shows that one must start a dive to (110)ft as though he had already been on the bottom for (27) minutes. This information can be applied to
the Standard Air Decompression Table or No Decompression Table in a manner of ways:
(1) Assuming a diver is going to finish a job and take whatever decompression is required, he must add (27) minutes to his actual bottom time and be
prepared to take decompression according to the (110)ft schedules for the sum or equivalent single dive time.
(2) Assuming one wishes to make a quick inspection dive for the minimum decompression, he will decompress according to the 110/30 schedule for a
dive of (3) minutes or less (27+3=30). For a dive over (3) minutes but less than (13), he will decompress according according to the 110/40 schedule
(27+13=40).
(3) Assuming that one does not want to exceed the 110/50 schedule and the amount of decompression it requires, he will have to start before ascent
before (23) minutes of actual bottom time (50-27=23).
(4) Assuming that a diver has air for approximately (45) minutes bottom time and decompression stops, the possible dives can be computed: A dive of (13)
minutes will require (23) minutes of decompression (110/40 schedule), for a total submerged time of 36 minutes. A dive of (13) to (23) minutes will
require (34) minutes of decompression (110/50 schedule), for a total submerged time of (47) to (57) minutes. Therefore, to be safe, the diver will have
to start ascent before (13) minutes or a standby air source will have to be provided.
U.S. Navy No Decompression Limits
and repetitive group designation table for no decompression dives
Repetitive Groups
No
Depth Decompressio A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O
(ft.) n
Limits
(Min.)
To find the repetitive group designation at surfacing for dives involving exposures up to and including the no decompression limits: Enter the table on
the exact or next greater depth than that to which exposed and select the listed exposure time exact or next greater then the ac tual exposure time.
The repetitive group designation is indicated by the letter at the head of the vertical column where the selected exposure time is listed.
For example: A dive was to (32)ft for (45) minutes. Enter the table along the (35)ft depth line since it is greater than (32)ft. The table shows that since
group D is left after (40) minutes exposure and group E after (50) minutes, group E (at the head of the column where the (50) minute exposure is
listed)is the proper selection.
Exposure times foe depths less than 40 are listed only up to approximately (5) hours since this is considered to be beyond field requirements for this table.
Required Surface Interval Before Ascent to Altitude
Repetitive
Group
Designator 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10,000
A 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00
B 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 2:11
C 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 3:06 8:26
D 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:09 3:28 7:33 12:52
E 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:51 3:35 6:54 10:59 16:18
F 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 1:12 3:40 6:23 9:43 13:47 19:07
G 0:00 0:00 0:00 1:23 3:34 6:02 8:46 12:05 16:10 21:29
H 0:00 0:00 1:31 3:26 5:37 8:05 10:49 14:09 18:13 23:33
I 0:00 1:32 3:20 5:15 7:26 9:54 12:38 15:58 20:02 24:00
J 1:32 3:09 4:57 6:52 9:04 11:32 14:16 17:35 21:39 24:00
K 3:00 4:37 6:25 8:20 10:32 13:00 15:44 19:03 23:07 24:00
L 4:21 5:57 7:46 9:41 11:52 14:20 17:04 20:23 24:00 24:00
M 5:35 7:11 9:00 10:55 13:06 15:34 18:18 21:37 24:00 24:00
N 6:43 8:20 10:08 12:03 14:14 16:42 19:26 22:46 24:00 24:00
O 7:47 9:24 11:12 13:07 15:18 17:46 20:30 23:49 24:00 24:00
Z 8:17 9:54 11:42 13:37 15:49 18:17 21:01 24:00 24:00 24:00
Note 1When using this table, use the highest repetitive group designator obtained in the previous 24-hour period.
Note 2This table may only be used when the maximum altitude is 10,000 ft or less.
Note 3The cabin pressure in commercial aircraft is maintained at a constant value regardless of the actual altitude of the flight. Though cabin pressure
varies somewhat with aircraft type, the nominal value is 8000 ft to compute the required surface interval before flying.
Note 4No surface interval is required before taking a commercial flight if the dive site is at 8000 ft or higher. In this case, flying results in an increase in
atmospheric pressure instead of a decrease.
Note 5No repetitive group is given for air dives with surface decompression on oxygen or air. For these surface decompression dives, enter the standard
air table with the sea level equivalent depth and bottom time of the dive to obtain the appropriate repetitive group designator to be used.
Note 6For ascent to altitude following a non-saturation helium-oxygen dive, wait 12 hours if the dive was a no-decompression dive. Wait 24 hours if the
dive was a decompression dive.
U.S. Navy Standard Air Decompression Table
Depth Bottom Time Time to 1st Stop Decompression Stops Total Ascent Repetitive Group Depth
(ft) (mins) (min:sec) (min:sec) (ft)
50 40 30 20 10
30 0 1:30
40 1:20 7 8:30 J
50 1:20 18 19:30 L
60 1:20 25 26:30 M
70 1:10 7 30 38:30 N
80 1:10 13 40 54:30 N
90 1:10 18 48 67:30 O
100 1:10 21 54 76:30 Z
90 110 1:10 24 61 86:30 Z
90
120 1:10 32 68 101:30 Z
130 1:00 5 36 74 116:30 Z
25 0 1:40
30 1:30 3 4:40 I
40 1:30 15 16:40 K
50 1:20 2 24 27:40 L
60 1:20 9 28 38:40 N
70 1:20 17 39 57:40 O
80 1:20 23 48 72:40 O
90 1:10 3 23 57 84:40 Z
100 100 1:10 7 23 66 97:40 Z
100
110 1:10 10 34 72 117:40 Z
120 1:10 12 41 78 132:40 Z
20 0 1:50
25 1:40 3 4:50 H
30 1:40 7 8:50 J
40 1:30 2 21 24:50 L
50 1:30 8 26 35:50 M
60 1:30 18 36 55:50 N
70 1:20 1 23 48 73:50 O
110 80 1:20 7 23 57 88:50 Z 110
90 1:20 12 30 64 107:50 Z
100 1:20 15 37 72 125:50 Z
15 0 2:00
20 1:50 2 4:00 H
25 1:50 6 8:00 I
30 1:50 14 16:00 J
40 1:40 5 25 32:00 L
50 1:40 15 31 48:00 N
60 1:30 2 22 45 71:00 O
70 1:30 9 23 55 89:00 O
120 80 1:30 15 27 63 107:00 Z
120
90 1:30 19 37 74 132:00 Z
100 1:30 23 45 80 150:00 Z
10 0 2:10
15 2:00 1 3:10 F
20 2:00 4 6:10 H
25 2:00 10 12:10 J
30 1:50 3 18 23:10 M
40 1:50 10 25 37:10 N
50 1:40 3 21 37 63:10 O
60 1:40 9 23 52 86:10 Z
130 70 1:40 16 24 61 103:10 Z
130
80 1:30 3 19 35 72 131:10 Z
90 1:30 8 19 45 80 154:10 Z
U.S. Navy Surface Decompression Table - Air
Depth Bottom Time Time to 1st Stop Time at Water Stops Chamber Stop Total Ascent Depth
(ft) (mins) (min:sec) (min:sec) (ft)
50 40 30 20 10 30 20 10
40 1:20 3 7 15:20
50 1:20 3 18 26:20
60 1:20 3 25 33:20
70 1:10 3 7 30 45:40
80 1:10 13 13 40 71:40
90 1:10 18 18 48 89:40
100 1:10 21 21 54 101:40
110 1:10 24 24 61 114:40
90 120 1:10 32 32 68 137:40
90
130 1:00 5 36 36 74 156:40
40 1:30 3 15 23:30
50 1:20 3 3 24 35:50
60 1:20 3 9 28 45:50
70 1:20 3 17 39 64:50
80 1:20 23 23 48 99:50
90 1:10 3 23 23 57 111:50
100 100 1:10 7 23 23 66 124:50 100
110 1:10 10 34 34 72 155:50
120 1:10 12 41 41 78 177:50
30 1:40 3 7 15:40
40 1:30 3 3 21 33:00
50 1:30 3 8 26 43:00
60 1:30 18 18 36 78:00
70 1:20 1 23 23 48 101:00
80 1:20 7 23 23 57 116:00
110 90 1:20 12 30 30 64 142:00 110
100 1:20 15 37 37 72 167:00
25 1:50 3 6 14:50
30 1:50 3 14 22:50
40 1:40 3 5 25 39:10
50 1:40 15 15 31 67:10
60 1:30 2 22 22 45 97:10
70 1:30 9 23 23 55 116:10
120 80 1:30 15 27 27 63 138:10 120
90 1:30 19 37 37 74 173:10
100 1:30 23 45 45 80 189:10
25 2:00 3 10 19:00
30 1:50 3 3 18 30:20
40 1:50 10 10 25 51:20
50 1:40 3 21 21 37 88:20
60 1:40 9 23 23 52 113:20
70 1:40 16 24 24 61 131:20
130 80 1:30 3 19 35 35 72 170:20 130
90 1:30 8 19 45 45 80 203:20
26
U.S. Navy Surface Decompression Table - Air
Depth Bottom Time Time to 1st Stop Time at Water Stops Chamber Stop Total Ascent Depth
(ft) (mins) (min:sec) (min:sec) (ft)
50 40 30 20 10 30 20 10
20 2:10 3 6 15:10
25 2:00 3 3 14 26:30
30 2:00 5 5 21 37:30
40 1:50 2 16 16 26 66:30
50 1:50 6 24 24 44 104:30
60 1:50 16 23 23 56 124:30
140 70 1:40 4 19 32 32 68 161:30 140
80 1:40 10 23 41 41 79 200:30
20 2:10 3 3 7 19:40
25 2:10 4 4 17 31:40
30 2:10 8 8 24 46:40
40 2:00 5 19 19 33 82:40
50 2:00 12 23 23 51 115:40
60 1:50 3 19 26 26 62 142:40
150 70 1:50 11 19 39 39 75 189:40 150
80 1:40 1 17 19 50 50 84 227:40
20 2:20 3 3 11 23:50
25 2:20 7 7 20 40:50
30 2:10 2 11 11 25 55:50
40 2:10 7 23 23 39 98:50
160 50
60
2:00
2:00
2
9
16
19
23
33
23
33
55
69
125:50
169:50
160
70 1:50 1 17 22 44 44 80 214:50
15 2:30 3 3 5 18:00
20 2:30 4 4 15 30:00
25 2:30 2 7 7 23 46:00
30 2:20 4 13 13 26 63:00
40 2:10 1 10 23 23 45 109:00
50 2:10 5 18 23 23 61 137:00
170 60 2:00 2 15 22 37 37 74 194:00 170
70 2:00 8 17 19 51 51 86 239:00
15 2:40 3 3 6 19:10
20 2:30 1 5 5 17 35:10
25 2:30 3 10 10 24 54:10
30 2:30 6 17 17 27 74:10
180 40
50
2:20
2:10 2
3
9
14
19
23
30
23
30
50
65
120:10
162:10
180
60 2:10 5 16 19 44 44 81 216:10
15 2:50 4 4 7 22:20
20 2:40 2 6 6 20 41:20
25 2:40 5 11 11 25 59:20
30 2:30 1 8 19 19 32 86:20
190 40
50
2:30
2:20 4
8
13
14
22
23
33
23
33
55
72
130:20
184:20
190
60 2:20 10 17 19 50 50 84 237:20
Surface Decompression Table Using Oxygen
Depth Bottom Time Time to 1st Stop Decompression Stops 40ft Chamber Total Decomp Depth
(ft) (mins) (min:sec) Stop (min) (min:sec) (ft)
60 50 40 30
52 2:48 2:48
90 2:48 15 23:48
70 120
150
2:48
2:28
23
31
31:48
39:48
70
180 2:48 39 47:48
40 3:12 3:12
70 3:12 14 23:12
85 3:12 20 29:12
100 3:12 26 35:12
80 115
130
3:12
3:12
31
37
40:12
46:12
80
150 3:12 44 53:12
32 3:36 3:36
60 3:36 14 23:36
70 3:36 20 29:36
80 3:36 25 34:36
90 3:36 30 39:36
100 3:36 34 43:36
90 110 3:36 39 48:36 90
120 3:36 43 52:36
130 3:36 48 57:36
26 4:00 4:00
50 4:00 14 24:00
60 4:00 20 30:00
70 4:00 26 36:00
80 4:00 32 42:00
90 4:00 38 48:00
100 100 4:00 44 54:00 100
110 4:00 49 59:00
120 2:48 3 53 65:48
22 4:24 4:24
40 4:24 12 22:24
50 4:24 19 29:24
60 4:24 26 36:24
70 4:24 33 43:24
80 3:12 1 40 51:12
110 90 3:12 2 46 58:12 110
100 3:12 5 51 66:12
110 3:12 12 54 78:12
18 4:48 4:48
30 4:48 9 19:48
40 4:48 16 28:48
50 4:48 24 34:48
60 3:36 2 32 44:36
70 3:36 4 39 53:36
120 80 3:36 5 48 81:36 120
90 3:12 3 7 51 72:12
100 3:12 6 15 54 86:12
Surface Decompression Table Using Oxygen
Depth Bottom Time Time to 1st Stop Decompression Stops 40ft Chamber Total Decomp Depth
(ft) (mins) (min:sec) Stop (min) (min:sec) (ft)
60 50 40 30
15 5:12 5:12
30 5:12 12 23:12
40 5:12 21 32:12
50 4:00 3 29 43:00
60 4:00 5 37 53:00
70 4:00 7 45 63:00
130 80 3:36 6 7 51 75:36 130
90 3:36 10 12 56 89:36
13 5:36 5:36
25 5:36 11 22:36
30 5:36 15 26:36
35 5:36 20 31:36
40 4:24 2 24 37:24
45 4:24 4 29 44:24
50 4:24 6 33 50:24
55 4:24 7 38 56:24
140 60 4:24 8 43 62:24
140
65 4:00 3 7 48 70:00
70 3:36 2 7 7 51 79:38
11 6:00 6:00
25 6:00 13 25:00
30 6:00 18 30:00
35 4:48 4 23 38:48
40 4:24 3 6 27 48:24
45 4:24 5 7 33 57:24
150 50 4:00 2 5 8 38 66:00 150
55 3:36 2 5 9 4 44 77:36
9 6:24 6:24
20 6:24 11 23:24
25 6:24 16 28:24
30 5:12 2 21 35:12
160 35
40
4:48
4:24 3
4
5
6
8
26
32
48:48
61:24
160
45 4:00 2 4 8 8 38 73:00
7 6:48 6:48
20 6:48 13 25:48
25 6:48 19 31:48
30 5:12 3 5 23 44:12
170 35
40
4:48
4:24 4
4
4
4
8
7
6
29
36
57:48
72:24
170
Treatment of an Unconscious Diver
( Loss of consciousness during or within (24) hours after a dive.)
Notes
Artificial Respiration
(a) Shift to a mechanical resuscitator if one is available and working properly, but never wait for it. Always start a manual method first.
(b) Continue artificial respiration by some method without interruption until normal breathing resumes or victim is pronounced dead. Continue on way to
chamber and during recompression. (Do not use oxygen deeper than (60)ft in chamber)
Recompression
( c) Remember that an unconscious diver may have air embolism or serious decompression sickness even though some other accidents s eems to explain
his condition
(d) Recompress unless -
(1) Victim regains consciousness and is free of nervous system symptoms before recompression can be started.
(2) Possibility of air embolism or decompression sickness can be rules out without question.
(3) Another lifesaving measure is absolutely required and makes recompression impossible.
(e) Try to reach a recompression chamber no matter how far it is.
(f) Treat according to treatment 3 or 4, depending on response. Remember that early recovery under pressure never rules out the need for adequate
treatment.
Pain - Back
Pain - Neck
Pain - Chest
Pain - Stomach
Pain - Arms/Legs
Pain - Shoulders
Pain - Hips
Unconsciousness
Shock
Vertigo
Visual Difficulty
Nausea/Vomiting
Hearing Difficulty
Speech Difficulty
Balance Lack
Numbness
Weakness
Strange Sensations
Swollen Neck
Short of Breath
Cyanosis
Skin Changes
Possible Cause
Probable
Confirming Information
YES NO YES NO
Never
1. Permit any shortening or other alteration to the tables except under the direction of a trained Diving Medical Officer.
2. Let patient sleep between depth changes or for more than (1) hour at any (1) stop.
3. Wait for a bag resuscitator. Use mouth-to-mouth immediately if breathing ceases.
4. Break rhythm during resuscitation.
5. Permit the use of oxygen below (60) ft.
6. Fail to report symptoms early (diver).
7. Fail to treat doubtful cases.
8. Allow personnel in the chamber to assume any cramped position which may interfere with complete blood circulation.
Note: The utilization of a He-O2 breathing medium is an option to be considered at the discretion of the cognizant medical officer as determined by the
circumstances of the individual case.
Table 1A
Air Treatment of Pain-Only Decompression Sickness Depth Time Breathing Total Elapsed
100-Foot Treatment (feet) (minutes) Media Time (minutes)
100 30 Air 30
1. Treatment of pain-only decompression sickness when oxygen unavailable
and pain is relieved at a depth less than (66)ft. 80 12 Air 43
2. Descent rate - (25)ft/min.
3. Ascent rate - (1)minutes between stops. 60 30 Air 74
4. Time at (100) ft - includes time from surface. 50 30 Air 105
5. If the piping configuration of the chamber does not allow it to return to
atmospheric pressure from the (10)ft stop in the one minute specified 40 30 Air 136
disregard the additional time required.
30 60 Air 197
20 60 Air 258
10 120 Air 379
0 1 Air 380
Table 2A
Air Treatment of Pain-Only Decompression Sickness Depth Time Breathing Total Elapsed
165ft Treatment (feet) (minutes) Media Time (minutes)
165 30 Air 30
1. Treatment of pain-only decompression sickness when oxygen unavailable
and pain is relieved at a depth greater than (66)ft. 140 12 Air 43
2. Descent rate - (25)ft/min.
120 12 Air 56
3. Ascent rate - (1)minute between stops.
4. Time at (165)ft - includes time from surface. 100 12 Air 69
80 12 Air 82
60 30 Air 113
50 30 Air 144
40 30 Air 175
30 120 Air 296
20 120 Air 417
10 240 Air 658
0 1 Air 659
Table 3
Air Treatment of Serious Decompression Sickness or Depth Time Breathing Total Elapsed
Gas Embolism (feet) (minutes) Media Time (minutes)
165 30 Air 30
1. Treatment of serious symptoms or gas embolism when oxygen unavailable
and symptoms are relieved within (30)minutes at (165)ft. 140 12 Air 43
2. Descent rate - as rapidly as possible.
3. Ascent rate - (1)minute between stops. 120 12 Air 56
4. Time at (165)ft - includes time from surface. 100 12 Air 69
80 12 Air 82
60 30 Air 113
50 30 Air 144
40 30 Air 175
30 720 Air 896
20 120 Air 1017
10 120 Air 1138
0 60 Air 1139
Table 4
Recompression Treatment of Decompression Sickness Depth Time Breathing Total Elapsed
& Gas Embolism Using Air (feet) (minutes) Media Time (minutes)
165 30 to 120 Air 120
1. Use - treatment of serious symptoms or gas embolism when oxygen cannot
be used or when symptoms are not relieved within (30) minutes at (165) ft. 140 30 Air 151
2. Descent rate - as fast as possible.
120 30 Air 182
3. Ascent rate - (1) minute between stops.
4. Time at (165)ft - includes time from the surface. 100 30 Air 213
5. No modification or extension of this table is permitted except by a Diving
Medical Officer. 80 30 Air 244
6. If the piping configuration of the chamber does not allow it to return to
60 360 Air 605
atmospheric pressure f rom the (10)ft stop in the (1)minute specified,
disregard the additional time required. 50 360 Air 966
40 360 Air 1327
30 660 Air 1988
30 60 Oxygen (or air) 2048
20 60 Air 2109
20 60 Oxygen (or air) 2169
10 60 Air 2230
10 60 Oxygen (or air) 2290
0 1 Oxygen 2291
Table 5
Minimal Recompression, Oxygen Breathing Method for
Treatment of Decompression Sickness & Gas Embolism Depth Time Breathing Total Elapsed
(feet) (minutes) Media Time (minutes)
1. Use - treatment of pain-only decompression sickness when oxygen can be
used and symptoms are relieved within (10)minutes at (60)feet. Patient 60 20 Oxygen 20
breathes oxygen from the surface.
60 5 Air 25
2. Descent rate - (25)ft/min
3. Ascent rate - (1)ft/min. Do not compensate for slower ascent rates. 60 20 Oxygen 45
Compensate for faster rates by halting the ascent.
4. Time at (60)ft begins on arrival at (60)ft. 60 to 30 30 Oxygen 75
5. If oxygen breathing must be interrupted, allow (15)minutes after the reaction
has subsided and resume schedule at point of interruption. 30 5 Air 80
6. If oxygen breathing must be interrupted at (60)ft, switch to Table 6 upon
arrival at the (30)ft stop. 30 20 Oxygen 100
7. Tender breathes air throughout. If treatment is a repetitive dive for tender
or tables are lengthened, tender should breathe oxygen during the last 30 5 Air 105
(30)minutes of ascent to the surface.
30 to 0 30 Oxygen 135
Table 6
Oxygen Treatment of Serious Decompression Sickness Depth Time Breathing Total Elapsed
(feet) (minutes) Media Time (minutes)
1. Treatment of serious or pain-only decompression sickness when symptoms
60 20 Oxygen 20
are not relieved within (10)minutes at (60)ft.
2. Descent rate - (25)ft/min. 60 5 Air 25
3. Ascent rate - (1)ft/min. Do not compensate for slower ascent rates.
Compensate for faster ascent rates by halting the ascent. 60 20 Oxygen 45
4. Time at (60)ft - begins on arrival at (60)ft. 60 5 Air 50
5. If oxygen breathing must be interrupted, allow (15)minutes after the reaction
has entirely subsided and resume schedule at point of interruption, 60 20 Oxygen 70
6. Tender breathes air throughout. If treatment is a repetitive dive for tender
or tables are lengthened, tender should breathe oxygen during the last (30) 60 5 Air 75
minutes of ascent to the surface. 60 to 30 30 Oxygen 105
30 15 Air 120
30 60 Oxygen 180
30 15 Air 195
30 60 Oxygen 255
30 to 0 30 Oxygen 285
Notes on Artificial Respiration
1. Start artificial respiration immediately whenever a man is not breathing due to drowning or any other cause.
a. Never wait for mechanical resuscitator.
b. Delay only to stop serious bleeding. (If possible have another person tend to such measures while you start artificial respiration.)
c. Send another person for medical officer or other competent aid.
2. Before starting, remove victim from the cause of his trouble; but do not waste time moving him any farther than necessary.
3. Get on with artificial respiration. Leave details to others or try to get them done quickly between cycles.
a. Recheck position of victim:
(1) On stomach
(2) Head slightly lower than feet if possible, especially in drowning.
(3) Head turned to side, chin pulled toward operator.
(4) Hands under head.
b. Recheck airway:
(1) Remove froth, debris or other material.
(2) See that tongue stays forward; have someone hold it if it draws back (you can run a safety pin through it if necessary).
(3) If artificial respiration does not move any air, there is an obstruction. Strangulation must be overcome.
c. Loosen any tight clothing - collar, belt, etc.
d. Keep victim warm.
e. Check pulse. Combat shock.
4. Continue artificial respiration without interruption. (Minimum time is 4 hours unless revives or is pronouned dead by
medicalofficer.)
a. Do not apply too much back pressure.
b. If you become tired, let another operator take over. Do not break rhythm during shift.
c. Watch carefully for signs of return of natural breathing movements. If they appear, time your movements to assist them.
d. Shift to mechanical resuscitator if one is available, ready and operating properly.
e. If victim starts breathing for himself, watch him carefully. Resume artificial respiration if he stops or if movements become too feeble.
5. If victim revives, continue care.
a. Keep him lying down.
b. Remove wet clothes; keep warm.
c. Give nothing by mouth until fully conscious.
d. Attend to any injuries.
e. Be sure he is seen promptly by medical officer.
NOTE
If victim has been underwater with any kind of breathing apparatus, he may have air embolism. This can seldom be ruled out in an unconscious diver
whether he is breathing or not, and recompression should be given if any doubts exist.
Do not delay artificial respiration. Give it by some method on way to chamber and during recompression
Excellent method. Not too tiring if properly done. Especially valuable in Highly effective where victim cannot be place flat. Could be used in water
cramped space or if victims arms are injured. with floatation gear.
Position: Face victims head. Kneel on one knee - knee well forward of Position: Sit behind victim, arms around chest under his arms.
victims hip and close in to operators forearm. Grip hip bones with both Pressure: Squeeze chest with both arms.
hands. Arm-lift: Raise both arms lifting victims arms.
Roll: Sway toward kneeling side. Keep arms straight. Roll victims hip up Caution: Do everything possible to prevent obstruction; keep tongue forward.
on thigh to elevate the hips off ground. Sway back and let down.
Back Pressure: Shift hands from hips to back just below shoulder blades.
Rock forward and press almost straight down.
Effective; usable in very cramped space; permits facing victim. One of the most effective methods. Can be performed almost anywhere and
in any position. Method of choice for infants and young children. Especially
Position: Victim seated, operator kneels straddling his legs. Grasp both valuable in chest injury cases.
wrists.
Pressure: Place victims hands side-by-side on chest. Push. Position: Having cleared mouth, hold victims jaw in jutting out
Arm-lift: Raise victims arms over his head. position with one hand. Close nostrils with other hand. Place your mouth
Caution: Try to prevent obstruction. over his, making good seal. Keep his head tilted back.Inflation: Breathe into
victim with smooth steady action, until definite expansion of chest is noted,
but do not exert much pressure. If he does not inflate readily, airway is
There will be few situations where one of these methods cannot be used, obstructed.Deflation:Remove mouth and allow victim to exhale. If he fails to
but remember that almost any procedure that involves squeezing the chest do so, apply gentle pressure on chest. Check for obstruction. (Operator
or abdomen will remove some air and is worth trying if nothing better can inhales during this phase.)
be done.
First Aid
Proper first aid can make the difference between life and death. Every diver should have a good knowledge of first aid, and Standard First Aid Training
Course should be kept handy wherever diving is done. This table is only a reminder of some vital points.
1. If nature of injury is not certain, check victim over quickly but carefully.
a. Is he breathing?
b. Is he bleeding?
c. Any broken bones?
d. Any sign of head injury?
2. Start artificial respiration if breathing has stopped.
3. Stop bleeding. (If bleeding is very heavy, do this before anything else.)
a. Try direct pressure w ith snug bandage
b. Use pressure points.
c. Apply tourniquet only as last resort.
4. If victim is a diver, consider possible need for immediate recompression.
5. Combat shock.
a. Know its signs:
(1) Paleness
(2) Skin cold and moist
(3) Weak, rapid pulse
(4) Fainting
b. Remember that shock is a serious danger in almost any injury or severe illness. Take steps to prevent or treat it:
(1) Keep victim flat (head slightly lower than rest of body - except with head injury or if this causes trouble breathing).
(2) Keep warm by covering.
(3) Try to calm him; do what you can do to lessen the pain.
(4) If conscious, able to swallow, not vomiting, and with no abdominal injury, give as much shock solution as victim w ill take. (1 teaspoonful table
salt and 1/2 teaspoonful baking soda per quart of water.)
c. If shock is present, give plasma or plasma-substitute intravenously if possible.
6. Take immediate action in poisoning or chemical burns.
a. In poisoning:
(1) If victim is conscious and poison is not a corrosive one, get him to vomit.
(2) Dilute poison in stomach (but give nothing by mouth if unconscious), and repeat vomiting.
(3) Determine nature of poison, give proper antidote.
b. In chemical burns:
(1) Flush with large quantities of water.
(2) Avoid strong neutralizers.
7. Send for medical help, or get victim to hospital or dispensary, in anything but most minor conditions.
a. If another person is present, send him at once for medical assistance.
b. Do not move victim unless you can do it properly.
8. Handle any injured person with care.
a. If victim must be moved, use stretcher (or improvise one). Transfer him to it with as little movement as possible. Use special precautions with
possible back or neck injuries.
b. Split broken bones temporarily on the spot.
9. Cover wounds and burns.
a. Avoid handling; do not try to clean or disinfect (let the doctor do this).
b. Use sterile dressing (or cleanest cloth available) and apply bandage over it.
10. In head injuries:
a. Keep patient lying down and quiet.
b. Secure medical attention even if injury seems slight.
11. In convulsions:
a. Put something soft between teeth.
b. Try to prevent injury, but do not restrain movements.
12. In collapse in hot surroundings:
a. Check for signs of heatstroke
(1) Skin hot and dry
(2) Pulse rapid but full
(3) High body temperature
b. If signs are present:
(1) Get medical assistance
(2) Take immediate steps to lower body temperature
Medical Service Facilities
Indiana
Kentucky
Lourdes Hospital
1530 Lone Oak Road
Paducah, KY
Phone: (502) 444-2444
Illinois
Louisiana
Hotel Dieu Hospital Jo Ellen Smith Memorial Hospital Acadian Ambulance Service
2021 Perdido 4444 General Meyer Avenue (Med-Evac Helicopter)
New Orleans. LA New Orleans, LA Phone: (800) 252-5522
Phone: (504) 588-3000 Phone: (504) 363-7011
St. Charles General Hospital St. Claude General Hospital Chalmette General
St. Charles Avenue 3419 St. Claude Avenue 801 Virtue
New Orleans, LA New Orleans, LA Chalmette, LA
Phone: (504) 899-7441 Phone: (504) 944-7931 Phone: (504) 277-7711
St. Bernard General Hospital South Jefferson General Hospital Fairview Hospital
2111 Jackson Blvd 229 Bellemeade Blvd 915 Southeast Blvd
Chalmette, LA Gretna, LA Bayou Vista, LA
Phone: (504) 271-8481 Phone: (504) 392-3131 Phone: (504) 395-6701
Louisiana
Rescue Station: (504) 589-6225
24 Hour - For entire Gulf Coast
Station Locations:
For general information on Coast Guard related matters, call Group New Orleans, located at the Air Station in Belle Chasse:
(504) 589-7101
Decompression Chambers
Jo Ellen Smith Memorial Hospital Hyperbaric Unit Oceaneering International
New Orleans, LA Morgan City, LA
Phone: (504) 363-7011 Phone: (504) 395-5247
Martech
Broussard, LA
Phone: (318) 364-3880
Physicians
Joseph R. Serio, M.D. Keith Van Meter, M.D.
Belle Chasse, LA Algiers, LA
Phone: (504) 394-3880 Phone: (504) 363-7655
Bulldog Diving, Inc Dive#:
Rt. 3 Box 480 Date:
Rockport, IN 47635 Job#
(812) 649-5071
Customer:
Vessel:
Location:
Diver certifies being physically and mentally willing and able to perform dive.
Divers Signature:
Diving Information
O2
3rd Stop
Air
4th Stop
O2
Working Information
Work Assigned:
Work Completed:
I hereby certify that the decompression schedule utilized on this dive was known to me prior to the decompression and that the decompression schedule
was adequate and in conformance with current standards. I further certify that I have no symptoms of disbarism or bends and that the decompression
was successful.
Date: Date:
Decompression Sickness & Treatment
Location Intensity:
R L.S.
L
Depth of Relief:
R Time of Relief:
L
Reached treatment depth:
R
L
Divers condition after treatment
R
L
R
L
R
Divers Signature:
L
R Supervisors Signature:
L
R
L
R
L
R
L
R
L
R
L
R
L
Supervisors Report of Accident or Occupational Illness
To be filled out by Supervisor and turned in to the Safety Officer or the personnel Department immediately upon injury or occupational illness of
employee regardless of whether medical treatment is required.
Date of Injury or Illness: Time Employee Began Work: Time of Injury or Illness:
Did Employee stop work immediately: If no, date and hour stopped:
Exact place where accient occurred (permanent platform, dock, boat or barge by name) inland or offshore (area, block number and job number).
Describe in full how accident occurred or illness began. Relate the events which resulted in the injury or occupational disease. Tell what the
injured was doing at the time of the accident. Tell what happened and how it happened. Name any objects or substances involved and tell how
they were involved. Give full details on all factors which led or contributed to the accident or illness.
Witness: Witness:
Recommedations
This program includes guidelines on identification of chemical hazards and the preparation and proper use of container labels, placards and other types of
warning devices.
1. Chemical Inventory
A. The supervisor maintains an inventory of all known chemicals in use on the worksite. A chemical inventory list is available from a Bulldog Diving,
Inc supervisor/jobsite or office/Bulldog Diving, Inc building, Rockport, Indiana.
B. Hazardous chemicals brought onto the worksite by any source will be included on the hazardous chemicals inventory list.
2. Container Labeling
A. All chemicals on site will be stored in their original or approved containers with proper label attached, except small quantities for immediate use.
Any container not properly labeled should be given to the supervisor for labeling or proper disposal.
B. Workers may dispense chemicals from original container only in small quantities intended for immediate use. Any chemical left after work is
completed must be returned to the original container or notify supervisor for proper handling.
C. No unmarked containers of any size are to be left in the work area unattended.
D. Bulldog Diving, Inc will rely on manufacturer applied labels whenever possible, and will ensure that these labels are maintained. Containers that
are not labeled or on which the manufacturers label has been removed will be relabeled.
E. Bulldog Diving, Inc will ensure that each container is labeled with the identity of the hazardous chemical contained and any appropriate hazard
warnings.
3. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
A. Employees working with hazardous chemicals may request a copy of the material safety data sheet (MSDS). Requests for MSDSs should be
made to the supervisor.
B. MSDS s should be available and standard chemical reference may also be available on the site to provide immediate reference to chemical
safety information.
C. An emergency procedure to gain access to MSDSs information will be established.
4. Employee Training
Employees will be trained to work safely with hazardous chemicals. Employees training will include:
A. Methods that may be used to detect a release of a hazardous chemical in the workplace.
B. Physical and health hazards associated with chemicals.
C. Protective measures to be taken.
D. Safe work practices, emergency responses and use of personal protective equipment.
E. Information on the Hazard Communication Standard, including:
(1) Labeling and warning systems
(2) An explanation of Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
5. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Required PPE is available from a Bulldog Diving, Inc supervisor. Any employee found in violation of PPE requirements may be subject to disciplinary
actions up to and including discharge.
6. Emergency Response
A. Any incident of over exposure or spill of a hazardous chemical/substance must be reported to the supervisor immediately.
B. The supervisor will be responsible for insuring that proper emergency response actions are taken in leak/spill situations.
7. Hazards of Non-Routine Tasks
A. Supervisors will inform employees of any special tasks that may arise which would involve possible exposure to hazardous chemicals.
B. Review of safe work procedures and use of required PPE will be conducted prior to the start of such tasks. Where necessary, areas will be
posted to indicate the nature of the hazard involved.
8. Informing Other Employers
A. Other on-site employers are required to adhere to the provisions of the Hazard Communication Standard.
B. Information on hazardous chemicals known to be present will be exchanged with other employers. Employers will be responsible for providing
necessary information to their employees
C. Other on-site employers will be provided with a copy of Bulldog Diving, Inc hazard communication program.
9. Posting
Bulldog Diving, Inc has posted information for employees at this jobsite on the Hazard Communication Standard. This information can be acquired
from a Bulldog Diving, Inc supervisor/jobsite or the office/Bulldog Diving, Inc building, Rockport, Indiana.
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
Using a MSDS
An MSDS provides information the manufacturer of a chemical considers necessary for you the worker to determine what chemicals are in a product and
what steps to take to protect yourself when using the product.
Although MSDSs from different sources may not look the same, they all contain similar types of information. MSDSs may look difficult, and yes there is a
large amount of technical language and data, but the information you need to identify, understand and work safely with a chemical product is fairly easy to
find.
MSDSs are divided into sections, usually beginning with the chemical and the common name of the product. Besides knowing what the product is called, it
is important to know who the manufacturer is and how to contact them. The manufacturer can answer questions about the product and help if an
emergency arises. You will usually find a phone number for the manufacturer in this section.
An important section to look for is usually called the Health Hazards, which tells you how dangerous the product can be, the type of danger that it
represents and what happens if you are overexposed to this product.
Equally important is the section that deals with First Aid. This section will give you some basic steps to take if you or another person are affected by the
chemicals in this product.
Another section deals with Protective Equipment. Here specific recommendations for safety equipment and procedures are listed. This section tells you
how to protect yourself from exposure when working with or near this product.
By taking the time to read the MSDS, you will find important basic information about the chemical(s) you work with, including:
Product name
What it contains
What happens if the chemical affects you
What First Aid steps to take if exposure occurs
How to protect yourself and work safely with the chemical
Other sections of MSDSs will tell you what the chemical looks, smells and feels like; how to safely handle and store the chemical; what happens to the
chemical in the event of a fire; and what, if any, exposure limits have been set or recommended for the chemical. Under the provisions of the Hazard
Communication Standard, you have the opportunity to review your companys inventory list and copies of MSDSs for chemicals you are working with.
Breathing (Inhalation)
Chemicals enter through your lungs as you breathe the air around you. Some chemicals can irritate your lungs, nose and throat, like ammonia. Others can
be absorbed into your blood, traveling to and affecting the organs in your body. Prolonged exposure to hazardous substances like asbestos and other solid
fibers can become trapped in your lungs, causing irritation, scarring and damage.
Regardless of the type of chemical you work with, your first line of defense against breathing in hazardous chemicals is to use an approved respirator.
Skin (Absorption)
Although the skin is a very effective barrier to most chemicals, it can be penetrated. Damage to the skin from cuts, scrapes, cracking, dryness or other
conditions, can allow a chemical to enter into the body. Some chemicals can damage the skin on contact, others pass through into the bloodstream. A
group of chemical solvents such as toluene, gasoline and mineral spirits are absorbed easily through the skin. Some pesticides like parathion can easily
pass through the skin, building up poisonous levels in the body.
There are (2) easy steps which will prevent absorption, wearing gloves that are chemical resistant and washing off any chemical that contacts the skin as
soon as possible. When your are washing, make sure you use a product designed for washing skin, and not products like paint thinner, turpentine and
benzene.
Swallowing (Ingestion)
A chemical can enter into your body if you accidentally swallow it or if your food or drink become contaminated. Simply by not washing your hands before
you eat after working with chemicals, eating, smoking or drinking in an area where chemicals are in use, could lead to trouble.
Injection
Like the shot you get from your doctor when you are ill, chemicals can accidentally be injected into your body. If you work around high pressure equipment
of any kind, like compressed air, grease guns, or hydraulic lines, the potential exists for this kind of accident. Be extra cautious around any kind of
pressurized spray
Solvents
A solvent in simple terms is a liquid that dissolves another substance. In construction, we most often see them as cleaners, degreasers, thinners, fuels and
glues.
Solvents are lumped into (3) main types or classes, those containing water (aqueous solvents), like liquids forms of acids, alkalis and detergents, and those
containing carbon (organic solvents), like acetone, toluene and gasoline. The third group contains chlorine (chlorinated solvents), like
methylene-chloride and trichloroethylene.
Solvents can enter into your body in (2) ways, by breathing or by skin contact.
Any solvent you breathe (inhalation) can cause dizziness or headache as it affects your central nervous system. If you continue to breathe the vapors of a
solvent, you could develop nose, throat, eye and/or lung irritation and even damage the liver, blood, kidneys and/or digestive system.
Solvents can be absorbed into the body by skin contact. Because solvents dissolve oils and greases, contact with skin can dry it out, producing irritation,
cracking and rashes. Once a solvent penetrates the skin it enters the bloodstream and can attack the central nervous system and body organs.
Like all chemicals, the effect on you will depend on a number of factors; how toxic it is, exposure time, your bodys sensitivity and how concentrated the
solvent is.
You can protect yourself from solvent hazards by following these simple rules:
Acids/Bases/Alkali
Acids and bases (caustics) can easily damage skin and eyes. How serious the damage depends on how strong the chemical is, length of contact and the
actions taken.
Acids and bases can be liquids, solid granules, powders, vapors or gases. A few commonly used acids include: sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, muriatic
acid and nitric acid. Some common bases (caustics) are lye (sodium hydroxide) and potash (potassium hydroxide).
Both acids and bases can be corrosive, causing damage to whatever they come in contact with. The more concentrated the chemical the more dangerous
it can be. Vinegar is a mild form of acetic acid; and as such it can be swallowed or rubbed into the skin with no damage, but a concentrated solution or
acetic acid can cause serious burns.
Each acid reacts differently upon skin contact. Sulfuric acid mixes with water to produce heat. When skin contact is made it reacts with the moisture
causing burns. Hydrofluoric acid may not even be noticed if it is gotten on your skin, but hours later as it is absorbed into the muscle tissue, it causes deep
burns that are very painful. Most acids in a gas or vapor form heat with the moisture in your nose and throat causing irritation and/or damage. Acetic and
nitric acids do not heat with water, the quickly penetrate the lungs causing serious damage.
Bases as a class of chemicals feel slippery or soapy. Concentrated bases dissolve tissue easily, therefore, causing severe skin damage on contact.
Concentrated caustic gases like ammonia vapors can damage the skin, eyes, nose, mouth and lungs. Even dry powder forms of bases can damage when
you breathe them because the react the moisture in your skin, eyes and respiratory tract.
Cement and mortar are alkali compounds in their wet or dry form. As dust and powder, they cause damage to the skin and eyes by reacting with the
moisture. They can also cause an allergic reaction in people who have become sensitive to them. These compounds are abrasive and can damage the
skin by the sandpaper-like quality they possess.
Always follow these rules when working with acids and bases:
1. Know what chemicals you are working with and how strong they are.
2. Use Personal Protective Equipment as required.
3. In case of skin or eye contact, flush with cool water for at least (15) minutes, but do not rub.
4. Always add acid to water to prevent splatter.
5. Keep acids and bases apart, store separately and clean up spill immediately.
6. Check with your supervisor if you need more information.
Metals
We dont usually think of chemicals when we talk about metals, but the fact is that every time we weld, braze, torch, cut, solder, grind, polish, coat, finish or
drill metals we may be producing dust, fumes and vapors containing that metal.
The metal in dust, fumes and vapors can easily be deposited in the lungs and then into the bloodstream. Although breathing in the dust or fumes of the
metal is the most common way for the metal to get into your body, you could swallow metal particles if you smoke, drink, chew gum or eat in the area where
these compounds are present. Some metals like mercury and certain compounds of lead can be absorbed by the skin.
Cadium
Cadium and its compounds can be toxic. A condition called metal fume fever, with flu-like symptoms can occur when small doses are inhaled. In larger
doses Cadium inhalation can be fatal. Small repetitive doses can cause kidney damage or lead to emphysema. Welding Cadium coated metals is the most
common cause of exposure. Adequate ventilation and an approved respirator will protect you.
Nickel
Exposure to metal dust or fumes containing nickel and nickel compounds can inflame and irritate the skin causing an itching rash. Inhalation of nickel
compounds has been linked to cancer of the lungs and nasal sinuses.
L ead
Lead exists normally in the body, but can easily build to a level that is toxic. Early signs of lead poisoning, fatigue, irritability, headache, cramps, stomach
pain, loss of appetite, are likely to be ignored. Continual buildup can damage the nervous system, brain, kidneys and reproductive system. Soldering pipes,
casting lead seals and repairing piping are common lead procedures; but lead is also found in gasoline, canned food and most city water supplies.
Fumes, powders and compounds of these metals are sometimes encountered in welding, brazing, cutting and spray metallizing work. Inhalation of these
metals can cause metal fume fever, a flu-like condition with coughing, shortness of breath, fatigue, fever, chills, profuse sweating and chest pains.
Following a few simple procedures will protect you from metal exposure:
I understand the safe work procedures and precautions to be taken when working with these products, including the use of
protective equipment and/or apparel.
I know where the emergency phone number and Hazard Communication Information is posted.
I am aware that I may review copies of the hazardous chemical list, the companys written program and MSDSs.
Employee Signature:
Date:
Inswool x
Kerosene x x x
Lead Dust x x
Lime x x
LP Gas x x
Lubricants x
Lye x x
Magnesium x x x
Mastics/Adhesive x x x
Methanol x x
Methyl Ethyl x x x
Ketone
Mineral Spirits x
Muriatic Acid x
Nickel x x
Nitrogen x x
Paint x x x
Paint Stripper x x x
Pesticides x x
Pipe Joint x x x
Compound
Portland Cement x
Propane x x
Sand/Silica x x
Sealants x x x
Sulfuric Acid x
Hazard Categories for Common Products
Substance Flammable/ Compressed Synthetic Irritant/ Corrosive
Name Combustible Gas Poison Dust
Talc x
Acetylene x x
Acetone x x x
Alcohol Solvents x x
Asbestos x
Babbitt Metal x
Benzene x
Cadium Fumes x
Carbon Dioxide x x x
Carbon Monoxide x x x
Chromium x x x
Cleaners x x
Coal Tar x
Compressed Air x x
Copper Fumes x
Diesel Fuel x x x
Epoxy Resin x x x x
Fiberglass x x
Firebrick x
Formaldehyde x x
Form Oil x
Freon x x x
(refrigerant)
Gasoline x x x
Glass Fibers x
Glues x x
Hazard Categories for Common Products
Substance Flammable/ Compressed Synthetic Irritant/ Corrosive
Name Combustible Gas Poison Dust
Heptane x x
Hexane x x
Turpentine x x
Varnish x x
Vinyl Chloride x
Waterproofing x x
Water Treatments x
Welding Rods x
Wood Dust x
Wood x
Preservatives
Zinc x
Bloodborne Pathogens Procedures
There are blood-borne diseases, including but not limited to, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV ), that can be transmitted
through direct contact between the blood of an infected person and the open sores or cuts on your skin or in your mouth. Theses diseases can also be
transmitted through contact with other body fluids such as vomit, feces, urine, saliva, etc.
Although your contact with these body fluids will likely be limited to general First Aid procedures on people you know personally,family members, friends
or co-workers, it is a good idea to make the following procedures common practice. There are some diseases that can go unnoticed, even to the carrier.
To reduce the risk of being infected, when you are in contact with blood, vomit, feces, urine, saliva or any other body fluids, Bulldog Diving, Inc. requires
you to use these procedures when at all possible:
Use latex examination gloves when performing any types of First Aid treatment where blood or other body fluids are involved. When latex gloves are
not available, use something that form a barrier such as, several dressings or a piece of plastic wrap.
If you do come in contact with any body fluids, wash the area as soon as possible.
Section II
Personnel
Policies
&
Requirements
Equal Employment Opportunity
Bulldog Diving, Inc maintains a policy of non-discrimination in all phases of employment and complies in full with all applicable laws. Bulldog Diving, Inc will
continuously monitor its performance in these basic areas and take action where necessary to comply with applicable requirements:
Recruit, advertise, hire, promote, pay, offer benefits, train, refer and discharge without regard to race, color, national origin, sex, age, physical
handicap or any other legally protected classification.
Base all decisions relating to every level of employment solely on the individuals qualifications for the position to be filled.
Administer all personnel actions without regard to race, religion, color, national origin, sex, age, physical handicap or any other legally protected
classification.
If you believe you have been discriminated against under any of the above regulations, you should immediately contact your supervisor or the Equal
Opportunity Commission.
Medical Requirements
1. General
A. For persons engaged as divers, or otherwise subjected to hyperbaric conditions, the following medical examinations or equivalent is required:
(1) An initial medical examination, except as provided in Paragraph 2-B.
(2) Annual re-examination.
(3) A re-examination after a diving-related injury or illness as needed to determine his/her fitness to return to diving duty.
2. Physical Examination
A. For persons engaged as divers, or otherwise subjected to hyperbaric conditions, the initial examination and annual re-examination must include
the following:
(1) Work history
(2) The tests required in Table 1 as appropriate
(3) Any tests deemed necessary to establish the presence of any disqualifying conditions listed in Paragraph 5 of this section
(4) Any additional test the physician deems necessary to prepare the written report required by Paragraph 4 of this section
B. If within (1) year, the person has had a comprehensive medical examination comparable to the initial examination specified by this section,
and if results of this examination did not indicate the presence of significant abnormalities affecting the organs, systems or general health of the
person, said examination will be deemed to have satisfied the requirements for the initial examination.
3. Re-examination after injury or illness
A. Any persons engaged as a diver, or otherwise exposed to hyperbaric conditions, must have a medical examination following a known diving -
related injury or illness which requires hospitalization of (72) hours (unless state or local law dictate otherwise) or known decompression sickness
with audio-vestibular or central nervous system dysfunction.
B. The person will not be permitted to return to work as a diver, or otherwise be subjected to hyperbaric conditions until he/she is released by a
physician.
Medical Requirements
4. Physicians written report
A. A written report outlining a persons medical condition and fitness to engage in diving or other hyperbaric activities should be provided by the
examining physician any time a physical examination is required herein. The written report should be accompanied with a completed copy of
the standard physical history/examination form or its equivalent.
5. Disqualifying conditions
A. A person having any of the following conditions as determined by a physicians examination, will be disqualified from engaging in diving or other
hyperbaric activities:
(1) History of seizure disorder other than early childhood febrile convulsions.
(2) Cystic or cavitary disease of the lungs, significant obstructive or restrictive lung disease, or recurrent pneumothorax.
(3) Chronic inability to equalize sinus and middle ear pressure.
(4) Significant central or peripheral nervous system disease.
(5) Significant cardiac abnormalities.
(6) Chronic alcoholism, drug abuse or history of psychosis.
(7) Significant hemoglobinpathies.
(8) Significant malignancies.
(9) Grossly impaired hearing.
(10)Significant ostenecrosis.
(11)Pregnancy.
6. Withdrawal from hyperbaric conditions
A. The basis of the physicians examination will determine whether a persons health will be materially impaired by continued exposure to
hyperbaric conditions. The physician should indicate any limitations or restrictions which would apply to the persons work activities in his/her
written report.
7. Medical recordkeeping
A. An accurate medical record for each person subject to the medical specifications of this section will be established and maintained. The record
will include those physical examinations herein including physical history/examination forms and the physicians written reports .
B. The medical record will be maintained for a minimum of (5) years from the date of the last hyperbaric exposure unless otherwise prescribed by
law.
Table 1
Medical Tests for Diving
Test Initial Periodic Comments
Bone & Joint X-Ray Survey X Required initially and as medically indicated.
EKG: Standard (12 L) X Required initially to establish baseline, annually after age 35, and as
medically indicated.
EKG: Stress Required only as medically indicated.
Pulmonary Function X X Do
Hematocrit, Hemoglobin, X X
White blood Count
Routine Urinalysis X X
Ethics & Personal Conduct
Policy
Bulldog Diving, Inc expects all employees to avoid activities that create conflicts of interest with their responsibilities to this company. Each employee has
an obligation to refrain from activities which conflict or interfere with company operations or with others with whom the company does business.
Company Property
No employee will remove company property without written permission from the supervisor responsible for the property in question.
This includes, but is not limited to:
1. Materials, equipment and tools.
2. Property owned by the company or other employees.
3. Confidential literature including technical, sales and quality control documents.
4. Computer disks, tapes and other storage media.
5. Information identified as proprietary or trade secret.
Removing or attempting to remain company property without written permission can be grounds for disciplinary action.
Personal Conduct
1. Employees must take no action or work in any manner that may cause injury to themselves or their fellow employees.
2. Employees must not do anything to interfere with other employees abilities to get their own work out.
3. Employees must treat other employees with courtesy and respect. They should behave toward others as they would prefer others behave toward
them.
4. Fighting is absolutely prohibited, as is roughhousing and horseplay, and is subject to disciplinary action.
5. Abusive language and threatening gestures toward other employees will not be tolerated.
6. Gambling of any kind or bookmaking on company premises is prohibited.
7. Posting or showing obscene drawings or photographs, or using sexually-oriented language is considered sexual harassment and will be dealt with
under the companies sexual harassment policy.
Discipline Policy
When any employee violates a company rule, the supervisor will follow this process:
First Violation
Counsel the employee and issue a verbal warning. Make every effort to determine and resolve the cause of the problem. At the s ame time, state
specifically that the employee is receiving a formal warning. Place a memo in the employees file describing the incident and your actions.
Second Violation
Hold a meeting with the employee at which you explain the nature of the offense and warn the employee that any repetition could lead to suspension or
discharge. Offer to help the employee solve the problem. Issue a written warning of the offense, including a reference to the prior incident. Give one copy
to the employee; place another in the employees file.
Third Violation
Place the employee on suspension without pay for (3) days. Notify the employee that after the suspension he/she will be on probation for (90) days.
During that time the employee will receive extra attention and scrutiny whose main purpose will be to try to solve the employees problems. Warn the
employee, though, that even a single further offense is grounds for immediate discharge.
Fourth Violation
Discharge the employee, observing the procedures in this manual for processing an involuntary termination.
An employee can be discharged at any time, without regard to preceding steps if he/she commits an offense for which discharge is specified as a penalty,
or if , in the supervisors judgment, the employees continued presence would be contrary to the well-being of the company or any of its employees.
Every discharge must be approved by the company president. If that approval is not granted immediately, the supervisor should suspend the employee
pending a decision by the company president.
Disciplinary Offense Descriptions
Level 1
Corrective action is normally the proper response to offenses like these when they are isolated and not part of a continuing pattern:
Counsel the employee on the first offense, prepare a formal written warning on the second, suspend the employee or impose probation on the third
offense and discharge on the fourth offense.
Level 2
These offenses are more serious and must be dealt with more firmly and immediately. Typical offenses in this group include:
A written warning is the normal response to the first offense. In the case of drug or alcohol abuse this should include a referral to an appropriate
treatment agency. Termination is authorized for a second offense.
Level 3
Immediate termination is justified for these offenses:
Termination
Policy
It is the policy of Bulldog Diving, Inc to retain to the extent consistent with company requirements, the services of all employees who perform their duties
efficiently and effectively. However, it may become necessary under certain conditions to terminate employment for the good of the employee and/or
company. The types of terminations that exist are layoff, discharge due to performance, disciplinary discharge, retirement and resignation.
General
The definition of the types of termination are as follows:
Layoff - termination of employment on the initiative of the company under circumstances, normally lack of work, such that the employee is subject
to recall. He/she may be reinstated without loss of seniority if recalled within (1) year of the date of layoff.
Discharge due to performance - termination of employment on the initiative of the company under circumstances generally related to the quality of
the employees performance, whereby the employee is considered unable to meet the requirements of the job. In this case, the employee is not
subject to recall or reinstatement.
Disciplinary discharge - termination of employment on the initiative of the company for reasons of misconduct or willful negligence in the
performance of job duties such that the employee will not be considered for re-employment.
Retirement - termination of active work by the employee at the age or under the conditions set forth in the companys retirement plan, under which
the employee receives retirement pay and may enjoy other benefits.
Resignation - termination on the initiative of the employee. Employees are expected to give no less than (2) weeks notice of resignation. An
employee who resigns will retain no reinstatement or re-employment rights.
Requested Resignation - termination of employment, for cause, on the initiative of the company. Mutual Agreement must be further identified as
either discharge due to performance or discipline purposes of severance pay eligibility. For pay purposes, terminations are effective on the last
day worked, unless otherwise specified by the president.
1. Has the employee been made aware of the problem in specific terms?
2. Have the suggestions as to how these problems can be eliminated been put in writing?
3. Has assistance been offered to the employee to help remedy the situation?
4. Has the employee been given a sufficient amount of time and help to remedy the situation? If a situation relates to poor job performance has just
come to a supervisors attention, joint evaluation between the employee and the supervisor is recommended. The supervisor should try to
determine the cause of the problem. Is it lack of experience in the job, education, motivation, the employees personal problems or personal
conflict?
Termination
Once the cause is identified, the employee should be given time, if possible, to remedy the situation. The supervisor should also consider ways to remedy
the situation and to improve the individuals performance.
The abuse of drugs and alcohol is a serious threat to both the company and its employees. Management and employees are equally responsible for
maintaining a safe and healthy working environment. For that reason, the company has adopted these rules:
1. The possession, use or sale of alcohol, unauthorized or illegal drugs or the misuse of any legal drugs on company premises or while on company
business is prohibited and will constitute grounds for termination.
2. Any employee under the influence of drugs or alcohol which impairs judgment, performance or behavior while on company premises or company
business will be subject to discipline, including termination.
3. The company has a number of jobs that present special safety considerations to employees. These include all activities on and under water. The
company will require that all employees on jobs which involve special safety considerations be tested periodically for the use of drugs. An
employee with positive test results may be disqualified to work in such a job.
4. Each employee is responsible for promptly reporting to company health personnel, any use of prescribed drugs which may affect the employees
judgment, performance or behavior.
The company will establish such procedures as it finds necessary to effectively enforce this policy. That may include a requirement that employees
cooperate in personal or facility searches when there is reason to believe drugs or alcohol are present, when their performance is impaired or when their
behavior is erratic. Refusing to cooperate with these procedures may be cause for disciplinary action, including termination.
The company strongly urges employees to use the community health and counseling facilities for help with alcohol and drug problems. It is each
employees responsibility to seek assistance before the problem affects judgment, performance or behavior.
Sexual Harassment
Policy
Sexual harassment of any kind will not be tolerated in this company. Sexual harassment is defined as a continuing pattern of unwelcome sexual advances
or requests for sexual favors or physical contact of a sexual nature under any of these conditions:
1. When submission to the conduct involves a condition of the individuals employment, either stated or suggested.
2. The individuals submission or refusal is used, or might be used, as the basis of the employment decision which affects the individual.
3. The conduct unreasonably interferes with the individuals job performance or creates a work environment that is intimidating, hostile or offensive.
Procedure
Employees are encouraged to take complaints of sexual harassment to their supervisor or, if that supervisor is involved in the accusation, directly to the
President.
All complaints will be investigated fully and fairly, and regardless of the manner in which they are made or the individuals inv olved.
Time Cards
Time cards will be furnished to each employee each pay period. Employees must record the times at which they begin and end work and take lunch and/or
breaks.
No employee may record the time of any other employee or request that another employee record his/her time. Violators will be subject to disciplinary
action.
Paychecks will be calculated according to the hours you record on your time cards. Any hours not recorded will be calculated on the next pay period.
Payroll
Payroll is done on the 1st and 16th of each month. If these dates fall on a non-work day, payroll will be done the following working day. Payroll will be
calculated by each employees timecard. All time must be recorded on your card in order to be paid for it. Exceptions will be made only for those
employees who worked away from the main office.
Paychecks will be placed in your timecard slot no later then 4:00 PM. No employee is to tamper with any other employees check.
Telephone Use
1. The company maintains its telephone facilities for business purposes. It is recognized that some personal telephone calls are necessary.
Employees are allowed to make reasonable numbers of personal phone calls. They should keep these as brief as possible to avoid interfering with
their normal work or with business use of the telephones.
2. No personal toll calls should be made from company telephones. Charge the call to your home telephone.
3. If a supervisor believes an employee is abusing this privilege, the matter should be processed under the disciplinary system with an informal
warning as the first step.
4. These rules may be waived in the case of an emergency.
Housekeeping
Inthe interest of safety, personal well-being and a pleasant working atmosphere, the company expects that all employees will keep their work areas clean
and neat at all times. Supervisors may assign such clean-up as is necessary to meet the intent of this policy.
Neat working areas also help prevent waste. All employees are expected to take every reasonable step to avoid waste. Everything we use in this business
costs money. The more we save in operating costs, the more resources the company has to improve its competitive position and to offer more and
better-paying jobs.
Smoking
Smoking is allowed only in places where it is specifically permitted. There will be no smoking in any other areas. No smoking will be allowed in any area
where that practice would create a recognized hazard under the Occupational Safety and Health Act or where, in the supervisors judgment, smoking would
be unsafe.
AIDS
Policy
It is this companys policy to hire, or to continue to employ, individuals who have AIDS or are suspected of having AIDS as long as they are able to meet the
normal standards of performance for their jobs. The companys intent will be to provide maximum employment opportunities to AIDS victims while
preserving the safety and morale of all other employees.
An AIDS victim will also be treated as a handicapped employee. If, except for the handicap, the employee is otherwise qualified to perform the job, the
company will make every reasonable accommodation to the handicap.
No AIDS victim who remains qualified to do his/her job will be denied continued employment. If the employee is no longer able to perform, the company will
make every reasonable effort to transfer the employee to a position that is within the employees ability. The employee will be terminated only if no such
position is available, but will remain eligible for all leave and health benefits as described above.
No job action will be taken solely because the employee has been diagnosed as having AIDS or a related ailment, or because the employee is considered
to be at high risk of contracting AIDS.
However, if a supervisor should reasonably believe that the continued employment of an AIDS victim entails an unusual risk to other employees, the
employee must be transferred, if possible, or terminated if necessary. Such a decision must be approved by the President and only when a substantial and
unusual risk is demonstrated.
Hiring Practices
No otherwise qualified job applicant shall be denied employment because he/she is believed to suffer from AIDS or a related ailment, or because he/she is
believed to be a high risk for contracting AIDS.
Pre-employment screening will not include any medical tests designed to indicate exposure to AIDS or any questions about the applicants private lifestyle.
All job applicants will be evaluated solely on their qualifications for available openings.
Umbilical Color Code Guidance First Aid Kit Checklist
100 Band-aid Strips - Assorted
Footage Color 1 Roll Adhesive Tape
1 Package Absorbent Cotton
10 1 White 1 Gauze Bandage, 1 x 10 yds.
20 2 White 1 Gauze Bandage, 2 x 10 yds.
30 3 White 1 Elastic Bandage, 3 x 5 yds.
40 4 White 10 Non-Adherent Pads, 2 x 3
50 1 Yellow 4 Oval Eye Patches
60 1 Yellow/1 White 1 Trauma Dressing, 8 x 10
70 1 Yellow/2 White 1 Gel Pack, Burn Dressing Kit
80 1 Yellow/3 White 1 Rescue Airway
90 1 Yellow/4 White 2 One Way CPR Shields
100 1 Red 1 First Aid Cream
150 1 Red/1 Yellow 1 1 1/2 oz. Tube, Triple Antibiotic
200 2 Red 1 Bag type manual resuscitator w/transparent mask & tubing
250 2 Red/1 Yellow 1 Triangular Bandage
300 3 Red 2 Ammonia Inhalants
350 3 Red/1 Yellow 1 Bottle Eye Wash
400 4 Red 20 Aspirin Tablets
450 4 Red/1 Yellow 4 Antiseptic Wipes
500 5 Red 1 Scissors
550 5 Red/1 Yellow 6 Pair Latex Examination Gloves
600 6 Red 1 Cold Pack
1 Tourniquet
1 Tweezers
1 First Aid Booklet
1 Contents Card (inventory)
1 Waterproof Case
4 BioHazard bags