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okyfaqmifoGm;&ef&SdNyD; Sky Net rS OD;atmifausmfpdk;\ urf;vSrf;rIaMumifh
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&rnfjzpfaMumif;? umdu k w
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kyf<uif;avmifpmtvGef umYtem*wfpGrf;tif
18-8-2017 &ufaeYrS tquf
xGuf&SdvQyfppf"mwftm;rsm;teufrS b&mZD;vfEdkifiHonf 17 &mcdkifEIef;ESifh
yg&ma*G;EdkifiHonf 75 &mcdkifEIef; cGJa0okH;pGJMuonf/ a&tm;vQyfppfonf
oefY&Sif;NyD; aps;EIef;csdKom xdef;odrf;vnfywfrI vG,fulaomfvnf; tjcm;
wpfzufwiG f BuD;rm;aomobm0ywf0ef;usif xdcu kd rf rI sm;&Sad eonf/ opfawm
rsm;jyKef;wD;jcif;? om;&Jwd& mefrsm; usufpm;&mae&if;a'orsm;ESifh pdkufysKd;
ajrrsm; qkH;IH;jcif;? a&BuD;a&vTrf;rdk;rI'PfcH&jcif; ponfwdkYjzpfonf/ Oyrm-
Three Gorges Dam onf a&0yf{&d,mt&Snf (Fetch) 600 uDvrkd w D m&Sd
a&jrKyf{&d,m (Reservoir Submergence) 1045 pwk&ef; uDvdkrDwm
(403 'or 5 pwk&ef;rdik )f &So d jzifh vlO;D a& 1 'or 4 oef;cefY a&TaU jymif;cH&NyD;
ordik ;f 0iftaqmufttkrH sm; a&epfjrKyfjcif; ponfwYkd BuHKawGU Mu&onf/ ynm
&Sifrsm;\ cefYrSef;csuft& a&avSmifwrHrsm; wnfaqmufrIaMumifh umAGef
xkwfvTwfrIrSm 0.2 kg/kWh ? obm0"mwfaiGUwGif 0.5kg/kWh ESifh
ausmufr;D aoG;wGif 1.0 kg/kWh toD;oD;&SMd uaMumif; avhvmazmfjyxm;
onf/ a&tm;vQyfppfu@onf vuf&SdumhvQyfppf xkwf,lokH;pGJrI\ 16
&mcdik Ef eI ;f &So
d jzifh jyefvnfjynfNh zdK;NrJprG ;f tif a&tm;vQyfppfukd umhEikd if aH ygif;
159 EdkifiHu us,fus,fjyefYjyefYtokH;jyKvsuf&SdaMumif; oufaojyvsuf&Sdyg
onf/ 2050 jynfhESpfta&mufwGif a&tm;vQyfppfu@onf 2000 GW
txd ESpfq wdk;wufvmrnfjzpfaMumif; IEA u cefYrSef;xm;ygonf/
ykH (8) uGefu&pfeH&Hywf yifv,furf;ajca&tdkif (Lagoon) jzifh
'Da& pGrf;tifxkwfvkyfrI
uGef*dkEdkifiH (Congo) \ jrpfacsmif;rsm; uGef&ufonf a&tm;vQyfppf
t&if;tjrpf ayg<u,f0onfjzpf&m EdkifiHokH;pGJEdkifonfhyrmPxuf a&tm;
vQyfppfu@rS vQyfppf 10 qrQxkw, f o l ;Hk pGEJ ikd af Mumif; awG&U &dS onf/ aemfa0
EdkifiH (Norway) \ EdkifiHtESHYpD;qif;aeaom jrpfrsm;rS vuf&SdtcsdefwGif
a&tm;vQyfppfu@taejzifh 98 &mcdkifEIef; xkwf,lokH;pGJvsuf&Sdonf/ odkY&m
wGif t*FvefEdkifiH (England) wGif a&tm;vQyfppfu@rS 3 &mcdkifEIef;ausmf
omvQif xkwf,lokH;pGJEdkifonf/ a&tm;vQyfppfordkif;udk tar&duefEdkifiH
f m*&m a&wHceG f (Niagara Fall, USA) tok;H csvsuf 1880 jynfEh pS w
Edik , f iG f
pwifcJhonf/
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a&tm;vQyfppfjzifh vQyfppfr;D jzefjY zL;ay;cJ&h onf/ a&tm;vQyfppfukd trsKd;tpm;
3 rsKd;cGJjcm;EdkifNyD; yxrtrsKd;tpm;udk a&vTJqnfrsm; (Weirs)? a&wHcg;
wyfa&vTJqnfrsm; (Barrages)? a&tm;edrfhwrHrsm; (Low-head Dams)
ponfjzihf&SdMu&m ,if;wdkYtm;vkH;onf Run-of-the-river Power Plants
"mwftm;ay;pufkHtrsKd;tpm;tjzpfvnf;aumif;? 'kwd, trsKd;tpm; udk
a&avSmifueftrsKd;tpm; "mwftm;ay;pufkH (Reservoir Power Plant)
trsKd;tpm;tjzpfvnf;aumif;? wwd,trsKd;tpm;udk jyefvnfa&pkyfwif
odkavSmifuef "mwftm;ay;pufkHtrsKd;tpm; (Pumped-storage Power
Plant) tjzpfvnf;aumif; owfrSwfxm;Muonf/
yxrESifh 'kwd, trsKd;tpm;rsm;udk trsm;olig xdawGUrI &SdMurnfjzpf
&Si;f vif;&ef vdt k yfrnf r[kwyf g/ wwd,trsKd;tpm;rSm tay:buftjrifyh ikd ;f
a&avSmifuefESifh atmufbuftedrfhydkif; a&avSmifuefESpfrsKd;&SdrnfjzpfNyD;
"mwftm;pepf\ vdt k yfcsut f & tay:buftjrifyh ikd ;f a&avSmifuefrS "mwftm;
xkwfvkyfNyD;aemuf atmufbufa&pkuefwGif odkavSmifxm;&Sda&udk vQyfppf
tokH;jyK0eftm;enf;csdef (Off-peak hours) wGif tay:buftjrifhydkif;&Sd
a&avSmifuefodkY jyefvnfpkyfwifjznfhwif;ay;&onfh pepfjzpfonf/
wpfenf;tm;jzifh Pumped-storage Power Plant onf vQyfppf
odkavSmifjcif; (Energy Store) [k owfrSwfEdkifonf/ a&tm;vQyfppfa&
avSmifwrHBuD;rsm;ESifh Pumped-storage Project rsm; wnfaqmuf&mrS
xGufay:vmonfh "mwftm;ay;pufkHrsm;onf vkyfief;yrmPBuD;rm;onfh
tavsmuf ukeu f sp&dwrf mS vnf; jrifrh m;vSonf/ wnfaqmufru I ek u
f sp&dwf
EIdif;,SOfcsuft& ausmufrD;aoG;okH; "mwftm;ay;pufkH (Coal-fired
Thermal Power Station) onf tqdkyg a&tm;vQyfppf"mwftm;ay;puf
kHrsm;xuf aps;EIe;f oufomaomfvnf; a&tm;vQyfppfpufHrk sm; a&SyU idk ;f wGif
ukefusp&dwfjrifhrm;pGmjzifh wnfaqmufNyD;pD;onfh aemufydkif;wGif vnfywf
armifyg0g
armif;ESifxdef;odrf;rI? "mwftm;c? ukefusp&dwfrsm;onf ausmufrD;aoG;
okH;pufkHrsm;xufomru tjcm;enf;pepfwpfrsKd;rsKd;jzifh wnfaqmufaom
"mwftm;ay; pufrHk sm;xuf rsm;pGmoufomaMumif; Edik if w H umynm&Sirf sm;u
okH;oyfxm;Muonf/
'Da&pGrf;tif (Tidal Energy)
a0vjynfe,f Welsh Bay onf umh'w k ,d tjrifrh m;qk;H 'Da& twuf
tusjzpfay:aom a'ojzpf&m ykH(8) jzifh azmfjyxm;onfhtwdkif; zefwD;
wnfaqmufxm;aom uGeu f &pfe&H yH wf yifv,furf;ajca&tdik f (Artificial
Lagoon) tm; tokH;csvsuf 'Da&pGrf;tifjzifh a'o&Sd aetdrf 155000 udk
vQyfppfrD;jzefYjzL;ay;Edkifonf/ a0vjynfe,f taemufydkif; (West Wales)
a'o&Sd Swansea Bay wGif 'Da&twuftus 11 rDwmcefY&Sdojzifh ,if;
a'otwGuf vdktyfvQyfppfudk xkwfvkyfjzefYjzL;&ef obm0u tajctae
zefw;D ay;xm;onf/ 2015 ckEpS w f iG f uGeu
f &pfe&H yH wf yifv,furf;ajc a&tdik f
udk a&avSmifuef{&d,m 11 'or 5 pwk&ef; uDvrkd w D m (2841 {u) &&Sad p&ef
jrifrh m;aomuGeu f &pfe&H yH wfum&HcNhJ yD; ,if;eH&w H iG f a&ajrmif; (Channel)
16 ck xnfhoGif;yg&Sd&m wpfckvQif 20 r*g0yfpDjzifh tqdkyg yifv,furf;ajc
a&tdkiftwGif;ydkif; a&rsufESmjyifedrfhjrifhrSwfESifh ,if;\tjyifbuf yifv,f
a&rsufESmjyif edrfhjrifhrSwfwdkYudk 'Da&twuftustay: rlwnftvSnfh
tajymif; jyKvkyfjcif;jzifh 'Da&pGrf;tiftokH;jyK vQyfppfxkwf,lonf/
a&tm;vQyfppf enf;pepfopfrsm; xkwfazmfvmrI
a&vIdif;pGrf;tif (Wave Energy)
tjcm;a&tm;enf;pepfwpfrsKd;rSm a&vIdif;pGrf;tif (Wave Energy)
jzpf&m tjrifhzdtm; (High Pressure) ESifh tedrfhzdtm; (Low Pressure)
wdkY\ uGmjcm;rIjrifhrm;csuf? umajrBuD;vnfywfrI (Earth's Rotation)?
yifv,ftwGi;f a&vIid ;f ykrH eS af &Gv
U sm;vIy&f mS ;jcif;ponfw\ Ykd aygif;pyfjzpfxeG ;f rI
[k qdk&ayrnf/ ykH (9) wGif azmfjyxm;onfh rsOf;auG;ykHomef tao;pm;
a&vIdif;pGrf;tifpufkHudk yifv,fwGif aygavmay:aeap&ef csxm; a&vIdif;
0ifa&mufvmrIudk zrf;vsuf Hydraulic Piston rSwpfqifh vQyfppfxkwf,l
&&SdEdkifonf/ a&vIdif;pGrf;tifudk ukef;wGif;ydkif;NrdKU &Gmrsm;ESifh a0;uGm yifv,f
urf;dk;wef;ae vlrItzGJUtpnf;rsm;\ vQyfppfESifh"mwfaiGUvdktyfcsufudk
jznfhqnf;ay;Edkif&ef &nf&G,fonf/
yifv,fa&atmuf a&tm;pufkH O,smOfrsm;
(Watermill Parks Beneath The Sea)
yifv,fa&atmufa&pD;aMumif;ESihf 'Da&pGr;f tm; (Underwater Curr-
yHk(9)Cone-shape tao;pm;a&arsma&vIdif;"mwftm;ay;pufkH
ent and Tidal Power) wdkYonf enf;ynmzGHU NzdK;wdk;wufrIt& u@
opfwpf&yftjzpf ay:xGuv f monfrmS rMumao;yg/ orm;d;k us a&tm;vQyfppf
wrHtaqmufttkHrsm;ESifh vkH;0uGJjym;jcm;em;onfhtavsmuf a&tm;
vQyfppfxkwf,lrI enf;pepfESpfrsKd;udk okawoeynm&Sifrsm;taejzifh ydkrdk
vufawGUusaom enf;ynmzefwD;rIrsm; pOfqufrjywf jyKvkyf&efvdktyf
ygonf/ umESiht f 0ef; a&tm;vQyfppftif*sife, D mrsm;taejzifh yifv,fa&
rsufEmS jyifatmuf a&tm;vQyfppfpufrHk sm; yifv,fMurf;jyifwiG f tkwjf rpfcs
'Da&pGrf;tifudk zrf;,lxdef;csKyf xkwf,lEdkif&ef BuD;rm;aompDrHudef;rsm;udk
yifv,fa&atmuf a&tm;pufkHO,smOfrsm; (Watermill Parks) tjzpf
wnfaqmuftaumiftxnfazmfMurnfjzpfonf/ ykH (10) jzifh azmfjyxm;yg
onf/ pDru H ed ;f azmfaqmifrnfh ukrP rD sm;onf a0;vHacgifzsm;a'o&Sd uRef;pk
yHk(10)yifv,fa&Murf;jyif 'Da&jzihf vnfywfwmbdkifpuf
Akk'[l;? Mo*kwf 23? 2017
rsm;ESihf vuf&'dS ZD ,fqD tok;H jyKvsuf&MdS uaom urf;vGeu f rk P t D zGt
UJ pnf;rsm;
odkY vQyfppf"mwftm; xkwfvkyfjzefYjzL;ay;Edkif&efjzpfonf/ umhyxrOD;qkH;
a&tm;wmbdik pf ufukd paumhwvefEikd if H (Scotland) urf;ajcyifv,fMurf;jyif
wGif csxm;EdkifNyD; 2022 ckESpf wGif 'Da&pGrf;tif pufwyfqiftiftm; 640
r*g0yf xkwf,l&&SdEdkifrnfjzpfonf/
(i) tPkjrLacwfopfqo D Ykd OD;wnfjcif; (Towards A New Atomic Age)
pma&;olonf ]]EsLuvD;,m;pGr;f tifEiS hf jrefrmhvQyfppfa&ScU &D;}} acgif;pOf
jzifh a&;om;cJhaom aqmif;yg;udka&SUydkif;wGif azmfjyNyD;jzpfygonf/ odkYjzpf
EsLuvD;,m;pGr;f tifEiS hf qufpyfvsuf odoifo h xd ukd o f nf[k ,lqaom rdr\ d
waphwapmif;tjrifukd 1945 ckEpS f Mo*kwv f 6 &ufaeYEiS hf 9 &ufaeYrsm;wGif
*syefEdkifiH [Ddk&SD;rm;NrdKUESifh em*gqmuDNrdKUrsm;ay:odkY zsuftm;jyif;EsLuvD;,m;
AkH;BuJcsrIrSonf 1986 ckESpf ,lu&def;jynfe,f Chernobyl EsLuvD;,m;
"mwftm;ay;pufkH aygufuGJrIESifh 2010 jynfhESpf *syefEdkifiH Fukushima
Daiichi EsLuvD;,m;pufkH ,dkpdrfhrIrsm;tqkH; azmfjycJhNyD;jzpfojzifh ,ck
tao;pdwfjyefvnfwifjyjcif; rjyKvdkyg/ odkY&mwGif EsLuvD;,m;pGrf;tifonf
ausmufrD;aoG;okH; "mwftm;ay;pufkHrsm;uJhodkY vlESifhobm0ywf0ef;usif
tay: xdcu kd rf rI &S[
d q
k jkd cif;? zefvtHk rd "f mwfaiGx
U uG &f rdS I r&Sjd cif;? a&tm;vQyfppf
pufkHBuD;rsm;uJhodkY vlrIpD;yGm;b0 BuD;rm;pGmxdcdkufepfemrIr&Sdjcif;wdkY ponfh
*kPfyk'frsm;azmfef;vsuf&SdMuaomfvnf;? rdrdEdkifiH\ vlrIpD;yGm;b0zGHNzdK;
wdk;wufrItajctae? enf;ynm&yfydkif;qdkif&m udkifwG,fajz&Sif;EdkifrI? b@m
aiGaMu;cdkifrmawmifhwif;rI? txl;ojzifh t&m,fBuD;rm;aom EsLuvD;,m;
pGeyYf pfypn;f (Radio-active Nuclear Waste) xde;f odr;f zsufq;D Edik rf I tajc
tae? vQyfppfxkwf,l&&Sd a&G;cs,fEdkifrItcGifhtvrf;rsm; &Sd^r&Sd ponfh tusKd;
yHk(12) Olkiluoto EsLuvD;,m;pufkH(zifvef)
pGefYypfypnf;odkavSmifrI ajratmufOrifvdkPfpepfyHk
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hf jypf uGi;f qufrsm;udk ca&aphwiG ;f us "r"|d mefusus avhvmok;H oyf&ef
vdktyfygonf/ aqmif;yg;wGif pmzwfolrsm; A[kow k &&Sd&eftvdkYiSm ,cif
aqmif;yg;wGif tao;pdwfrazmfjycJhonfrsm;udkom tusOf;csKyfazmfjyyg
onf/
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(A New Element To Replace Uranium)
vuf&SdtPkjrLpGrf;tifum\ EsLuvD;,m;"mwfaygif;zdkrsm;wGif
,la&eD,HowK tpm;xdk; "mwfpifopfrsm;udk &SmazGokawoejyKvkyfcJh&m
Thorium 232 udk Uranium 232 tjzpf ajymif;vJEikd af Mumif; awG&U &dS onf/
um Thorium owKodkufonf avhvmawGU&Sdcsufrsm;t& ,la&eD,H
owKoduk \
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umhvlom;rsm;tm; tusKd;jyKrItwGuf Thorium owKodkufonf tvkH
tavmuf&adS Mumif;ESihf ESpaf ygif;axmifcsD ok;H pGEJ ikd af Mumif; ok;H oyfMuonf/
tm&Swdkuf\ EsLuvD;,m;pGrf;tif&nfrSef;csuf
(Asia's Focus On Nuclear Power)
tdEd,EdkifiHonf umay:wGif Thorium owKodkuf 'kwd, ayg<u,f0
qk;H aom Edik if jH zpfonf/ 1996 ckEpS rf pS okawoejyK EsLuvD;,m; "mwfaygif;
zdkrsm;onf Thorium (Neutron Irradiation) rS ajymif;vJvmaom
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tdEd,EdkifiHonf 30 r*g0yf&Sd "mwfaygif;zdkudk Thorium jzifh vnfywf 60
&mcdkifEIef;vQyfppfudk xkwfvkyfay;rnfjzpfaMumif; azmfjyxm;onf/
a&'D,dkowd<u EsLuvD;,m;pGefYypfypnf; ajratmufodkavSmifjcif;
(Underground Storage Of Radio-active Wastes)
ESpfaygif; 30 cefYtMum avhvmokawoejyKrI rSwfwrf;rsm;t& zifvef
Edik if H taemufyikd ;f (Western Finland) &Sd Olkiluoto Island uRef;ay:wGif
EsLuvD;,m;"mwfaygif;zdkta[mif;ESifh topfpkpkaygif; okH;ckwnfaqmuf
xm;onf/ tqdkyg EsLuvD;,m;"mwftm;ay;pufkHrS a&'D,dkowd<u pGefYypf
ypn;f rsm;udk ajrjyifatmuf 500 rDwmteufwiG f aMu;eDjzifh jyKvkyx f m;aom
odak vSmifuek af owmrsm; (Copper Containers) twGi;f xnfo h iG ;f TUH jzifh
vdik ef ifjyKvkyx f m;onfh OrifvPkd rf sm; (Clay-lined Tunnels) wGif odak vSmif
xm;onf/ tqdkygOrifvdkPfonf wnfNidrfBuHUcdkifaom ESrf;zwfausmuf
(Granite) ausmufom;xkvmT twGi;f azmufvyk &f rnfjzpfonf/ ykH (12) jzifh
azmfjyxm;onf/
(qufvufazmfjyygrnf)
Ak'[l;? Mo*kwf 23? 2017

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