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Bulldog Diving, Inc

Diving Safe Practices Manual


&
Employee Handbook
Table of Contents
Section I - General Safety Section I
General Rules 1 Decompression Chambers 40

Tag Out/Red Tag 2 Physicians 40


Tag Out/Red Tag 2 Diving & Work Information Form 41

Vehicle Safety 2 Decompression Sickness & Treatment Form 42


Barricades & Guards 2 Supervisors Report of Accident or Occupational Illness 43

Fire Safety 2 Hazard Communication Program 44

Safe Work Permits 3 Material Safety Data Sheets 45


Personal Protection 3 How Chemicals Enter Your Body 45

Industrial Pump Safety 4 Solvents 46

Procedures During Time 5 Acids/Bases/Alkali 46


Post-Dive Procedures 6 Metals 47

Safety Procedures Checklist 7 Training Session on Hazard Communication Form 47


Specific Operations Procedures 8 Chemical Inventory List 48

Confined Space Entry Program 9 Hazard Catagories for Common Products 49

Equipment Procedures & Requirements 16 Bloodborne Pathogens 52


Guidelines for On-Site Accident Investigation 17

Organization of the Accident Investigation 17


Accident Recording 18

Air Decompression & Treatment Tables 20 Section II


US Navy Surface Interval Credit Table 21 Equal Employment Opportunity 55

US Navy Repetitive Diving Time Table 22 Diving Personnel Requirements 55

US Navy No Decompression Limits 23 Medical Requirements 55

US Navy Standard Air Decompression Table 24 Medical Tests Table 56

US Navy Surface Decompression Table - Air 26 Ethics & Personal Conduct 57

Surface Decompression Table Using Oxygen 28 Discipline Policy 57

Treatment of an Unconscious Diver 30 Disciplinary Offense Descriptions 58

General Principals of Diving 30 Termination 58

Notes on Recompression 31 Drug & Alcohol Abuse 59

Diagnosis of Decompression Sickness & Gas 33 Sexual Harassment 59

Treatments 34 Time Cards 59

Notes on Artificial Respiration 37 Payroll 60

Alternative Methods of Artificial Respiration 37 Telephone Use 60

First Aid 38 Housekeeping 60

Medical Service Facilities 39 Smoking 60

Coast Guard 40 AIDS 61


Introduction
Commercial diving is a uniquely hazardous occupation. Both the underwater environment and the often complex procedures necessary to carry out work
assignments can present serious hazards to the divers safety and health.

One element in the divers underwater workplace that poses a constant threat to the health and safety is pressure. The water exerts a pressure on the
divers body which increases with the depth of the dive at a rate of approximately 14.7 pounds per square inch for every 33 feet of depth. The increased
pressure during descent causes the inert portion of the breathing gas to be absorbed into the body tissue at a higher rate than occurs on the surface.
However, as the pressure diminishes during ascent, the divers body releases the absorbed breathing gas and serious, sometimes fatal, consequences can
result if proper decompression procedures are not followed. The above-normal (hyperbaric) pressure requires that the diver be supplied with
breathing gas at a pressure equal to the ambient pressure of the environment.

Because of the hyperbaric conditions, divers must rely completely on life-supporting systems and on the competence and reliability of the persons who
help to operate, monitor, maintain, and repair them. Strong water currents, low water temperatures, and rough waters add to the divers problems. The
difficulty in moving and orienting oneself underwater, the constraints on communication, and the isolation that are often experienced by the diver can create
psychological as well as physiological stress.

On many occasions, these special dangers to safety and health combine with other work hazards. Divers may perform a variety of operations, from
relatively low -stress tasks such as inspection, photography, and sampling to such high-stress operations as construction, repair, salvage, and pipelaying. In
the performance of their jobs, divers may need to move heavy objects, use welding equipment, work in physically confining spaces, or perform other
inherently hazardous tasks. The threat of entanglement, trench collapse, pinch nip, and squeeze points, explosion, and falling objects is greatly amplified
when working underwater.

Therefore, it is apparent that the special nature of commercial diving puts severe restrictions on activity and work performance and at the same time
expose the diver to serious safety and health hazards. To address these conditions, this manual spells out the basic requirements and procedures for the
protection of all Bulldog Diving, Inc employees. Please take the time to thoroughly read it and have a copy with you on all projects that occur off of Bulldog
Diving property.
General Safety Rules
These rules apply to employees of all departments. In addition, department heads and supervisors may establish specific requirements for individual
departments.

1. Never operate any machine or equipment unless specifically authorized to do so by the supervisor responsible for that equipment.
2. Do not use defective equipment or tools. Report defects immediately to your supervisor.
3. Obtain full instructions for operating any machine with which you are not familiar.
4. Never begin any hazardous job unless you are completely familiar with the proper techniques and precautions which apply to it. Check with your
supervisor when in doubt.
5. Make sure all guards and other safety attachments are properly installed and adjusted before operating any piece of equipment or beginning any
hazardous job.
6. Do not operate any piece of equipment at unsafe speeds or in excess of its rated capacity.
7. Wear all protective clothing and equipment required for the job. Avoid clothing or other items that would offer poor protection or that might be
caught in machinery.
8. Never attempt to repair, adjust or lubricate a machine unless you have been authorized to do so. Never attempt to repair, adjust or lubricate a
machine while it is in operation. Never attempt to repair or adjust electrical equipment unless the power switch has been properly turned off.
9. Put all tools and equipment away when not in use.
10. Do not try to lift any item which is too heavy or bulky to be handled by one person. Ask for help.
11. Keep all aisles, stairways and exits clear of stored items.
12. Do not place equipment or materials so as to block emergency exit routes, fire extinguishers, sprinkler controls, machine controls or electrical
control panels.
13. Stack all working materials neatly, and make sure the piles are stable.
14. Keep your work area and all company facilities which you use clean and neat.
15. Do not run, participate in horseplay, or distract fellow workers.
16. Never take chances. If you are not sure, ask.

Tag Out/Red Tag


Placement
1. The person attaching the tag shall fully complete in specific terms the reasons for tagging, the description of the work to be done and the precise
location of the tag.
2. The owner will be responsible for placing all the isolating devices in the safe position and attaching the first red danger tag.
3. After the owner has attached the first red danger tag, any person or group whose safety could be endangered by the operation of the isolating
device must attach their tags or follow red danger tag master system.
4. A designated person will verify by operating the appropriate operating device to insure that the equipment locked out is inoperable.

Removal
1. As the individual jobs are completed, each person or group must remove their tags immediately.
2. Owner operating personnel red danger tags shall be removed last.
3. Red danger tags may be removed only upon authorization of the person designated on the tag, except if the designated person f ails to remove the
red danger tag, and after a diligent effort to locate this person has been made, personnel who have been designated by the plant may order
removal only after inspecting the jobsite.

Vehicle Safety
Drivers/operators of vehicles/equipment shall strictly observe all jobsite speed limits and all posted traffic signs. Employees operating vehicles/equipment
are solely responsible for the safe operation of said vehicle/equipment including personnel and/or loads transported. All vehicle operators shall have a
current drivers license.

Barricades & Guards


Barricades will be erected to prevent or limit access to an area where a temporary hazard exists or to warn personnel of a temporary hazard in the area.
Guards will be designed to physically prevent a person from falling through or stepping into temporary openings in platforms, landings, floors, walls, etc.

Fire Safety
1. There must be a fire extinguisher, water hose or other fire control equipment easily accessible for each welding, cutting, burning or other such
operation.
2. When welding or cutting torches are left unattended, shut the oxygen and fuel supply at the cylinders and bleed the pressure off the hoses.
3. All containers (5) gallons or less used for transporting gasoline or fuel must be labeled by Underwriters Laboratories or Factory Mutual
Laboratories.
4. Smoking, welding or any spark or flame producing operation in the immediate area must be stopped during refueling operations.
5. Gas and oxygen cylinders must be handled with care, properly supported in upright position away from any sources of heat or flame, and securely
tied off.

Safe Work Permits & Area Permits


Work cannot begin until the appropriate work permit has been issued to begin operations.
Personal Protection
Foot Protection
1. Shoes or boots are to be constructed of leather. A steel toe is not required but is highly recommended. Tennis shoes, athletic shoes (including
leather), canvas shoes, sandals or open-toe shoes are not allowed.

Hard Hats
1. This job requires that approved hard hats be worn in the construction sites at all times and anytime persons are performing outdoor construction
activity on company premises and/or jobsite locality.
2. Ball caps under hard hats will only be worn by persons performing welding operations.
3. Hard hats shall not be worn backwards except by iron workers when connecting live steel.

Hand Protection
1. All field employees should obtain work gloves suitable for the work they will perform. Gloves should be worn when necessary.

Eye Protection
1. Proper eye protection is mandatory in shop or on jobsite. Safety and/or prescription eye glasses must conform to ANSI standard Z-87.1.
2. Eye protection with side shields is required when working in fabrication shops and in any confined space.
3. Safety glasses with side shields are recommended for all employees.
4. Contact lenses will not be worn in construction areas.
5. Face shields with safety glasses or monogoggles will be used by employees performing duties where safety glasses do not provide adequate
protection. The following are some of the duties, but are not limited to:
A. Grinding
B. Chipping
C. Using air and/or high pressure water for cleaning
D. Using irritant chemicals
E. During cad-weld operations
F. Using any electric saws
G. Using powder actuated tools (w/monogoggles only)
6. Approved welding goggles with at least a No. 5 filter lens shall be worn for the following tasks:
A. Gas-fired cutting torches, including beveling machines and track torches.
B. Operation torches with brazing, welding or rosebud tips.
7. Approved welding helmet with at least a No. 10 filter shall be used for normal arc welding. Arc gouge or heli-arc operations require at least a No. 11
filter for proper protection.

Hearing Protection
1. Employees must wear ear plugs when operating tools which create high noise levels and/or working in areas designated as high noise level areas.
2. When working in the structural an pipe fabrication areas, persons performing grinding or standing within (6) ft of the operation shall wear ear
protection.

Clothing
1. Shirts may be short sleeved with a minimum of (3) inch sleeves. They must have a collar and be buttoned.
2. Loose fitting clothing must be avoided.
3. Trousers with large bell bottoms are not allowed.
4. Clothing must be in good condition.
5. Employees working with or in areas where sparks may be, such as welding, grinding, and/or burning should avoid wearing synthetic fabrics that
support combustion.

Hair
1. Employees within the construction area with hair longer than collar length shall be kept under the hard hat at al times.

Beards
1. No beards allowed.
2. Excessive facial hair is not allowed because it will interfere with a respirator sealing surface.

Respiratory Protection
1. Employees exposed to airborne particles, toxic fumes, gases, vapors or potential oxygen deficient atmospheres shall wear a respirator applicable
for the particular hazard encountered or expected.
2. Employees shall be trained (by qualified person) in the use, care and limitations of the particular type(s) of respirator they are required to use.
Personal Protection
Fall Protection
Falls are one of the leading causes of construction injuries. Since these injuries are often severe and sometimes fatal, it is critical that we take all
precautions seriously. Failure to take appropriate fall protection precautions could result in termination.

1. Safety belts or full body harnesses are required and lanyards shall be tied off for anyone working (6) ft or higher above the ground.
2. Lanyards shall be secured whenever the employee is not on a complete structure.
3. Safety belts must be worn while working from scaffolds or other temporary platforms and shall be secured to another structure or lifeline if the work
platform is incomplete.
4. Safety belts shall be worn and secured by employees working from ladders more than (6) ft above the ground or adjacent surfac e.
5. Employees riding in or working from personnel lifts shall wear safety belts and secure the lanyard to the lift while aloft.
6. Safety belts/lanyards shall be used as follows:
A. Safety belts/lanyards shall be inspected daily.
B. Safety belts/lanyards shall be secured to an object, structure or lifeline capable of supporting 5,400 lbs.
C. Safety lanyards shall be secured as far above the waist level as possible and the potential fall distance shall never be allowed to exceed (6) ft.
D. Lanyards shall always be secured in such a manner as to minimize the potential fall distance (such as looping the lanyard around the lifeline and
securing the lanyard back to the D ring on the belt.
E. Where no means exist to attach safety belts, a lifeline shall be provided. The lifeline will comply with the requirements of 6.B above.
7. When inspecting your safety belt and lanyard, always look for the following:
A. Stitching
B. Rivets
C. Buckles
D. Buckles Taps
E. D Ring
F. Cuts & Abrasions
G. Acid Damage
H. Dry Rot
I. Burns
J. General Appearance
8. Personal safety belts must be approved and marked as such by a safety representative.
9. Welders shall use a wire rope lanyard.
10. If the employee has nothing with which to secure himself, a lifeline shall be provided.
A. The lifeline shall be a minimum of 1/2 inch nylon rope, secured at both ends.
B. Lifelines shall be secured above the point of operation to an anchorage or structural member capable of supporting a minimum dead weight of
5,400 lbs.
C. Lifelines shall be checked periodically.
11. Wearers of safety belts shall keep the D ring of the belt centered on their back when they are tied off.
12. Safety belts brought with you onto the project must be inspected by the safety department.

Life Jackets
1. Coast Guard approved life jackets or floatation work vest must be worn by any personnel working over or near the water.
2. Life jackets and work vest must be fully secured, fastened and adjusted on each person before entering the area.
3. Life jackets shall be inspected prior to and after use. Defective jackets shall not be worn/used.
4. Ring buoys shall be provided and equipped with at least (90) ft of line. Ring buoys shall not exceed a distance of(200) ft apart.
Pre-Dive Procedures
The following is required prior to each diving operation, unless otherwise specified:
1. A prepared emergency aid phone list to be kept at the dive location consisting of the following:
A. An operational decompression chamber (if not at the dive location).
B. Accessible hospitals.
C. Available physicians.
D. Available means of transportation.
E. The nearest Coast Guard Rescue Coordination Center.
2. First Aid Supplies
A. A physician approved first aid kit appropriate for the diving operation must be at the dive location.
B. A first aid kit suitable for use under hyperbaric conditions when used in decompression chamber or bell.
C. An American Red Cross Standard First Aid Handbook or equivalent, and a bag-type manual resuscitator with transparent mask and tubing must
be available at the dive location.
D. A backboard with attached floatation must be at the dive location.
3. Dive Plan
A. A dive operation plan must include an assessment of safety and health aspects of the following:
(1) Diving mode.
(2) Surf ace and underwater conditions and hazards.
(3) Breathing gas supply (including reserves).
(4) Thermal protection.
(5) Diving equipment and systems.
(6) Dive team assignments and physical fitness of dive team members(including any impairment known to designated diving supervisor).
(7) Repetitive dive designation or residual inert gas status of diving personnel.
(8) Decompression and treatment procedures (including altitude corrections).
(9) Emergency procedures.
(10) Alert diver to potential hazards of flying after diving. (if applicable)
(a) Ascent to altitude after diving increases the risk of decompression sickness due to the additional reduction in atmospheric pressure. The
cabin pressure of a commercial aircraft is maintained at a constant value regardless of the actual of the altitude of the flight. Use 8000 ft to
compute the required surface interval before flying. (see chart next page)
(11) Maximum depth of all dives and bottom time for each dive as per No Decompression Limits chart. (see chart, page 20) (if applicable)
(12) Duties of Dive Team Members
(a) Supervisor
(i) Oversee and assist in all diving operations
(ii) Conduct daily safety meetings
(iii) Maintain safety work practices daily
(iv) Make contact with client representative
(v) Maintain all applicable paperwork (job logs, time tickets, job hazard analysis, confined space logs, etc)
(vi) Maintain radio communications with diver
(b) Lead Diver
(i) Perform duties necessary to complete project as per detailed instruction set forth in Dive Plan. (Dive Plan to be written for each project)
(ii) Will work on rotating basis with other divers, if deemed necessary, pending project difficulty, duration, conditions, etc. If rotating is
done, lead diver assumes other divers responsibilities as set forth in Dive Plan.
(c) Diver/Standby Diver
(i) Diver will stand by during all operations, dressed out and ready to assist the lead diver at all times.
(ii) Will work on rotating basis with other divers, if deemed necessary, pending project difficulty, duration, conditions, etc. If rotating is
done, standby diver assumes other lead divers responsibilities as set forth in Dive Plan.
(d) Diver/Diver Tender
(i) Tend diver and divers umbilical including but not limited to:
(1) Handing & retrieving tools to diver
(2) Maintain welder
(3) Maintain oxygen bottle for all burning operations
(4) Operate safety disconnect switch for diver during any underwater burning operations
(ii) Maintain life support system including but not limited to:
(1) Fueling and starting air compressors
(2) Draining water from air filter system
(3) Monitoring air pressure gauge
(4) Reporting to supervisor
(iii) Will work on rotating basis with other divers, if deemed necessary, pending project difficulty, duration, conditions, etc . If rotating is
done, diver tender assumes other lead divers responsibilities as set forth in Dive Plan.
(13) Lock Out/Tag Out (if applicable)
(a) Placement
(I) The person attaching the tag shall fully complete in specific terms the reasons for tagging, the description of the work to be done and the
precise location of the tag.
(ii) The owner will be responsible for placing all the isolating devices in the safe position and attaching the first red danger tag.
(iii) After the owner has attached the first red danger tag, any person or group whose safety could be endangered by the operation of the
isolating device must attach their tags or follow red danger tag master system.
(iv) A designated person will verify by operating the appropriate operating device to insure that the equipment locked out is inoperable.
(b) Removal
(I) As the individual jobs are completed, each person or group must remove their tags immediately.
(ii) Owner operating personnel red danger tags shall be removed last.
(iii) Red danger tags may be removed only upon authorization of the person designated on the tag, except if the designated person fails to
remove the red danger tag, and after a diligent effort to locate this person has been made, personnel who have been designated by the
plant may order removal only after inspecting the jobsite.
(14) Differential Water Pressures (if applicable)
(a) Determine elevations of each body of water in order to evaluate potential water pressure differential.
(b) If at all possible, equalize bodies of water to eliminate pressure differential prior to entering the water.
(c) Lock out and tag out all valves between each body of water as per lock out/tag out procedure. (see above)
(d) Cease all dive operations if unable to determine and isolate a potential pressure differential.
4. Hazardous activities
A. Diving operations are to be coordinated with other activities in the vicinity which are likely to interfere with the diving operation in order to
minimize hazards to diving personnel.
5. Briefing
A. Diving personnel are to be briefed on the following:
(1) Description of project & project location
(2) Drawings, pictures, blueprints and/or any other materials pertaining to project tasks.
(3) Diving equipment & tools to be utilized on each project task.
(4) Water conditions, water temperature, maximum depth and bottom and any necessary decompression.
(2) Safety & emergency procedures
(3) Anyl hazards or environmental conditions likely to affect the safety of the diving operation.
(4) Any modifications to operating procedures necessitated by the specific diving operation.
(5) Alert diver to potential hazards of flying after diving.
(a) Ascent to altitude after diving increases the risk of decompression sickness due to the additional reduction in atmospheric pressure. The
cabin pressure of a commercial aircraft is maintained at a constant value regardless of the actual of the altitude of the flight. Use 8000 ft to
compute the required surface interval before flying. (See chart next page)
B. Prior to making the individual diving personnel assignments, designated diving supervisor inquires into the diving personnels current state of
physical fitness, and indicates to the diving personnel the procedure for reporting physical problems or adverse physiological effects during and
after the dive.
6. Equipment inspection
A. The breathing gas supply system including reserve breathing gas supplies, masks, helmets, thermal protection and bell handling mechanism
(when appropriate) must be inspected prior to each dive.
7. Warning signal
A. When diving from surfaces other then vessels in areas capable of supporting marine traffic, a rigid replica of the international code flag A at
least one meter in height must be displayed at the dive location in a manner which allows all-round visibility, and shall be illuminated during night
dive operations.
8. Duties of Dive Team Members
A. Supervisor
(1) Oversee and assist in all diving operations
(2) Conduct daily safety meetings
(3) Maintain safety work practices daily
(4) Make contact with client representative
(5) Maintain all applicable paperwork (job logs, time tickets, job hazard analysis, confined space logs, etc)
(6) Maintain radio communications with diver
B. Lead Diver
(1) Perform duties necessary to complete project as per detailed instruction set forth in Dive Plan. (Dive Plan to be written f or each project)
(2) Will work on rotating basis with other divers, if deemed necessary, pending project difficulty, duration, conditions, etc. If rotating is done, lead
diver assumes other divers responsibilities as set forth in Dive Plan.
C. Diver/Standby Diver
(1) Diver will stand by during all operations, dressed out and ready to assist the lead diver at all times.
(2) Will work on rotating basis with other divers, if deemed necessary, pending project difficulty, duration, conditions, etc. If rotating is done,
standby diver assumes other lead divers responsibilities as set forth in Dive Plan.
D. Diver/Diver Tender
(1) Tend diver and divers umbilical including but not limited to:
(a) Handing & retrieving tools to diver
(b) Maintain welder
(c) Maintain oxygen bottle for all burning operations
(4) Operate safety disconnect switch for diver during any underwater burning operations
(2) Maintain life support system including but not limited to:
(a) Fueling and starting air compressors
(b) Draining water from air filter system
(c) Monitoring air pressure gauge
(d) Reporting to supervisor
(3) Will work on rotating basis with other divers, if deemed necessary, pending project difficulty, duration, conditions, etc. If rotating is done,
diver tender assumes other lead divers responsibilities as set forth in Dive Plan.

Procedures During Dive


The following requirements are applicable to each diving operation unless otherwise specified:
1. Water entry & exit
A. A means capable of supporting the diver must be provided for entering and exiting the water.
(1) The means provided for exiting the water must extend below the water surface.
(2) A means must be provided to assist an injured diver from the water or into a bell.
2. Communications
A. An operational two-way voice communication system must be used between:
(1) Each surface-supplied air mixed-gas diver and diving personnel at the dive location or bell (when provider required).
(2) The bell and the dive location.
B. An operational, two-way communication system must be available at the dive location to obtain emergency assistance.
3. Decompression tables
A. Decompression, repetitive, and no-decompression tables (as appropriate) must be at the dive location.
4. Dive Profiles
A. A depth-time profile, including when appropriate any breathing gas changes, must be maintained for each diver during the dive, including
decompression.
5. Hand-held power tools & equipment
A. Hand-held electrical tools and equipment must be de-energized before being placed into or retrieved from the water.
B. Hand-held power tools must not be supplied with power from the dive location until requested by the diver.
Procedures During Dive
6. Welding & burning
A. A current supply switch to interrupt the current flow to the welding or burning electrode must be:
(1) Tended by a diving personnel in voice communication with the diver performing the welding or burning.
(2) Kept in the open position except when the diver is welding or burning.
B. The welding machine frame must be grounded.
C. Welding and burning cables, electrode holders, and connections must be capable of carrying the maximum current required by the work, and
must be properly insulated.
D. Insulated gloves must be worn by divers performing welding and burning operations.
E. Prior to welding or burning on closed compartments, structures or pipes, which contains a flammable vapor or in which a flammable vapor
may be generated by the work, they must be vented, flooded or purged with a mixture of gases which will not support combustion.
7. Termination of the dive
A. The working interval of a dive must be terminated when:
(1) A diver requests termination.
(2) A diver fails to respond correctly to communications or signals from a dive team member.
(3) Communications are lost and can not be quickly reestablished between the diver and a dive team member at the dive location, and between
the designated person-in-charge and the person controlling the vessel in live-boating operations.
(4) A diver begins to use diver carried reserve breathing gas or the dive-location reserve breathing gas.

8. Emergency Management Plan


A . The supervisor or lead diver will be on site at all times monitoring the dive station and communications.
B. Air system will consist of a minimum of the primary and secondary low -pressure compressors with a high-pressure emergency bac k up.
C. A stand-by diver will be ready at all times with complete back-up system, ready for immediate assistance or retrieval if necessary.
D. There will be a designated hospital route on site giving direction to the local hospital prior to commencing diving operations.
E. A pre dive safety meeting will be held in concern of divers safety, job hazard analysis, and rescue procedures
9. Emergency Procedures
A. Loss of communications
(1) Disconnect or make cold all machinery, tools etc.
(2) If communications are not reestablished within 60 seconds then line pulls will be utilized in order to bring diver to the surface to reestablish
communications.
(3) Once communications have been reestablished, then dive operations will resume.
B. Loss of Primary Air
(1) Start-up and secure secondary air compressor
(2) Notify diver that secondary compressor in use
(3) Evaluate primary air and secure
(4) If unable to secure primary air, replace with back-up
C. Severed Umbilical
(1) Diver will go to diver carried air supply and return to dive station immediately
(2) Secure air to severed umbilical
(3) Stand-by diver dress fully in hat for assistance if necessary
(4) Pneumo Fathometer hose will be kept purged for use as an additional back up air supply.
D. Entrapment of Diver
(1) Talk to diver to insure he is okay and air supply is okay
(2) Survey situation to insure safe for stand-by diver to enter water for assistance
(3) Monitor air supply
(4) Dress out stand-by diver for inspection and assistance in retrieval of diver if necessary
(5) Free and bring diver to surface
E. Medical Assistance Needed
(1) Diver will be brought to the surface immediately and dive team will administer first aid
(2) If diver unable to reach surface on his own, stand-by diver will assist
F. Diver Unconscious
(1) Check air supply
(2) Disconnect and shutdown all power tools, welders and other machinery that may impede rescue of diver
(3) Survey the scene to understand the situation and insure stand-by diver can enter the water safely.
(4) Call appropriate emergency contacts-ambulance, hospital, Coast Guard.
(5) Stand-by diver will then enter the water for retrieval of distressed diver.
(6) Diver will be brought to surface for removal
(7) Begin administering CPR
(8) Either turn diver over to paramedics or transport diver to nearest medical facility via pre-approved emergency route
G. Electrical Hazards (underwater burning)
(1) Use direct current welder
(2) Use screw -type c-clamp
(3) Safety disconnect switch must be off unless diver calls to make hot
(4) Disconnect supply during rod change
(5) Do not get between work and ground
(6) Wear rubber gloves
H. Adverse Weather Conditions
(1) Check weather radar prior to project daily start time
(2) Do not work if adverse weather conditions are likely
(3) If adverse weather conditions move in during operations, cease all operations and move to safety
Post Dive Procedures
The following requirements are applicable after each diving operation, unless otherwise specified:
1. Precautions
A. After the completion of any dive, the supervisor must:
(1) Check the physical condition of the diver.
(2) Instruct the diver to report any physical problems or adverse physiological effects including symptoms of decompression sickness.
(3) Advise the diver of the location of a decompression chamber which is ready for use.
(4) Alert diver to potential hazards of flying after diving.
B. For any dive outside the no-decompression limits, deeper than 100 fsw or using mixed gas as a breathing mixture, the supervisor should instruct
the diver to remain awake and in the vicinity of the decompression chamber which is at the dive location for at least one hour after the dive
(including decompression or treatment as appropriate).
2. Recompression capability
A. A decompression chamber capable of recompressing the diver at the surface to a minimum of 165 fsw (ATA) shall be available at the dive
location for:
(1) Surface-supplied air diving to depths deeper than 100 fsw and shallower than 220 fsw.
(2) Mixed gas diving shallower than 300 fsw.
(3) Diving outside the no-decompression limits shallower than 300 fsw.
B. A decompression chamber capable of recompressing the diver at the surface to the maximum depth of the dive shall be available at the dive
location for dives deeper than 300 fsw.
C. The decompression chamber must be:
(1) Dual lock.
(2) Multiplace.
(3) Located within (5) minutes of the dive location.
D. The decompression chamber must be equipped with:
(1) A pressure gauge for each pressurized compartment designed for human occupancy.
(2) A built in breathing system with a minimum of one mask per occupant.
(3) A two-way voice communication system between occupants and a dive team member at the dive location.
(4) A viewport.
(5) Illumination capability to light the interior.
E. Treatment tables, treatment gas appropriate to the diving mode, and sufficient gas to conduct treatment must be available at the dive location.
F. A dive team member must be available at the dive location during and for at least (1) hour after the dive to operate the decompression chamber
(when required or provided).
3. Record of dive
A. The following information must be recorded and maintained for each diving operation:
(1) Names of dive team members including designated person in charge.
(2) Date, time and location.
(3) Diving modes used.
(4) Breathing medium
(5) Equipment type
(6) General nature of work performed.
(7) Approximate underwater and surface conditions (visibility, water temperature and current).
(8) Maximum depth and bottom for each diver.
(9) Surface intervals between dives
(10) Group classification at beginning and end of each interval
(11) Date & time of last dive for each diver entering water.
B. For each dive outside the no-decompression limits, deeper than 100 fsw or using mixed gas, the following must be recorded:
(1) Depth-time and breathing gas profiles.
(2) Decompression table designation (including modification).
(3) Elapsed time since last pressure exposure if less then 24 hours or repetitive dive designation for each diver.
C. For each dive in which decompression sickness is suspected or symptoms are evident, the following additional information must be recorded
and maintained:
(1) Description of decompression sickness symptoms (including depth and time of onset).
(2) Description and results of treatment.
4. Decompression procedure assessment
A. Supervisor must:
(1) Investigate and evaluate each incident of decompression sickness based on the recorded information, consideration of the past performance
of decompression table used and individual susceptibility.
(2) Take appropriate corrective action to reduce the probability of recurrence of decompression sickness.
(3) Prepare a written evaluation of the decompression procedure assessment, including any corrective action taken, within (45) days of the
incident of decompression sickness.
Safety Procedures Checklist
Safe Practices/Operations Manual
Safety procedures checklist
Dive team member assignments and responsibilities
Equipment procedures and checklist
Emergency procedures for fire, equipment failure, adverse environmental conditions, medical illness or injury
Specific individual procedures for tools, equipment and associated systems
Available at dive site to dive team members
Copy to the person in charge of the vessel or facility
Equipment certifications
Equipment inspection requirements
Emergency Aid
Decompression chamber (off-site)
Nearest hospital /medical treatment facility
Air or ground emergency transportation
US Coast Guard Rescue Coordination Center
Two-way communications available on-site and tested to emergency response link
First Aid
First Aid kit
First Aid manual
Bag-typed manual resuscitator

Planning and Assessment


Job hazard analysis
Diving mode/equipment/system(s)
Means of water entry and exit
Breathing gas supplies including reserves (set up and tested)
Thermal protection (all dive team members)
Dive team assignments/briefing and fitness to dive
Inert gas status of dive team members (repet designations)
Decompression and/or treatment procedures (including altitude)
Communications procedures and methods to all personnel involved in the diving operation
Emergency procedures
Dive station setup
Any necessary modifications the Safety Manual
Written designation of the diving supervisor given to the person in charge of the vessel or facility
Report on the nature and planned times of the planned diving operation and the planned involvement of the vessel or facilitys equipment and
personnel to the person in charge.
Hazards to Diving Operations
Surface to vessel traffic and/or vehicular traffic
Overhead crane/gantry operations
Pedestrian traffic
Displayed diver signals
Critical Dive System to Vessel or Platform Interfaces tagged and non-dive team personnel briefed
Underwater Hazardous Conditions
Diver fouling and/or entrapment
Differential pressures
Lockout/Tagout
Contaminated/toxic liquid
Limited access/confined space/penetration
Use of explosives or seismic activities
Underwater sonar
Cathodic protection
Record Keeping
Project description/accomplishment records completion
Diving and treatment records, accident reports
Individual dive logs entry completions
Specific Operations Procedures
SCUBA Diving
The following requirements must be met, unless otherwise specified for SCUBA diving:
1. SCUBA diving must not be conducted:
A. At depths deeper than 130 fsw.
B. At depths deeper than 100 fsw or outside the no-decompression limits unless a decompression chamber is ready for use.
C. Against currents exceeding (1) knot unless line-tended.
D. In enclosed or physically confined spaces unless line-tended.
2. Procedures
A. A standby diver must be available while a diver is in the water.
B. A diver must be line-tended from the surface, or accompanied by another diver in the water in continuous visual contact during the diving
operations.
C. A diver must be stationed at the underwater point of entry when diving is conducted in enclosed or physically confining spaces.
D. A diver-carried reserve breathing gas supply must be provided for each diver consisting of:
(1) A manual reserve (J valve).
(2) An independent reserve cylinder with a separate regulator or connected to the underwater breathing apparatus.
E. The valve of the reserve breathing gas supply must be in the closed position prior to the dive.
Surfaced-Supplied Air Diving
The following requirements must be met unless otherwise specified for Surface-Supplied Air Diving:
1. Limits
A. Must not be conducted at depths more than (190) fsw, except dives dives with bottom times of (30) minutes or may be conducted to depths of
(220) fsw.
B. A decompression chamber must be ready for use at the dive location for any dive outside the no-decompression limits or deeper than (100) fsw.
C. A bell must be used for dives with an in-water decompression time greater than (120) minutes, except when heavy gear is worn or diving is
conducted in physically confining spaces.
2. Procedures
A. Each diver must be continuously tended while in the water.
B. Standby diver must be dressed out and redily available when diver is in the water.
C. A diver must be stationed at the underwater point of entry when diving is conducted in enclosed or physically confining spaces.
D. Each diving operation must have a primary breathing gas supply sufficient to support divers for the duration of the planned dive including
decompression.
E. Each diving operation must have a reserve breathing air supply sufficient to support divers for the duration of the planned dive including
decompression.
F. Two-way radio communications are to be utilized in all diving operations. Dive is to be terminated if voice communications are lost.
G. For dives deeper than (100) fsw or outside the no-decompression limits:
(1) A separate diver/tender must tend each diver in the water.
(2) A standby diver must be available while a diver is in the water.
(3) Except when heavy gear is worn, each diver must have a diver-carried reserve breathing gas supply.
(4) A dive-location reserve breathing gas supply.
H. For heavy-gear diving deeper than (100) fsw or outside the no-decompression limits:
(1) An extra breathing gas hose capable of supplying breathing gas to the diver in the water must be available to the standby diver.
(2) Divers in the water must have an inwater stage.
I. A diver must have a diver-carried reserve breathing gas supply, except when heavy gear is worn or where physical space does not permit, when
prevented by the configuration of the dive area from ascending directly to the surface.

Mixed-Gas Diving
The following requirements must be met unless otherwise specified for Mixed-Gas diving:
1. Limits
A. Mixed-gas diving must be conducted only when:
(1) A decompression chamber is ready for use at the dive location.
(2) A bell is used at depths greater than (220) fsw or when the dive involves inwater decompression time of greater then (120) minutes, except
when heavy gear is worn or when diving in physically confining spaces.
(3) A closed bell is used at depths greater than (100) fsw, except when diving is conducted in physically confining spaces.
2. Procedures
A. A separate diver/tender must tend each diver in the water.
B. A standby diver must be available while a diver is in the water.
C. A diver must be stationed at the underwater point of entry when diving is conducted in enclosed or physically confining spaces.
D. Each diving operation must have a primary breathing gas supply sufficient to support divers for the duration of the planned dive including
decompression.
E. Each diving operation must have a dive-location reserve breathing gas supply.
F. When heavy gear is worn:
(1) An extra breathing gas hose capable of supplying breathing gas to the diver in the water must be available to the standby diver.
(2) Divers in the water must have an inwater stage.
G. Divers in the water without access to a bell for dives deeper than (100) fsw or outside the no-decompression limits must have an inwater stage.
H. When a closed bell is used, one diver/tender in the bell must be available and tend the diver in the water.
I. Except when heavy gear is worn or where physical space does not permit, a diver must have a diver-carried reserve breathing gas supply for:
(1) Dives deeper than (100) fsw or outside the no-decompression limits.
(2) Dive area configurations that prevent direct ascension to the surface.
Liveboating
The following requirements for diving operations involving Liveboating must be met, unless otherwise specified:
1. Limits
A. Diving operations involving liveboating is not permitted:
(1) With an inwater decompression time greater than (120) minutes.
(2) Using surfaced-supplied air at depths deeper than (190) fsw, except dives with bottom times of (30) minutes or less may be conducted to
depths of (220) fsw.
(3) Using mixed gas at depths greater than (220) fsw.
(4) In rough seas which significantly impede diver mobility or work function.
(5) In other than daylight hours.
2. Procedures
A. The propeller of the vessel must be stopped before the diver enters or exits the water.
B. A device must be used which minimizes the possibility of entanglement of the divers hose in the propeller of the vessel.
C. There must be two-way voice communications between the designated supervisor and the person controlling the vessel while the diver is in the
water.
D. A standby diver must be available while diver is in the water.
E. A diver-carried reserve breathing gas supply must be carried by each diver engaged in liveboating operations.

Confined Space Entry Program


Employees must complete the Confined Space Entry Program before participating in a confined space operation.

All employees must be authorized to work within or around confined spaces.

All employees should follow safe work practices while working within or near confined spaces, so as not to jeopardize the safety and health of any
individualsparticipating in a confines space entry operation.

Notify your supervisor/authority whenever unsafe conditions or activities are observed in or around any confined space.

Definitions
Confined Space
A space which meets all of the following:
Is large enough and configured such that an employee can physically enter the space to perform work.
Has a limited or restricted means for entry and exit.
Is not designed for continuous employee occupancy.

Permit-Required Confined Space (PRCS)


A confined space which has one or more of the following:
Contains or has potential to contain a hazardous atmosphere.
Contains a material which could potentially engulf an entrant.
Has an internal configuration which could cause an entrant to be trapped or asphyxiated.
Contains any other recognized serious safety or health hazard.

Non-Permit Confined Space (NPCS)


A confined space that does not contain or have the potential to contain any hazard capable of causing death, illness or serious physical harm.
Confined Space Entry Team
A team will conduct work activities which involve entry into a PRCS. Members of the Entry Team may perform multiple duties, provided they are trained and
proficient in each duty. The Confined Space Entry Team consists of the following:
Competent Person (Hereafter referred to as Entry Supervisor)
Plans and coordinates all activities associated with a confined space entry operation; completes the Confined Space Evaluation/Entry Permit System;
and ensures appropriate precautionary measures are taken.

Attendant
Remains outside PRCS for the duration of the entry operation. The attendants most important responsibilities are to maintain communications with the
workers inside the PRCS, monitor hazards that may develop outside the PRCS, and to summon assistance in the event of an emergenc y.

Authorized Entrant
Enters and safely conducts necessary work activities within the PRCS. Work activities performed during PRCS entry operation must be conducted in
accordance with the Confined Space Entry Program.

Emergency Response/Rescue Personnel


Respond in the event of an emergency situation during the confined space entry operation. Emergency response personnel may be employees, or
Fire Department, ambulance service or other rescue squad. Before the PRCS entry operation begins, an appropriate emergency res ponse plan will
be established.

Atmospheric Testing Personnel


Evaluate the confined space for atmospheric hazards. Depending upon the specific nature of the confined space entry operation, atmospheric testing/
air monitoring may be performed by the Entry Supervisor, Attendant, Authorized Entrants or other specially trained individuals.

Hazardous Atmosphere
An atmosphere which may expose employees to the risk of death, incapacitation, injury, acute illness and/or impairment of the ability to self -rescue,
from (1) or more of the following conditions:
l Flammable gas, vapor or mist in excess of 10% of its lower flammable limit (LFL).
l Airborne combustible dust at a concentration which meets or exceeds its LFL.
l Atmospheric oxygen concentrations below 19.5% or above 23.5%.
l Atmospheric concentration of any substance that is capable of creating the risks mentioned above.
l Any other atmospheric condition that is immediately dangerous to life and health (IDLH).

Physical Hazards
Includes other non-atmospheric hazards capable of causing serious physical injury associated with a confined space, such as:
l Uncontrolled release of materials into the confined space, which could result in engulfment or entrapment of the entrants.
l Uncontrolled release of energy into the confined space, which could result in accidental startup of mechanical equipment or electric shock.
l Hazards related to the configuration of the space, which create a potential risk of entrapment or injury.
l Unusual slip, trip and/or fall hazards.

Identification of Confined Spaces

All confined spaces are considered PRCS until evaluated and documented as free from hazards capable of causing death or serious physical harm.

PRCSs may be identifiable by a posted danger sign at the entrance which reads:

DANGER
FOLLOW CONFINED SPACE
ENTRY PROCEDURE
BEFORE ENTERING

Any space which meets the criteria described in the confined space definition is considered a confined space, even if the space is not posted with a sign. If
an area is suspected of being a confined space, contact your supervisor before entering.

Confined Space Evaluation/Entry Permit System


This system will be utilized whenever work activities are to be performed within a confined space. This system consists of a Decision Flow Chart Sign,
Confined Space Evaluation Form, NPCS Authorization, Entry Permit and Post Entry Evaluation. The Entry Supervisor will be responsible for completing all
applicable sections of the Permit System.

Entry Procedures

Permit-Required Confined Space (PRCS)

The following procedures are general requirements for all PRCS entry operations. Additional requirements may apply, depending upon the specific type of
PRCS and the nature of the entry operation.

Securing the Confined Space

Prior to conducting an on-site hazard evaluation for the confined space, the Entry Supervisor must secure the space to prevent unauthorized entry and
to protect Authorized Entrants during the hazard evaluation and entry operation
Any conditions which make it unsafe to remove an entrance cover must be eliminated before the cover is removed. Following removal an entrance
cover, the opening must be guarded by railing, temporary, or other effective means, so as to protect the Authorized Entrants from falling objects or
other hazards. The area outside the entrance must be cleared of nonessential equipment and tools which may present a safety hazard.
If necessary, pedestrian and/or vehicle barriers must be erected to protect Authorized Entrants from external hazards.
Confined Space Entry Program
Confined Space Hazard Evaluation

The Entry Supervisor must ensure that the confined space is thoroughly evaluated for potential or actual hazardous atmospheres and physical
hazards.
Any information available about the nature of the space and how it is used, should be reviewed. This information will be utilized to anticipate hazards
that may occur during the entry operation.
The Entry Supervisor must anticipate which types of materials may exist in the space including:

l Naturally occurring materials.


l Stored materials.
l Materials carried into or through the space by pipes, lines or ducts.
l Materials in adjacent areas that could leak into the space.
l Materials that will be brought into the space and used to perform work activities within the space.

The Entry Supervisor must also consider the possibility of physical hazards within the confined space. Physical hazards may be anticipated if the
approximate size and configuration of the space is known. It will also be necessary to consider the presence of energized or live equipment and other
energy sources in or around the confined space.
The results of the hazard evaluation must be recorded in the appropriate area on the Confined Space Evaluation/Entry Permit Form.

Atmospheric Testing/Air Monitoring

If material within the space could potentially create a hazardous atmosphere, the Entry Supervisor must ensure that atmospheric testing/air monitoring
is performed.
The atmospheric testing equipment used should test for the following:

l Oxygen
l Combustible Gases or Vapors
l Toxic Gases or Vapors

Testing must be performed throughout the confined space including remote areas. Possible stratification of the atmosphere must be taken into
consideration during atmospheric testing.
Under most circumstances, initial atmospheric testing will be performed from outside the confined space. If it becomes necessary to enter the space in
order to conduct air testing, this entry operation must be conducted in accordance with PRCS entry procedures.
Initial atmospheric testing will be performed prior to the use of ventilation equipment. If forced ventilation is used, testing will also be done after the
space is ventilated.
If hazardous atmospheres are identified, and it is not possible to eliminate the hazard (or potential hazard) through ventilation, continuous air
monitoring must be conducted for the duration of the entry operation.
Atmospheric testing may only be performed by specially trained individuals. Individuals who monitor the atmosphere must also receive the same
training as Authorized Entrants.
Atmospheric testing equipment must be calibrated immediately prior to use in the field. The equipment must also be checked for interference
whenever testing for multiple contaminants. Only equipment which is intrinsically safe may be used to test atmospheres within a confined space.

Establishing Acceptable Entry Conditions

The Entry Supervisor will establish acceptable entry conditions based on the results of the hazard evaluation.
If no hazards (or potential hazards) are identified, the confined space may be considered a NPCS and entry may proceed according to NPCS entry
procedures
If hazards are identified within the confined space, the space will be considered a PRCS.
No one may enter a PRCS until the entry conditions are considered acceptable by the Entry Supervisor.
Corrective action must be taken if one or more of the following hazardous atmospheric conditions has been identified;

Oxygen level below (19.5%) or above (23.5)%.


l Combustible gas or vapor is present in concentrations to or greater than 10% of the LFL for the substance.
l Combustible dust present in concentrations which cause obscured vision at a distance of (5) ft or less.
l Toxic gas or vapor present in concentrations greater than the OSHA permissible exposure level (if applicable), or other recommended exposure
level(i.e., as established by NIOSH, ACGIH, or the product manufacturer), and the concentration is capable of causing death, inc apacitation,
impairment of ability to self -rescue, injury. or acute illness.

Where special protective measures and procedures are followed, the PRCS shall not be entered until the concentration of the flammable material is
reduced to less than (10%) of the LFL.
The Entry Supervisor will determine the appropriate means for controlling or eliminating the atmospheric hazard, including:

l Isolating the space to eliminate the source of the hazard.


l Purging, inerting, flushing or ventilating the space.

After one or both of these actions have been taken, air testing will be conducted again to determine whether the hazard has been eliminated.
Confined Space Entry Program
If it not possible or feasible to eliminate or control the hazardous atmosphere, respirators may be used to protect the Authorized Entrants, provided:

l The respirator selected for use is approved to protect against the identified hazard(s) at the concentration(s) measured during atmospheric
testing.
l If the atmosphere is oxygen deficient, a self -contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or a supplied-air respirator (SAR) with auxiliary self contained
air supply must be worn by the entrants.
l The Entrants have received training, physical examinations and respirator fit tests as required in the Respiratory Protection Pr ogram.
l Physical hazards have been eliminated or controlled.

If physical hazards are discovered (or potentially exist), they must be eliminated or controlled prior to entry. If necessary the PRCS must be isolated to
control the release of materials or energy into the space. This may be accomplished by one or more of the following:

l Blinding or blanking lines, pipes or ducts.


l Misaligning or removing sections of lines, pipes or ducts.
l Lockout or tagout of mechanical or electrical energy sources according to the Clearance Program.
l Blocking or disconnecting mechanical linkages.

Some physical hazards may also be controlled by utilizing protective equipment, including (but not limited to):

l Safety Harnesses.
l Rescue lifting devices.
l Lifelines.
l Fall protection devices.
l Hard Hats.
l Protective clothing
l High voltage rubber goods.
l Non-skid or safety footwear.
l Safety glasses or goggles.
l Hearing protection devices.
l Manhole entrance rings.
l Worksite barricades at the entrances.
l Lighting equipment.

Authorized Entrants must use a safety harness with attached lifeline during the PRCS entry operation, unless the use of this equipment would
increase the overall risk of entry or would not contribute to the rescue of the Entrant.
The acceptable entry conditions, as defined by the Entry Supervisor must be documented on the Confined Space Evaluation/Entry Permit Form in the
appropriate area.
All equipment necessary to ensure that the acceptable entry conditions are met, must be listed on the confined Space Evaluation/Entry Permit Form, in
the appropriate area.

Prohibited Conditions and Activities


The following activities are always considered prohibited during any confined space entry operation:

l Use of tobacco products inside the confined space.


l Eating or drinking within the confined space.
l Any other activity which the Entry Supervisor has determined to be unsafe or contrary to the established acceptable entry conditions.

If prohibited conditions occur, the PRCS entry operation must be stopped and the space evacuated. Entry cannot proceed until corrective action is
taken

Ventilation
If atmospheric monitoring results indicate that a potentially hazardous atmosphere exists, the confined space will be ventilated to eliminate the
hazards, unless it is impossible or unsafe to do so.
The confined space will be ventilated prior to entry, and will continue to be ventilated until it has been verified (through atmospheric testing) that
acceptable entry conditions have been met.
In most cases, forced ventilation should continue for the duration of the entry operation.
Continuous forced ventilation is always required whenever the work activities require the use of open flames, welding equipment, solvents, or any other
material which could create a hazardous atmosphere within a confined space.
Air used for ventilation must come from a non-contaminated source.
The ventilation system must be designed to ensure that workers outside the confined space are not exposed to contaminated air exhausted from the
space.
Confined spaces must be ventilated so that no possible gas pockets remain in remote areas of the space.
The Entry Supervisor will determine the best method for ventilating the confined space.

Communication

An effective means of communication between Authorized Entrants and the Attendant must be established.
Any method of communication (e.g., visual, vocal, radio or signal) may be used as long as it is effective.
The Entry Supervisor will select the most appropriate method of communication for the entry operation.
Confined Space Entry Program
Equipment

The Entry Supervisor will determine what equipment is needed to safely perform the entry operation. The following types of equipment may be
required for the confined space entry operation:

l Atmospheric monitoring equipment.


l Ventilation equipment.
l Barricades or shields to guard the entrance.
l Respirators.
l Personal protective equipment.
l Communication equipment.
l Lighting equipment.
l Ladders or other equipment needed for entry and exit.
l Rescue and emergency equipment.
l Fall protection equipment.
l Equipment required to perform specific work activities within the confined space.

The equipment selected for use during the entry operation must be listed on the Confined Space Evaluation/Entry Permit Form.
The Entry Supervisor must ensure that the equipment is in good working condition. The equipment must be inspected before it is used during the entry
operation.
Electrical equipment, tools and lighting used in the confined space must not have damaged cords or connections.
The Entry Supervisor will ensure that all Entry Team members have been trained to use the equipment, and that the equipment is used properly
throughout the entry operation.

Rescue and Emergency Response

Procedures for rescue/emergency response will vary, depending on the type and location of the confined space; the hazards associated with the
confined space; the nature of the entry operation.
The Entry Supervisor will determine the appropriate method of rescue/emergency response for the specific entry operations.
The Entry Supervisor must ensure that all Entry Team members understand the rescue/emergency procedures selected for the entry operation.
It is essential for at least one Attendant to remain outside a PRCS for the duration of the entry operation.
The Attendant will play a key role in coordinating emergency response/rescue operations. In the event of an emergency, the Attendant will take the
following actions:

l Summon the designated Emergency Response/Rescue Team - without leaving the entrance to the PRCS.
l If the Entrants are wearing safety harnesses and lifelines attached to a rescue lifting device, the Attendant may attempt to res cue from outside
the confined space, after first calling for assistance.
l The Attendant may not enter the confined space at any time to attempt to rescue, unless first relieved by another Attendant.
l Only person who are trained to perform a confined space entry rescue operation may enter the confined space to attempt a rescue.

Pre-Entry Briefing

The Entry Supervisor must conduct a pre-entry briefing before the PRCS entry operation begins. The following topics will be addressed during the
briefing:

l The nature of the hazards associated with the confined space entry operation.
l The signs, symptoms and consequences of exposure to any atmospheric hazards which may be associated with the entry operation.
l Prohibited conditions and activities.
l Review of safe work practices to be followed during the entry operation.
l Communication method to be used during the entry operation.
l Emergency Response/Rescue procedures that apply for the entry operation.

Non-Permit Confined Space (NPCS)

Any confined space within the work environment is considered a PRCS until a hazard evaluation has been completed and it is determined to be a NPCS.
The following general procedures apply whenever work will be performed a NPCS.

The Supervisor in charge must ensure that the space is secured to prevent unauthorized entry and to protect employees during the hazard evaluation
and entry operation.

Hazard Evaluation

The Supervisor will ensure that a complete hazard evaluation is conducted (as described in the PRCS entry procedures).
If it is determined that no hazards currently exist in the confined space; that hazardous conditions will not arise as a result of work activities performed
within the confined space; and that there is little or no potential for hazardous conditions to occur for any reason, the PRCS may be reclassified as a
NPCS.
If a hazardous atmosphere within a confined space can be eliminated through ventilation or other means prior to entry, and there is little or no
potential for the atmospheric hazard to recur, the PRCS may be reclassified as a NPCS, provided no other hazards exist.
The results of the hazard evaluation must be entered on the Confined Space Evaluation/Entry Permit Form, in the appropriate area.
The employee in charge will complete the NPCS Authorization Form.
Confined Space Entry Program
Conducting a NPCS Entry Operation

The NPCS entry operation may proceed, only if the following provisions are met:

l Only trained employees may enter the NPCS.


l A means of communication must be established, so that employees who enter the space may summon assistance in the event of an unforeseen
emergency.
l If any prohibited conditions or dangerous situation occurs, employees must evacuate the NPCS immediately, and notify their Supervisor.
l If a prohibited condition or dangerous situation occurs, the confined space must be reevaluated before reentry is allowed. If necessary, the
NPCS will be reclassified as a PRCS.

Confined Space Entry Operations Involving Contractors

Whenever a contractor has been retained to work within or near a confined space, the facility manager will be responsible for coordinating the confined
space entry operation with the contractor.

Completing Confined Space Evaluation/Entry Permit Systems Forms

No confined space entry operation will proceed until the Confined Space Evaluation/Entry Permit System Forms are properly completed.
Prior to entry, the Entry Supervisor must ensure that all required information is entered on the Confined Space Evaluation/Entry Permit System Form,
including:

l The location of the confined space.


l The purpose of the entry.
l The name of all Authorized Entrants who will enter the space.
l The name of the person(s) who will serve as Attendant(s).
l The acceptable entry conditions defined for the specific entry operation.
l The results of the hazard evaluation, including initial and periodic air testing results.
l A description of the hazards associated with the confined space.
l The method used to isolate the space.
l The methods used to control hazards within the space.
l The method established for obtaining rescue and emergency services (including telephone numbers, if applicable).
l A description of the communication method to be used during the entry operation.
l A list of required safety equipment, and other equipment needed for the entry operation.
l The date and signature of the Entry Supervisor, authorizing the entry operation.

If any complications arise during the entry operation, they must be documented on the Confined Space Evaluation/Entry Permit System Form in the
space provided.
If any other permits are required to perform work inside the confined space (e.g., hot work permits), they must be attached to the Confined Space
Evaluation/Entry Permit System Form.
If a PRCS is reclassified as a NPCS, all applicable sections of the Confined Space Evaluation/Entry Permit System must be completed, including the
NPCS Authorization Form.
The completed Entry Permit must be posted outside the confined space entrance, for the duration of the entry operation.
The Entry Permit must be canceled:

l Upon completion of the entry operation.


l If a prohibited condition occurs during the entry operation.

After the entry operation is finished, the Entry Supervisor must complete the Post Entry Evaluation Form.
Canceled and completed Confined Space Evaluation/Entry Permit System Forms must be retained by the Facility Manager.

Permit-Required Confined Space Entry Training

Only specially trained individuals are permitted to participate in PRCS entry operation. The following provision apply for the Confined Space Entry Training
Program:

All members of the confined space Entry Team must be trained to perform any duties that may be assigned to them during a PRCS entry operation.
Training must be provided:

l Initially, before an employee is assigned to perform duties as part of the Confined Space Entry Team.
l Annually, in the form of refresher training.
l Whenever new confined space entry hazards that were not addressed during previous training are identified.
l Whenever any procedures addressed in the Confined Space Entry Program are changed or revised.
l Whenever it is apparent that there are deficiencies in an employees knowledge of PRCS entry operation procedures.

As part of the Confined Space Entry Training Program, employees will be required to demonstrate their ability to perform any duties that will be
assigned to them during PRCS entry operations.
Confined Space Entry Program

Confined Space Evaluation/Entry Permit System


Confined Space Entry Decision Flow Chart

Will a confined space entry operation No


Stop

Yes

Does space have known or potential No Space is a NPCS. Entry operation


may commence according to NPCS
Yes

Can known or potential atmospheric Yes Space is a NPCS. Entry operation


may commence according to NPCS
No

Can known or potential atmospheric Yes Space is a NPCS. Entry operation


hazards be eliminated and known or may commence according to NPCS
potential physical hazards be

No
Yes Unforeseen hazard is discovered.
Space is a PRCS. Entry operation
No
may commence according to PRCS

No Permit not valid. Entry is not


Acceptable entry conditions met? permitted until acceptable

Yes

Permit issued by signature of

Emergency exists. Abort entry


operations. Evacuate PRCS.
Acceptable entry conditions Summon emergency response/
rescue team if necessary.
Reevaluate entry operation, hazards
Yes
and program. Re-entry not
permitted until
Entry operation completed. Permit
canceled. Complete post-entry
evaluation form. Return canceled
permits and completed evaluation
Entry operations is completed.
Complete post-entry evaluation
form. Return evaluation forms and
NPCS authorization forms to facility
Review permits and evaluation form.
Equipment Procedures & Requirements
1. General
A. The following requirements must be met, unless otherwise specified.
B. Each equipment modification, repair, test calibration or maintenance service must be recorded by means of a tagging or logging system, and
include the date and nature of work performed and the name or initials of the person performing the work.
2. Air compressor system
A. Compressors used to supply air to the diver must be equipped with a volume tank with a check valve on the inlet side, a pressure gauge, a relief
valve and a drain valve.
B. Air compressor intakes must be located away from areas containing exhaust or other contaminants.
C. Respirable air supplied to diver must not contain:
(1) A level of carbon monoxide (CO) greater than 20 p/m.
(2) A level of carbon dioxide (CO2) greater than 1,000 p/m.
(3) A level of oil mist greater than (5) milligrams per cubic meter.
(4) A noxious or pronounced odor.
D. The output of air compressor systems must be tested for air purity every (6) months by means of samples taken at the connection to the
distribution system, except that non-oil lubricated compressors need not be tested for oil mist.
3. Breathing gas supply hoses
A. Breathing gas supply hoses must:
(1) Have a working pressure at least equal to the working pressure of the total breathing gas system.
(2) Have a rated bursting pressure at least equal to (4) times the working pressure.
(3) Be tested at least annually to (1.5) times their working pressure.
(4) Have their open ends taped, capped or plugged when not in use.
B. Breathing gas supply hose connectors must:
(1) Be made of corrosion-resistant materials.
(2) Have a working pressure at least equal to the working pressure of the hose to which they are attached.
(3) Be resistant to accidental disengagement.
C. Umbilical must:
(1) Be marked in (10) ft increments to (100) ft beginning at the divers end, and (50) ft increments thereafter.
(2) Be made of kink-resistant materials.
(3) Have a working pressure greater than the pressure equivalent to the maximum depth of the dive (relative to the supply source) plus (100) psi.
4. Buoyancy control
A. Helmets or masks connected directly to the dry suit or other buoyancy-changing equipment must be equipped with an exhaust valve.
B. A dry suit or other buoyancy-changing equipment not directly connected to the helmet or mask must be equipped with an exhaust valve.
C. When used for SCUBA diving a buoyancy compensator must have an inflation source separate from the breathing gas supply.
D. An inflatable flotation device capable of maintaining the diver at the surface in a face-up position, having a manually activated inflation source
independent of the breathing supply, an oral inflation device, and an exhaust valve must be used for SCUBA diving.
5. Compressed gas cylinders
A. Compressed gas cylinders must:
(1) Be designed, constructed and maintained in accordance with the applicable provisions of 29 CFR 1910.101 and 1910.169 through 1910.171.
(2) Be stored in a ventilated area and protected from excessive heat.
(3) Be secured from falling.
(4) Have shut-off valves recessed into the cylinder or protected by a cap, except when in use or manifold, or when used for SCUBA diving.
(5) Have identification symbols stamped onto the shoulder of each tank.
(6) Visually inspected internally on an annual basis
(7) Hydrostatically tested every (5) years.
(8) Stamped with all testing dates.
6. Decompression chambers
A. Each decompression chamber manufactured after the effective date of this standard, must be built and maintained in accordance with the ASME
Code or equivalent.
B. Each decompression chamber manufactured prior to the effective date of this standard must be maintained in conformity with the code
requirements to which it was built, or equivalent.
C. Each decompression chamber must be equipped with:
(1) Means to maintain the atmosphere below a level of (25)% oxygen by volume.
(2) Mufflers on intake and exhaust lines which must be regularly inspected and maintained.
(3) Suction guards on exhaust line openings.
(4) A means of extinguishing fire, which must be maintained to minimize sources of ignition and combustible material.
7. Gauges and timekeeping devices
A. Gauges indicating diver depth which can be read at the dive location must be used for all dives except SCUBA.
B. Each depth gauge must be deadweight tested or calibrated against a master reference gauge every (6) months, and when there is a discrepancy
greater than (2)% of full scale between any (2) equivalent gauges.
C. A cylinder pressure gauge capable of being monitored by the diver during the dive must be worn by each SCUBA diver.
D. A time keeping device must be available at each dive location.
8. Masks and helmets
A. Surface-supplied air and mixed-gas masks and helmets must have:
(1) A non-return valve at the attachment point between helmet or mask hose which must close readily and positively.
(2) Surface supplied air masks and helmets mist have a minimum ventilation rate capability of (4.5) acfm at any depth at which they are operated
or the capability of maintaining the divers inspired carbon dioxide at the rate of (1.6) standard liters per minute.
9. Oxygen safety
A. Equipment used with oxygen or mixture containing over (40)% by volume oxygen must be designed for oxygen service.
B. Components (except umbilical) exposed to oxygen or mixtures containing over (40)% by volume oxygen must be cleaned of flammable materials
before use.
C. Oxygen systems over (125) psig and compressed air systems over (125) psig and compressed air systems over (500) psig must hav e slow -
opening shut-off valves.
Equipment Procedures & Requirements
10.Weights and harnesses
A. Except when heavy gear is worn, divers must be equipped with a weight belt or assembly capable of quickrelease.
B. Except when heavy gear is worn or in SCUBA diving, each diver must wear a safety harness with:
(1) A positive buckling device.
(2) An attachment point for the umbilical to prevent strain on the mask or helmet.
(3) A lifting point to distribute the pull force of the line over the divers body.

Guidelines for On-Site Accident Investigations


1. Personnel
A. Have all members of the dive crew stay on location for an interview by the investigation team.
B. Obtain the names and addresses of any possible witnesses who were not on the crew.
C. Obtain the names and addresses of the Captain of the vessel and his crew.
D. Obtain the name and address of the person in charge of the facility. (company man, engineer, superintendent, etc.)
2. Action at the accident site
A. As much as possible, secure the accident site for the investigation team.
B. Wherever possible, leave the site as it was at the time of the accident.
C. Determine if any hazardous material was involved and request assistance as necessary.
D. Locate and secure all log books, dive sheets, decompression sheets, treatment reports and any other written reports.
E. Locate and secure all the injured persons work equipment and personal belongings.
3. Choosing the investigator
A. In an accident resulting in a fatality, it is not recommended that the first line supervisor do the investigation. Because of the high state of
emotional involvement, it is best that someone not on the job do the investigation (operation manager, safety manager, etc.).
4. Handling the body
A. General Procedures
(1) Do not clean or straighten the body in any way. Try to leave it as it was when it was first recovered.
(2) If possible, leave the wet suit and the diving equipment in place.
(3) The body should be kept cool, (45 degrees F). Do not freeze the body. If the possible, store the body in a body bag or polyethylene bag. At
the very least, the body must be covered. If there is not any cold storage, pack the body in ice. The body should not be in direct contact with
the ice or water.
(4) When transporting, try to bring the body into a location where the coroner is familiar with diving fatalities.
(5) Where and when possible, have the coroner transported to the accident site to start his investigation.
B. Fatalities under pressure
(1) If the body is under pressure when pronounced dead, it is best to leave the body under pressure until a coroner can examine it.
(2) There are times when it is necessary to bring the body out before the coroner can see it. For example, when other people are inside with a
compression obligation against them with no where to store the body, the personnel inside must be considered first.
(3)The body can be decompressed at a rate of (6)ft per minute. This will allow the release of free gas without causing excessive tissue damage.
Too slow a decompression or improper storage in a chamber will cause greater tissue damage due to decomposition.

Organization of the Accident Investigation


1. An investigation is essential following an accident for (3) reasons:
A. To establish the facts of the case.
B. To establish the cause of the accident.
C. To enable changes in procedures and equipment in order to prevent a future recurrence.
2. Initial action guidelines:
A. Have the area of the accident secured. Determine if any hazardous materials are involved and request specialized assistance.
B. Obtain information for a preliminary report to operations, insurance companies and other agencies.
3. Accident history
A. It is imperative that a proper and detailed history of the events leading up to the accident is obtained. This may be difficult and tedious
procedure, but if not properly performed, it can prejudice the results of the whole investigation.
B. Witnesses:
(1) All witnesses should be interviewed alone at the earliest possible time after the accident.
(2) More accurate descriptions are obtained if witnesses are questioned directly than if they are just asked to submit statements.
(3) If possible, the interviews should be tape-recorded and the recordings written out.
(4) Identify and contact all witnesses.
(5) Determine the background of the witnesses.
(6) Record positions of witnesses in relation to the scene of the accident.
(7) Interview all other dive crew members and obtain their signed statements.
C. The interview:
(1) Put the worker at ease.
(2) Conduct the interview at the scene of the accident whenever possible.
(3) Ask for his/her version of the accident.
(4) Ask any necessary questions, limit your questions to the facts as much as possible. Ask open questions which can be answered yes or no.
(5) Repeat his/her story as you understand it.
(6) Close the interview on a positive note - Prevention.
D. At every stage, photography must be used to record the scene and equipment. Ideally, shots should be taken from each quarter with a
measurement scale appearing in each picture.
Organization of the Accident Investigation
E. When a detailed report is being compiled, all original notes must be kept for possible future reference in court.
F. Log books and tapes should be examined before commencing any interviews.
G. No details should be omitted.
4. Accident check list:
A. Medical history of victim:
(1) Pre-existing disease
(2) Recent illness
(3) Last physical examination
B. Personal history of victim:
(1) Diving experience and training
(2) Previous diving accident/near accident
C. Environment:
(1) Location
(2) Weather
(3) Sea state/water condition
(4) Visibility
(5) Wind
(6) Temperature/topside and at working depth
(7) Hazards - cable, rig legs, underwater obstructions, valve pipes, propellers, tides, currents, water jets, any explosive demolition in the vicinity
D. Dive profile:
(1) History of recent dives.
(2) Depth and duration of dive.
(3) Dive tender or buddy
(4) Ascent rates
(5) Stops and unto
(6) Pre-dive behavior
(7) Food
(8) Alcohol
(9) Drugs
(10)Pre-dive behavior
(11)Events in recovery, resuscitation, therapy, recompression
E. Diving equipment:
(1) Suit and gloves
(2) Mask or helmet
(3) Valves
(4) Weight belt
(5) Gas bottles
(6) Gas mixture and flow rates
(7) Purity of gas
(8) Buoyancy vest
(9) Depth gauge
(10)Cylinder contents
(11)Safety line/umbilical
(12)Knife
F. Timing
(1) Establish a precise chronological order of events.
G. Diving task details.
H. Personnel
(1) Names with respective duties of all involved.

Accident Recording
1. Reporting
A. A detailed description of all occupational injuries and illnesses must be recorded.
2. Retention of records
A. Reports and medical records must be retained for (5) years except where otherwise mandated by law.

Incident Classification & Definitions


1. Work related incident or illness
A. This includes all incidents or illnesses that occur while the employee is on the job. Do not include incidents relating to travel, recreational
activities, or non-job related activities, such as eating. Also do not record non-job related illnesses such as colds, diseases of communicable
nature, insect stings, etc. Marine animal stings, diving-related ear infections, contact dermatitis from job-related chemical, etc., are not counted.
2. Reportable incident
A. The basic guideline for this category is to decide whether the incident required treatment by a licensed physician. If the incident never results in
a medical expense and it is not a bend, then it is clearly non-reportable. If the employee receives treatment from a licensed physician that could
legally have been performed by a nurse or technician, then it is non-reportable. Negative x -rays, eye flushes, and one-time only physiotherapy are
also non-reportable. Stitches, removal of embedded material from eye or wound and a second doctor visit other than for purposes of
examination and release are reportable. Any other circumstances can be determined by referencing the current OSHA recording guidelines for
occupational illnesses and injuries.
Incident Classification & Definitions
3. Hours worked
A. For the purpose of these standards, hours shall be calculated to the following:
(1) Offshore - Man Days x (24) Hours
(2) Inshore - Man Days x Actual Hours Worked
(3) Shop - Man Days x (8) Hours
(4) Office - Man Days x (8) Hours ((40) Hrs/Employee/Wk)
4. Lost time accident or illness (LTA)
A. This is a work related accident or illness that results in an employee being unable to perform any work whatsoever for (24) hours or more, not
counting the day of the incident or the day the employee returns to work.
5. Restricted activity or illness (R/A)
A. This work-related accident or illness that results in an employee being unable to perform the full range of activities to which he was assigned for
that job. The same time considerations for lost time accidents apply in the shop or on the deck in his restricted capacity even though you may
not have work for him, then he can be classified as R/A. OSHA specifies that it is the employers decision as to whether the employee is
workable.
6. Non-disabling accident or illness
A. This is a reportable incident that is not lost time or restricted activity.
7. Bends
A. Pain only bends (Type I)
(1) If treatment is successful and all symptoms are resolved, then the bend is non-reportable. Totals of all type I bends should be displayed in
the type I column of the reporting form, but not included in the total for non-disabling incidents for diving operations and total company.
B. Serious symptom bends (Type II)
(1) If all symptoms are resolved on-site, and no further hyperbaric treatment is necessary, the incident is classified as restricted activity even
though the diver must be examined by a doctor. If further hyperbaric treatment occurs, then the incident is considered lost time.
8. Number of dives
A. Leave surface to reach surface is to be considered (1) dive. Repeat-ups are only (1) dive. Saturation exposures are to be c onsidered as number
of dives equals man days seal to seal.
9. Total recordable incidents
A. This is the sum of all work-related lost time restricted activity and non-disabling incidents.
10. Incident rates
A. The incident rate is calculated for lost time accidents and for total reportable incidents. This is OSHAs method of obtaining a ratio of incidents
per hours worked. It represents the total number of incidents equated to (100) employees working (40) hours per week for a (52) week year.
B. The method of calculation is given by the formula:
(1) Incident rate = Number of incidents x 200,000
Hours Worked
Air Decompression & Treatment Tables
General Instructions for Air Diving

Need for Decompression


A quantity of nitrogen is taken up by the body during every dive. The amount absorbed depends upon the depth of the dive and and the exposure (bottom)
time. If the quantity of the nitrogen dissolved in the body tissues exceeds a certain critical amount, the ascent must be delayed to allow the body tissue to
remove the excess nitrogen. Decompression sickness results from failure to delay the ascent and to allow the process of gradual desaturation. A
specified time at a specific depth for purpose of desaturation is called a decompression stop.

No Decompression Schedules
Dives that are not long or deep enough to require decompression stops are no decompression dives. Dives to 33 or less do not require decompression
stops. As the depth increases, the allowable bottom time for no decompression dives decreases. Five minutes at 190 is the shortest and deepest no
decompression schedule. These dives are affiliated in the No Decompression Limits and Repetitive Group Designation Table for No
Decompression Dives, (No Decompression Table and only require compliance with the 60 per minute rate of ascent.

Schedules That Require Decompression Stops


All dives beyond the limits of the No Decompression Table require decompression stops. These dives are listed in the Navy Standard Air Decompression
Table. Comply exactly with instructions except as modified by surface decompression procedures.

Variations in Rate of Ascent


Ascend from all dives at the rate of 60 per minute. In the event you exceed the 60 per minute rate:
If no decompression stops are required, but the bottom time places you within (10) minutes of a schedule that does require; stop at 10 for the time you
should have taken in ascent at 60 per minute.
If decompression is required; stop 10 below the first listed decompression depth for the time that you should have taken in ascent at 60 per minute.
In the event you are unable to maintain the 60 per minute rate of ascent:
If the delay was within 80 of the bottom; add to the bottom time, the additional time used to ascent. Decompress according to the requirements of the
total bottom time. This is the safer procedure.
If the delay was above 30 from the bottom; increase the first stop by the difference between the time consumed in ascent and the time that should
have been consumed at 60 per minute.

Repetitive Dive Procedure


A dive performed within (12) hours of surfacing from a previous dive is a repetitive dive. The period between dives is the surf ace interval. Excess nitrogen
requires (12) hours to effectively be lost from the body. These tables are designed to protect the diver from the effects of this residual nitrogen. Allow a
minimum surface interval of (10) minutes between all dives. Specific instructions are given for the use of each table in the following order:
The No Decompression Table or the Navy Standard Air Decompression Table gives the repetitive group designation for all schedules which may
precede a repetitive dive
The Surface Interval Credit Table gives credit for the desaturation occurring during the surface interval.
The Repetitive Dive Timetable gives the number of minutes or residual nitrogen time to add to the actual bottom time of the repetitive dive in order to
obtain decompression for the residual nitrogen.
The No Decompression Table or the Navy Standard Air Decompression Table gives the decompression required for the repetitive dive.

U.S. Navy Standard Air Decompression Table

Instructions for Use

Time of decompression stops in the table is in minutes.


Enter the table at the exact or the next greater depth than the maximum depth attained during the dive. Select the listed bottom time that is exactly equal to
or is greater than the bottom time of the dive. Maintain the divers chest as close as possible to each decompression depth for the number of minutes
listed. The rate of ascent between stops is not critical. Commence timing each stop on arrival at the decompression depth and resume ascent when the
specific time has lapsed.

For example - a dive to 82 for (36) minutes. To determine the proper decompression procedure; The next greater depth listed in this table is 90. The next
greater bottom time listed opposite 90 is (40). Stop (7) minutes at 10 in accordance with the 90/40 schedule.

For example - a dive to 100 for (30) minutes. It is known that the depth did not exceed 110. To determine the proper decompression schedule; The exact
depth of 110 is listed. The exact bottom time of (30) minutes is listed opposite the 110 the 110. Decompress according 110/30 schedule unless the dive
was particularly cold or arduous. In that case, go to the 110 /40, the 120/30, or the 120/40 at your own discretion
U.S. Navy Surface Interval Credit Table

Repetitive Group at the End of the Surface Interval


Z O N M L K J I H G F E D C B A

Z 0:10- 0:34 0:48 1:02 1:18 1:38 1:55 2:17 2:42 3:10 3:45 4:29 5:27 6:56 10:05 12:00*
0:22
O 0:10- 0:347 0:51 1:07 1:24 1:43 2:04 2:29 2:59 3:33 4:17 5:16 6:44 9:54 12:00*
0:23

N 0:10- 0:39 0:54 1:11 1:30 1:53 2:18 2:47 3:22 4:04 5:03 6:32 9:43 12:00*
0:24

M 0:10- 0:42 0:59 1:18 1:39 2:05 2:34 3:08 3:52 4:49 6:18 9:28 12:00*
0:25
L 0:10 0:45 1:04 1:25 1:49 2:19 2:53 3:36 4:35 6:02 9:12 12:00*
0:26

K 0:10- 0:49 1:11 1:35 2:03 2:38 3:21 4:19 5:48 8:58 12:00*
0:28
J 0:10- 0:54 1:19 1:47 2:20 3:04 4:02 5;40 8:40 12:00*
0:31

I 0:10- 0:59 1:29 2:02 2:44 3:43 5:12 8:21 12:00*


Instructions for Use 0:33
Surface interval time in the table is in hours and minutes(7:59 H 0:10- 1:06 1:41 2:23 3:20 4:49 7:59 12:00*
means (7) hours and (59) minutes). The service interval must be 0:36
at least 10 minutes.
G 0:10- 1:15 1:59 2:58 4:25 7:35 12:00*
Find the repetitive group designation letter (from the previous dive 0:40
schedule ) on the diagonal slope. Enter the table horizontally to
select the listed surface interval time that is exactly or next greater F 0:10- 1:29 2:28 3:57 7:05 12:00*
than the actual surface interval time. The repetitive group 0:45
designation for the end of the surface is at the head of the vertical
column where the selected surface interval time is listed. For E 0:10- 1:57 3:22 6:32 12:00*
example - a previous was 110 for (30) minutes. The diver 0:524
remains on the surface (1) hour and (30) minutes and wishes to
find the new repetitive group designation: The repetitive group D 0:10- 2:38 5:48 12:00*
from the last column of the 110/30 schedule in the Standard Air 1:09
Decompression Table is J. Enter the surface interval credit C 0:10- 3:30 12:00*
table along the horizontal line labeled J. The (1) hour and (47) 1:39
minute listed surface interval time is next greater than the actual
(1) hour and (30) minutes surface interval time. Therefore, the B 0:10- 12:00*
diver has lost sufficient inert gas to place him in group G (at the 2:10
head of the vertical column selected).
A 0:10-
*NOTE: Dives following surface intervals of more than (12) hours 12:00
are not considered repetitive dives. Actual bottom times in the
Standard Air Decompression Tables may be used in computing
decompression for such dives.
U.S. Navy Repetitive Diving Time Table
Repetitive Dive Depth
Repet 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190
Groups
A 7 6 5 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2
B 17 13 11 9 8 7 7 6 6 6 5 5 4 4 4 4
C 25 21 17 15 13 11 10 10 9 8 7 7 6 6 6 6
D 37 29 24 20 18 16 14 13 12 11 10 9 9 8 8 8
E 49 38 30 26 23 20 18 16 15 13 12 12 11 10 10 10
F 61 47 36 31 28 24 22 20 18 16 15 14 13 13 12 11
G 73 56 44 37 32 29 26 24 21 19 18 17 16 15 14 13
H 87 66 52 43 38 33 30 27 25 22 20 19 18 17 16 15
I 101 76 61 50 43 38 34 31 28 25 23 22 20 19 18 17
J 116 87 70 57 48 43 38 34 32 28 26 24 23 22 20 19
K 138 99 79 64 54 47 43 38 35 31 29 27 26 24 22 21
L 161 111 88 72 61 53 48 42 39 35 32 30 28 26 25 24
M 187 124 97 80 68 58 52 47 43 38 35 32 31 29 27 28
N 213 142 107 87 73 64 57 51 46 40 38 35 33 31 29 28
O 241 160 117 96 80 70 62 55 50 44 40 38 36 34 31 30
Z 257 169 122 100 84 73 64 57 52 46 42 40 37 35 32 31

Instructions for Use

The bottom times listed in this table are called residual nitrogen times and are the times a diver is to consider he has already spent on bottom when he
starts a repetitive dive to a specific depth. They are in minutes.

Enter the table horizontally with the repetitive group designation from Surface Interval Credit Table. The time in each vertical column is the number of
minutes that would be required (at the depth listed at the head of the column) to saturate to the particular group.

For example - the final group designation from the Surface Interval Credit Table, on the basis of a previous dive and surface interval, is H. To plan a dive
to (110)ft, determine the residual nitrogen time for this depth required by the repetitive group designation: Enter this table along the horizontal line labeled
H. The table shows that one must start a dive to (110)ft as though he had already been on the bottom for (27) minutes. This information can be applied to
the Standard Air Decompression Table or No Decompression Table in a manner of ways:

(1) Assuming a diver is going to finish a job and take whatever decompression is required, he must add (27) minutes to his actual bottom time and be
prepared to take decompression according to the (110)ft schedules for the sum or equivalent single dive time.
(2) Assuming one wishes to make a quick inspection dive for the minimum decompression, he will decompress according to the 110/30 schedule for a
dive of (3) minutes or less (27+3=30). For a dive over (3) minutes but less than (13), he will decompress according according to the 110/40 schedule
(27+13=40).
(3) Assuming that one does not want to exceed the 110/50 schedule and the amount of decompression it requires, he will have to start before ascent
before (23) minutes of actual bottom time (50-27=23).
(4) Assuming that a diver has air for approximately (45) minutes bottom time and decompression stops, the possible dives can be computed: A dive of (13)
minutes will require (23) minutes of decompression (110/40 schedule), for a total submerged time of 36 minutes. A dive of (13) to (23) minutes will
require (34) minutes of decompression (110/50 schedule), for a total submerged time of (47) to (57) minutes. Therefore, to be safe, the diver will have
to start ascent before (13) minutes or a standby air source will have to be provided.
U.S. Navy No Decompression Limits
and repetitive group designation table for no decompression dives

Repetitive Groups

No
Depth Decompressio A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O
(ft.) n
Limits
(Min.)

10 - 60 120 210 300


15 - 35 70 110 160 225 350
20 - 25 50 75 100 135 180 240 325
25 - 20 35 55 75 100 125 160 195 245 315
30 - 15 30 45 60 75 95 120 145 170 205 250 310
35 310 5 15 25 40 50 60 80 100 120 140 160 190 220 270 310
40 200 5 15 25 30 40 50 70 80 100 110 130 150 170 200
50 100 - 10 15 25 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
60 60 - 10 15 20 25 30 40 50 55 60
70 50 - 5 10 15 20 30 35 40 45 50
80 40 - 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
90 30 - 5 10 12 15 20 25 30
100 25 - 5 7 10 15 20 22 25
110 20 - - 5 10 13 15 20
120 15 - - 5 10 12 15
130 10 - - 5 8 10
140 10 - - 5 7 10
150 5 - - 5
160 5 - - - 5
170 5 - - - 5
180 5 - - - 5
190 5 - - - 5

Instructions for Use

(1) No Decompression limits


This column shows at various depths greater than (30)ft the allowable diving times (in minutes) which permit surfacing directly at (60)ft a minute with no
decompression stops. Longer ex posure times require the use of the Standard Air Decompression Table.

(2) Repetitive Group Designation Table


The tabulated exposure times (or bottom times) are in minutes. The times at the various depths in each vertical column are the maximum exposures
during which a diver will remain within the group listed at the head of the column.

To find the repetitive group designation at surfacing for dives involving exposures up to and including the no decompression limits: Enter the table on
the exact or next greater depth than that to which exposed and select the listed exposure time exact or next greater then the ac tual exposure time.
The repetitive group designation is indicated by the letter at the head of the vertical column where the selected exposure time is listed.

For example: A dive was to (32)ft for (45) minutes. Enter the table along the (35)ft depth line since it is greater than (32)ft. The table shows that since
group D is left after (40) minutes exposure and group E after (50) minutes, group E (at the head of the column where the (50) minute exposure is
listed)is the proper selection.
Exposure times foe depths less than 40 are listed only up to approximately (5) hours since this is considered to be beyond field requirements for this table.
Required Surface Interval Before Ascent to Altitude
Repetitive
Group
Designator 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10,000

A 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00

B 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 2:11

C 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 3:06 8:26

D 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:09 3:28 7:33 12:52

E 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:51 3:35 6:54 10:59 16:18

F 0:00 0:00 0:00 0:00 1:12 3:40 6:23 9:43 13:47 19:07

G 0:00 0:00 0:00 1:23 3:34 6:02 8:46 12:05 16:10 21:29

H 0:00 0:00 1:31 3:26 5:37 8:05 10:49 14:09 18:13 23:33

I 0:00 1:32 3:20 5:15 7:26 9:54 12:38 15:58 20:02 24:00

J 1:32 3:09 4:57 6:52 9:04 11:32 14:16 17:35 21:39 24:00

K 3:00 4:37 6:25 8:20 10:32 13:00 15:44 19:03 23:07 24:00

L 4:21 5:57 7:46 9:41 11:52 14:20 17:04 20:23 24:00 24:00

M 5:35 7:11 9:00 10:55 13:06 15:34 18:18 21:37 24:00 24:00

N 6:43 8:20 10:08 12:03 14:14 16:42 19:26 22:46 24:00 24:00

O 7:47 9:24 11:12 13:07 15:18 17:46 20:30 23:49 24:00 24:00

Z 8:17 9:54 11:42 13:37 15:49 18:17 21:01 24:00 24:00 24:00

Note 1When using this table, use the highest repetitive group designator obtained in the previous 24-hour period.

Note 2This table may only be used when the maximum altitude is 10,000 ft or less.

Note 3The cabin pressure in commercial aircraft is maintained at a constant value regardless of the actual altitude of the flight. Though cabin pressure
varies somewhat with aircraft type, the nominal value is 8000 ft to compute the required surface interval before flying.

Note 4No surface interval is required before taking a commercial flight if the dive site is at 8000 ft or higher. In this case, flying results in an increase in
atmospheric pressure instead of a decrease.

Note 5No repetitive group is given for air dives with surface decompression on oxygen or air. For these surface decompression dives, enter the standard
air table with the sea level equivalent depth and bottom time of the dive to obtain the appropriate repetitive group designator to be used.

Note 6For ascent to altitude following a non-saturation helium-oxygen dive, wait 12 hours if the dive was a no-decompression dive. Wait 24 hours if the
dive was a decompression dive.
U.S. Navy Standard Air Decompression Table

Depth Bottom Time Time to 1st Stop Decompression Stops Total Ascent Repetitive Group Depth
(ft) (mins) (min:sec) (min:sec) (ft)
50 40 30 20 10
30 0 1:30
40 1:20 7 8:30 J
50 1:20 18 19:30 L
60 1:20 25 26:30 M
70 1:10 7 30 38:30 N
80 1:10 13 40 54:30 N
90 1:10 18 48 67:30 O
100 1:10 21 54 76:30 Z
90 110 1:10 24 61 86:30 Z
90
120 1:10 32 68 101:30 Z
130 1:00 5 36 74 116:30 Z
25 0 1:40
30 1:30 3 4:40 I
40 1:30 15 16:40 K
50 1:20 2 24 27:40 L
60 1:20 9 28 38:40 N
70 1:20 17 39 57:40 O
80 1:20 23 48 72:40 O
90 1:10 3 23 57 84:40 Z
100 100 1:10 7 23 66 97:40 Z
100
110 1:10 10 34 72 117:40 Z
120 1:10 12 41 78 132:40 Z
20 0 1:50
25 1:40 3 4:50 H
30 1:40 7 8:50 J
40 1:30 2 21 24:50 L
50 1:30 8 26 35:50 M
60 1:30 18 36 55:50 N
70 1:20 1 23 48 73:50 O
110 80 1:20 7 23 57 88:50 Z 110
90 1:20 12 30 64 107:50 Z
100 1:20 15 37 72 125:50 Z

15 0 2:00
20 1:50 2 4:00 H
25 1:50 6 8:00 I
30 1:50 14 16:00 J
40 1:40 5 25 32:00 L
50 1:40 15 31 48:00 N
60 1:30 2 22 45 71:00 O
70 1:30 9 23 55 89:00 O
120 80 1:30 15 27 63 107:00 Z
120
90 1:30 19 37 74 132:00 Z
100 1:30 23 45 80 150:00 Z
10 0 2:10
15 2:00 1 3:10 F
20 2:00 4 6:10 H
25 2:00 10 12:10 J
30 1:50 3 18 23:10 M
40 1:50 10 25 37:10 N
50 1:40 3 21 37 63:10 O
60 1:40 9 23 52 86:10 Z
130 70 1:40 16 24 61 103:10 Z
130
80 1:30 3 19 35 72 131:10 Z
90 1:30 8 19 45 80 154:10 Z
U.S. Navy Surface Decompression Table - Air

Depth Bottom Time Time to 1st Stop Time at Water Stops Chamber Stop Total Ascent Depth
(ft) (mins) (min:sec) (min:sec) (ft)
50 40 30 20 10 30 20 10
40 1:20 3 7 15:20
50 1:20 3 18 26:20
60 1:20 3 25 33:20
70 1:10 3 7 30 45:40
80 1:10 13 13 40 71:40
90 1:10 18 18 48 89:40
100 1:10 21 21 54 101:40
110 1:10 24 24 61 114:40
90 120 1:10 32 32 68 137:40
90
130 1:00 5 36 36 74 156:40
40 1:30 3 15 23:30
50 1:20 3 3 24 35:50
60 1:20 3 9 28 45:50
70 1:20 3 17 39 64:50
80 1:20 23 23 48 99:50
90 1:10 3 23 23 57 111:50
100 100 1:10 7 23 23 66 124:50 100
110 1:10 10 34 34 72 155:50
120 1:10 12 41 41 78 177:50
30 1:40 3 7 15:40
40 1:30 3 3 21 33:00
50 1:30 3 8 26 43:00
60 1:30 18 18 36 78:00
70 1:20 1 23 23 48 101:00
80 1:20 7 23 23 57 116:00
110 90 1:20 12 30 30 64 142:00 110
100 1:20 15 37 37 72 167:00
25 1:50 3 6 14:50
30 1:50 3 14 22:50
40 1:40 3 5 25 39:10
50 1:40 15 15 31 67:10
60 1:30 2 22 22 45 97:10
70 1:30 9 23 23 55 116:10
120 80 1:30 15 27 27 63 138:10 120
90 1:30 19 37 37 74 173:10
100 1:30 23 45 45 80 189:10
25 2:00 3 10 19:00
30 1:50 3 3 18 30:20
40 1:50 10 10 25 51:20
50 1:40 3 21 21 37 88:20
60 1:40 9 23 23 52 113:20
70 1:40 16 24 24 61 131:20
130 80 1:30 3 19 35 35 72 170:20 130
90 1:30 8 19 45 45 80 203:20

26
U.S. Navy Surface Decompression Table - Air

Depth Bottom Time Time to 1st Stop Time at Water Stops Chamber Stop Total Ascent Depth
(ft) (mins) (min:sec) (min:sec) (ft)
50 40 30 20 10 30 20 10
20 2:10 3 6 15:10
25 2:00 3 3 14 26:30
30 2:00 5 5 21 37:30
40 1:50 2 16 16 26 66:30
50 1:50 6 24 24 44 104:30
60 1:50 16 23 23 56 124:30
140 70 1:40 4 19 32 32 68 161:30 140
80 1:40 10 23 41 41 79 200:30
20 2:10 3 3 7 19:40
25 2:10 4 4 17 31:40
30 2:10 8 8 24 46:40
40 2:00 5 19 19 33 82:40
50 2:00 12 23 23 51 115:40
60 1:50 3 19 26 26 62 142:40
150 70 1:50 11 19 39 39 75 189:40 150
80 1:40 1 17 19 50 50 84 227:40
20 2:20 3 3 11 23:50
25 2:20 7 7 20 40:50
30 2:10 2 11 11 25 55:50
40 2:10 7 23 23 39 98:50

160 50
60
2:00
2:00
2
9
16
19
23
33
23
33
55
69
125:50
169:50
160
70 1:50 1 17 22 44 44 80 214:50
15 2:30 3 3 5 18:00
20 2:30 4 4 15 30:00
25 2:30 2 7 7 23 46:00
30 2:20 4 13 13 26 63:00
40 2:10 1 10 23 23 45 109:00
50 2:10 5 18 23 23 61 137:00
170 60 2:00 2 15 22 37 37 74 194:00 170
70 2:00 8 17 19 51 51 86 239:00
15 2:40 3 3 6 19:10
20 2:30 1 5 5 17 35:10
25 2:30 3 10 10 24 54:10
30 2:30 6 17 17 27 74:10

180 40
50
2:20
2:10 2
3
9
14
19
23
30
23
30
50
65
120:10
162:10
180
60 2:10 5 16 19 44 44 81 216:10
15 2:50 4 4 7 22:20
20 2:40 2 6 6 20 41:20
25 2:40 5 11 11 25 59:20
30 2:30 1 8 19 19 32 86:20

190 40
50
2:30
2:20 4
8
13
14
22
23
33
23
33
55
72
130:20
184:20
190
60 2:20 10 17 19 50 50 84 237:20
Surface Decompression Table Using Oxygen

Depth Bottom Time Time to 1st Stop Decompression Stops 40ft Chamber Total Decomp Depth
(ft) (mins) (min:sec) Stop (min) (min:sec) (ft)
60 50 40 30
52 2:48 2:48
90 2:48 15 23:48

70 120
150
2:48
2:28
23
31
31:48
39:48
70
180 2:48 39 47:48

40 3:12 3:12
70 3:12 14 23:12
85 3:12 20 29:12
100 3:12 26 35:12

80 115
130
3:12
3:12
31
37
40:12
46:12
80
150 3:12 44 53:12
32 3:36 3:36
60 3:36 14 23:36
70 3:36 20 29:36
80 3:36 25 34:36
90 3:36 30 39:36
100 3:36 34 43:36
90 110 3:36 39 48:36 90
120 3:36 43 52:36
130 3:36 48 57:36
26 4:00 4:00
50 4:00 14 24:00
60 4:00 20 30:00
70 4:00 26 36:00
80 4:00 32 42:00
90 4:00 38 48:00
100 100 4:00 44 54:00 100
110 4:00 49 59:00
120 2:48 3 53 65:48
22 4:24 4:24
40 4:24 12 22:24
50 4:24 19 29:24
60 4:24 26 36:24
70 4:24 33 43:24
80 3:12 1 40 51:12
110 90 3:12 2 46 58:12 110
100 3:12 5 51 66:12
110 3:12 12 54 78:12
18 4:48 4:48
30 4:48 9 19:48
40 4:48 16 28:48
50 4:48 24 34:48
60 3:36 2 32 44:36
70 3:36 4 39 53:36
120 80 3:36 5 48 81:36 120
90 3:12 3 7 51 72:12
100 3:12 6 15 54 86:12
Surface Decompression Table Using Oxygen

Depth Bottom Time Time to 1st Stop Decompression Stops 40ft Chamber Total Decomp Depth
(ft) (mins) (min:sec) Stop (min) (min:sec) (ft)
60 50 40 30
15 5:12 5:12
30 5:12 12 23:12
40 5:12 21 32:12
50 4:00 3 29 43:00
60 4:00 5 37 53:00
70 4:00 7 45 63:00
130 80 3:36 6 7 51 75:36 130
90 3:36 10 12 56 89:36
13 5:36 5:36
25 5:36 11 22:36
30 5:36 15 26:36
35 5:36 20 31:36
40 4:24 2 24 37:24
45 4:24 4 29 44:24
50 4:24 6 33 50:24
55 4:24 7 38 56:24
140 60 4:24 8 43 62:24
140
65 4:00 3 7 48 70:00
70 3:36 2 7 7 51 79:38
11 6:00 6:00
25 6:00 13 25:00
30 6:00 18 30:00
35 4:48 4 23 38:48
40 4:24 3 6 27 48:24
45 4:24 5 7 33 57:24
150 50 4:00 2 5 8 38 66:00 150
55 3:36 2 5 9 4 44 77:36
9 6:24 6:24
20 6:24 11 23:24
25 6:24 16 28:24
30 5:12 2 21 35:12

160 35
40
4:48
4:24 3
4
5
6
8
26
32
48:48
61:24
160
45 4:00 2 4 8 8 38 73:00
7 6:48 6:48
20 6:48 13 25:48
25 6:48 19 31:48
30 5:12 3 5 23 44:12

170 35
40
4:48
4:24 4
4
4
4
8
7
6
29
36
57:48
72:24
170
Treatment of an Unconscious Diver
( Loss of consciousness during or within (24) hours after a dive.)

1. If not breathing, start manual artificial respiration at once.


2. Recompress promptly.
3. Examine for injuries and other abnormalities; apply first aid and other measures as required. (Secure the help of a medical officer as soon as possible.)

Notes

Artificial Respiration
(a) Shift to a mechanical resuscitator if one is available and working properly, but never wait for it. Always start a manual method first.
(b) Continue artificial respiration by some method without interruption until normal breathing resumes or victim is pronounced dead. Continue on way to
chamber and during recompression. (Do not use oxygen deeper than (60)ft in chamber)

Recompression
( c) Remember that an unconscious diver may have air embolism or serious decompression sickness even though some other accidents s eems to explain
his condition
(d) Recompress unless -
(1) Victim regains consciousness and is free of nervous system symptoms before recompression can be started.
(2) Possibility of air embolism or decompression sickness can be rules out without question.
(3) Another lifesaving measure is absolutely required and makes recompression impossible.
(e) Try to reach a recompression chamber no matter how far it is.
(f) Treat according to treatment 3 or 4, depending on response. Remember that early recovery under pressure never rules out the need for adequate
treatment.

General Principles of Diving


Stops Bends - Pain Only Serious Symptoms
Rate of decent - Pain relieved at depths less Pain relieved at depths greater Serious Symptoms include any one of the following:
25 ft per minute than 66 ft. than 66 ft.
1. Unconsciousness
Rate of ascent - Use table 1-A if O2 is not Use table-2 if O2 is not 2. Convulsions
1 minute between stops available. available. 3. Weakness or inability to use arms or legs
4. Air embolism
If pain does not improve within 5. Any visual disturbances
30 min at 165 ft, the case is 6. Dizziness
probably not bends. 7. Loss of speech or hearing
Decompress on table 2 or 2-A.

Symptoms relieved within 30 Symptoms not relieved within


minutes at 165 ft - 30 minutes at
use table 3. 165 ft - use table 4.

Pounds Feet Table-1 Table-1A Table-2 Table-2A Table-3 Table-4


73.4 165 30 (air) 30 (air) 30 (air) 30 to 120 (air)
62.3 140 12 (air) 12 (air) 12 (air) 30 (air)
53.4 120 12 (air 12 (air) 12 (air) 30 (air)
44.5 100 30 (air) 30 (air) 12 (air) 12 (air) 12 (air) 30 (air)
35.6 80 12 (air) 12 (air) 12 (air) 12 (air) 12 (air) 30 (air)
26.7 60 30 (O2) 30 (air) 30 (O2) 30 (air) 30 (O2) or (air) 6hrs (air)
22.3 50 30 (O2) 30 (air) 30 (O2) 30 (air) 30 (O2) or (air) 6hrs (air)
17.8 40 30 (O2) 30 (air) 30 (O2) 30 (air) 30 (O2) or (air) 6hrs (air)
13.4 30 60 (air) 60 (O2) 2hrs (air) 12hrs (air) First 1hr (air)
Then 1hr (O2) or (air)

8.9 20 60 (air) 2hrs (air) 2hrs (air) First 1hr (air)


5 (O2)
Then 1hr (O2) or (air)
5 (O2)
4.5 10 2hrs (air) 4hrs (air) 2hrs (air) First 1hr (air)
Then 1hr (O2) or (air)

Surface 1 min (air) 1 min (air) 1 min (air) 1 min (air)


Notes on Recompression
1. General Conditions
a. Follow treatment tables accurately.
b. Permit no shortening or other alteration of tables except on advice of trained diving medical officer or in extreme emergency
2. Rate of Descent in Chamber
a. Normal rate is (25)ft per minute.
b. Serious symptoms: rapid descent in desirable.
c. If pain increases on descent: stop, resume at a rate tolerated by patient.
3. Treatment Depth
a. Go to full depth indicated by table required.
b. Do not go beyond 165 feet except on decision of medical officer.
4. Examination of Patient
a. If no serious symptoms are evident and pain is not severe, examine thoroughly before treatment.
b. If any serious symptom is noted, do not delay descent for examination or for determining depth of relief.
c. In pain only cases where relief is reported before reaching 66, make sure it is complete before deciding on Table 1.
d. On reaching maximum depth of treatment, examine as completely as possible to detect:
(1) Incomplete relief
(2) Any symptoms overlooked
Note: at the very least, have patient stand and walk length of chamber.
e. Recheck before leaving bottom.
f. Ask patient how he feels before and after coming to each stop and periodically during long stops.
g. Do not let patient sleep through changes of depth or for more than an hour at a time at any stop. (Symptoms can develop or recur during sleep.)
h. Recheck patient before leaving last stop.
5. Patient Getting Worse
a. Never continue to bring a patient up if his condition is worsening.
b. Treat as a recurrence during treatment (see 6).
c. Consider use of helium-oxygen as breathing medium for patient (see 8).
6. Recurrence of Symptoms
a. During treatment:
(1) Take patient to depth of relief (but never to less than (30)ft; and not deeper than (165)ft except on decision of medical officer).
(If recurrence involves serious symptom not previously present, take patient to (165)ft.)
(2) Complete the treatment according to Table 4.
b. Following treatment:
(1) Recompress to depth giving relief.
(2) If depth relief is less than (30)ft:
(a) Take to (30)ft.
(b) Decompress from (30)ft stop according to Table 3.
(3) If relief occurs deeper than (30)ft:
(a) Keep patient at depth of relief for (30) minutes.
(b) Complete remaining stops of Table 3.
Note: If original treatment was on Table 3, use Table 4.
(4) Examine carefully to be sure no serious symptom is present. If the original treatment was on Table 1 or Table 2, appearance of a serious
symptom requires full treatment on Table 3 or Table 4.
7. Use of Oxygen
a. Use oxygen wherever permitted by tables, unless:
(1) Patient has not had oxygen tolerance test, or
(2) Is known to tolerate oxygen poorly
b. Be sure mask fits snugly.
c. Take all precautions against fire.
d. Tend carefully, being alert for symptoms of oxygen poisoning such as:
(1) Twitching
(2) Dizziness
(3) Nausea
(4) Blurring of vision
e. Know what to do in the event of convulsion. Have mouth bit available.
f. If symptoms appear, remove mask at once.
g. If oxygen breathing must be interrupted:
(1) On Table 1, proceed on Table 1-A.
(2) On Table 2, proceed on Table 2-A.
(3) On Table 3, proceed on Table 3 using air.
h. At medical officers discretion, oxygen breathing may be resumed at (40)ft stp. If this is done, complete treatment as follows:
(1) Resuming from Table 1-A: breathe oxygen at (40)ft for (30) minutes and at (30)ft for (1) hours.
(2) Resuming from Table 2-A; breathe oxygen at (40)ft for (30) minutes and at (30)ft for (2) hours.
(3) In both cases, then surface in (5) minutes still breathing oxygen.
(4) Resuming from Table 3: breathe oxygen at (40)ft for (30) minutes and (30)ft for first hour then finish treatment with air.

Most Frequent Errors Related to Treatment

1. Divers failure to report symptoms early.


2. Failure to treat doubtful cases.
Always keep diver close to chamber for at least (6) hours after 3. Failure to treat promptly.
treatment. (Keep him for (24) hours unless very prompt return 4. Failure to recognize serious symptoms.
can be assured) 5. Failure to treat adequately.
Notes on Recompression
8. Use of Helium-Oxygen
a. Helium-oxygen mixtures(ratio about 80:20) can be used instead of air (not in place of oxygen) in all types of treatment and at any depth.
b. Use of helium-oxygen is especially desirable in any patient who:
(1) Has serious symptoms that fail to clear within a short time at (165)ft.
(2) Has recurrence or otherw ise becomes worse at any stage of treatment.
(3) Has any difficulty in breathing.
9. Tenders
a. A qualified tender must be in the chamber:
(1) If patient has had any serious symptom.
(2) Whenever patient is breathing oxygen.
(3) When patient needs unusual observation or care for any reason.
b. Tender must be alert for any change in patient, especially during oxygen breathing
c. Tender must must breathe oxygen if he has been with patient throughout Table 1 or Table 2
Table 1: Breathe oxygen - at (40)ft for (30) minutes.
Table 2: Breathe oxygen - at (30)ft of (1) hour.
d. Tender is in chamber only through oxygen breathing part of Table 1 or 2 gains safety factor by breathing oxygen for (30) minutes at last stop butis
not essential. Tender may breathe oxygen during use of Table 3 or 4 at (40)ft or less.
e. Anyone entering chamber and leaving before completion of treatment must be decompressed according to standard diving tables.
f. Personnel outside must specify and control decompression of anyone leaving chamber and must review all decisions concerning treatment or
decompression made by personnel (including medical officer) inside chamber.
10. Ventilation of Chamber
a. Rule 1
(1) Basic Requirement:
(a) Allow (2) cubic feet per minute per man.
(b) Add (2) cubic feet per minute for each man not at rest (as tender actively taking care of patient).
(2) When using oxygen:
(a) Allow (4) cubic feet of air per man breathing oxygen if this yields larger figure than basic requirements. (Do not add to basic requirement.)
b. Rule 2
(1) Not using oxygen:
(a) Interval (min) Chamber (or lock) volume (cu. ft.)
Basic vent. req. (cu. ft./min)
(2) Using oxygen:
(a) Interval (min) Chamber (or lock) vol. (cu. ft.)
No. of men br. Os x 10
c. Timing of ventilation
(1) Use any convenient interval shorter than maximum from Rule 2.
(2) Continuous steady -rate ventilation is also satisfactory.
d. Volume used at each ventilation
(1) Multiply volume requirement (cu. ft./min.) from Rule 1 by number of minutes since start of last ventilation
e. Use predetermined exhaust valve settings to obtain required volume of ventilation.
11. First Aid
a. First aid measures may be required in addition to recompression. Do not neglect them.
12. Recompression in the Water
a. Recompression without a chamber is difficult and hazardous. Except in grave emergency, seek nearest chamber, even if at considerable
distance.
b. If water decompression must be used and diver is conscious and able to care for himself:
(1) Use deep sea diving rig if available.
(2) Follow treatment tables as closely as possible.
(3) Maintain constant communication.
(4) Have standby diver ready.
c. If diver is unconscious or incapacitated, send another diver with him to control his valves and otherwise assist him.
d. If lightweight diving outfit or scuba must be used, keep at least one diver with patient at all times. Plan carefully for shifting rigs or
cylinders. Have ample number of tenders topside and at intermediate depths.
(1) Take patient to maximum available depth.
(2) Keep him there (30) minutes.
(3) Bring him up according to Table 3 if he can tolerate exposure. ( If patient has been taken beyond (100)ft, do not use stops shorter than those of
Table 2-A.
Diagnosis of Decompression Sickness and Gas Embolism
Decompression Sickness Gas Embolism
Signs & Skin Pain Only CNS Chokes Brain Spinal Cord Pneumo- Mediastinal
Symptoms Damage Damage Thorax Emphysema
Pain - Head

Pain - Back

Pain - Neck
Pain - Chest

Pain - Stomach

Pain - Arms/Legs

Pain - Shoulders

Pain - Hips

Unconsciousness

Shock

Vertigo

Visual Difficulty

Nausea/Vomiting

Hearing Difficulty

Speech Difficulty

Balance Lack
Numbness

Weakness

Strange Sensations

Swollen Neck

Short of Breath

Cyanosis

Skin Changes

Possible Cause
Probable

Confirming Information

Diving History Patient Examination

YES NO YES NO

Decompression Obligation? Does diver feel well?

Decompression Adequate? Does diver look and act normal?

Blow -up? Does diver have normal strength?

Breath-hold? Are divers sensations normal?

Non-pressure Cause? Are divers eyes normal?

Previous Exposure? Are diver reflexes normal?

Is divers pulse rate normal?

Is divers gait normal?

Is divers hearing normal?

Is divers coordination normal?

Is divers balance normal?

Does the diver feel nauseated?


Treatments
Rules for Recompression Treatment
Always
1. Follow the Treatment Tables accurately.
2. Have qualified tender in chamber at all times during recompression.
3. Maintain the normal descent and ascent rates.
4. Examine patient thoroughly at depth of relief or treatment depth.
5. Treat an unconscious patient for gas embolism or serious decompression sickness unless the possibility of such a condition can be ruled out without
question.
6. Use air tables only if oxygen is unavailable.
7. Be alert for oxygen poisoning if oxygen is used.
8. In the event of oxygen convulsion, remove the oxygen mask and keep the patient from harming himself.
9. Maintain oxygen usage within the time and depth limitation.
10. Check patients condition before and after coming to each stop and during long stops.
11. Observe patient for at least (6) hours after treatment for recurrence of symptoms.
12. Maintain accurate timekeeping and recording.
13. Maintain a well stocked medical kit at hand.

Never
1. Permit any shortening or other alteration to the tables except under the direction of a trained Diving Medical Officer.
2. Let patient sleep between depth changes or for more than (1) hour at any (1) stop.
3. Wait for a bag resuscitator. Use mouth-to-mouth immediately if breathing ceases.
4. Break rhythm during resuscitation.
5. Permit the use of oxygen below (60) ft.
6. Fail to report symptoms early (diver).
7. Fail to treat doubtful cases.
8. Allow personnel in the chamber to assume any cramped position which may interfere with complete blood circulation.

Note: The utilization of a He-O2 breathing medium is an option to be considered at the discretion of the cognizant medical officer as determined by the
circumstances of the individual case.
Table 1A
Air Treatment of Pain-Only Decompression Sickness Depth Time Breathing Total Elapsed
100-Foot Treatment (feet) (minutes) Media Time (minutes)
100 30 Air 30
1. Treatment of pain-only decompression sickness when oxygen unavailable
and pain is relieved at a depth less than (66)ft. 80 12 Air 43
2. Descent rate - (25)ft/min.
3. Ascent rate - (1)minutes between stops. 60 30 Air 74
4. Time at (100) ft - includes time from surface. 50 30 Air 105
5. If the piping configuration of the chamber does not allow it to return to
atmospheric pressure from the (10)ft stop in the one minute specified 40 30 Air 136
disregard the additional time required.
30 60 Air 197
20 60 Air 258
10 120 Air 379
0 1 Air 380

Table 2A
Air Treatment of Pain-Only Decompression Sickness Depth Time Breathing Total Elapsed
165ft Treatment (feet) (minutes) Media Time (minutes)
165 30 Air 30
1. Treatment of pain-only decompression sickness when oxygen unavailable
and pain is relieved at a depth greater than (66)ft. 140 12 Air 43
2. Descent rate - (25)ft/min.
120 12 Air 56
3. Ascent rate - (1)minute between stops.
4. Time at (165)ft - includes time from surface. 100 12 Air 69
80 12 Air 82
60 30 Air 113
50 30 Air 144
40 30 Air 175
30 120 Air 296
20 120 Air 417
10 240 Air 658
0 1 Air 659

Table 3
Air Treatment of Serious Decompression Sickness or Depth Time Breathing Total Elapsed
Gas Embolism (feet) (minutes) Media Time (minutes)
165 30 Air 30
1. Treatment of serious symptoms or gas embolism when oxygen unavailable
and symptoms are relieved within (30)minutes at (165)ft. 140 12 Air 43
2. Descent rate - as rapidly as possible.
3. Ascent rate - (1)minute between stops. 120 12 Air 56
4. Time at (165)ft - includes time from surface. 100 12 Air 69
80 12 Air 82
60 30 Air 113
50 30 Air 144
40 30 Air 175
30 720 Air 896
20 120 Air 1017
10 120 Air 1138
0 60 Air 1139
Table 4
Recompression Treatment of Decompression Sickness Depth Time Breathing Total Elapsed
& Gas Embolism Using Air (feet) (minutes) Media Time (minutes)
165 30 to 120 Air 120
1. Use - treatment of serious symptoms or gas embolism when oxygen cannot
be used or when symptoms are not relieved within (30) minutes at (165) ft. 140 30 Air 151
2. Descent rate - as fast as possible.
120 30 Air 182
3. Ascent rate - (1) minute between stops.
4. Time at (165)ft - includes time from the surface. 100 30 Air 213
5. No modification or extension of this table is permitted except by a Diving
Medical Officer. 80 30 Air 244
6. If the piping configuration of the chamber does not allow it to return to
60 360 Air 605
atmospheric pressure f rom the (10)ft stop in the (1)minute specified,
disregard the additional time required. 50 360 Air 966
40 360 Air 1327
30 660 Air 1988
30 60 Oxygen (or air) 2048
20 60 Air 2109
20 60 Oxygen (or air) 2169
10 60 Air 2230
10 60 Oxygen (or air) 2290
0 1 Oxygen 2291

Table 5
Minimal Recompression, Oxygen Breathing Method for
Treatment of Decompression Sickness & Gas Embolism Depth Time Breathing Total Elapsed
(feet) (minutes) Media Time (minutes)
1. Use - treatment of pain-only decompression sickness when oxygen can be
used and symptoms are relieved within (10)minutes at (60)feet. Patient 60 20 Oxygen 20
breathes oxygen from the surface.
60 5 Air 25
2. Descent rate - (25)ft/min
3. Ascent rate - (1)ft/min. Do not compensate for slower ascent rates. 60 20 Oxygen 45
Compensate for faster rates by halting the ascent.
4. Time at (60)ft begins on arrival at (60)ft. 60 to 30 30 Oxygen 75
5. If oxygen breathing must be interrupted, allow (15)minutes after the reaction
has subsided and resume schedule at point of interruption. 30 5 Air 80
6. If oxygen breathing must be interrupted at (60)ft, switch to Table 6 upon
arrival at the (30)ft stop. 30 20 Oxygen 100
7. Tender breathes air throughout. If treatment is a repetitive dive for tender
or tables are lengthened, tender should breathe oxygen during the last 30 5 Air 105
(30)minutes of ascent to the surface.
30 to 0 30 Oxygen 135

Table 6
Oxygen Treatment of Serious Decompression Sickness Depth Time Breathing Total Elapsed
(feet) (minutes) Media Time (minutes)
1. Treatment of serious or pain-only decompression sickness when symptoms
60 20 Oxygen 20
are not relieved within (10)minutes at (60)ft.
2. Descent rate - (25)ft/min. 60 5 Air 25
3. Ascent rate - (1)ft/min. Do not compensate for slower ascent rates.
Compensate for faster ascent rates by halting the ascent. 60 20 Oxygen 45
4. Time at (60)ft - begins on arrival at (60)ft. 60 5 Air 50
5. If oxygen breathing must be interrupted, allow (15)minutes after the reaction
has entirely subsided and resume schedule at point of interruption, 60 20 Oxygen 70
6. Tender breathes air throughout. If treatment is a repetitive dive for tender
or tables are lengthened, tender should breathe oxygen during the last (30) 60 5 Air 75
minutes of ascent to the surface. 60 to 30 30 Oxygen 105
30 15 Air 120
30 60 Oxygen 180
30 15 Air 195
30 60 Oxygen 255
30 to 0 30 Oxygen 285
Notes on Artificial Respiration
1. Start artificial respiration immediately whenever a man is not breathing due to drowning or any other cause.
a. Never wait for mechanical resuscitator.
b. Delay only to stop serious bleeding. (If possible have another person tend to such measures while you start artificial respiration.)
c. Send another person for medical officer or other competent aid.
2. Before starting, remove victim from the cause of his trouble; but do not waste time moving him any farther than necessary.
3. Get on with artificial respiration. Leave details to others or try to get them done quickly between cycles.
a. Recheck position of victim:
(1) On stomach
(2) Head slightly lower than feet if possible, especially in drowning.
(3) Head turned to side, chin pulled toward operator.
(4) Hands under head.
b. Recheck airway:
(1) Remove froth, debris or other material.
(2) See that tongue stays forward; have someone hold it if it draws back (you can run a safety pin through it if necessary).
(3) If artificial respiration does not move any air, there is an obstruction. Strangulation must be overcome.
c. Loosen any tight clothing - collar, belt, etc.
d. Keep victim warm.
e. Check pulse. Combat shock.
4. Continue artificial respiration without interruption. (Minimum time is 4 hours unless revives or is pronouned dead by
medicalofficer.)
a. Do not apply too much back pressure.
b. If you become tired, let another operator take over. Do not break rhythm during shift.
c. Watch carefully for signs of return of natural breathing movements. If they appear, time your movements to assist them.
d. Shift to mechanical resuscitator if one is available, ready and operating properly.
e. If victim starts breathing for himself, watch him carefully. Resume artificial respiration if he stops or if movements become too feeble.
5. If victim revives, continue care.
a. Keep him lying down.
b. Remove wet clothes; keep warm.
c. Give nothing by mouth until fully conscious.
d. Attend to any injuries.
e. Be sure he is seen promptly by medical officer.

NOTE

If victim has been underwater with any kind of breathing apparatus, he may have air embolism. This can seldom be ruled out in an unconscious diver
whether he is breathing or not, and recompression should be given if any doubts exist.
Do not delay artificial respiration. Give it by some method on way to chamber and during recompression

Alternative Methods of Artificial Respiration


The back-pressure, arm-lift method is generally considered best for most purposes. If it cannot be used because of lack of spac e, injuries to the victim, or
having to transport him, use one of the methods described here. All are effective. Use hip-roll (A) if possible, since there is less danger of airway
obstruction and better blood flow to the brain than in the sitting-up methods.All procedures should be performed at 10 - 12 cycles per minute. Most of the
notes and precautions given or the back-pressure, arm-lift method apply. (Clear mouth first.)

Hip-Roll, Back-Pressure Bear-Hug, Arm-Lift

Excellent method. Not too tiring if properly done. Especially valuable in Highly effective where victim cannot be place flat. Could be used in water
cramped space or if victims arms are injured. with floatation gear.

Position: Face victims head. Kneel on one knee - knee well forward of Position: Sit behind victim, arms around chest under his arms.
victims hip and close in to operators forearm. Grip hip bones with both Pressure: Squeeze chest with both arms.
hands. Arm-lift: Raise both arms lifting victims arms.
Roll: Sway toward kneeling side. Keep arms straight. Roll victims hip up Caution: Do everything possible to prevent obstruction; keep tongue forward.
on thigh to elevate the hips off ground. Sway back and let down.
Back Pressure: Shift hands from hips to back just below shoulder blades.
Rock forward and press almost straight down.

Chest-Pressure, Arm-Lift Mouth -to - Mouth

Effective; usable in very cramped space; permits facing victim. One of the most effective methods. Can be performed almost anywhere and
in any position. Method of choice for infants and young children. Especially
Position: Victim seated, operator kneels straddling his legs. Grasp both valuable in chest injury cases.
wrists.
Pressure: Place victims hands side-by-side on chest. Push. Position: Having cleared mouth, hold victims jaw in jutting out
Arm-lift: Raise victims arms over his head. position with one hand. Close nostrils with other hand. Place your mouth
Caution: Try to prevent obstruction. over his, making good seal. Keep his head tilted back.Inflation: Breathe into
victim with smooth steady action, until definite expansion of chest is noted,
but do not exert much pressure. If he does not inflate readily, airway is
There will be few situations where one of these methods cannot be used, obstructed.Deflation:Remove mouth and allow victim to exhale. If he fails to
but remember that almost any procedure that involves squeezing the chest do so, apply gentle pressure on chest. Check for obstruction. (Operator
or abdomen will remove some air and is worth trying if nothing better can inhales during this phase.)
be done.
First Aid
Proper first aid can make the difference between life and death. Every diver should have a good knowledge of first aid, and Standard First Aid Training
Course should be kept handy wherever diving is done. This table is only a reminder of some vital points.

1. If nature of injury is not certain, check victim over quickly but carefully.
a. Is he breathing?
b. Is he bleeding?
c. Any broken bones?
d. Any sign of head injury?
2. Start artificial respiration if breathing has stopped.
3. Stop bleeding. (If bleeding is very heavy, do this before anything else.)
a. Try direct pressure w ith snug bandage
b. Use pressure points.
c. Apply tourniquet only as last resort.
4. If victim is a diver, consider possible need for immediate recompression.
5. Combat shock.
a. Know its signs:
(1) Paleness
(2) Skin cold and moist
(3) Weak, rapid pulse
(4) Fainting
b. Remember that shock is a serious danger in almost any injury or severe illness. Take steps to prevent or treat it:
(1) Keep victim flat (head slightly lower than rest of body - except with head injury or if this causes trouble breathing).
(2) Keep warm by covering.
(3) Try to calm him; do what you can do to lessen the pain.
(4) If conscious, able to swallow, not vomiting, and with no abdominal injury, give as much shock solution as victim w ill take. (1 teaspoonful table
salt and 1/2 teaspoonful baking soda per quart of water.)
c. If shock is present, give plasma or plasma-substitute intravenously if possible.
6. Take immediate action in poisoning or chemical burns.
a. In poisoning:
(1) If victim is conscious and poison is not a corrosive one, get him to vomit.
(2) Dilute poison in stomach (but give nothing by mouth if unconscious), and repeat vomiting.
(3) Determine nature of poison, give proper antidote.
b. In chemical burns:
(1) Flush with large quantities of water.
(2) Avoid strong neutralizers.
7. Send for medical help, or get victim to hospital or dispensary, in anything but most minor conditions.
a. If another person is present, send him at once for medical assistance.
b. Do not move victim unless you can do it properly.
8. Handle any injured person with care.
a. If victim must be moved, use stretcher (or improvise one). Transfer him to it with as little movement as possible. Use special precautions with
possible back or neck injuries.
b. Split broken bones temporarily on the spot.
9. Cover wounds and burns.
a. Avoid handling; do not try to clean or disinfect (let the doctor do this).
b. Use sterile dressing (or cleanest cloth available) and apply bandage over it.
10. In head injuries:
a. Keep patient lying down and quiet.
b. Secure medical attention even if injury seems slight.
11. In convulsions:
a. Put something soft between teeth.
b. Try to prevent injury, but do not restrain movements.
12. In collapse in hot surroundings:
a. Check for signs of heatstroke
(1) Skin hot and dry
(2) Pulse rapid but full
(3) High body temperature
b. If signs are present:
(1) Get medical assistance
(2) Take immediate steps to lower body temperature
Medical Service Facilities
Indiana

Local Ambulance Service - Dial 911 Dispatch

Deaconess Hospital St. Marys Medical Center Welborn Baptist Hospital


600 Mary Street 3700 Washington Avenue 401 SE Sixth Street
Evansville, IN 47747 Evansville, IN 47750 Evansville, IN
Phone: (812) 426-3405 Phone: (812) 479-4491 Phone: (812) 426-8253

Kentucky

Minor Emergi-Center Owensboro Mercy Health System Western Baptist Hospital


750 Salem Drive 811 E Parrish Avenue 2501 Kentucky Avenue
Owensboro, KY 42303 Owensboro, KY 42303 Paducah, KY
Phone: (502) 926-9999 Phone: (502) 688-2000 Phone: (502) 575-2180

Lourdes Hospital
1530 Lone Oak Road
Paducah, KY
Phone: (502) 444-2444

Illinois

St. Marys Hospital Decatur Memorial Hospital


1800 E Lake Shore Drive 2300 N Edward Street
Decatur, IL 62521 Decatur, IL 62521
Phone: (812) 464-2973 Phone: (812) 876-8121

Louisiana

Hotel Dieu Hospital Jo Ellen Smith Memorial Hospital Acadian Ambulance Service
2021 Perdido 4444 General Meyer Avenue (Med-Evac Helicopter)
New Orleans. LA New Orleans, LA Phone: (800) 252-5522
Phone: (504) 588-3000 Phone: (504) 363-7011

Mercy Hospital Methodist Hospital Baptist Hospital


301 N Jefferson Davis Pkwy 5620 Read Blvd 2700 Napoleon Avenue
New Orleans, LA New Orleans, LA New Orleans, LA
Phone: (504) 486-7361 Phone: (504) 241-2400 Phone: (504) 899-9311

St. Charles General Hospital St. Claude General Hospital Chalmette General
St. Charles Avenue 3419 St. Claude Avenue 801 Virtue
New Orleans, LA New Orleans, LA Chalmette, LA
Phone: (504) 899-7441 Phone: (504) 944-7931 Phone: (504) 277-7711

Sara Mayo Hospital Touro Infirmary East Ascension General


625 Jackson Avenue 1401 Foucher Worthy Road
New Orleans, LA New Orleans, LA Gonzalas, LA
Phone: (504) 581-1811 Phone: (504) 897-7011 Phone: (504) 344-6701

Oschner Foundation Hospital Prevost Memorial Hospital East Jefferson General


1516 Jefferson Pkwy Evangeline Drive 4200 Houma Blvd
Jefferson, LA Donaldsonville, LA Metairie. LA
Phone: (504) 837-3000 Phone: (504) 387-5923 Phone: (504) 454-7000

St. Bernard General Hospital South Jefferson General Hospital Fairview Hospital
2111 Jackson Blvd 229 Bellemeade Blvd 915 Southeast Blvd
Chalmette, LA Gretna, LA Bayou Vista, LA
Phone: (504) 271-8481 Phone: (504) 392-3131 Phone: (504) 395-6701

West Jefferson General Hospital Acadian Ambulance Service, Inc


4500 11th Street 300 Hopkins Street
Marrero, LA Lafayette, LA
Phone: (504) 347-5511 Phone: (318) 261-1511
Coast Guard
Kentucky
(502) 582-6474
(800) 253-7465

Louisiana
Rescue Station: (504) 589-6225
24 Hour - For entire Gulf Coast

Station Locations:

Lakefront at West End


Euclyd Street, foot of New Orleans
Air Station, Belle Chasse

For general information on Coast Guard related matters, call Group New Orleans, located at the Air Station in Belle Chasse:
(504) 589-7101

Decompression Chambers
Jo Ellen Smith Memorial Hospital Hyperbaric Unit Oceaneering International
New Orleans, LA Morgan City, LA
Phone: (504) 363-7011 Phone: (504) 395-5247

Sante Fe Engineering & Construction SubSea International


Bayou DeLarge, LA New Orleans, LA
Phone: (504) 876-7592 Phone: (504) 523-3617

Taylor Diving & Salvage Company, Inc American Oilfield Divers


Belle Chasse, LA Broussard, LA
Phone: (504) 394-6000 Phone: (318) 234-4590

Martech
Broussard, LA
Phone: (318) 364-3880

Physicians
Joseph R. Serio, M.D. Keith Van Meter, M.D.
Belle Chasse, LA Algiers, LA
Phone: (504) 394-3880 Phone: (504) 363-7655
Bulldog Diving, Inc Dive#:
Rt. 3 Box 480 Date:
Rockport, IN 47635 Job#
(812) 649-5071
Customer:
Vessel:
Location:

Diver: Wind: Bottom:

Stby Diver: Weather: Headgear Used:


Waves:
Timekeeper: Water Temp:
Current:
Tender: Visibility: Severity of Work:

Diver certifies being physically and mentally willing and able to perform dive.

Divers Signature:

Diving Information

End Last Dive: Sur. Int. Rep. Gr. RNT:

L.S. R.B. Depth: Table Used: Rep. Gr.

L.B. Reach Surface:

B.T. +RNT: =TBT: Out of Chamber:

Water Reached Minutes at Time Ascent Divers Depth 40


Depth Stop Left Rate Condition Schedule
1st Stop O2

2nd Srop Air

O2
3rd Stop
Air
4th Stop
O2

Working Information

Work Assigned:

Work Completed:

I hereby certify that the decompression schedule utilized on this dive was known to me prior to the decompression and that the decompression schedule
was adequate and in conformance with current standards. I further certify that I have no symptoms of disbarism or bends and that the decompression
was successful.

Divers Signature: Supervisors Signature:

Date: Date:
Decompression Sickness & Treatment

Divers Name: Supervisor:

Date: Age: Location:

Height: Weight: Depth: Schedule:

Condition During Dive: B/T: Gas%/Air:

Signs & symptoms before treatment:

Start of Symptoms Date: Time:

Location Intensity:

Depth Time of Breathing Elapsed Clock Conditions Name of inside Tender:


Stop Media Time Time & Remarks

R Name of outside Tender:


L

R L.S.
L
Depth of Relief:
R Time of Relief:
L
Reached treatment depth:
R
L
Divers condition after treatment
R
L

R
L

R
Divers Signature:
L

R Supervisors Signature:
L

R
L

R
L

R
L

R
L

R
L

R
L
Supervisors Report of Accident or Occupational Illness

To be filled out by Supervisor and turned in to the Safety Officer or the personnel Department immediately upon injury or occupational illness of
employee regardless of whether medical treatment is required.

Name: Current Address:

Date of Injury or Illness: Time Employee Began Work: Time of Injury or Illness:

Did Employee stop work immediately: If no, date and hour stopped:

If no, explain under next item:

Exact place where accient occurred (permanent platform, dock, boat or barge by name) inland or offshore (area, block number and job number).

Describe in full how accident occurred or illness began. Relate the events which resulted in the injury or occupational disease. Tell what the
injured was doing at the time of the accident. Tell what happened and how it happened. Name any objects or substances involved and tell how
they were involved. Give full details on all factors which led or contributed to the accident or illness.

Witness: Witness:

Date of Medical Treatment: Physician:


Hospital: Gave request for medical attention forms?

Recommedations

Date Supervisor first knew of accident or illness:

Supervisors Signature: Date:


Hazard Communication Program
This program has been prepared to comply with the requirements of the Federal OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1926.59 and to insure that information necessary
for the safe use, handling, and storage of hazardous chemicals is provided to and made available to Bulldog Diving, Inc employees.

This program includes guidelines on identification of chemical hazards and the preparation and proper use of container labels, placards and other types of
warning devices.

1. Chemical Inventory
A. The supervisor maintains an inventory of all known chemicals in use on the worksite. A chemical inventory list is available from a Bulldog Diving,
Inc supervisor/jobsite or office/Bulldog Diving, Inc building, Rockport, Indiana.
B. Hazardous chemicals brought onto the worksite by any source will be included on the hazardous chemicals inventory list.
2. Container Labeling
A. All chemicals on site will be stored in their original or approved containers with proper label attached, except small quantities for immediate use.
Any container not properly labeled should be given to the supervisor for labeling or proper disposal.
B. Workers may dispense chemicals from original container only in small quantities intended for immediate use. Any chemical left after work is
completed must be returned to the original container or notify supervisor for proper handling.
C. No unmarked containers of any size are to be left in the work area unattended.
D. Bulldog Diving, Inc will rely on manufacturer applied labels whenever possible, and will ensure that these labels are maintained. Containers that
are not labeled or on which the manufacturers label has been removed will be relabeled.
E. Bulldog Diving, Inc will ensure that each container is labeled with the identity of the hazardous chemical contained and any appropriate hazard
warnings.
3. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
A. Employees working with hazardous chemicals may request a copy of the material safety data sheet (MSDS). Requests for MSDSs should be
made to the supervisor.
B. MSDS s should be available and standard chemical reference may also be available on the site to provide immediate reference to chemical
safety information.
C. An emergency procedure to gain access to MSDSs information will be established.
4. Employee Training
Employees will be trained to work safely with hazardous chemicals. Employees training will include:
A. Methods that may be used to detect a release of a hazardous chemical in the workplace.
B. Physical and health hazards associated with chemicals.
C. Protective measures to be taken.
D. Safe work practices, emergency responses and use of personal protective equipment.
E. Information on the Hazard Communication Standard, including:
(1) Labeling and warning systems
(2) An explanation of Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
5. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Required PPE is available from a Bulldog Diving, Inc supervisor. Any employee found in violation of PPE requirements may be subject to disciplinary
actions up to and including discharge.
6. Emergency Response
A. Any incident of over exposure or spill of a hazardous chemical/substance must be reported to the supervisor immediately.
B. The supervisor will be responsible for insuring that proper emergency response actions are taken in leak/spill situations.
7. Hazards of Non-Routine Tasks
A. Supervisors will inform employees of any special tasks that may arise which would involve possible exposure to hazardous chemicals.
B. Review of safe work procedures and use of required PPE will be conducted prior to the start of such tasks. Where necessary, areas will be
posted to indicate the nature of the hazard involved.
8. Informing Other Employers
A. Other on-site employers are required to adhere to the provisions of the Hazard Communication Standard.
B. Information on hazardous chemicals known to be present will be exchanged with other employers. Employers will be responsible for providing
necessary information to their employees
C. Other on-site employers will be provided with a copy of Bulldog Diving, Inc hazard communication program.
9. Posting
Bulldog Diving, Inc has posted information for employees at this jobsite on the Hazard Communication Standard. This information can be acquired
from a Bulldog Diving, Inc supervisor/jobsite or the office/Bulldog Diving, Inc building, Rockport, Indiana.
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
Using a MSDS
An MSDS provides information the manufacturer of a chemical considers necessary for you the worker to determine what chemicals are in a product and
what steps to take to protect yourself when using the product.

Although MSDSs from different sources may not look the same, they all contain similar types of information. MSDSs may look difficult, and yes there is a
large amount of technical language and data, but the information you need to identify, understand and work safely with a chemical product is fairly easy to
find.

MSDSs are divided into sections, usually beginning with the chemical and the common name of the product. Besides knowing what the product is called, it
is important to know who the manufacturer is and how to contact them. The manufacturer can answer questions about the product and help if an
emergency arises. You will usually find a phone number for the manufacturer in this section.

An important section to look for is usually called the Health Hazards, which tells you how dangerous the product can be, the type of danger that it
represents and what happens if you are overexposed to this product.

Equally important is the section that deals with First Aid. This section will give you some basic steps to take if you or another person are affected by the
chemicals in this product.

Another section deals with Protective Equipment. Here specific recommendations for safety equipment and procedures are listed. This section tells you
how to protect yourself from exposure when working with or near this product.

By taking the time to read the MSDS, you will find important basic information about the chemical(s) you work with, including:

Product name
What it contains
What happens if the chemical affects you
What First Aid steps to take if exposure occurs
How to protect yourself and work safely with the chemical

Other sections of MSDSs will tell you what the chemical looks, smells and feels like; how to safely handle and store the chemical; what happens to the
chemical in the event of a fire; and what, if any, exposure limits have been set or recommended for the chemical. Under the provisions of the Hazard
Communication Standard, you have the opportunity to review your companys inventory list and copies of MSDSs for chemicals you are working with.

How Chemicals Enter Your Body


In order for a chemical to have any effect on you, you have to come in contact with a chemical in its solid, liquid or gas form.

There are (4) routes of entry or paths a chemical can take.

Breathing (Inhalation)
Chemicals enter through your lungs as you breathe the air around you. Some chemicals can irritate your lungs, nose and throat, like ammonia. Others can
be absorbed into your blood, traveling to and affecting the organs in your body. Prolonged exposure to hazardous substances like asbestos and other solid
fibers can become trapped in your lungs, causing irritation, scarring and damage.

Regardless of the type of chemical you work with, your first line of defense against breathing in hazardous chemicals is to use an approved respirator.

Skin (Absorption)
Although the skin is a very effective barrier to most chemicals, it can be penetrated. Damage to the skin from cuts, scrapes, cracking, dryness or other
conditions, can allow a chemical to enter into the body. Some chemicals can damage the skin on contact, others pass through into the bloodstream. A
group of chemical solvents such as toluene, gasoline and mineral spirits are absorbed easily through the skin. Some pesticides like parathion can easily
pass through the skin, building up poisonous levels in the body.

There are (2) easy steps which will prevent absorption, wearing gloves that are chemical resistant and washing off any chemical that contacts the skin as
soon as possible. When your are washing, make sure you use a product designed for washing skin, and not products like paint thinner, turpentine and
benzene.

Swallowing (Ingestion)
A chemical can enter into your body if you accidentally swallow it or if your food or drink become contaminated. Simply by not washing your hands before
you eat after working with chemicals, eating, smoking or drinking in an area where chemicals are in use, could lead to trouble.

Injection
Like the shot you get from your doctor when you are ill, chemicals can accidentally be injected into your body. If you work around high pressure equipment
of any kind, like compressed air, grease guns, or hydraulic lines, the potential exists for this kind of accident. Be extra cautious around any kind of
pressurized spray
Solvents
A solvent in simple terms is a liquid that dissolves another substance. In construction, we most often see them as cleaners, degreasers, thinners, fuels and
glues.

Solvents are lumped into (3) main types or classes, those containing water (aqueous solvents), like liquids forms of acids, alkalis and detergents, and those
containing carbon (organic solvents), like acetone, toluene and gasoline. The third group contains chlorine (chlorinated solvents), like
methylene-chloride and trichloroethylene.

Solvents can enter into your body in (2) ways, by breathing or by skin contact.

Any solvent you breathe (inhalation) can cause dizziness or headache as it affects your central nervous system. If you continue to breathe the vapors of a
solvent, you could develop nose, throat, eye and/or lung irritation and even damage the liver, blood, kidneys and/or digestive system.

Solvents can be absorbed into the body by skin contact. Because solvents dissolve oils and greases, contact with skin can dry it out, producing irritation,
cracking and rashes. Once a solvent penetrates the skin it enters the bloodstream and can attack the central nervous system and body organs.

Like all chemicals, the effect on you will depend on a number of factors; how toxic it is, exposure time, your bodys sensitivity and how concentrated the
solvent is.

You can protect yourself from solvent hazards by following these simple rules:

1. Know what chemicals you are working with.


2. Use protective equipment like gloves, safety glasses, and proper respirators recommended for that chemical.
3. Be sure your work area has proper ventilation.
4. Avoid skin contact with solvents.
5. Wash with large amounts of soap and water if skin contact occurs.
6. If a solvent should get into your eyes, flush with water for (15) minutes and get medical attention.

Acids/Bases/Alkali
Acids and bases (caustics) can easily damage skin and eyes. How serious the damage depends on how strong the chemical is, length of contact and the
actions taken.

Acids and bases can be liquids, solid granules, powders, vapors or gases. A few commonly used acids include: sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, muriatic
acid and nitric acid. Some common bases (caustics) are lye (sodium hydroxide) and potash (potassium hydroxide).

Both acids and bases can be corrosive, causing damage to whatever they come in contact with. The more concentrated the chemical the more dangerous
it can be. Vinegar is a mild form of acetic acid; and as such it can be swallowed or rubbed into the skin with no damage, but a concentrated solution or
acetic acid can cause serious burns.

Each acid reacts differently upon skin contact. Sulfuric acid mixes with water to produce heat. When skin contact is made it reacts with the moisture
causing burns. Hydrofluoric acid may not even be noticed if it is gotten on your skin, but hours later as it is absorbed into the muscle tissue, it causes deep
burns that are very painful. Most acids in a gas or vapor form heat with the moisture in your nose and throat causing irritation and/or damage. Acetic and
nitric acids do not heat with water, the quickly penetrate the lungs causing serious damage.

Bases as a class of chemicals feel slippery or soapy. Concentrated bases dissolve tissue easily, therefore, causing severe skin damage on contact.
Concentrated caustic gases like ammonia vapors can damage the skin, eyes, nose, mouth and lungs. Even dry powder forms of bases can damage when
you breathe them because the react the moisture in your skin, eyes and respiratory tract.

Cement and mortar are alkali compounds in their wet or dry form. As dust and powder, they cause damage to the skin and eyes by reacting with the
moisture. They can also cause an allergic reaction in people who have become sensitive to them. These compounds are abrasive and can damage the
skin by the sandpaper-like quality they possess.

Always follow these rules when working with acids and bases:

1. Know what chemicals you are working with and how strong they are.
2. Use Personal Protective Equipment as required.
3. In case of skin or eye contact, flush with cool water for at least (15) minutes, but do not rub.
4. Always add acid to water to prevent splatter.
5. Keep acids and bases apart, store separately and clean up spill immediately.
6. Check with your supervisor if you need more information.
Metals
We dont usually think of chemicals when we talk about metals, but the fact is that every time we weld, braze, torch, cut, solder, grind, polish, coat, finish or
drill metals we may be producing dust, fumes and vapors containing that metal.

The metal in dust, fumes and vapors can easily be deposited in the lungs and then into the bloodstream. Although breathing in the dust or fumes of the
metal is the most common way for the metal to get into your body, you could swallow metal particles if you smoke, drink, chew gum or eat in the area where
these compounds are present. Some metals like mercury and certain compounds of lead can be absorbed by the skin.

Common Construction Metals

Cadium

Cadium and its compounds can be toxic. A condition called metal fume fever, with flu-like symptoms can occur when small doses are inhaled. In larger
doses Cadium inhalation can be fatal. Small repetitive doses can cause kidney damage or lead to emphysema. Welding Cadium coated metals is the most
common cause of exposure. Adequate ventilation and an approved respirator will protect you.

Nickel

Exposure to metal dust or fumes containing nickel and nickel compounds can inflame and irritate the skin causing an itching rash. Inhalation of nickel
compounds has been linked to cancer of the lungs and nasal sinuses.

L ead

Lead exists normally in the body, but can easily build to a level that is toxic. Early signs of lead poisoning, fatigue, irritability, headache, cramps, stomach
pain, loss of appetite, are likely to be ignored. Continual buildup can damage the nervous system, brain, kidneys and reproductive system. Soldering pipes,
casting lead seals and repairing piping are common lead procedures; but lead is also found in gasoline, canned food and most city water supplies.

Zinc, Copper, Brass and Magnesium

Fumes, powders and compounds of these metals are sometimes encountered in welding, brazing, cutting and spray metallizing work. Inhalation of these
metals can cause metal fume fever, a flu-like condition with coughing, shortness of breath, fatigue, fever, chills, profuse sweating and chest pains.

Following a few simple procedures will protect you from metal exposure:

1. Know what is in the metals you are working with


2. When dust or fumes are produced, use the appropriate respirator properly
3. Always make sure you have adequate ventilation
4. Pay attention to personal hygiene and housekeeping. Before eating, drinking and smoking, wash your hands and keep your work area separate
from your lunch area.

Training Session on Hazard Communication


I know where the Material Safety Data Sheets for my work are kept.

I understand the safe work procedures and precautions to be taken when working with these products, including the use of
protective equipment and/or apparel.

I know where emergency supplies are kept.

I know where the emergency phone number and Hazard Communication Information is posted.

I am aware that I may review copies of the hazardous chemical list, the companys written program and MSDSs.

Employee Signature:

Date:

Job Location or Name:


Chemical Inventory List
Product Chemical Manufacturer Amount Location MSDS MSDS Class
Name Name Information Ordered On File
Hazard Categories for Common Products
Substance Flammable/ Compressed Synthetic Irritant/ Corrosive
Name Combustible Gas Poison Dust
Hydrochloric Acid x

Inswool x

Kerosene x x x

Lead Dust x x

Lime x x

LP Gas x x

Lubricants x

Lye x x

Magnesium x x x

Mastics/Adhesive x x x

Methanol x x

Methyl Ethyl x x x
Ketone
Mineral Spirits x

Muriatic Acid x

Nickel x x

Nitrogen x x

Paint x x x

Paint Stripper x x x

Pesticides x x

Pipe Joint x x x
Compound
Portland Cement x

Propane x x

Sand/Silica x x

Sealants x x x

Sulfuric Acid x
Hazard Categories for Common Products
Substance Flammable/ Compressed Synthetic Irritant/ Corrosive
Name Combustible Gas Poison Dust
Talc x

Acetylene x x

Acetone x x x

Alcohol Solvents x x

Asbestos x

Babbitt Metal x

Benzene x

Cadium Fumes x

Carbon Dioxide x x x

Carbon Monoxide x x x

Chromium x x x

Cleaners x x

Coal Tar x

Compressed Air x x

Copper Fumes x

Diesel Fuel x x x

Epoxy Resin x x x x

Fiberglass x x

Firebrick x

Formaldehyde x x

Form Oil x

Freon x x x
(refrigerant)
Gasoline x x x

Glass Fibers x

Glues x x
Hazard Categories for Common Products
Substance Flammable/ Compressed Synthetic Irritant/ Corrosive
Name Combustible Gas Poison Dust
Heptane x x

Hexane x x

Turpentine x x

Varnish x x

Vinyl Chloride x

Waterproofing x x

Water Treatments x

Welding Rods x

Wood Dust x

Wood x
Preservatives
Zinc x
Bloodborne Pathogens Procedures
There are blood-borne diseases, including but not limited to, hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV ), that can be transmitted
through direct contact between the blood of an infected person and the open sores or cuts on your skin or in your mouth. Theses diseases can also be
transmitted through contact with other body fluids such as vomit, feces, urine, saliva, etc.

Although your contact with these body fluids will likely be limited to general First Aid procedures on people you know personally,family members, friends
or co-workers, it is a good idea to make the following procedures common practice. There are some diseases that can go unnoticed, even to the carrier.

To reduce the risk of being infected, when you are in contact with blood, vomit, feces, urine, saliva or any other body fluids, Bulldog Diving, Inc. requires
you to use these procedures when at all possible:

Use latex examination gloves when performing any types of First Aid treatment where blood or other body fluids are involved. When latex gloves are
not available, use something that form a barrier such as, several dressings or a piece of plastic wrap.
If you do come in contact with any body fluids, wash the area as soon as possible.
Section II

Personnel

Policies
&
Requirements
Equal Employment Opportunity
Bulldog Diving, Inc maintains a policy of non-discrimination in all phases of employment and complies in full with all applicable laws. Bulldog Diving, Inc will
continuously monitor its performance in these basic areas and take action where necessary to comply with applicable requirements:

Recruit, advertise, hire, promote, pay, offer benefits, train, refer and discharge without regard to race, color, national origin, sex, age, physical
handicap or any other legally protected classification.
Base all decisions relating to every level of employment solely on the individuals qualifications for the position to be filled.
Administer all personnel actions without regard to race, religion, color, national origin, sex, age, physical handicap or any other legally protected
classification.

If you believe you have been discriminated against under any of the above regulations, you should immediately contact your supervisor or the Equal
Opportunity Commission.

Equal Opportunity Commission


1801 L Street NW
Washington, DC 20507
(800) 669-4000

Diving Personnel Requirements


1. All diving personnel must have:
A. Experience or training necessary to perform assigned tasks in a safe and healthful manner.
B. Experience or training in the following:
(1) Use of tools, equipment and systems relevant to assigned tasks.
(2) Techniques of the assigned diving mode.
(3) Diving operations and emergency procedures.
C. Training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation and first aid (American Red Cross Standard Course or equivalent).
D. Training in diving-related physics and physiology in cases of exposure or control of exposure of others to hyperbaric conditions.
2. Tasks/Assignments
A. All diving personnel are:
(1) Assigned tasks based on his/her experience or training, except that limited additional tasks may be assigned to diving personnel undergoing
training provided that these tasks are performed under the direct supervision of an experienced and qualified individual.
(2) Not exposed to hyperbaric conditions against his/her will, except when necessary to complete decompression or treatment procedures.
(3) Not permitted to dive or be otherwise exposed to hyperbaric conditions for the duration of any temporary physical impairment or condition
which is known of and is likely to adversely affect the safety or health of diving personnel.
3. Designated Diving Supervisor
A. Company operations department will designate a supervisor at each location in charge of all aspects of the diving operation affecting the safety
and health of diving personnel.
B. The designated supervisor must have experience and training in the conduct of the assigned diving operation. Responsibilities
should include:
(1) Job planning
(2) Coordination
(3) Recordkeeping
(4) Proper response to any job-related emergency

Medical Requirements
1. General
A. For persons engaged as divers, or otherwise subjected to hyperbaric conditions, the following medical examinations or equivalent is required:
(1) An initial medical examination, except as provided in Paragraph 2-B.
(2) Annual re-examination.
(3) A re-examination after a diving-related injury or illness as needed to determine his/her fitness to return to diving duty.
2. Physical Examination
A. For persons engaged as divers, or otherwise subjected to hyperbaric conditions, the initial examination and annual re-examination must include
the following:
(1) Work history
(2) The tests required in Table 1 as appropriate
(3) Any tests deemed necessary to establish the presence of any disqualifying conditions listed in Paragraph 5 of this section
(4) Any additional test the physician deems necessary to prepare the written report required by Paragraph 4 of this section
B. If within (1) year, the person has had a comprehensive medical examination comparable to the initial examination specified by this section,
and if results of this examination did not indicate the presence of significant abnormalities affecting the organs, systems or general health of the
person, said examination will be deemed to have satisfied the requirements for the initial examination.
3. Re-examination after injury or illness
A. Any persons engaged as a diver, or otherwise exposed to hyperbaric conditions, must have a medical examination following a known diving -
related injury or illness which requires hospitalization of (72) hours (unless state or local law dictate otherwise) or known decompression sickness
with audio-vestibular or central nervous system dysfunction.
B. The person will not be permitted to return to work as a diver, or otherwise be subjected to hyperbaric conditions until he/she is released by a
physician.
Medical Requirements
4. Physicians written report
A. A written report outlining a persons medical condition and fitness to engage in diving or other hyperbaric activities should be provided by the
examining physician any time a physical examination is required herein. The written report should be accompanied with a completed copy of
the standard physical history/examination form or its equivalent.
5. Disqualifying conditions
A. A person having any of the following conditions as determined by a physicians examination, will be disqualified from engaging in diving or other
hyperbaric activities:
(1) History of seizure disorder other than early childhood febrile convulsions.
(2) Cystic or cavitary disease of the lungs, significant obstructive or restrictive lung disease, or recurrent pneumothorax.
(3) Chronic inability to equalize sinus and middle ear pressure.
(4) Significant central or peripheral nervous system disease.
(5) Significant cardiac abnormalities.
(6) Chronic alcoholism, drug abuse or history of psychosis.
(7) Significant hemoglobinpathies.
(8) Significant malignancies.
(9) Grossly impaired hearing.
(10)Significant ostenecrosis.
(11)Pregnancy.
6. Withdrawal from hyperbaric conditions
A. The basis of the physicians examination will determine whether a persons health will be materially impaired by continued exposure to
hyperbaric conditions. The physician should indicate any limitations or restrictions which would apply to the persons work activities in his/her
written report.
7. Medical recordkeeping
A. An accurate medical record for each person subject to the medical specifications of this section will be established and maintained. The record
will include those physical examinations herein including physical history/examination forms and the physicians written reports .
B. The medical record will be maintained for a minimum of (5) years from the date of the last hyperbaric exposure unless otherwise prescribed by
law.

Table 1
Medical Tests for Diving
Test Initial Periodic Comments

History & Physical Include predisposition to unconsciousness, vomiting, cardiac arrest,


X X impairment of oxygen transport, serious blood loss, or anything which in
the opinion of the examining physician will interfere with effective
underwater work.
Chest X-Ray X X PA (Projection: 14 x 17 minimum)

Bone & Joint X-Ray Survey X Required initially and as medically indicated.

EKG: Standard (12 L) X Required initially to establish baseline, annually after age 35, and as
medically indicated.
EKG: Stress Required only as medically indicated.

Pulmonary Function X X Do

Audiogram X X Threshold audiogram by pure tone audiometry; bone conduction


audiogram as medically indicated.
EEG Required only as medically indicated.

Visual Acuity X Required initially and as medically indicated.


Color Blindness X Required Initially.

Hematocrit, Hemoglobin, X X
White blood Count
Routine Urinalysis X X
Ethics & Personal Conduct
Policy
Bulldog Diving, Inc expects all employees to avoid activities that create conflicts of interest with their responsibilities to this company. Each employee has
an obligation to refrain from activities which conflict or interfere with company operations or with others with whom the company does business.

Conflicts of interest include, but are not limited to:


1. Outside employment - such as with a competitor or supplier.
2. Outside business interests - such as those under outside employment.
3. Gifts and entertainment - employees shall not accept gifts of more than nominal value from individuals or businesses with which the company does
or seeks to do business with.
4. Legal requirements - employees must not do anything in the conduct of business which would violate any local, state or federal law.
5. Fair competition - all employees will conduct themselves in a fair and ethical manner when dealing with customers and suppliers.
6. Speculation - employees must not speculate in materials, supplies or services produced or purchased by this company.
7. Political activities - employees are encouraged to vote. All support of political candidates must be on employees own time, with no use of company
facilities, and the employee must not represent him/herself as acting on the behalf of the company.

Company Property
No employee will remove company property without written permission from the supervisor responsible for the property in question.
This includes, but is not limited to:
1. Materials, equipment and tools.
2. Property owned by the company or other employees.
3. Confidential literature including technical, sales and quality control documents.
4. Computer disks, tapes and other storage media.
5. Information identified as proprietary or trade secret.

Removing or attempting to remain company property without written permission can be grounds for disciplinary action.

Personal Conduct
1. Employees must take no action or work in any manner that may cause injury to themselves or their fellow employees.
2. Employees must not do anything to interfere with other employees abilities to get their own work out.
3. Employees must treat other employees with courtesy and respect. They should behave toward others as they would prefer others behave toward
them.
4. Fighting is absolutely prohibited, as is roughhousing and horseplay, and is subject to disciplinary action.
5. Abusive language and threatening gestures toward other employees will not be tolerated.
6. Gambling of any kind or bookmaking on company premises is prohibited.
7. Posting or showing obscene drawings or photographs, or using sexually-oriented language is considered sexual harassment and will be dealt with
under the companies sexual harassment policy.

Discipline Policy
When any employee violates a company rule, the supervisor will follow this process:

First Violation
Counsel the employee and issue a verbal warning. Make every effort to determine and resolve the cause of the problem. At the s ame time, state
specifically that the employee is receiving a formal warning. Place a memo in the employees file describing the incident and your actions.

Second Violation
Hold a meeting with the employee at which you explain the nature of the offense and warn the employee that any repetition could lead to suspension or
discharge. Offer to help the employee solve the problem. Issue a written warning of the offense, including a reference to the prior incident. Give one copy
to the employee; place another in the employees file.

Third Violation
Place the employee on suspension without pay for (3) days. Notify the employee that after the suspension he/she will be on probation for (90) days.
During that time the employee will receive extra attention and scrutiny whose main purpose will be to try to solve the employees problems. Warn the
employee, though, that even a single further offense is grounds for immediate discharge.

Fourth Violation
Discharge the employee, observing the procedures in this manual for processing an involuntary termination.

An employee can be discharged at any time, without regard to preceding steps if he/she commits an offense for which discharge is specified as a penalty,
or if , in the supervisors judgment, the employees continued presence would be contrary to the well-being of the company or any of its employees.

Every discharge must be approved by the company president. If that approval is not granted immediately, the supervisor should suspend the employee
pending a decision by the company president.
Disciplinary Offense Descriptions
Level 1
Corrective action is normally the proper response to offenses like these when they are isolated and not part of a continuing pattern:

Excessive absence or lateness


Neglect of company property
Unintentional violations of safety rules
Excessive personal use of the telephone
Use of abusive language

Counsel the employee on the first offense, prepare a formal written warning on the second, suspend the employee or impose probation on the third
offense and discharge on the fourth offense.

Level 2
These offenses are more serious and must be dealt with more firmly and immediately. Typical offenses in this group include:

Drug or alcohol abuse on the job


Conduct which disrupts business activities

A written warning is the normal response to the first offense. In the case of drug or alcohol abuse this should include a referral to an appropriate
treatment agency. Termination is authorized for a second offense.

Level 3
Immediate termination is justified for these offenses:

Theft of company property or that of another employee


Insubordination or refusing to follow orders
Intoxication (including the effects of illegal drugs) during working hours or while representing the company
Deliberate destruction of company property
Deliberate injury to another person
Violating a confidence; unauthorized release of confidential information
Other offenses that, in the supervisors judgment, seriously threaten the well-being of the company or any employee

Termination
Policy
It is the policy of Bulldog Diving, Inc to retain to the extent consistent with company requirements, the services of all employees who perform their duties
efficiently and effectively. However, it may become necessary under certain conditions to terminate employment for the good of the employee and/or
company. The types of terminations that exist are layoff, discharge due to performance, disciplinary discharge, retirement and resignation.

General
The definition of the types of termination are as follows:

Layoff - termination of employment on the initiative of the company under circumstances, normally lack of work, such that the employee is subject
to recall. He/she may be reinstated without loss of seniority if recalled within (1) year of the date of layoff.
Discharge due to performance - termination of employment on the initiative of the company under circumstances generally related to the quality of
the employees performance, whereby the employee is considered unable to meet the requirements of the job. In this case, the employee is not
subject to recall or reinstatement.
Disciplinary discharge - termination of employment on the initiative of the company for reasons of misconduct or willful negligence in the
performance of job duties such that the employee will not be considered for re-employment.
Retirement - termination of active work by the employee at the age or under the conditions set forth in the companys retirement plan, under which
the employee receives retirement pay and may enjoy other benefits.
Resignation - termination on the initiative of the employee. Employees are expected to give no less than (2) weeks notice of resignation. An
employee who resigns will retain no reinstatement or re-employment rights.
Requested Resignation - termination of employment, for cause, on the initiative of the company. Mutual Agreement must be further identified as
either discharge due to performance or discipline purposes of severance pay eligibility. For pay purposes, terminations are effective on the last
day worked, unless otherwise specified by the president.

Guidelines for Discharge Due to Performance


In keeping with the companys concern for all employees, termination of employment on the initiative of the company under the circumstances generally
related to the quality of the employees job performance deserves special consideration. The company would like to insure that every reasonable step has
been taken to help the employee continue in a productive capacity. It is the responsibility of each supervisor to develop the people for him/her. In cases of
unsatisfactory job performance, which may lead to termination of employment, each supervisor should consider the following:

1. Has the employee been made aware of the problem in specific terms?
2. Have the suggestions as to how these problems can be eliminated been put in writing?
3. Has assistance been offered to the employee to help remedy the situation?
4. Has the employee been given a sufficient amount of time and help to remedy the situation? If a situation relates to poor job performance has just
come to a supervisors attention, joint evaluation between the employee and the supervisor is recommended. The supervisor should try to
determine the cause of the problem. Is it lack of experience in the job, education, motivation, the employees personal problems or personal
conflict?
Termination
Once the cause is identified, the employee should be given time, if possible, to remedy the situation. The supervisor should also consider ways to remedy
the situation and to improve the individuals performance.

Other alternatives are:

Changing the employees responsibilities in his/her present job


Reassignment to a different job in the department
Encouraging the employee to bid into an area where his/her chances of success are felt to be better
Changing to a position of lesser responsibility. If, after sufficient time and consideration of the above, the employee does not remedy the situation, the
supervisor should then proceed with the termination of the employee.

Drug & Alcohol Abuse


The purpose of this policy is to protect the health and well-being of Bulldog Diving, Inc and its employees.

The abuse of drugs and alcohol is a serious threat to both the company and its employees. Management and employees are equally responsible for
maintaining a safe and healthy working environment. For that reason, the company has adopted these rules:

1. The possession, use or sale of alcohol, unauthorized or illegal drugs or the misuse of any legal drugs on company premises or while on company
business is prohibited and will constitute grounds for termination.
2. Any employee under the influence of drugs or alcohol which impairs judgment, performance or behavior while on company premises or company
business will be subject to discipline, including termination.
3. The company has a number of jobs that present special safety considerations to employees. These include all activities on and under water. The
company will require that all employees on jobs which involve special safety considerations be tested periodically for the use of drugs. An
employee with positive test results may be disqualified to work in such a job.
4. Each employee is responsible for promptly reporting to company health personnel, any use of prescribed drugs which may affect the employees
judgment, performance or behavior.

The company will establish such procedures as it finds necessary to effectively enforce this policy. That may include a requirement that employees
cooperate in personal or facility searches when there is reason to believe drugs or alcohol are present, when their performance is impaired or when their
behavior is erratic. Refusing to cooperate with these procedures may be cause for disciplinary action, including termination.

The company strongly urges employees to use the community health and counseling facilities for help with alcohol and drug problems. It is each
employees responsibility to seek assistance before the problem affects judgment, performance or behavior.

Sexual Harassment
Policy

Sexual harassment of any kind will not be tolerated in this company. Sexual harassment is defined as a continuing pattern of unwelcome sexual advances
or requests for sexual favors or physical contact of a sexual nature under any of these conditions:

1. When submission to the conduct involves a condition of the individuals employment, either stated or suggested.
2. The individuals submission or refusal is used, or might be used, as the basis of the employment decision which affects the individual.
3. The conduct unreasonably interferes with the individuals job performance or creates a work environment that is intimidating, hostile or offensive.

Procedure
Employees are encouraged to take complaints of sexual harassment to their supervisor or, if that supervisor is involved in the accusation, directly to the
President.

All complaints will be investigated fully and fairly, and regardless of the manner in which they are made or the individuals inv olved.

Time Cards
Time cards will be furnished to each employee each pay period. Employees must record the times at which they begin and end work and take lunch and/or
breaks.

No employee may record the time of any other employee or request that another employee record his/her time. Violators will be subject to disciplinary
action.

Paychecks will be calculated according to the hours you record on your time cards. Any hours not recorded will be calculated on the next pay period.
Payroll
Payroll is done on the 1st and 16th of each month. If these dates fall on a non-work day, payroll will be done the following working day. Payroll will be
calculated by each employees timecard. All time must be recorded on your card in order to be paid for it. Exceptions will be made only for those
employees who worked away from the main office.

Paychecks will be placed in your timecard slot no later then 4:00 PM. No employee is to tamper with any other employees check.

Paychecks will not be issued early unless approved by the President.

Advances will not be issued unless approved by the President.

Telephone Use
1. The company maintains its telephone facilities for business purposes. It is recognized that some personal telephone calls are necessary.
Employees are allowed to make reasonable numbers of personal phone calls. They should keep these as brief as possible to avoid interfering with
their normal work or with business use of the telephones.
2. No personal toll calls should be made from company telephones. Charge the call to your home telephone.
3. If a supervisor believes an employee is abusing this privilege, the matter should be processed under the disciplinary system with an informal
warning as the first step.
4. These rules may be waived in the case of an emergency.

Housekeeping
Inthe interest of safety, personal well-being and a pleasant working atmosphere, the company expects that all employees will keep their work areas clean
and neat at all times. Supervisors may assign such clean-up as is necessary to meet the intent of this policy.

Neat working areas also help prevent waste. All employees are expected to take every reasonable step to avoid waste. Everything we use in this business
costs money. The more we save in operating costs, the more resources the company has to improve its competitive position and to offer more and
better-paying jobs.

Smoking
Smoking is allowed only in places where it is specifically permitted. There will be no smoking in any other areas. No smoking will be allowed in any area
where that practice would create a recognized hazard under the Occupational Safety and Health Act or where, in the supervisors judgment, smoking would
be unsafe.
AIDS
Policy
It is this companys policy to hire, or to continue to employ, individuals who have AIDS or are suspected of having AIDS as long as they are able to meet the
normal standards of performance for their jobs. The companys intent will be to provide maximum employment opportunities to AIDS victims while
preserving the safety and morale of all other employees.

Standards for Existing Employees


A victim of AIDS or any of its preliminary or related stages will be treated exactly as any other employee who suffers from a serious illness. All medical
benefits will be available as provided in the companys medical insurance plan, and all accrued sick leave will be available on the conditions normally
applied to all employees.

An AIDS victim will also be treated as a handicapped employee. If, except for the handicap, the employee is otherwise qualified to perform the job, the
company will make every reasonable accommodation to the handicap.

No AIDS victim who remains qualified to do his/her job will be denied continued employment. If the employee is no longer able to perform, the company will
make every reasonable effort to transfer the employee to a position that is within the employees ability. The employee will be terminated only if no such
position is available, but will remain eligible for all leave and health benefits as described above.

No job action will be taken solely because the employee has been diagnosed as having AIDS or a related ailment, or because the employee is considered
to be at high risk of contracting AIDS.

However, if a supervisor should reasonably believe that the continued employment of an AIDS victim entails an unusual risk to other employees, the
employee must be transferred, if possible, or terminated if necessary. Such a decision must be approved by the President and only when a substantial and
unusual risk is demonstrated.

Hiring Practices

No otherwise qualified job applicant shall be denied employment because he/she is believed to suffer from AIDS or a related ailment, or because he/she is
believed to be a high risk for contracting AIDS.

Pre-employment screening will not include any medical tests designed to indicate exposure to AIDS or any questions about the applicants private lifestyle.
All job applicants will be evaluated solely on their qualifications for available openings.
Umbilical Color Code Guidance First Aid Kit Checklist
100 Band-aid Strips - Assorted
Footage Color 1 Roll Adhesive Tape
1 Package Absorbent Cotton
10 1 White 1 Gauze Bandage, 1 x 10 yds.
20 2 White 1 Gauze Bandage, 2 x 10 yds.
30 3 White 1 Elastic Bandage, 3 x 5 yds.
40 4 White 10 Non-Adherent Pads, 2 x 3
50 1 Yellow 4 Oval Eye Patches
60 1 Yellow/1 White 1 Trauma Dressing, 8 x 10
70 1 Yellow/2 White 1 Gel Pack, Burn Dressing Kit
80 1 Yellow/3 White 1 Rescue Airway
90 1 Yellow/4 White 2 One Way CPR Shields
100 1 Red 1 First Aid Cream
150 1 Red/1 Yellow 1 1 1/2 oz. Tube, Triple Antibiotic
200 2 Red 1 Bag type manual resuscitator w/transparent mask & tubing
250 2 Red/1 Yellow 1 Triangular Bandage
300 3 Red 2 Ammonia Inhalants
350 3 Red/1 Yellow 1 Bottle Eye Wash
400 4 Red 20 Aspirin Tablets
450 4 Red/1 Yellow 4 Antiseptic Wipes
500 5 Red 1 Scissors
550 5 Red/1 Yellow 6 Pair Latex Examination Gloves
600 6 Red 1 Cold Pack
1 Tourniquet
1 Tweezers
1 First Aid Booklet
1 Contents Card (inventory)
1 Waterproof Case
4 BioHazard bags

The following items are also recommended when operations are


conducted at a remote site:

1 Bottle Oral Analgesic


1 Tube Benadryl Cream
1 Tube Neosporin Opthalmic Ointment
1 Bottle Insect Repellent
1 Bottle Sudafed Tablets
1 Bottle Robitussin DM cough syrup
1 Bottle Ear Drops
1 Package Alka Seltzer Plus
1 Bottle Antacid Tablets
1 Basic Poison Antidote Kit
1 Bottle Imodium AD
1 Bottle/Tube Sunscreen 15+SPF
1 Bottle Nasal Spray

The First Aid Kit should be inspected and re-supplied


before and after each job.

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