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SYRUPS Ex. Chocolate Syrup-

flavourant
- Concentrated aqueous solution 3.) MEDICATED SYRUP
containing sugar usually sucrose or Aqueous solution of sucrose
any sugar substitute that contains
- Polyols (i.e. Glycerine or Sorbitol) pharmaceutically & has a
may be added: retard crystallization therapeutic effect
of sucrose and to increase solubility Ex. Ferrous Sulfate Syrup,
- Prone to microbial growth ipecac (use for nausea and
vomiting)
Components of a Syrup
METHODS OF PREPARATION
1.) Sugar/Sugar substitution
2.) Purified Water 1.) SOLUTION W/O THE AID OF HEAT
3.) Anti-microbial preservatives Slowest and time consuming
4.) Flavourants method
5.) Colourants Involves the mixing of
6.) Stabilizers
ingredients in a large vessel
Avoids heat induced
TYPES OF SYRUPS
inversion
1.) SIMPLE SYRUP Suited for heat sensitive
Clear, concentrated, sweet, ingredients
aqueous hypertonic solution Ex. Ferrous Sulfate Syrup
2.) SOLUTION W/ THE AID OF HEAT
with striations
Rapid method- utilizes heat
Concentration: 85% w/v or
which facilitates the rapid
65% w/w
Specific gravity- 1.313 dissolution of sugar and
Self-preserving in nature other components
2.) FLAVOURED/NON-MEDICATED Can only be used for heat
SYRUP stable substances
Serves as a vehicle for other Can cause inversion-
ingredients or medicated hydrolytic reaction,
substances conversion of sucrose to
Contains aromatic and fructose and glucose.
pleasantly flavoured Presence of fructose and
substances glucose- makes the syrup
Serves as a flavourant more prone to fermentation
Does not contain any API and microbial growth (makes
Ex. Glycyrrhiza Syrup- masks the product less stable)
the bitter taste of alkaloids Inversion can lead to a
sweeter and darker syrup

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Overheating (>100C)- may - Container: 60 mL flint bottle

lead to caramelization or - Method Use: Percolation
browning
Ex. Acacia Syrup, Cocoa CHOCOLATE SYRUP
Syrup, Syrup USP
- More than 3 mins of heating the
3.) PERCOLATION
solution will caramelize
Percolator/Column is used
- Non-medicated Syrup
Permits the purified water to
- Synonym: Chocolate Flavoured
pass slowly through a bed of
Syrup, Cacao Syrup
crystalline sucrose to dissolve - Viscous, dark brown syrup w/ the
it odour & taste of cocoa
Flow rate adjusted to 20
- Use: Flavourant
gtts/min through the use of - Ingredients:
cotton Cocoa Powder- 2.7 g
Ex. Tolu balsam, Simple Syrup Sucrose- 9 g
4.) ADDITION OF SUCROSE TO A Liquid Glucose- 2.7 g
MEDICATED LIQUID Glycerin- 0.75 mL
Involves the simple NaCl- 0.03 g
admixture of sugar to a Vanilin- 0.0003 g
prepared medicated liquid, Sodium benzoate- 0.015 g
Purified Water- 14.25 mL
usually a fluiextract/tincture,
Purified Water qs ad- 15 mL
Not self-preserving
- Label: White (Internal Use)
Ex. Senna Syrup
- Container: amber bottle
- Method Used: Solution w/ the aid og
SIMPLE SYRUP
heat
- 60% - 80% concentration makes the
syrup self-preserving
- Below 60% - prone to microbial
growth
- Above 80% - concentration can
MUCILAGES
crystallize the sucrose present
- Synonym: Syrupus, Sirup, Syrup - Thin, viscous, adhesive liquid due to
- Clear solution of sucrose in a
nature of gum (mucilaginous in
purified water
nature)
- Use: Vehicle, Flavourant, Sweeting
- Prone to decomposition and should
agent, bases for many medications
not be made in large quantities
- Ingredients:
- Preservative is added: to prolong its
Sucrose51 g
shelf-life
Water27.78 g
- Gum:
- Label: White (Internal Use)
Extract: sticky, soap-like

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Process: - Label: White (Internal Use)

Dry: powder
Wet: thick, adhesive liquid **TO remember (sabi ni Sir):
- Used as suspending agent in
HUMECTANT
suspensions, emulsifying agent in
emulsions, as excipient in tablet - Substances that give mouth-fulfilling
formulation & as a demulcent - Gives body
- Primary Active Ingredient: Gum
Benzoic Acid- used as a preservative
GUM

- natural occurring
- organic in nature: NO, they
decompose easily

TYPES OF GUMS
1.) Acacia/ Gum Arabic
2.) Ghat
3.) Karaya
4.) Tragacanth

*All 4 types are natural gum -> they are

easily decomposed; they are use prior to
their usage

ACACIA MUCILAGE
- Synonym: Mucilage of Acacia,
Mucilage of Gum Acacia, Mucilage
de gomme, Mucilage Acaciae
- Uses: emulsifying agent, excipient to
troches
- Ingredients:
Acacia5.25 g
Benzoic Acid0.03 g
Purified Water qs ad.15 mL
- Container: 15 mL amber bottle

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