Criminal Procedure
Accused arrested
-method prescribed by law for apprehension and
prosecution of persons accused of criminal offense
-provides punishment in case of conviction
Systems
1. Inquisitorial – initiates from officials and agents
of the law; peace officer
2. Accusatorial – exercised by every citizen
3. Mixed – both
*general rule: our judicial set-up is accusatorial: 2
contending parties appear before the court which
hears them impartially
*importance of due process: court must follow step by
step procedure to ensure that the state will make no
mistake in taking the life and liberty except that of the
guilty.
CRIMINAL JURISDICTION
-authority of the court to hear and try an offense to
impose punishment
VALID EXERCISE: Jurisdiction over
1. SUBJECT MATTER
2. TERRITORY
3. PERSON
*all must concur, otherwise court has no jurisdiction
*final judgment napag-alaman that court has no
jurisdiction, it is not ground to invoke the right against
DOUBLE JEOPARDY; accused can still be tried for the
same offense
*Jurisdiction is conferred by law.
Jurisdiction over the person:
1. Voluntary surrender
2.
3. From fiscal’s discussion: if the accused filed
pleadings; accused is already under the custody
of law
*Jurisdiction determined by the allegations – not by the
findings; imposable penalty ang tinitingnan
*J determined by
1. Geographical limits of the territory and
2. Action it is empowered to decide
*Adherence of J: court will retain J over the case until
the end to the exclusion of other courts
JURISDICTION OF Metorpolitan Trial Courts,
Municipal Trial Courts and Municipal Circuit Trial
Courts
FINE ONLY: Not exceeding 4000, inferior courts has
jurisdiction
-EXEMPTION: reckless imprudence resulting to
damage of property – nagddrive, nabangga ang bahay:
Jurisdiction of MTC – kahit pa 1M ang fine.
IMPRISONMENT and FINE: Fine is IMMATERIAL if the
imposable penalty is below 6 years (prision
correccional). Accessory penalties are also immaterial.
-EXEMPTION: Libel/written defamation (RTC),
election offenses (RTC), intellectual property violations
(RTC), violations of Dangerous Drugs Act (RTC),
-WHY? Because there is an Express jurisdiction
vested by law
*Perjury: not a continuing offense: ex: perjury done in
Ruby’s apartment but was utilize in another place,
jurisdiction will be on the MTC of the place where it
was utlized. BASTA KUNG SAN NA-UTILIZE.
*LIBEL – RTC of the place where it was FIRST
PUBLISHED
-Private person
-2 victims of libel: Geoff ay tagaLipa,
Ruby ay tagaMabini, libel naganap sa UB. Unahan
magfile ng case. Kung san mauna, yun ang may
jurisdiction to the exclusion of others
-Public Official: libel MUST BE IN RELATION TO
HIS PUBLIC OFFICE: 3 choices: workplace OR place first
published OR domicile
* Don’t forget to specify in the INFORMATION the
residence.
REGIONAL TRIAL COURT
1. imposable penalty exceeds 6 years
2. vested by the law
3. also has APPELATE JURISDICTION.
COMPLEX CRIMES: jurisdiction will fall on the court
which can impose the most serious and maximum
penalty.
FAMILY COURTS (RTC): Minor accused is 9-17 years
old.
SANDIGANBAYAN
-Source: RA 8249
A. Violations of RA3019: Anti-graft and Corrupt
Practices Act and Violations of BRIBERY where
the accused are OFFICIALS occupying the ff
positions:
1. The following public officials even though
they are not classifieed as Grade 27:
i. Provincial and LGU officials
ii. Diplomats
iii. Higher-ranking officers Army and
PNP
iv. City prosecutors
v. Officers of GOCCs
2. Members of Congress and officials
classified as Grade 2 and higher
3. Members of judiciary
4. Chairmen and members of Constitutional
Commission
5. All other officials classified as Grade 27
and higher
B. Offenses and felonies, simple or complexed with
other crimes, committed by public officials
mentioned above IN RELATION TO THEIR OFFICE
C. Civil and criminal case filed in relation with EO
1, 2, 14, and 14-A, issued in 1986
-IMPT: Private individuals in conspiracy with those
public officials under the jurisdiction of Sandiganbayan
shall be tried JOINTLY. In other words, Sandiganbayan
din.
-RA 3019 – time of reckoning is the TIME OF
COMMISSION; therefore, jurisdiction is with
SANDIGANBAYAN
-Murder committed by a Grade 27 public official NOT
RELATED TO OFFICE shall be tried under jurisdiction or
regular courts (RTC)
-Sandiganbayan has jurisdiction over cases involving
PCGG. Subjection to review on certiorari by the SC.
-Money Laundering cases committed by private
individuals – RTC; Public officials mentioned –
Sandiganbayan
J of Sandiganbayan vs J of Ombudsman over Public
Officers
-hindi sila magkalaban; concurrent ang authority nila
-Ombudsman’s power to investigate is dependent on
cases cognizable by Sanbdiganbayan
-basta public official, ombudsman can investigate and
prosecutor; if cognizable by Sandiganbayan,
ombudsman MUST investigate. If NOT cognizable by
Sandiganbayan, may shared authority to investigate
and prosecute ang ombudsman and the prosecutor
IMPT: Accomplice follows principal.
Military Courts
-service-connected offenses, jurisdiction of Court
Marshall
-NOT service-connected offenses, either Regular
Courts or Sandiganbayan (in case of high-ranking
officials)
-no jurisdiction over civilians
EXAM QUESTION: With respect to ombudsman, slander
filed against a public officer. Will it interrupt the
running of prescription? (Di ko gets… )
 Baka eto yung question: Slander was filed against a
public official with the Ombudsman. Will it interrupt
the running of prescription? Parang hindi… CALL A
FRIEND.
Ordinarily, prescription will be interrupted upon the
institution of criminal action with the proper officer if
subject to preliminary investigation. The Ombudsman
is the investigating and prosecuting arm of the
Sandiganbayan. Therefore, filing it with the
Ombudsman will bar the running of prescription.
The filing of a criminal complaint with the office of the
Ombudsman also interrupts the period of prescription
of crimes. (Llenes vs. Dicdican)
__
ADDITIONAL NOTES
Continuing Offense vs. Transitory Offense
-Transitory: committed in a moving vehicle or vessel.
*Vehicle: jurisdiction – any city or municipality it
passes where offense is part committed including the
place of departure and arrival
*Vessel: jurisdiction – FIRST PORT ENTRY, or any
city or municipality it passes, and the destination, BUT
NOT the point of origin or departure, subject to
generally accepted principles of international law
-Merchant vessel: follow the English rule. The state
where the boat is registered acquires jurisdiction.
However, if the offense disturbed the security, peace
and order of the place where the offense is committed,
the place will acquire jurisdiction. Also, any city or
municipality it passes AND destination EXCEPT its
point of origin or departure.
Bigamy: 1st marriage with Ruby sa Davao, 2nd
marriage with Ro-ann sa Batangas. Batangas acquires
jurisdiction.
Deposition: written testimony made under oath by a
witness who is unable to testify in person; pwede sa
preliminary investigation provided na wala or malayo
ang witness BUT sa trial court, hindi na pwede.
Kelangan dadalhin ang witness sa RTC. Webb case.
KATARUNGANG PAMBARANGAY (KP)
Geoff’s Notes:
If a case properly cognizable by Katarungang
Pambarangay is directly filed with the Court, will the
Court acquire jurisdiction? YES, but the court cannot
exercise jurisdiction. It must pass first with
Katarungang Pambarangay.
-Nag-away sa workplace, iba’t ibang lugar galing,
kelangan dumaan ng KP ng workplace.
-Kung hindi workplace and school, iba’t ibang domicile,
EXEMPTED sa KP.
-Bugbugan, persons included live on different
barangay but same municipality or city. Complainant
may choose where to file the complaint. Complaint
must be in writing.
-Failure to heed subpoena will lead to a certification
that will bar counterclaim. VERY IMPORTANT!!!!
-KP has jurisdiction over persons living on the same
city or municipality EXCEPT:
1. one party is the gov’t or its subdivision
2. one party is public officer or employee AND
disputes relates to performance of official functions
3. offenses exceeding 1 year or a fine
exceeding 5000
4. offenses where there is no private party
5. disputes involve real properties in diff cities
6. parties reside in diff cities
7. other classes of disputes which the President
may determine in the interest of justice or upon
recommendation of DOJ Sec.
****
REMINDER: If imposable penalty is…
- Below 1 year = must pass through KP
- Above 1 year but below 6 years = MTC
- 6 years and above = RTC
IF FINE ONLY:
5000 below = must pass through KP
- 4000 below = must pass through KP before
going to MTC
- 4001 to 5000 = must pass through KP before
going to RTC
5001 and above = straight to RTC
SUMMARY PROCEEDINGS
Geoff’s Notes:
-complainant must submit affidavits of all witnesses;
otherwise, even if the witness is an eye-witness, he will
not be recognized as such.
-ARRESTO MAYOR (6mos and below): always under
summary proceedings
-All cases covered by Summary Proceedings are under
Katarungang Pambarangay
- The court may immediately dismiss the case if it finds
the evidence insufficient.
-If sufficient, there shall be an arraignment.
-In summary proceedings, the following are prohibited:
a. Motion to Quash: Exemption, if the court has
no jurisdiction
b. Demurrer of Evidence: CALL A FRIEND!!!
-A counsel must file a LEAVE OF COURT
before filing a demurrer of evidence. Otherwise, he
shall be barred to present his evidence.
c. Certiorari of Interlocutory Order
-In summary proceedings, the direct examination of
the parties is based on the information/affidavit filed
by them. “Are all of these correct?” “Yes.”
RULE 110
Preliminary investigation is required if penalty is AT
LEAST 4 years, 2 mos and 1 day.
SEC 1: Institution criminal actions:
1. Preliminary Investigation is required: MUST file
with proper officer. (Proper officer: those
authorized to conduct preliminary investigations
eg prosecutors)
a. Offended party cannot go directly to the
court
b. EXEMPTIONS:
i. if accused is under detention or
custody of the court
ii. accused is invoking habeas corpus
iii. actions with provisional remedies
iv. barred by statues of limitations
(prescription, estoppels, laches)
v. offenses subject to summary
procedure
2. Preliminary Investigation NOT required:
a. complaint of information may be filed
directly MTC and MTCT
b. OR may be filed with the office of
Prosecutor (especially Manila and
chartered cities)
Purpose of preliminary investigation: to determine
whether there is sufficient ground to engender a well-
grounded belief that a crime has been committed and
that the respondent is guilty and should held for trial.
Merely inquisitorial.
Institution of Criminal action – interrupts the running
of the period of prescription of the offense.
Question: Is the filing of a complaint with the KP a
commencement of the institution of a complaint? YES.
For minor offenses or disputes under mediation
conciliation or arbitration, the prescriptive periods for
offenses shall be interrupted upon filing of complaint
with the punong barangay. Provided, that such
interruption shall not exceed 60 days from the filing of
complaint
REMEMBER: Prescription refers only to FELONIES
punishable by RPC (Art 91). For special laws, RA 3326
will apply. Prescription will commence upon
commission.
Art 91 vs RA3326
-Art 91: If accused is outside the country, the
prescription will not run. However, under RA3326, the
prescription will continue to run.
-Since RA 3326 is very explicit about this point, the Art
91 of RPC should NOT be applied as suppletory to the
special law. (Marcelo Case)
SEC 2: Complaint
-writing
-in the name of People of the Philippines
-against all persons who appear to be responsible
*upon discretion of the fiscal; judge cannot force
the fiscal to include another person; BUT the fiscal can
be compelled by WRIT OF MANDAMUS.
SEC 3: Complaint
-sinumpaang salaysay
-Definition: sworn written statement charging a person
with an offense, subscribed by the offended party, any
peace officer, or other public officers
*Complaint Affidavit (Sec1) vs. Complaint (Sec 3)
-Complaint Affidavit (Sec 1) – not in writing, not sworn
etc. may be done orally; filed by the offended party
with the fiscal
-Complaint (Sec 3) – see definition; filed by the fiscal
with the court
Who may file a complaint?
1. Offended party
2. Any peace officer
3. Public officer charged with the enforcement or
execution of the law violated
Commence of criminal prosecution is confined to : (1)
representatives of the government, (2) persons
injured.
-Complaint filed with the court.
BUT filing of complaint with the fiscal for preliminary
investigation may be filed by ANY PERSON.
EXAMPLE: IF the Complaint filed with the fiscal’s office
for preliminary investigation is rape thru violence and
intimidation, but the Information filed with the court
failed to include “thru violence and intimidation”, it is
sufficient if the Preliminary Investigation is attached to
the Information filed with the court.
GENERAL RULE: Criminal prosecution may NOT be
restrained by injuction, preliminary or final. Why?
Public interest requires that criminal acts be
investigated and prosecuted for the protection of
society.
SEC 4: Information
-Definition: an accusation in writing, charging a person
with an offense, subscribed by the prosecutor, filed
with the court.
- does not have to be under oath but must be
subscribed by the fiscal or prosecutor
-if not properly signed, it cannot be cured by silence or
by express consent.
COMPLAINT vs INFORMATION
-Complaint subscribed by offended party
-Information subscribed by the Fiscal
SEC 5: Who must prosecute criminal actions
1. Prosecutor – upon filing complaint / Information
with the court
a. Absent a prosecutor – offended party,
peace officer, or public officer may file.
 However, the right to prosecute will cease
upon availability of a prosecutor.
2. Adultery and Concubinage: offended spouse
3.Seduction, abduction, and acts of lasciviousness –
offended party, then parents, then grandparents, then
guardian, then State
-Minor offended party may file a complaint; will
acquire juridical capacity
4. Defamation imputing offenses mentioned above,
cannot brought except by a complaint filed by the
offended party
Why? Because crimes mentioned above are PRIVATE
CRIMES.
Pardon vs Consent
-Pardon: past adultery/concubinage acts; effected
upon filing of the complaint which results to
discontinuance of the prosecution
-Consent: future adultery acts; if this is present, the
spouses are stopped from filing case against each
other
-Death of offended party in a Criminal case for Libel
does NOT extinguish criminal liability of accused.
-Prosecution is two-fold:
1. prove that a crime has been committed
2. accused is responsible therefore
SEC 6: Included in the complaint / Information:
-name of the accused
-designation of the offense by statues
-acts or omissions complained of as constituting the
offense
-offended party
-approximate time of the commission of the offense
- place where it was committed
Sec 7: Name of the accused: name, surname or
nickname
- If name cannot be ascertained, must
described under a fictitious name with a
statement that true name is unknown
-error in the name of identity should be raised in
arraignment
Sec 8: Designation of the offense
SEC 9: Cause of Accusation
- If there is no designation of the offense,
reference shall be made to the section of the
statute punishing it
- Designation is not controlling, what is
controlling is the recital of facts
- Must contain the qualifying and aggravating
circumstances; Also mitigating.
- Example: “Minority” is not enough; Age
should be alleged.
- People vs Perreras: The qualifying and
aggravating circumstances cannot be
appreciated even if proved unless alleged in
the information
-Habitual Delinquency should not be generally averred.
Information must specify commission of crime, last
conviction or released, and other previous conviction
or release.
Complex Crime: If evidence fails to support the charge
as to one of the component offense, defendant can be
convicted of defense proven.
SEC 10: Place of Commission
-Transitory vs. Continuing Crimes
SEC 11: Date of Commission of the Offense
-not necessary that actual date is alleged UNLESS date
is a necessary ingredient
-Examples: Crime was committed on 1964 but was
alleged as committed on 1965  May be amended.
Basta wag masyado malayo.
-If sobrang malayo, the proper remedy is Motion to
Quash but it must be filed before arraignment.
-Crimes where time is essential:
1.INFANTICIDE
2.Violations of Sunday Statues (Election Laws)
3. ABORTION
SEC 12: Name of offended party
a. Offense against property: if offend party is
unknown, property must be described
b. If offended party is already known, his name
must be inserted in the complaint
c. If offended party is a juridical person: stating the
name by which it is known is sufficient
-Name of offended party is indispensable in the crime
of slander, and robbery with homicide
SEC 13: Duplicity of Offense
-Complaint or Information must charge only ONE
offense
-EXCEPT when law provides a single punishment for
various offenses (e.g. Complex Crimes and Special
Complex Crimes)
SEC 14: Amendment and Substitution
-Amendment may be done before accused entered a
plea.
-Once accused entered a plea, amendment can only
be done WITH LEAVE OF COURT and when it can be
done without causing prejudice to rights of accused
-Kinds of Amendment
1. FORMAL - additional precision, something
already contained in original information; adds nothing
essential for conviction
2. SUBSTANTIAL
AMENDMENT vs. SUBSTITUION
-Amendment does not need preliminary investigation
while substation needs a new one
-Amendment involves formal and substantial changes
while substation involves a substantial change from
original charge
-A can be effected without leave of court while in S,
leave of court is necessary because original
information has to be dismissed.
-A refers to same offense while in S, new information
involves different offense
*Information cannot be downgraded or cannot exclude
an accused, without leave of court with notice to the
offended party. It can be made only upon Motion by
the prosecutor.
*Court must state reasons in resolving the reason
(whether it granted or not).
*Sec 14 applies only to ORIGINAL CASE not appealed
case.
SEC 15: Place where action is instituted
 a. Jurisdiction over territory – court of city or
municipality where the offense or necessary
ingredients thereof were committed
b. Transitory Crimes - Vehicles
c. Transitory Crimes - Vessels
d. Crimes outside Philippines but punishable by Art
2 of RPC shall cognizable by the court where it is
first filed
-Court has no jurisdiction to try offense committed
outside its jurisdiction.
-Kidnapping with Serious Illegal Detention is a
continuing crime when the deprivation of liberty is
persistent and continuing from one place to another. It
may be tried at the place where the essential
ingredients of the crime occurred.
-Estafa, Libel/Written Defamation, Abduction are
continuing offenses.
-Piracy: If the vessel is registered in the Philippines and
the crews are Filipinos, Philippines will acquire
jurisdiction
-BUT if airship or warship of America, jurisdiction
is with America because it is an extension of their
sovereignty
Sec 16: Intervention of the Offended Party in a
Criminal Action
-General Rule: when a criminal action is instituted the
civil action is also instituted.
-EXEMPTIONS:
1) expressly reserved by the offended party
-if he instituted a separate civil action for
damages arising from the offense charged
2) offended party waives the right to institute civil
action
-pardon of a spouse to a adulterous spouse
*Consequence of Reserving and Waving of Civil Action:
private prosecutor can no longer appear because the
private prosecutor represents the private party.
RULE 111
-General Rule: Institution or filing of criminal action
includes the institution of the civil action for recovery
of civil liability arising from the offense charged
-EXCEPTIONS:
1. Reservation of right
s2. Waiver
3. Civil action instituted prior to the institution of
the criminal action
*Primacy of Criminal Action: If the civil action is
instituted before the criminal action, and a criminal
action is subsequently commenced, the pending civil
action shall be SUSPENDED until final judgment of the
criminal action has been rendered.
*EXCEPT if there is a PREJUDICIAL QUESTION arising
from a previously filed civil action that should be
resolved first.
Example: BIGAMY. X and Y got married. X sought for
nullity of marriage due to lack of an essential requisite.
Y contracted a subsequent marriage with A. Y was
charged with bigamy. X and Y’s petition for nullity of
marriage must proceed first because its final judgment
is necessary for the judgment in the criminal
proceedings of Y concerning bigamy.

Where to file petition in relation to prejudicial question:
- Office of the prosecutor or the court where
the criminal action is filed.
DEATH – extinguishes criminal liability but NOT civil
liability.
-If accuse dies after arraignment and during the
pendency of a criminal action, BOTH criminal and civil
liability shall be distinguished. HOWEVER, independent
civil actions may be filed against the estate of the
accused after proper substation (substitution of heirs).
BUT if the accused dies BEFORE arraignment, the case
shall be DISMISSED without prejudice to any civil
action.
RULE 112
Preliminary Investigation
-If there is sufficient cause to hold respondent for trial,
he will be recommended for trial to the court with
proper jurisdiction. Otherwise, the Prosecutor shall
recommend the dismissal of the complaint. But such
dismissal is still subject to review by the provincial or
city Prosecutor or chief state Prosecutor or
Ombudsman on the ground that probable cause exists.
Such review is still subject to the review of DOJ
secretary.
-40 -60 days kelangan tapos na but it is discretionary.
-If the case proceeds and it was found out the there
was no preliminary investigation, the case will be
suspended and the preliminary investigation must be
executed.
-Remedy of the accused that was not given PI:
1. Refuse to enter a plea
2. Insist on a PI
3. File certiorari if refused
4. Raised it as an error on appeal
5. File a petition for prohibition
READ MORE. :D
Rule 113
Sec 1 and 2
-Must be performed with the intent to perform an
arrest
-The person to be arrested must be properly informed
of the arrest. There must be an intent to submit to
such arrest. He must think that submission is
necessary.
-Person making the arrest must be acting under REAL
or PRETENDED legal authority; he is NEVER justified in
making unnecessary force; must not result to
dangerous means.
-Peace officer cannot claim exemption from criminal
liability if he uses unnecessary force or violence even
if he is to arrest a notorious criminal, if the criminal is
not resisting. But if criminal fought back, arresting
officer may apply NECESSARY force.
Sec 3
-the person arrested, during the pendency of the case,
must be detained in jail unless he bailed. Within that
period, he cannot practice his possession.
Sec 4
-Warrant of Arrest VS. Search Warrant
1. SW: validitiy -10 days; WA: valid until arrest is
effected; within 10 days, the officer should report to
the judge as to why he was not able to arrest the
person.
Sec 5: Personal Knowledge of Facts
-must be based on probable cause
LAWFUL WARRANTLESS ARREST:
1. In flagrante delicto: no need for warrant of
arrest because the person to be arrested has
committed, is actually committing, or attempted
to commit an offense IN THE PRESENCE of the
arresting officer.
2. Hot pursuit: When an offense has just been
committed and arresting officer has probable
cause to believe based on personal knowledge
of facts of circumstances that the person to be
arrested has committed it.
a. Probable cause – actual belief of
reasonable ground of suspicion that the
person to be arrested is probably guilty of
committing the offense; based on actual
facts.
-Reasonable suspicion: founded on
probable cause, coupled with good faith on the
part of the officers making the arrest.
b. There must be ample ground to believe
that the accused is the offender. Reliable
information alone will not suffice. There
must overt acts indicating a felonious act
was committed within the view.
c. Personal knowledge of facts base on
information given accused naming his
companions is valid.
i. People vs. Madriaga - co-accused
pointed that his other co-accused
supplied marijauana
ii. Nazareno vs. Station Commander-
suspect pointed Nazareno as his
companion on a felonious act
Where arrest is not valid:
o Pp vs Burgos: Information by the
subject was rejected.
o Pp vs Aminnodin: Tip of an informer is
not valid. Officers did not secure a
warrant of arrest.
o Pp vs Briones: Information based on
disclosure of eyewitness is rejected.
Arresting officers should have gotten a
warrant of arrest.
o Rolito Go vs CA: Arresting officers
should have secured a warrant of
arrest.
** In the case mentioned above, the arresting
officers had sufficient time to secure a warrant
of arrest.
 MOVING VEHICLE: warrantless arrest is valid,
even if the information came from a tip of an
informer. Why? Because there is a sense of
URGENCY.
Arresting officers do not have enough time to
secure a warrant of arrest.
3. Person to be arrested is a prisoner who has
escaped from penal establishment; like a
continuing crime
-“Fruit from a poisonous tree”  evidence acquired
through unlawful warrantless arrest shall be
INADMISSABLE.
-If you don’t have either Warrant of Arrest or Search
Warrant but your arrest is valid, evidence acquired are
INCIDENTAL to a valid arrest, hence ADMISSIBLE.
Sec 6: Time of Arrest: any day, any time
Sec 7: Method of arrest by virtue of warrant: person
being arrested must be informed
Sec 8: Method of arrest without warrant
-Miranda Rights:
1. Person in custody must be informed at the
outset in clear and unequivocal terms that he has a
right to remain silent.
2. After being so informed, he must be told that
anything he says can be used against him in court.
3. He must be clearly informed that he has the
right to consult with a lawyer and to have the lawyer
with him during the interrogation. He does not have to
ask for a lawyer. The investigator should tell him that
he has the right to a counsel at that point.
4. He should be warned that not only he has the
right to consult with a lawyer, but if he is indigent, a
lawyer will be appointed to represent him.
5. Even if the person consents to answer a
question without the assistance of counsel, the
moment his asked for a lawyer at any point in the
investigation, the interrogation must cease until an
attorney is present.
6. If the foregoing protections or warnings are
not demonstrated during the trial, to have been
observed by the prosecution, no evidence obtained as
a result of interrogation can be used against him.
Rule 114 Bail
Sec 4:
Bail as a matter of right
Bail as a matter of discretion
(Geoff, paphotocopy... Hehehe. Antok na… )