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The overlap issue impacts mobile operators ability to deliver service in urban core areas and
inside of buildings, where broadband users rely on service most. Subscribers opt for UMTS/
HSDPA to gain the benefits of high-speed broadband. Unfortunately, lack of isolation limits
network bandwidth No inIBdensely-populatedareas.
Coverage Partial IB Coverage Full IB Macro Coverage Macro
Signal Attenuation
Quality of Service: Good
Signals at UMTS/HSDPA frequencies attenuate quickly due to their high frequency, making it
a challenge
N1 to penetrateN2buildings. In fact,
N2 buildings N3present several
N3 key challenges
N1 in terms of
High penetration losses as signals pass through building walls they attenuate very quickly,
Cell 1 Cell 2 Cell 3 Cell 4 Cell 5 Cell 6 Cell 7 Cell 8
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High power load per user due to poor signal quality, user devices must operate at maximum
power to maximize
Quality of Service:Good connectivity,
Adequate thereby reducing
Poor mobile batterylife.
Adequate Good
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Macro Macro
Prism Remote
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Host BS
78 GHz link 3-5 km
Prism Remote
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Cell A Cell B UMTS UMTS UMTS UMTS UMTS UMTS
A drain in overall
AntennaUMTS
1 Antennanetwork
2 capacity dense user-communities
DCS DCS
inside
DCS
buildings
DCS
will
DCS
exhaust DCS
much of the macro networks power and capacity for a given area, limiting the ability of mobile
Mast
operators to serve others
Free space isolation in the cell sitevicinity.
on-street
Host BS
50 dB
Base Station Hotel
40 dB
Lack
20 dB of single cell dominance and large soft handover (SHO) zones at the edges of cells most
30 dB Band or sector - 1
Band or sector - 2
urban areas are covered by more than one UMTS cell, so user devices hunt from cell to cell.BandThis
10 dB
or sector - 3
50 m 40 m 30 m 20 m 10 m 0m 10 m 20 m 30 m 40 m 50 m
limits HSDPA performance, degrades network capacity, and limits the business case for mobile
Band or sector - 4
FPO
GSM
operators. When covering indoor users from the macro layer, user devices DCSmay see more than
UMTS
No Deg
Dom rade
inan Cell A d HS Cell A
t DPA
Cell B Cell B
Figure 3: Two adjacent cells are providing high signal levels inside the building,
but the lack of isolation will give relatively slow data service.
The most effective solution for in-building coverage would be an indoor distributed antenna
system (DAS). An in-building DAS would establish one signal source that would be far stronger
than any coming from the macro network, and it could cover every area of a building (including
underground facilities) with equal signal strength. However the cost of outfitting every building
with an in-building DAS can be prohibitive. This is why service providers are exploring the use of
micro cells, which can penetrate buildings if they are close enough to them.
However, while micro cells can raise the signal used to cover outdoor or in-building areas, they
dont solve the isolation problem because of overlapping areas between cells. In the overlapping
areas, the data speed on HSDPA will be reduced, and UMTS mobiles will load the network with
soft handover (SHO) taking up recourses in more cells for the same call.
The key culprits here are SHO loading, which cannibalizes UMTS capacity, and signal-to-noise
ratio (SNR) degradation, which reduces data speeds.
Remote antennas support centralized base station hotels, which reduce CAPEX and OPEX
Simulcast functionality
These features make the Prism product unique in the industry. Its digital transport over fiber,
delivers a very sturdy optical link budget, and the digital transmission enables the system to
adjust the delay of the signals to individual remotes, thus improving cell isolation and the data
performance in the network.
3
Improving Performance with Digital Simulcast
The key to using micro cells without interference issues is to improve isolation between the cells.
By limiting the area in which cells overlap and providing maximum isolation between cells,
we can significantly improved SNR, minimize interference in the network, maximize network
utilization, and improve data performance on both uplink and downlink paths. These problems can
Macro
be solved with better RF network design and with Prism remote heads that support simulcast and
adjustable digital delay features.
To isolate cells, mount the RF nodes back-to-back on the same mast (Figure 5). This creates a
minimum of 50 dB isolation between cells far more than the 7 db found in traditional
macro deployments.
With the isolation provided by this back-to-back antenna configuration, it is possible to deliver
near 100 percent HSDPA coverage using the following advanced performance features:
GSM
Prism Remote
Cell A Cell B UMTS
DCS
Antenna 1 Antenna 2
Free
Mast
Overlap Overlap Overlap Overlap Overlap
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20 dB
10 dB
50 m 40 m 30 m 20 m 10 m 0m 10 m 20 m 30 m 40 m 50 m RNC
Adjustable delay adding one chip (0.26 S) of delay to one of the back-to-back antennasMacro
No IB Coverage Partial IB Coverage Full IB Macro Coverage
Rake Receiver in the mobile and base station A Rake Receiver that can receive as many as three
Quality signals CellisGood
of Service: from the same source, as long as there Areas
more than one chip delay between signals.
Cellmobile
By deploying cells facing inward and simulcasting A operators can significantly improve
outdoor and indoor coverage with minimal SHO Cell B maximum HSDPA performance
load,
N1 N2 N2 N3 N3 N1
(increasing it from approximately 15 percent utilization to 98 percent utilization), higher capacity,
and higher revenues. The impact on in-building deployments is shown in Figure 6.
No
Dom
New Architecture for New Challenges
inan
t
Full IB Coverage Street DAS and Macro
Node Location
Cell A
Cell B Ce
Macro Macro
Prism Remote
Prism Remote
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4
Antenna 1 Antenna 2
Free Free Free Free Free Free
Mast
Host
RNC
Wireless service providers must find ways to optimize high performance UMTS/HSDPA
broadband service to fully maximize their investments and deliver the quality of service users
demand. Success will require new architecture thinking that goes beyond traditional macro cell
and micro cell coverage. This architecture using remote RF nodes provides high isolation between
cells, limits cell overlap, delivers the highest data rates, and optimizes network utilization to
deliver best-in-class performance for a more profitable business.
N1 N2 N2 N3 N3 N1
Macro Macro
78 GHz
MMW Link, ra
Prism Remote
Prism Remote
Prism Remote
Prism Remote
Cell A Cell B UMTS UMTS UMTS UMTS UMTS
and manage their wired and wireless networks. Our network Free
infrastructure
Free
solutions
Free
help
Free Free
Mast
of all 10shapes, sizes and complexity; at wireless cell sites and in cable headends; and in airports,
20 dB
Band or sector
dB
FPO
GSM
UMTS
DCS
Host 19"
Deg
www.commscope.com No
Dom
inan
rade
d HS
t Cell A DPA Cell A
Visit our website or contact your local CommScope representative for more information.