i ndustrial

OPTION
©RAD Federation

? ? ??
Water & Power

Role of Chambers of Commerce in

Gas & Petrol Law & Order Food

Effecting Change - Page 11

“How India backed-out from
its preemptive Media & War
Campaign against Pakistan”
Industrial Option Monthly is publihsed from 23-KM, Lahore An Idiot’s Guide to Campaigns - Page 34
Sheikhupura Road and Printed by MITHAS Enterprises Press,
Kamal Road, Kamal Gunj Lahore.
 “You cannot be big unless
you are prepared to kiss the
ground. You cannot defend
the soil unless you know the
smell of that soil. I know the
smell of our soil. I know the
rhythm of our rivers. I know
the beat of our drums. The
theories, the dogmas and
the scripts stand outside the
gates of history. The domi-
nant factor is the aspiration
of the people and the ability
to seek total identification
with it. Once the significance
of the symphony is grasped,
the lines fall into place, the
dogmas and theories get legs
Golden Words of to move in time to the maj-
esty of that music. This does
Bhutto - Today & not mean that I am preaching
pragmatism. There is a lot of
Forever expediency in pragmatism. I
am trying to trace the roots
of the problems, the genesis
of the challenges, the cause
of the struggle”

Mandiali Paper Mill (Pvt.) Ltd.

Industrial Option January 2009 | industrialoption.com

Table of Contents
5 - Help youself and row to the shore: 24 - Global Food Crisis: A Bowl of Opportunities
SCCI’s vision for new generation for Muslim World
6 - Editorial 27 - Why Should I get Education?
The Presidency and Bureaucratic system 28 - Survival Tips for Managing
11 - Role of Chambers of Commerce in Effect During an Economic Downturn
ing Change 30 - Pakistan Timeline
An organizational reform proposal for FPCCI based on Chambers 34 - How India backed-out from
Power Model
its preemptive Media & War
14 - Energy Profile of Pakistan Campaign against Pakistan”
20 - Pakistan’s energy crisis: short An Idiot’s Guide to Campaigns
and long-term solutions 38 - News & Views

Trade Ordinance 2007

The Tap Opener Commerce Division

FPCCI
Chambers
Associations
Trade Policy
Information Sharing...

Courtesy

Sheikhupura Association of Industry (SAI)

chambers Sheikhupura Chamber of Commerce & Industry (SCCI)

database
associations
information

public
trade
Growth

economy

public
 Stop Ignoring
Sheikhupura

We need to Develop a Society based on Dialogue instead of violence and pressure.

Motorway? Road Network?

Banks? Police Civil Society Liasion?
Laborers Colonies?
Poverty? Vocational Training?
Industrial Facilitation? Education?

Heritage? Agriculture?
Mughal Steel (Pvt.) Ltd.
Industrial Option
Help yourself and row to the shore:
SCCI’s Vision for New-Generation
SCCI Helps you by all means
Way to Success
* Employment for pov-
erty reduction – strategies
for the employment- eco-
nomic growth-poverty
reduction nexus;
* Public resource man-
agement – focusing on
fiscal issues, in terms of
Madina Trading Company
January 2009 | industrialoption.com
Poverty is multidimensional, involving not
only a lack of income, but also ill-health,
illiteracy, lack of access to basic social
services, and little opportunity to partici-
pate in the processes that influence peo-
ple’s lives. It is also pervasive, as 1.2 billion
people around the globe still live on less
than a dollar a day and nearly 850 million
people go hungry every night. Poverty
reduction should therefore be the centre
of development efforts.
SCCI’s work on the strategies and poli-
cies for poverty reduction is anchored in
three basic principles: the multi-dimen-
sionality of poverty, the centrality of gen-
der equality and the critical importance
of a cross-cutting approach. We believe
that economic growth is necessary for
sustained poverty reduction, but it is not
sufficient. Poor people should not only
benefit equitably from economic growth,
they should have the opportunity to ac-
tively contribute to its generation. Equity
is a major dimension of the economic
growth-poverty reduction nexus.
As a result, strategies and policies for
poverty reduction must cover many areas.
Key areas of SCCI’s vision 2009-2010 for
poverty reduction support include:
* Macroeconomic and
structural policies - for-
mulating the overall policy
framework for growth for
poverty reduction;
policies and management, poverty reduction through
to make sure they comple- policy interventions
ment poverty reduction * Civil society and – de-
initiatives veloping strategies for
* Information and Com- partnering with civil soci-
munication Technology ety in overcoming poverty
for Development (ICTD)
– making ICT work for
Page - 
Industrial Option
Editor’s Desk
The Presidency and
Bureaucratic system
I think the problem with the Presidency
begins with people who care about
certain social problems. Not any one
problem in particular, not rural poverty,
inner-city education, world democracy,
population growth, trade deficits, arma-
ments, or whatever. And I’m not say-
ing that it’s wrong to care about these
problems. But once people have been
trained that only government can solve
the problem, all hell can break loose.
Because then “public service” becomes a
highly-valued, honorable profession. So-
cially-concerned people get the proper
education and become bureaucrats
– experts in their field. I have no doubt
than most of them care about what they
do, that they want to do good. That’s
probably half the problem right there.
Caring about what they do, their budget
is never large enough – they are always
shafted, understaffed, and underpaid
– and they can’t do their jobs properly.
To the degree that the bureaucrat
rises to the highest non-politically-ap-
pointed positions in government, the
more dangerous he becomes. Whether
in the military, intelligence, diplomacy,
law-enforcement, or social welfare, the
knowledge and advice that the bureau-
crat gives to his boss, whether it be a
Minister, Secretary, or maybe even the
President himself, is but one piece of
advice among many. With your one shot,
give them the best you got.
Are these senior officials supposed to
know and understand every detail of
everything? They would be swamped,
with conflicting reports, interpretations,
and recommendations.
In such an environment, if I were a bu-
reaucrat, I’d be inclined, even if uncon-
sciously, to spin all the relevant facts into
a recommendation that I think would be
best for the country. I’d probably omit
data I personally thought was unim-
portant and emphasize what I thought
are the crucial points. After all, being an
January 2009 | industrialoption.com
“advisor” means giving “advice,” right,
not providing all the facts.
Of course, there’s also the problem of
job security. When a politically-appointed
boss insists in some way to “get the
results that I want!” regarding a piece of
intelligence or other data, it is probably
in one’s career interest to find the data,
or spin the dubious facts you have to fit
the requirements of the boss.
A services company executive can’t
make the same demands. The boss
may say, “Our best act sold ten million
of sales the last time. Make sure new
services sells twelve million!” Sure,
heads may roll if the album fails to live
up to the boss’s demands, but what can’t
be hidden successfully is the actual data
– the actual sales of the services.
Services sales, or sales on anything, or
television ratings, provide pretty much
irrefutable data. Not so the questions of
government. What does “obesity” mean?
What’s the difference between healthy
drugs and unhealthy, immoral drugs?
What is a wetland? Or an under-per-
forming school?
The free-market has the objectivity of
prices, whereas the government bureau-
Page - 
Industrial Option
Editor’s Desk
crat has the subjectivity of “social prob-
lems.” In a free market, if the money isn’t
coming in through sales, the business
will have to close. But the more that
coercion infects a society through taxa-
tion, price control, and prohibition, the
less freedom producers and consumers
can set prices, and the more bureaucrats
have the leeway to cook the statistics to
bend to whatever they or their politi-
cally-appointed superiors see fit.
For some people in government, no indi-
vidual will ever be fit enough, no country
will ever be democratic enough, the
environment will never be clean enough,
the teachers will never be paid enough.
Public policy can bend to their demands,
no matter how inaccurate or wasteful
they may be.
Through the maze of political appoint-
ments and specialized, self-interested
bureaucracy, how can a President be
trusted? In other words, the President is
forced to be responsible for so much, an
expert of everything from stem cells to
the international trade to the religious
and ethnic divisions of Pakistan to how
the nation’s campaign finance laws can
operate in full accordance with the
Constitution.
The libertarian answer to all of these is
pretty clear: get the federal government
out of the way. But since few people
are libertarian, and no President ever is,
all of these issues become irreducibly
complex. That means, when the princi-
ple of freedom is rejected out of hand,
discerning the best of the remaining
options requires supernatural, God-like
intelligence.
The President can’t possibly know or
anticipate the effects of all of his execu-
tive orders and bill signings. He has to
rely on advisors – not being a libertarian,
there’s no other realistic choice. To make
the “right decision” on matters he barely
knows anything about, he must trust his
appointed underlings, political advisors,
and the professional bureaucrats.
Why can’t the President be trusted?
Because the margin of error for anything
he does is too great. The President re-
ceives either what his advisors want him
January 2009 | industrialoption.com
to hear, or what his advisors expect him
to want to hear. The unvarnished truth
is the casualty. And how do we know
that senior bureaucrats and advisors
even know the truth themselves, but rely
instead on what the lower-levels report
to them?
©RAD Federation
Even the most honest, principled and
well-meaning of men would be consid-
ered a corrupt failure as President.
The President is always too susceptible
to bad advice, and no human being is
capable of always knowing when to get
good advice. Even a “good” man who
is President will mislead the Pakistani
people on numerous occasions, even if
he isn’t aware of it.
The political and bureaucratic structure
of the office of the Presidency is too
complicated for one person to manage
or control. The job as modern Pakistan
has created it, is literally too big for one
man. And the only solution to that is to
substantially shift the focus from cutting
cost to efficiency in bureaucratic system.
Manzoor Malik
Editor in-Chief
Page - 
i ndustrial
Industrial Option
Introduction to Industrial Option
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economic trends to articles on the peo-
ple and technologies that influence how
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global marketplace. Each month issue
explores the links between domestic Of-
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dustrial Option.
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IndustrialOption.com is a huge commu-
nity of buyers, sellers and industrialists.
For the job to job marketplace, brand can
be merely defined as the lot of images,
image and feelings that are evoked in the
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at the reference of your figure.
IndustrialOption.com is one-stop job so-
Industrial Option Newsletter
23-KM, Lahore Sheikhupura Road,
Qila Satar Shah.
Phone: 042-7970711-12
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Web: http://www.industrialoption.com
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The views expressed in articles are those of Authors only and do not represent the views of Industrial Option or its affiliates. Authors are solely
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January 2009 | industrialoption.com
lutions for many of the party’s needs. Real
moment market allows buyers to go fast
resolution; two main indicators of party
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Cost Saving. Products offered on a mar-
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For purchaser participants a B2B market
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Access to original suppliers: B2B
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fences and provides approach to original
suppliers.
Increased sales: With approach to a
wider marketplace, suppliers have the po-
tentiality to increase revenue.
Reduced sales and backing costs By au-
tomating sales and client backing proc-
esses companies can cut over chief costs
Research & Development Federation
http://www.radf.org
OPTION
around 25-30% well.
Reduced elevated costs: Thanks to
sleek supply string elevated costs can be
reduced upward to 30 percentages.
B2B exchanges: The landscape is lit-
tered with hundreds of B2B exchanges
that have failed, demonstrating that suc-
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www.industrialoption.com is an innova-
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plateau for thousands of consultants,
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to transact business globally without any
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iIndustrial Option Pvt. Ltd
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Page - 8
Industrial Option January 2009 | industrialoption.com

A Tribute
To Mohtarma

“She will always be remembered as one of the

most courageous women in the world. In an
atmosphere of intolerance she escalated herself
to the most prominant political position in her
country. Her loss will be suffered in Pakistan
and across the world. Let her name ring across
the world as an example to us all”

UBC Convertec (Pvt.) Ltd.

Page - 
Industrial Option January 2009 | industrialoption.com

Industrial Option (Pvt.) Ltd.

Page - 10
Industrial Option
Featured
Role of Chambers of Commerce in Effecting Change
An organizational reform proposal for FPCCI based on Chambers Power Model
CHAMBERS POWER MODEL
Business associations and chambers of
commerce have a unique and impor-
tant role to play in building democratic
systems. They are the voice of business,
advocating business needs and concerns
and solutions to problems to the gov-
ernment, community leaders, the media,
and the general public. No one knows
better what is good for business than
a business person, and then business
people together can be more effective in
effecting change than one alone. This is
the foundation upon which chambers of
commerce are built.
Chambers of commerce are uniquely po-
sitioned to address some of the pressing
needs of business communities. Issues of
corruption and corporate governance
remain at the top of the business agenda
January 2009
in countries across the globe because
bad governance and widespread cor-
ruption reduce competitiveness, divert
investments, limit productive potential of
companies, and impose additional costs
of doing business. While it is diffcult for
individual companies to systematically
address these problems, which stem
from weak institutional environments,
chambers can be more effective in mo-
bilizing the resources and knowledge to
effect change.
Chambers of commerce and other types
of professional business associations play
a pivotal role in building a foundation for
sustainable economic development. That
role stems from their ability to unite
the business community around a set of
common issues, identify key problems,
January | industrialoption.com
2009 | industrialoption.com
©RAD Federation
develop solutions, advocate for change,
and monitor implementation. Through
such a process of private sector advo-
cacy, chambers of commerce not only
improve economic regulations, they also
strengthen participatory democratic in-
stitutions. Highlighting this link between
democratic and economic development
is crucial in that it is impossible to build
a functioning market economy in an
environment where business is barred
from participation in policy design and
implementation.
Many countries increasingly recognize
the role that the private sector plays in
fulfilling national ambitions of sustained
economic growth. During the past sev-
eral decades, private capital flows have
replaced government to government
Page - 11
Industrial Option
Featured
assistance as a major source of capital
in emerging and developing markets,
and today it can be safely said that the
development models that rely on states
as the sole providers of income, jobs,
and investment are no longer valid.
Instead, countries increasingly turn to
the business community as the engine of
sustained economic growth and pros-
perity. Even many of the closed nations
recognize these trends and seek ways to
attract private capital. The question no
longer asks who will shape and define
economic growth, but rather: how can
one unleash the potential of the private
sector, integrate it into development
models, and capitalize on its resources?
The answers to this question lie within
the private sector-based theory of eco-
nomic growth.
This theory has brought to the fore-
front many issues that have redefined
the way governments, business, and civil
society approach development. But the
most important contribution, perhaps,
has been the emphasis placed on the
framework of government and business
relationships.
Emphasizing private sector advocacy,
private sector economic development
models have shown that a grassroots ap-
proach to reform must be implemented
before ambitions of sustained economic
growth are realized. In the same way,
this economic theory is also giving rise
to the concept of business leadership
– the ability of the business community
not only to work with government to
address various development concerns
but also to lead the reform initiatives.
The business-government relationship
model has evolved dramatically over the
past several decades, as many countries
have struggled to define their own
founding blocks of a prosperous market
economy. Command-style economies,
where business simply responds to gov-
ernment reform initiatives and is barred
from participating in policymaking, have
proven to be ineffective in creating a
viable private sector that can endure fair
competition or participate in the global
economy. This has been demonstrated
by the fall of the Soviet Union and the
state of disarray that rules the remain-
ing command-style economies. Similarly,
crony or relationship market economies,
where only a few insider fi rms have
unchecked access to policymakers and
enjoy favorable rules and treatment, have
also failed to bring sustained economic
benefits to markets and countries, as evi-
denced by a string of financial crises that
have exposed the dangers of relationship
capitalism in the late 1990s. However,
among the failures of some countries
and economic success of others, one
model has proven to be the most effec-
tive in generating economic growth: the
model of a participatory economic sys-
tem. In this model, business participates
in the creation and implementation of
economic policies and does not simply
react to regulations produced behind
closed doors or behave as a puppet in
the hands of government offcials.
Building Effective Cham-
bers based on Power
Chambers Model
Although the section above illustrates
the role of chambers within the national
and global economic framework and in
democratic decision-making, there is an-
other aspect of chambers’ role that we
must consider. In addition to being the
drivers of economic change and instru-
ments of democratic process, chambers
also need to fulfill their organizational
role by serving the interests of their
members in an effective manner.
Mistakenly, many view these challenges as
two separate issues, but the two are part
of the same equation. They both focus
on creating effective chambers of com-
merce that build a better environment
for doing business – an environment
where business (chamber members) is
not overburdened by opaque regula-
tions; where it has access to policymak-
ers; where there are opportunities to
grow, engage in productive activities,
and attract investment; and where it can
effectively voice its concerns and offers
suggestions.
January 2009 | industrialoption.com
Role of Special Member-
ship Organizations in
FPCCI is to provide cham-
bers Standard Operating
Procedures (SOPs) for
Following:
Internal capacity building
– Before chambers attempt to fulfil their
role, they have to build internal capacity
in consultation with special membership
organizations. The first step of this proc-
ess for the chambers is to understand
their mission and objectives.
Further, in order to address the needs of
their members and advocate effectively
on their behalf and contribute to an
overall policy process in their countries,
chambers have to be functional organiza-
tions, which means that they must have
knowledgeable staff, implement good
governance mechanisms, commit to
transparent financial practices, and cre-
ate a strategic plan with key priorities to
address.
Access to information – In
order to be effective, chambers have to
become a source of information for their
members, policymakers, and the rest of
the society in consultation with special
membership organizations.
Entrenched interests benefit from tight
control over information, yet markets
cannot function and regulations cannot
effectively address the real needs of the
business community when economic
information is unavailable or distorted.
Chambers often have a unique oppor-
tunity to become sources of economic
information because they frequently
have direct access to it through their
members – businesspeople – who keep
markets running day-to-day and expe-
rience firsthand the ineffciencies and
disorganization of the system.
Communication strategy
– Chambers must have a good communi-
cations strategy based on SOPs provided
by special membership organizations if
they want to attract members, effect
Page - 12
Industrial Option
Featured
economic change, and improve demo-
cratic process because there is little
benefit in doing work if nobody knows
about it. A communications strategy
includes not only the development of
communication tools such as newslet-
ters, publications, websites, and policy
briefs but also identification of the key
target audience for each of those tools.
Chambers of commerce, as the voice
of business, draw their strength and
effectiveness from the fact that ten
businesspeople are more effective than
one. Similarly, in addressing certain is-
sues, such as building a political will to
create avenues for business participa-
tion in democratic decision-making,
coalitions of several chambers can be
more effective than one chamber. More
importantly, such coalitions have success-
fully been built across different compet-
ing economic sectors to address a set of
common issues.
Building an effective chamber of com-
merce is as much about process as it is
about achieving results. Even the best
chambers in the world continue to
improve to become even better at what
they do. Tools to build better chambers
as member-based organizations should
not be viewed as an end result, but
rather as a stepping stone for further
success. Competition and innovation lie
not only at the heart of markets, but also
at the core of chamber development.
Promote foreign direct
investment (FDI) – Government
assistance no longer constitutes the larg-
est share of capital flows to developing
countries private capital flows do. But
as the competition for FDI is intensify-
ing across different regions of the world,
the business community finds itself
confronted with the fact that simply
desiring foreign capital and welcoming it
is not nearly enough. To attract invest-
ment business communities must create
a strong institutional environment in
consultation with special membership
organizations where financial practices
are transparent, corporate governance
mechanisms are in place, property rights
are protected, business regulations are
clear and fair, and corruption is under
Premier Chemicals
January
control.
Moreover, it is not just the business
communities that seek foreign invest-
ment as a source of capital for de-
velopment and growth; policymakers
too increasingly voice their interest in
attracting foreign investment. Chambers
of commerce are the nexus of this proc-
ess, being in a position to bring together
policymakers and firms and help them
build a proper environment for attract-
ing investment. As investors are inter-
ested in the stability and predictability
of their investments, not just returns on
capital, chambers can help build busi-
ness environments that ensure just that
– stability and predictability.
Reduce the size of the
informal sector in consul-
tation with special mem-
bership organizations
– Informality is one of the key problems
for the business community and govern-
ments in many countries because it is
not uncommon for the size of the infor-
mal sector to exceed 50% of the GDP.
For firms locked out of the formal eco-
nomic system the costs are numerous
– they do not have access to many of the
available sources of capital, they do not
have the protection of the legal system,
they are an easy target for government
offcials and inspectors to extort bribes,
and they cannot effectively enforce
contracts and thus are forced to operate
in small “social network” type markets.
However, despite the costs of operat-
ing in the informal sector, it is often less
costly than complying with numerous
regulations imposed on business – there
are no incentives for entrepreneurs to
try and join the formal economy.
Yet, economic costs are not the only
burden informal entrepreneurs face.
Locked out of the formal economic
system, they also have no avenues for
participation in democratic policy design
because there is often a large informa-
tion gap between policymakers and
informal entrepreneurs. One of the
recent trends in the chamber movement
in developing countries is represent-
ing the interests of the informal sector,
January
2009
2009 | industrialoption.com
| industrialoption.com
which gives those entrepreneurs access
to policymakers and helps design and
implement regulations that allow them
to become a part of the formal economy.
Build private-public part-
nerships in consultation
with special membership
organizations – From an overall
policy perspective, chambers help build
private-public partnerships to address
a set of common economic and social
issues. By doing so, chambers not only
help develop private solutions to public
problems, they also strengthen the
democratic process by working together
with government offcials, not simply
responding to their instructions.
Implementation in con-
sultation with special
membership organizations
– Chambers should make sure that the
business community actually implements
corporate governance guidelines. Here
again a voluntary approach can be suc-
cessful. Initiatives such as certifi cation
programs and corporate governance
awards can raise the profile of the best
firms and create industry leaders that
others will follow.
Lead by example – Chambers them-
selves should have good governance
rules in place in consultation with special
membership organizations. Members
will welcome good governance rules
within chambers because they have the
same desire as investors: they want to be
sure that their investments – member-
ship dues and other resources – are not
wasted. Similarly, chambers can deny
membership to firms with bad govern-
ance practices because bad members
can ultimately create a negative image
for the chamber and other members’
companies.
RAD Federation Contributed to this
Article.
Page - 13
Industrial Option
Energy Profile of Pakistan
Disclaimer: This article is taken wholly from, or contains information that was originally published by, the Energy Information Administration. Topic editors and
authors for the Encyclopedia of Earth may have edited its content or added new information. The use of information from the Energy Information Administration
should not be construed as support for or endorsement by that organization for any new information added by EoE personnel, or for any editing of the original
content.
Pakistan’s economy has recovered from
years of sluggishness, caused primarily
to droughts, with growth experienced
in the agriculture, industry and service
sectors. In fiscal year (FY) 2004/2005
(ending in June), Pakistan achieved gross
domestic product (GDP) growth of 8.4
percent and in 2005/2006 the country
had GDP growth of 6.6 percent. High
inflation (9.1 percent) in 2004/2005 was
attributed to escalating oil prices, higher
housing rents and food item shortages.
In an effort to decrease inflation, the
central bank of Pakistan announced that
it would raise interest rates. The strategy
worked, with inflation decreasing to 7.6
percent by the end of FY 2005/2006.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF),
and the World Bank, both major donor
organizations to Pakistan, have acknowl-
edged the favorable performance and
progress in Pakistan’s structural reforms,
but have stressed even greater reform
in the public institutions and the public
energy sector where progress has been
slow. In 2004, the IMF approved a fresh
loan of nearly $250 million as part of its
overall $1.5 billion aid package to Paki-
stan. In 2005, the United States began
the first installments of a $3 billion aid
package, which will continue through
2010. In 2006, the World Bank approved
loans of $185 million for various reform
and infrastructure projects, in addition
to the nearly $850 million loaned to the
Ms. Sabahat Ali (Corporate Law Student, USA)
country in 2005.
The devastating earthquake that stuck
Pakistan in October 2005 destroyed lives
and caused considerable damage to the
country’s infrastructure. However, the
majority of the damage occurred in rural
areas of the country and had minimal
impact on the economy. Furthermore,
international aid inflows in the aftermath
of the earthquake have served to bolster
Pakistan’s economy. The United States
pledged $510 million for rebuilding Pa-
kistani infrastructure, but relief coordi-
nators estimate that Pakistan will need
billions of dollars and up to ten years to
fully rebuild. Pakistan and India decided
to extend aid to one another after the
earthquake. They also agreed to continue
confidence building measures, which
include the notification of missile testing,
creating new bank branches and increas-
ing the number of airline destinations in
both countries.
Energy Overview
In recent years, the combination of rising
oil consumption and flat oil production
in Pakistan has led to rising oil imports
from Middle East exporters. In addi-
tion, the lack of refining capacity leaves
Pakistan heavily dependent on petroleum
product imports. Natural gas accounts
for the largest share of Pakistan’s energy
January 2009 | industrialoption.com
use, amounting to about 50 percent
of total energy consumption. Pakistan
currently consumes all of its domestic
natural gas production, but without
higher production Pakistan will need to
become a natural gas importer. As a re-
sult, Pakistan is exploring several pipeline
and liquefied natural gas (LNG) import
options to meet the expected growth in
natural gas demand. Pakistan’s electric-
ity demand is rising rapidly. According to
Pakistani government estimates, generat-
ing capacity needs to grow by 50 percent
by 2010 in order to meet expected
demand.
Oil
According to Oil and Gas Journal (OGJ),
Pakistan had proven oil reserves of 300
million barrels as of January 2006. The
majority of produced oil comes from
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Industrial Option
proven reserves located in the south-
ern half of the country, with the three
largest oil-producing fields located in the
Southern Indus Basin. Additional produc-
ing fields are located in the Middle and
Upper Indus Basins. Since the late 1980s,
Pakistan has not experienced many new
oil fields coming online. As a result, oil
production has remained fairly flat, at
around 60,000 barrels per day (bbl/d).
During the first eleven months of 2006,
Pakistan produced an average of 58,000
bbl/d of crude oil. However, Pakistan has
ambitious plans to increase its current
output to 100,000 bbl/d by 2010. Due
to Pakistan’s modest oil production, the
country is dependent on oil imports
to satisfy domestic oil demand. As of
November 2006, Pakistan had consumed
approximately 350 thousand barrels of
oil and various petroleum products, of
which more than 80 percent was im-
ported. The majority of oil imports come
from the Middle East, with Saudi Arabia
as the lead importer.
Sector Organization
Pakistan’s Ministry of Petroleum and
Natural Resources regulates the coun-
try’s oil sector. The Ministry grants oil
concessions by open tender and by
private negotiation. To encourage oil sec-
tor investment, the Ministry has offered
various tax and royalty payment incen-
tives to oil companies. Pakistan’s three
largest national oil companies (NOCs),
include the Oil and Gas Development
Corporation Limited (OGDCL), Pakistan
Petroleum Limited (PPL) and Pakistan
State Oil (PSO). All three operate under
joint ventures and partnerships with
various international oil companies
(IOCs) and other domestic firms. Major
IOCs operating in Pakistan include BP
(UK), Eni (Italy), OMV (Austria), Orient
Petroleum Inc. (OPI, Canada), Petronas
(Malaysia) and Tullow (Ireland).
Privatization
In response to conditions laid down
by lenders, such as the International
Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World
Bank, Pakistan continues to strive for
privatization of its state-owned compa-
nies. For instance, the government has
on offer a 51 percent stake in PPL, as
well as a 54 percent stake in PSO. PPL
owns the Sui fields in Balochistan, as well
as exploration interests in 22 blocks,
while PSO holds a majority share in the
domestic diesel fuel market with more
than 3,800 retail outlets. In November
2006, Pakistan plans to have a share issue
from OGDCL for the equivalent of 15
percent of the NOCs capitalization. Five
percent of the company was previously
divested in November 2003 in an initial
public offering (IPO). Pakistan hopes to
reap significant revenues from these pri-
vatizations over the next several years.
Exploration and Production
BP is the largest oil producer in Pakistan,
with production averaging approximately
30,000 bbl/d. The oil major operates 43
fields and more than 100 wells through-
out the country. OGCDL is Pakistan’s
second-largest oil producer, with average
production at 25,000 bbl/d. While there
is no prospect for Pakistan to reach
self-sufficiency in oil, the government has
encouraged private (including foreign)
firms to develop domestic production
capacity. In 2005, NOCs and IOCs drilled
January 2009 | industrialoption.com
a total of 29 onshore development wells
in Pakistan. BP led the development by
drilling ten wells in its Lower Indus Basin
acreage, while ODCGL drilled nine wells,
with the majority being on its acreage in
the Middle Indus Basin. PPL expanded its
interests in 2005, by drilling offshore at
the Pasni X2 shallow water field. It was
the first time a Pakistani oil company had
explored offshore.
Licensing Rounds
Historically, Pakistan has held few large
licensing rounds, and instead, has con-
ducted private negotiations for acre-
age between individual companies and
the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural
Resources. In February 2006, Pakistan
opened a rare licensing round offering
nine onshore and offshore blocks. From
the blocks offered, the Pakistani govern-
ment awarded OGDCL three explora-
tion licenses in the southern Sindh and
Balochistan provinces. The licenses cover
the Tegani, Thal and Than Beg Blocks and
OGDCL has committed to conducting
geological surveys and to drilling four
exploration wells on the blocks. In June
2006, the government awarded POL an
exploration license for the Kirthar Block
in southern Pakistan. In July 2006, Paki-
stan awarded BP three blocks (U,V, and
W) in the offshore Indus Delta region.
Downstream
Pakistan’s net oil imports are projected
to rise substantially in coming years as
demand growth outpaces increases in
production. Demand for refined petro-
leum products also exceeds domestic
oil refining capacity, so nearly half of
Pakistani oil imports are refined prod-
ucts. Pakistan’s largest port is located at
Karachi, which serves as the principle
point of entry for oil imports. PSO leads
Pakistan’s fuel distribution market, with
its main storage facilities located at Port
Mohammed Bin Qasim.
Refining
Pakistan has five refineries, with total
refining capacity of just under 270,000
bbl/d. The largest of the refineries is the
Pak-Arab Refinery Complex (PARCO),
which became operational in late 2000,
with 95,000 bbl/d of refining capacity.
In July 2004, Bosicor Pakistan Limited
(BPL) began commercial operations
at its Mouza Kund plant, near Karachi.
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Industrial Option
The 30,000-bbl/d refinery is supplied
with shipments of crude oil from Qatar.
The plant allowed Pakistan to become
a supplier of naphtha, which constitutes
20 percent of the output. The plant
produces about 10,000 bbl/d of fuel oil,
6,000 bbl/d of diesel, and 5,500 bbl/d of
naphtha, among other products. PSO
has a supply contract to purchase the
entire output of BPL’s products for the
next 10 years. In June 2006, Kuwait
agreed to fund a $1.2 billion oil refinery,
which would have a planned capacity of
100,000 bbl/d. The refinery would be
located at Port Qasim in Karachi.
Natural Gas
According to OGJ, Pakistan had 28 tril-
lion cubic feet (Tcf) of proven natural
gas reserves in 2006. The bulk of these
reserves are located in the southern half
of Pakistan. In 2004, Pakistan produced
and consumed 968 billion cubic feet
(Bcf). In light of the current onshore ex-
ploration activities and resource outlook,
the Pakistani government expects minor
increases in natural gas production in
the short-term. However, natural gas
production is expected to decline over
the next 15-25 year period, while natural
gas demand is expected to increase.
The Pakistani government is currently
developing plans to import additional
natural gas (see “Proposed Pipelines”
below) in order to satisfy increasing de-
mand. According to the Pakistan Energy
Yearbook, natural gas is currently the
country’s largest energy source, making
up 50 percent of Pakistan’s energy mix in
FY 2004/2005.
Sector Organization
Pakistan’s state-owned PPL and OGDCL
produce around 30 percent and 25
percent, respectively, of the country’s
natural gas. The two companies are the
country’s largest natural gas producers.
OMV is the largest foreign natural gas
producer (17 percent of total country’s
production) in Pakistan. Additional for-
eign operators include BP, Eni, and BHP
Billiton. The Pakistani government has
enacted numerous policies to encourage
private sector leadership of natural gas
development, including privatization of
state-run businesses, regulation that en-
courages competition and tax incentives
geared towards increasing exploration
and production.
Exploration and Production
Pakistan’s largest natural gas production
occurs at the Sui field, which is located
in the Southern Indus Basin. PPL oper-
ates Sui field, with production averaging
655 Mmcf/d. Additional producing fields
include Mari (446 Mmcf/d), Sawan (366
Mmcf/d), and Bhit (316 Mmcf/d). In 2005,
BHP Billiton signed a Gas Sales and Pur-
chase Agreement (GSPA), in which the
company will supply an additional 150
million cubic feet per day (Mmcf/d) of
natural gas from its Zamzama field. BHP
Billiton will complete phase II develop-
ment of Zamzama in the third quarter of
2007. Petronas brought its Rehmat field
online in March 2005. The field produces
an estimated 30 Mmcf/d, which is sold to
consumers in Pakistan’s southern Sindh
province. In the past few years, the coun-
try discovered seven new natural gas
fields. The Pakistani government expects
the development of these new fields to
add an additional 1 Bcf/d to Pakistan’s
natural gas production.
Proposed Pipelines
Pakistan’s government is working on
plans to build a pipeline that spans from
January 2009 | industrialoption.com
Iran’s massive natural gas reserves to
Indian markets across Pakistani terri-
tory. In August 2006, Iran and Pakistan
extended a previously signed (April
2005) memorandum of understand-
ing (MoU) until 2007. One of the main
concerns for both Pakistan and India
is how much Iran will charge for the
natural gas. To help mediate the pricing
issue, the three countries appointed an
international consultant this past sum-
mer. Iran has offered to cover 60 percent
of the construction costs of the pipeline
and Pakistani officials have stressed their
ability to safeguard the pipeline. Pakistan
could earn about $70 million annually
in transit fees from the pipeline. If India
decides to forego its part in the pipeline
project, Pakistan and Iran have agreed to
work on a bilateral Iran-Pakistan pipeline
project.
A second natural gas import possibility
that has been considered is an eventual
link to the Dolphin Project in Qatar.
This plan would supply natural gas from
Qatar’s North Dome field to Pakistan
via a sub sea pipeline from Oman. Even
though Pakistan has signed a prelimi-
nary agreement to eventually purchase
natural gas from Qatar, it remains to be
seen if further action on the project will
be taken.
A third natural gas pipeline option
that has been discussed is a line from
Turkmenistan to Pakistan via Afghanistan.
Pakistan faces various hurdles with this
option, which include the security situa-
tion in Afghanistan and the price Turk-
menistan would charge for the natural
gas. In addition, completed feasibility
studies on the project, funded by the
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Industrial Option
Asian Development Bank (ADB), indicate
that the Turkmenistan field of Daulatabad
will only be able to supply a portion of
the natural gas needed by Pakistan.
Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)
In addition to natural gas import
pipelines, Pakistan is pursuing liquefied
natural gas (LNG) import options to
meet energy needs. In October 2006,
United Arab Emirates-based Dana Gas
and its partners, Single Buoy Moorings
and the Granada Group signed a MoU
to build an LNG import facility, with 3.5
million tons per year capacity. The facility
would be completed in 2010 and would
be located at Port Qasim, near Karachi.
Coal
Coal currently plays a minor role in
Pakistan’s energy mix, although the
country contains an estimated 3,362
million short tons (Mmst) of proven
recoverable reserves. Pakistan produces
small amounts of coal, 3.5 Mmst in 2004,
and imports additional coal, 1.7 Mmst
in 2004, to satisfy demand. Recently, the
discovery of low-ash, low-sulfur lignite
coal reserves in the Tharparkar (Thar)
Desert in Sindh province, estimated at
1,929 Mmst, has increased both domes-
tic and foreign development interest.
China, which began developing various
electric power plants in tandem with
the coal mines in 1994 in Pakistan, has
shown the most interest in the Thar
region. However, several factors have
hindered development of the Thar
coal reserves, including the depth and
moisture level of the lignite reserves, a
scarcity of fresh water, and lack of road
and power infrastructure.
Electricity
Pakistan had 20.4 gigawatts (GW) of
installed electric generating capacity in
2004. Conventional thermal plants using
oil, natural gas, and coal account for
about 66 percent of Pakistan’s capac-
ity, with hydroelectricity making up
32 percent and nuclear 2 percent. The
Pakistani government estimates that by
2010, Pakistan will have to increase its
generating capacity by more than 50 per-
cent to meet increasing demand. In 2004,
Pakistan generated 80.2 billion kilowatt-
hours (Bkwh) of electricity while con-
suming 74.6 Bkwh. Pakistan’s total power
generating capacity has increased rapidly
in recent years, due largely to foreign
investment, leading to a partial alleviation
of the power shortages Pakistan often
faces in peak seasons. However, much
of Pakistan’s rural areas do not have
access to electric power and about half
the population is not connected to the
national grid. Rotating blackouts (“load
shedding”) are also necessary in some
areas. In addition, transmission losses are
about 30 percent, due to poor quality
infrastructure and a significant amount of
power theft.
January 2009 | industrialoption.com
Sector Organization
The electric power sector in Pakistan
is operated by the Water and Power
Development Authority (WAPDA), and
the Karachi Electricity Supply Corpora-
tion (KESC), with additional generation
contribution from Independent (private)
Power Producers (IPPs). WAPDA is
responsible for supplying power to all of
Pakistan, with the exception of Karachi,
which is supplied by KESC. Currently,
15 IPPs operate in Pakistan under a
Build-Own-Operate (BOO) basis. The
National Electric Power Regulatory
Authority (NEPRA) regulates the power
sector in Pakistan, which includes power
generation, transmission and distribution.
NEPRA is also responsible for determin-
ing electricity rates in Pakistan.
Disputes over rate adjustments are com-
mon within the industry. For example,
in July 2004, NEPRA announced that
electricity rates would be lowered for
domestic, industrial and agricultural
customers in the three distribution areas
of Hyderabad, Peshawar, and Quetta.
The affected distribution companies
complained that, due to lower rates, they
would be unable to cover their operat-
ing costs. NEPRA advised the federal
government to subsidize the providers at
a cost of around $24 million. WAPDA is
at the center of a public sector “circular
debt” problem, in which state firms and
government ministries have failed to pay
power bills, while WAPDA has failed to
meet obligations to them and to private
sector creditors, especially state-owned
PSO.
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Industrial Option
Privatization
The Pakistani government continues to
seek reform in the state-held electric
companies. In November 2005, the Pri-
vatization Commission in Pakistan sold
KESC to Hassan Associates, a group of
local and Saudi investors. KESC con-
trols a power transmission network in
the southern part of Karachi. Because
KESC has struggled to make a profit,
the Pakistani government has supported
the company with a $200 million an-
nual subsidy. But, Hassan Associates has
indicated that they are confident in their
ability to make a profit from KESC in
the future. The Pakistani government
will maintain a 26 percent share of the
company. Plans have also been made to
transform WAPDA into three generation
companies, eight distribution companies
and a transmission entity with the hope
of seeing it privatized.
Hydroelectric
Hydroelectric power represents a third
of Pakistan’s power source, however,
periodic droughts affect the availability
of hydropower production. WAPDA con-
trols the country’s major hydroelectric
plants, with the largest being the Tabela
plant at 3,046 megawatts (MW) installed
capacity. The Tabela plant was the largest
hydroelectric plant in Asia until China
began building the Three Gorges project,
which will have 18,000 MW of installed
capacity. Additional hydroelectric plants
in operation include Mangla (1,000 MW),
Warsak (240 MW), and Chashma (184
MW).
Although Pakistan has plans to develop
additional hydroelectric generating ca-
pacity, infrastructure constraints, such as
access roads in mountainous regions and
resettlement costs of affected popula-
tions have stalled progress. Nevertheless,
Eden Enterprises is going ahead with
its Suki Kinari (655 MW) hydropower
project. Eden Enterprises, along with
Pakistani partners own 95 percent of
S.K. Hydro, which was given a 35-50
year concession period for the power
plant. Construction is expected to begin
in 2009, with the plant coming online in
2011. The Private Power and Infrastruc-
ture Board (PPIB) is currently reviewing
six additional hydropower projects for
the Swat River. If approved, the projects
would provide several hundred MW of
additional hydroelectric power capacity
to the country.
Thermal Power
WAPDA operates the majority of ther-
mal power plants in Pakistan, with over
5,000 MW of installed capacity in its
control. The Guddu plant is the largest
plant operated by WAPDA, with a capac-
ity of 1,650 MW. In recent years, growth
in Pakistan’s thermal power generation
has come primarily from new independ-
ent power producers (IPPs), some of
which have been funded by foreign inves-
tors. The two largest IPPs in Pakistan
are Kot Addu (1,600 MW) and Hubb
River (1,300 MW), both of which supply
power to WAPDA. The Kot Addu plant
was privatized in 1996 (from WAPDA).
International Power holds a 36 percent
equity stake in the Kot Addu plant. The
Pakistani government has recognized
that the majority of thermal plants in the
country are run on fuel oil and produce
considerable amounts of pollution. In an
effort to reduce pollution, the govern-
ment would like to see fuel oil-power
plants converted to natural gas in the
future.
Other Renewables
Pakistan is working to expand the use of
renewable energy to help bridge the gap
of energy deficiency in the country. In
2003, the Pakistani government created
the Alternative Energy Development
January 2009 | industrialoption.com
Board (AEDB). AEDB’s primary objec-
tive is to help Pakistan achieve a 10
percent renewable energy share in the
country’s energy mix. AEDB is working
to create an environment in Pakistan
that is conducive to investment from
the private sector in renewable energy.
In July 2006, Turkish-based Zorlu Energji
Grubu signed a letter of intent to install
a 50-MW wind farm. Zorlu would oper-
ate the wind farm for 20 years once
the project is completed in 2008. Zorlu
has indicated that it would like to install
an additional 2,000 MW of renewable
energy capacity in Pakistan by 2015.
Nuclear
Pakistan has one nuclear power plant,
Chashma-1, with 300 MW of installed
capacity. The Pakistan Atomic Energy
Commission operates the nuclear plant.
Pakistan is currently working on second
nuclear power plant (Chashma-2), with
the help of China National Nuclear
Corporation. The plant will have 325
MW of installed capacity and could be
completed by 2009.
Environmental Issues
In Pakistani cities, widespread consump-
tion of low-quality fuel, combined with
a dramatic expansion in the number of
vehicles on the roads, has led to signifi-
cant air pollution problems. Lead and
carbon emissions are major air pollut-
ants in urban centers such as Karachi,
Lahore, and Islamabad. A lack of energy
efficiency standards has contributed to
Pakistan’s high carbon dioxide intensity.
One hopeful trend is that Pakistan has
increasingly been using compressed
natural gas (CNG) to fuel vehicles. Cur-
rently, government vehicles and taxis that
have been using liquefied petroleum gas
(LPG) are being converted to CNG.
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Industrial Option January 2009 | industrialoption.com

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Page - 19
Industrial Option
Pakistan’s energy crisis: short
and long-term solutions
By: M. Sharif
Pakistan is in the grip of a serious energy
crisis that is affecting all sectors of the
economy and the various segments of
the society. As the situation stands to-
day, there are hardly any immediate solu-
tions to resolve the issue. A change of at-
None of the previous rulers of
the country solved the issue due
to which the energy crisis kept
on increasing regularly.
titude and a change of life style is needed
at the national level which should be
triggered by the ruling elite and followed
by all segments of the society that have
access to electricity. At best there could
be some short and long-term solutions
to the crisis but they need immediate
planning and execution with an enor-
mous investment. None of the previous
rulers of the country solved the issue
due to which the energy crisis kept on
increasing regularly.
State of energy re-
sources
Pakistan has a deficit of fossils or hydro-
carbons sources of energy and to cover
up the deficit, it depends upon import-
ing crude oil at an enormous cost from
its meager forex reserves. The need of
crude oil is on an increase because of
an improved life style which has neces-
sitated the use of vehicles and cars for
transportation. Import of oil at around
$110 per barrel, increases the trade
deficit and the current account deficit. It
makes fiscal management a difficult task
which affects the government as well as
the people.
Contrary to the deficit of fossils or
hydrocarbon resources, Pakistan is rich
in hydro resources of energy. According
to an estimate the country has enough
resources to generate approximately
40000 mw of hydro-electricity. However,
presently it only generates 8000 mw of
electricity against an installed capacity
of 11327 mw. In addition the country
can generate electricity with the help of
wind and solar energy which has not yet
been exploited to meet the energy defi-
cit. Nuclear energy is yet another source
of energy and at present PAEC produces
472 mw. It is far less than what PAEC
should have been producing to meet the
energy deficit.
Three major electricity generation agen-
cies presently operate in the country.
They have a total installed capacity of
around 19522 mw. Their installed capaci-
ties are as follows: WAPADA: 11327 mw;
KESC: 1756 mw and Independent Power
Producers (IPPs), 5977 mw. PAEC pro-
duces 472 mw as stated earlier. Thermal
power accounts for 64 per cent of the
total installed capacity, hydro-electricity
accounts for 33 per cent and nuclear
power plants account for 3 per cent.
Thermal power is mostly produced by
burning either natural gas or imported
oil. The country is yet to switch over
to coal from the indigenous source of
energy that is estimated to be the third
largest in the world with a reserve of
33.0 trillion tons.
The Energy market has been changing
according to the demands of power
consumption. The Prices of energy raw
materials also kept changing. According
to an analysis, in the fiscal year 1990-91
hydropower accounted for 45 per cent
of all electricity produced in the country
but it was reduced to 26 per cent with
a 10-year period. The share of thermally
generated electricity increased from 54
January 2009 | industrialoption.com
per cent to 71 per cent during the same
period. Needs of most of the commer-
cially used oil are met by imports whose
prices have skyrocketed during past five
years and as such the cost of power
generation through oil has increased.
Power consumption because of in-
creasing needs of industry, agriculture
and households has been on the rise.
According to an estimate, between the
period of 1990 and 2003 the total con-
sumption increased by 84 per cent, from
31twh to 57twh. Presently, an annual
average increase of 7 per cent has been
postulated. The energy sector, in which
the government has a greater role to
play, will have to work hard to make up
for the existing deficit and to meet the
growing demand.
The reason behind
the crisis
An important question in the midst of
ongoing power shortage crisis, be-
ing raised is that why the energy crisis
looms on our head after an interval of
around 10-15 years despite the fact that
statistics about energy resources, de-
mand and consumption are well articu-
lated. They are also readily available to
planning commission and other federal
and provincial governments. The answer
is simple; poor management, lopsided
priorities and lack of accountability on
part of those who stay at the helm of
affairs.
In the early 90s, the power crisis had
started emerging and the political gov-
ernment that was mandated to govern
the country was faced with the issue
of power crisis. The government had
to resolve the crisis by engaging almost
19 Independent Power Producers (IPP).
19 IPP projects were initiated with an
installed capacity of 3158 mw and invest-
ment of $4.0 billion and by March 2003
the installed capacity was at 2728 mw
that has reached to 5977 mw through
expansion. Till 2005, supply of electricity
produced through different power gen-
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Industrial Option
erating units was surplus to demand by
around 450 mw but since then demand
has been outstripping supply because
there was practically no additional
power generation.
The government did not anticipate that
there would be an increase in demand
of electricity and it was its responsibility
to arrange the supply according to the
demand. Consequently, during summer,
2007, supply of electricity ran short of
2500 mw. It is being anticipated that
this year the deficit between supply and
demand could be as high as 3000 mw. By
the end of year 2010, the deficit could be
as large as 5500 mw. There are no imme-
diate solutions to generating additional
power through any source because a
unit takes at least 2-3years to establish
properly. More than 5 years is required
to construct a hydroelectric dam and
the investment is enormous. This crisis
has literally paralysed the construction
industry, badly affected agriculture and
made life hell for the citizens. In view of
existing ground realities and constraints
to address power crisis by generating
electricity within a short span of a few
months, the need to make the best use
of existing power generation by taking
conservation measures at individual,
community and national level are essen-
tial. These measures if implemented with
commitment and honesty of purpose
can help a lot of people to over come
negative implications of power crisis.
Energy conservation
measures
Energy conservation or efficient use
of electricity is what is needed at this
crucial time. There are three major users
of electricity and they need to be edu-
cated and motivated to play their role in
energy conservation. The three stake-
holders are: industrial sector, transport
sector and domestic/household sector.
Each sector needs to be dealt separately
to high light the efficacy of conserving
energy.
The Industrial sector is consuming the
largest amount of energy in the country.
It consumes around 45 per cent of the
total commercial energy. Most of them
are concentrated in a few industrial ar-
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eas close to or within large cities such as
Karachi, Lahore and other comparatively
smaller cities. Industrial units are not en-
ergy efficient and management practices
also need improvement to make efficient
use of electricity. A study carried out
by the ENERCON reveals that efficient
use of electricity by the industrial sector
could save up to 23 per cent of electric-
ity. The focus on energy conservation is
on the improvement of steam distribu-
tion systems, air conditioning, refrigera-
tion and modernising and revamping
energy efficient combustion processes
and controls.
The transport sector is the second larg-
est consumer of energy. According to an
ENERCON study, this sector consumes
28 per cent of total national consump-
tion of energy. This could be reduced by
10 per cent if car owners alone were to
economise on consumption of fuel and
kept their car engines fully tuned up. The
sector has the potential to be 20 per
cent energy-efficient if railways, shipping
and aviation are included. One of the vis-
ible constraints that keeps the industrial
and transport sector away from being
energy-efficient is the lack of observing
energy conservation rules and regula-
tions which are already laid down by the
government. Their focus is perhaps on
short-term gains that run contrary to
national interest.
The third largest consumer of electricity
is domestic/household sector that con-
sumes around 21 per cent of electricity
produced in the country. According to a
study this sector could be efficient by 30
per cent by avoiding wasteful habits of
consuming energy such as keeping mar-
kets fully lit etc. A positive development
that has so far taken place in this sector
is gradual shifting over to use of energy
savers. Similarly energy could be saved
by minimum use of air conditioners. The
entire household should be well-aware
of energy consumption.
To achieve meaningful results about
conservation of energy the charity
should start from home, that is, the
ruling elite should take the initiative
and set example to conserve energy as
a national imperative for emulation by
other segments of the society. If conser-
vation measures stated above were to
be implemented partially, it would go a
January 2009 | industrialoption.com
long way in addressing the energy crisis
immediately without any additional cost.
Measures by the gov-
ernment
The outgoing government had belatedly
addressed the power crisis by hyping up
the construction of mega hydro-electric
dams including politically controversial
Kalabagh dam without going into details
about their feasibility and sources of
investment. The new government has a
real big challenge of addressing the ener-
gy crisis at hand. Its first priority should
be to implement immediate measures
that might bring some relief to the
public. It should also immediately embark
upon the programmme of expansion of
generating capacities that has been laid
down by the previous government under
“Vision 2025” programme.
It envisions increasing existing power
generating capacity by 10000 mw by
2010 and around 35000 mw by 2025 at
an enormous cost of $35 billion to be
shared by the government and private
sector. The share of different sources
of energy is stipulated to be as follows:
hydro-electricity: 22563 mw, new gas
fired plants: 4680 mw, coal fired plants:
4350 mw, nuclear plants: 1800 mw and
finally 1500 mw from renewable energy
resources. It is certainly an ambitious
plan that needs to be implemented on
priority basis with changes that the new
government might like to make within its
national policy framework.
Conclusion
It hardly needs to be emphasised that
electricity is the lifeline of national
economy and the people at large. The
Economy and public life practically come
to a halt because of the load shedding.
The existing crisis can be addressed
by the government by taking prompt
measures. There is hardly any room for
neglect or delay.
Page - 21
Industrial Option December 2008 | industrialoption.com

Chamaber Mission 200

“In 200, we pledge to undertake
initiatives encompassing Database
and Information Sharing, Accept-
ing right of everyone on quality and
competency basis without prejudice,
restore investor confidence within
country and help building interest
for new coming investors, build-
ing healthy industrial and business
environment and identify failure and
weaknesses in government polices”
From Left: Amjad Nazir Butt,VP, Manzoor Ul Haq Malik President, Tariq Iqbal Mughal,VP

Elected Office Bearers Sheikhupura Chamber of Commerce & Industry for the period of 2008-2009
Executive Members

NO Associate Class Corporate Class

1 Sheikh Abdul Hafeez Ali Abbas
M/s S. Abdul Ghafoor & Sons Sheikhupura Mandiali Paper Mill Pvt. Ltd.

2 Imtiaz Ashraf Aulakh Muhammad Saeed

Aulakh Commission Shop Sheikhupura Premier Paper Mills Ltd.

3 Muhammad Ramzan Ch. Zahid Hafeez

Hassan Board Industries GT Road Kala Shah Kaku Zahid Hafeez & Brothers

4 Haji Muhammad Ilyas Faraz Ahmad Malik

Farooq Abad Malik Board & Paper Pvt. Ltd.

5 Haji Muhammad Ramzan Muhammad Shoaib

Al-Hamd Cloth House Sheikhupura Al-Munawar PVC Pvt. Ltd.

6 Ch. Nadeem Safdar A.R Khan

Model Soap Factory, Sheikhupura Super Theramics

7 Sohail Iqbal Mian Haseeb Haroon

M. Iqbal Hussain & Company Sheikhupura AHN Steels Pvt. Ltd.

8 Ch. Tahir Majeed Mian Mohammad Sana Ullah Salman

Ch. Tahior Majeed & Co. Sheikhupura Ajmair Traders (National Pipe).

9 Malik Mushtaq Ahmad Sammi Farooq

Sky Interbnational, Muridkay Jammal PVC pvt ltd.

10 Haji Abdul Kareem Khuram Javed Mughal

Ch. Muhammad Baqar Khan & Company, Jhabran. Al-Bashir Steel Mills Pvt. Ltd.

Page - 22
Industrial Option January 2009 | industrialoption.com
Standing Committees of the Sheikhupura Chamber of Commerce & Industry
for the period of 2008-09
No. Name Standing Committee Company Name

1 Mohammad Tariq Iqbal Mughal Achievement Award Mughal Steel Mill Pvt Ltd
2 Ch Mohammad Arif Agri and Pesticide Ch Stone Crushing
3 Amjad Nazir Butt Agro & Food Process Al Madina Trading Co Skp
4 Mehmood Sami Petroleum Sami Sons
5 Ch. Nadeem Safdar Soap and Detergents Model Soap Factory
6 Rab Nawaz Dyes and Chemicals Ahmad Jannat Enteprises
7 Sabir Pervaiz Miller Industry Seena Grinding
8 A.R.Khan Customs & Import Super Thermax
9 Shahid Saeed Pasha Chemical Processing Premier Chemical
10 Haji Maqsood Gems & Jewelry Maqsood Jewelers
11 Malik Manzoor Industrial Services Industrial Option
12 Sheikh Naveed Anwar Stainless Steel Industry AHN Steel
13 Muzaffar Ahmad Board Industry Malik Board & Paper Mill
14 Haseeb Haroon Collides AHN Collides
15 Mohammad Saleem Butt Pharmaceutical Ameer Pharama
16 Amir Bakhat Azam Cable Industry New Age Cables
17 Tariq Iqbal Mughal Trade Delegation Mughal Steel Mill Pvt Ltd
18 Mian Farooq Ahmad Pipe Industry Jamal Pipe Industry
19 Ms Qaisra Zulfiqar Women Entrepreneur Al Aziz Paper Mill
20 Mian Muhammad Sanaullah WAPDA Dispute Resolution National Pipe
21 M. Waseem Asharaf Rice Export Waseem Traders
22 Sheikh Abdul Hafeez District Government S. Abdul Ghafoor & Sons
23 Imtiaz Asharaf Aulakh Social Welfare Aulakh Commission Shop
24 Syed Abid Shah Education Philanthropist
25 Ali Abbas Chemical Yarn RN Rayon
26 Mohammad Rashid Open end Industry Model Spinning
27 Lala Abdul Waheed Health Usman Traders
28 Khalid Zaman Toor Rice Research Crystal International
29 Malik Mohammad Yusaf Sales Tax InterPack
30 Shehzad Ali Nagina R & D / NGOs Mandiali Paper Mill
31 Abid Mehmood Butt Building H.M. builders
32 Amir Bakhat Azam Environment New Age Cables
33 Ch Mohammad Arif Law & Order Ch Stone Crushing
34 Amjad Nazir Butt Chamber News Al Madina Trading Co
35 Suhail Iqbal Mian Membership Growth Muhammad Iqbal Hussain & Brothers
36 Manzoor Ul Haq Malik Liaison Industrial Option
37 Kamran Khan Pulp & Paper Flying Paper Mill
38 Ch. Mohammad Sadiq Business Dispute Resolving Insha Industries
39 Khalid Taj Sui Gas+ CNG Taj International
40 Mian Shahabul Khan Court Matters Qadria Board
41 Malik Mudassar Public Relation Falcon Packages
42 Khawaja Tariq Packaging( Tin Corrugation ) Ayub Packages
43 Aamir Match Industry Fazal Match Industry
44 Muhammad Younas Shoe Industry Rightway International
45 Adil Mehmood Textile Industry Adil Textile Pvt. Ltd.
46 Zafar Iqbal Industrial Department Khalifa Papers
Note: Co-Chairmen & Members to be announced soon.

Jamal Pipe Industries (Pvt.) Ltd.

Page - 23
Industrial Option January 2009 | industrialoption.com

Global Food Crisis: A

Bowl of Opportunities
for Muslim World
By: Rafi-uddin Shikoh & Shuriah Niazi (http://www. dinarstandard.com, An American Economic Think-Tank)

While developed countries are
directing their attention to the tur-
moil in the financial sector - far less
attention is being paid to the global
food price crisis--- a crisis that is
having a more immediate and life
threatening impact on the global
masses.
world’s top producer of buffalo/goat
milk (#2/#4), buffalo/ goat meat (#2),
chick-peas (#2), and sugar cane (#5);
Bangladesh is a leading producer of rice
(#4), jute (#2), goat milk/meat (#2, #4);
and Indonesia is a leading producer of
coconuts (#1), green beans (#2), tropi-
cal fruits (#2), eggs (#3), and rice (#3)
revenue windfalls have eased the impact
of the food crisis in these countries. As
these Gulf and other oil rich Muslim
economies look to invest their revenue
windfall towards domestic infrastructure
and industrial rehauling-the agricultur-
ally endowed, yet poorer Muslim world
economies provide a unique investment

According to a recent report from

Oxfam, a global non-governmental
organizations working to fight poverty,
prices of staple foods have seen in-
creases ranging from 30 per cent to 150
per cent in 2007 and 2008. The impact of
which, according to the World Bank, has
increased the number of malnourished
people worldwide by 119 million in 2007
and 2008 bringing the total to nearly one
billion people (967 million) worldwide.

From Egypt, Indonesia, Bangladesh,

and Sudan, to Pakistan--many Muslim
majority countries are facing some of
the worst pains of this global crisis. For
example, Oxfam’s recent report, “Food
Crisis in Pakistan: Real or Artificial”, says
the number of poor in the country has
risen from 60 to 77 million since 2007
because of food inflation. Infact food
related riots have been seen in many of in addition to many other agricultural opportunity for them.
these countries. Ironically, it’s these same products.
economies which are some of the most This analysis looks at how the oil-rich
agriculturally endowed in the world. Conversely, the oil-rich Muslim majority Muslim economies could leverage their
states of the Arabian Gulf have become existing relationships with agriculture
According to the UN’s Food & Agri- the biggest beneficiaries of the other glo- based Muslim economies (which have a
cultural Organization, Pakistan is the bal crisis - the energy shortage. Record wide productivity gap with the worlds

Page - 24
Industrial Option
net agriculture exporters) taking them
to globally competitive levels; reaping
for themselves high investment returns,
securing their own food sources, and
contributing to alleviation of the food
crisis from other Muslim countries.
The Impact and Drivers
We are all feeling the pinch from rising
food prices. For us-the fortunate ones -
who can afford internet access and read
magazines-- the food crisis may translate
into eating out less, or cutting down on
buying expensive groceries. However, for
approximately 2.7 billion of the world’s
population who spend 80% of their
income on food (source: Oxfam)-this is
serious. In Pakistan, the poorest one-fifth
of the country’s population spends 50 to
58 per cent of its income on buying ce-
real foods alone. The skyrocketing wheat
prices, therefore, becomes a matter of
life and death for the extremely poor.
This dramatic spike in food prices has
been attributed to various complex and
interlocking reasons. Growing global
demand (particularly from large, emerg-
ing economies such as China and India),
unfair world trade rules, skimpy wheat
harvests, speculation in the commodi-
ties market, increased use of farmland
to produce bio fuels (to offset high fuel
prices), years of neglect in investing in
agricultural sectors, and climate change
are all playing a part.
The global push for bio fuel crops, which
then take food crops out of production,
is playing a significant role in raising pric-
es. World Bank analysts have estimated
that bio fuel production has accounted
for 65 percent in the rise of world food
prices, while the International Monetary
Fund (IMF) has concluded that bio fuel
production is responsible for a significant
part of the jump in commodity prices.
Another significant contributor is the
growing global demand for products like
meat and grain, and a corresponding lack
of supply.Years of under-investment in
agriculture in poorer countries, and un-
fair trade rules and farming policies that
benefit rich countries, also contribute to
this negative impact.
“The real matter to my mind is grow-
ing consumption - whether it is food or
energy. We need to cut down wasteful
consumption,” said B.G.Vergese, a noted
Indian economic analyst.
The objective of this article is not to
analyze the reasons of the crisis, since
broadly it all boils down to supply and
demand disparities. Rather, our focus is
to concentrate on the unique opportuni-
ties in the market.
The Muslim World - Agriculture Cen-
tered but Food Poor
Many of the 57 OIC (Organization of
Islamic Conference) member countries
are agriculture centered economies
producing a major portion of the world’s
food commodities. As shown in the table
below--Indonesia, Pakistan, Turkey, Iran,
and Egypt have the biggest agriculture
outputs within the Muslim world (by
GDP - PPP contribution.)
Data Source: World Bank - World Devel-
opment Indicator 2007
Most of these top agricultural based
economies are also some of the poorest
and hardest hit by the food crisis. Within
the ten major agricultural Muslim world
economies, Bangladesh, Sudan, Nigeria,
Pakistan and Indonesia have the lowest
GDP Per capita (PPP.)
January 2009 | industrialoption.com
An Opportunity to Lead
While these are some of the poorest
economies in the world,they stand to
DinarStandard.com Analysis based on World Bank -
World Development Indicator 2007, CIA World
Fact Book data
benefit greatly from a growing demand
for food. In Indonesia, according to
Oxfam, the price rises have offered a
huge opportunity for palm oil exports:
these increased by 55 per cent in 2007,
making palm oil the country’s biggest
revenue-generating export, surpassing
even copper, coal, oil, and gas. At the
same time, Indonesia being a beneficiary
of the booming bio fuels sector is expe-
riencing a soaring price of local cooking
oil, making everyday life very difficult for
its people.
A key aspect of the opportunity here
is the low agricultural productivity of
these economies that forms the basis
of the potential. When compared to the
global leaders in agricultural exports,
the agricultural productivity of Muslim
majority agricultural economies lags far
behind. Amongst the largest 10 agricul-
tural economies Egypt, Bangladesh and
Page - 25
Industrial Option
Pakistan are the most productive when
measured by the $ Agricultural output/
square km, whereas Sudan, Nigeria, Alge-
ria and Turkey are the least productive.
The low value productivity has been
attributed by various agencies to under-
investment in the agricultural sector, gov-
ernment mismanagement, and not being
able to attune the agricultural practices
to the developing world.
Thus the number one opportunity is for
these very countries’ public and private
sectors to commit to agricultural devel-
opment and lead the world in fulfilling
global food demand.
Another unique aspect of this oppor-
tunity is the role of the Oil-rich Muslim
majority countries. The most affluent
Muslim majority countries (based on
GDP per capita) are almost all the oil
producing nations of the GCC (Gulf
Cooperation Council) that have ben-
efited from the cash windfall of world oil
dependent energy needs.
The total population of the six members
of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)
- Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi
Arabia and the UAE - rose from around
30 million in 2000 to more than 35 mil-
lion in 2006. GCC food imports cost 10
billion dollars in 2007 where Saudi Ara-
bia, with a population of about 24 million,
remains the largest food importer. As the
table above shows, the GCC countries
that are looking to diversify their invest-
ments can contribute and benefit greatly
by investing in the great agricultural
sector potential of the Muslim world
economies. This also will help them
secure their own food supply needs.
Emerging Private Sector Invest-
ments & Government Initiatives
There are certainly indications that the
Muslim world is taking some actions to
tap into the above stated potential.
At the Government level, recently, the
57 nations of the Organization of the
Islamic Conference have come together
to cooperate on increasing food produc-
tion. Kuwait’s Deputy Prime Minister
Sheikh Dr Mohammad Sabah Al-Salem
Al-Sabah has recently said that Muslim
countries were the most gravely affected
by developmental challenges, namely glo-
bal inflation and shortages in the world’s
food reserves.
This has compelled the Kuwait Govern-
ment to launch several initiatives such as
Kuwait’s “decent living” fund. The Amir
of Kuwait has donated $ 100 million to
establish the fund for “decent living” in
Muslim countries, and another $ 300 mil-
lion to the Islamic Development Bank’s
(IDB) Poverty Fund.
Meanwhile, the Islamic Development
Bank (IDB) has also pledged USD 1.5 bil-
lion toward addressing the food crisis in
its poorest member countries. The pack-
age, known as the Jeddah Declaration,
will be disbursed over a 5-year period
and will include short, medium, and long-
term programs to deal with the crisis.
Faced with a scarcity of fertile land,
water shortages and surging world food
prices, the GCC states are seeking to
secure their food supplies by investing in
agriculture abroad. Saudi Arabia and the
United Arab Emirates, the top food im-
porters among GCC countries, are now
looking to Asia and Africa as opportuni-
ties for agricultural investments.
On the private sector side, it seems that
many GCC companies are looking at
establishing agricultural ventures in other
nearby countries.
One reported UAE project to develop
more than 70,000 acres (28,328 hec-
tares) of arable land in Sudan is in line
with this strategy. Being Africa’s largest
country, it has abundant water resources
including the Nile River, the world’s long-
est river. However, Sudanese agriculture
remains massively underdeveloped,
although it employs 80 percent of the
workforce, with much of the population
reliant on subsistence agriculture.
Egypt and Pakistan have also been target-
ed by Saudi Arabia and the UAE for food
projects.
Some recent transactions/ initiatives are
as follows (Source: http://www.grain.
org/go/landgrab):
* In August 2008, three Gulf firms -- Abu Dhabi
Investment House, Ithmaar Bank and Gulf Finance
House – announced the creation of AgriCapital, a
new Islamic investment fund. The US$1bn invest-
ment vehicle will engage in land purchases overseas
to produce food for the region.
* MAP (Market Access Promotion) Services
Group, an international investment firm, has joined
other Gulf partners to form a Middle East Food
January 2009 | industrialoption.com
Fund that will collectively invest in food production
in nearby countries for the Gulf market. MAP will
also develop 10 model dairy and livestock farms
in Pakistan through private equity, small enterprise
development and donor facilitation in 2008–10.
* On 7 September 2008, Kuwait’s Minister of
Finance signed what his Sudanese counterpart
called a “giant” strategic partnership deal with the
government in Khartoum. Under the agreement,
the two will invest jointly in food production,
presumably in Sudan, including cattle.
* The Qatar Company for Meat and Livestock
Trading Mawashi has established a sheep farm in
western Sudan and has signed a memorandum of
understanding with the country for further expan-
sion in livestock farming. It also has bilateral agree-
ments with two Tajik livestock companies. Qatar
Livestock Mawashi has also committed US$1bn to
develop industrial livestock farms in Pakistan.
* In August 2008, the BinLaden Group signed an
agreement to invest at least US$4.3bn, on behalf
of a consortium of 15 Saudi investors known as
the Middle East Foodstuff Consortium, to develop
500,000 ha of riceland in Indonesia.
* Hail Agricultural Development Company
(HADCO), a Saudi agribusiness firm, has leased
25,000 acres (10,117 ha) for US$95m north of
Khartoum to produce food and feed for export to
Saudi Arabia.
* Abraaj Capital, a private equity firm manag-
ing US$5bn of assets, has, together with the UAE
government, reportedly acquired some 800,000
acres (about 324,000 ha) of supposedly “barren”
farmland in Pakistan over the last year to produce
rice and wheat for export to UAE.
Envisioning a food market to the
world
There are certainly many, many chal-
lenges in improving the productivity of
the agriculturally endowed Muslim world
economies. Ineffective management of
water resources, soil fertility; in effective
access to markets, credit and input; and
lack of R&D are all known hurdles.
However, given the already existing
strong relationship of the GCC coun-
tries with agriculturally endowed Muslim
world economies and the investment
pool available, the GCC countries can
play a leadership / innovative role. With
a coordinated investment strategy they
could support government driven infra-
structure initiatives as well as investing in
individual farming practices resulting in
securing their own food supplies as well
as investment returns.
In many ways this type of leadership is
akin to Dubai’s very impressive approach
to becoming the new world tourism
destination which the rest are following.
Perhaps a spirited human impacting vi-
sion could also enable it to establish the
Muslim world as the leading food basket
to the world.
Page - 26
Industrial Option
Student’s Corner
Why Should I get Education?
The purpose of education is dependent on the form of the family and so-
ciety, and the historical context and place an individual is raised within.
By: Muzayyan Manzoor
Student FC College
The purpose of education is dependent
on the form of the family and society,
and the historical context and place an
individual is raised within. The current
context is one of rapid economic glo-
balization oriented towards knowledge-
based industries aimed at increasing
human longevity and enhancing human
capabilities.
This form of society recognizes the
individual as being the source of legiti-
mate authority and responsible for both
self-conduct and the preservation of the
society. Such a society is constituted of
ever-expanding spheres of local au-
tonomy, beginning with the individual and
proceeding outward through the family
and voluntary associations, followed by
city, county, regional, national and global
political jurisdictions. The importance of
each sphere of local autonomy is directly
proportional to the closeness to the
individual, who holds ultimate respon-
sibility, through their representatives,
for the consequences of the exercise of
delegated authority and power. The most
important sphere of local autonomy is
the individual and the immediate family
and the least important are global juris-
dictions.
Individuals within our form of society
have a dignity that cannot be taken
away from them by any power on earth
because of their unique moral capacity;
they are their own masters, they choose
Individuals within our form of society have
a dignity that cannot be taken away from
them by any power on earth because of
their unique moral capacity;
their own ends and do not have their
ends chosen for them. Individuals are
recognized as created beings; they did
not create themselves and cannot give
away the rights and responsibilities that
come to them from outside themselves.
Due to this inherent dignity and as the
individual source of political authority,
learning self-control is vital to educa-
tional success. Students develop self-con-
trol through learning to obey authority
that they accept as legitimate. If students
never learn to obey others, they can
hardly learn to obey their own inter-
nal restraints; they will have recurring
trouble resisting harmful vices or issuing
orders while leaving people’s dignity
intact. They will, therefore, have difficulty
achieving happiness or justice. Parents
and teachers are obeyed because they
possess superior knowledge that stu-
dents both need and desire, exhibiting a
natural hierarchy.
Desiring to excel at acquiring knowledge
develops the kind of character necessary
for the preservation of our form of soci-
ety. Developing character and achieving
January 2009 | industrialoption.com
happiness is the terminology of secular
education; within religious education, this
is called the formation of the soul, both
types of education are prevalent in our
society. To develop character means to
refine our coarse emotional states and
base desires into civilized and tasteful
emotional states and higher desires. It
also means to seek the truth, in commu-
nity with others, sharing common mean-
ings within a clear and practical language,
doing good oneself and promoting good
in the larger spheres of local autonomy.
Once these basics of education have
been mastered, the student has the
conceptual tools necessary to go deeper
into any single fundamental realm or into
interdisciplinary areas between realms.
Teachers guide students into studies of
works proven to have permanent worth.
A student might choose to learn more
between the realms of meaning and
purpose, such as law or anthropology,
or between the realms of purpose and
truth, such as medicine or engineer-
ing, or between the realms of truth and
meaning, such as economics or business.
The most general learning, relying equally
on the tripod of the basic curriculum
within all three realms, is in the areas of
history, philosophy, politics and religious
thought. This is the knowledge all individ-
uals within representative democracies
should attempt to achieve, at least to the
degree that informed decisions are pos-
sible. Representatives themselves require
this most generalized knowledge during
periods of rapid technological, indeed,
revolutionary changes of unknown scope
and duration.
The purpose of education is the preser-
vation and enhancement of knowledge
and the development of character within
our given form of society which will best
prepare the individual for the conditions
of extreme novelty the near future is
bringing.
Page - 27
Industrial Option
Survival Tips for Managing
During an Economic Downturn
Running or managing a small business
often leaves little time to keep track of
national, and even regional, economic
indicators that might affect your industry
and your specific operation. Yet condi-
tions such as interest rates, inflation,
gross national product, stock prices and
consumer confidence have direct impact
on your profitability and on relation-
ships with vendors, customers and even
employees.
During periods of economic decline,
whether widespread or cyclical for a
particular type of business, entrepre-
neurs are most likely to bear the brunt.
Yet the fact that conditions are changing
opens up opportunities for resource-
ful firms to outsmart larger competi-
tors who, during a downturn, carry on
business as usual or are unable to adapt
quickly -- except to fire employees. Such
innovative small firms can:
“Gain market share by tak-
ing it away from competitors
unable to adjust to shifting
market conditions.
Maintain a strong cash
stream throughout the down-
turn, in contrast to other
companies that may have li-
quidity problems.
Become a leaner, more cost- stock. This way if sales nosedive, less of
effective and more efficient assets.
operation, better positioned
to do well when the market
improves.”
The challenge is to be aggressive and
imaginative. Entrepreneurs who survive
and even prosper during hard times
must be able to look beyond the present,
to overcome the constraints of tradition,
to see the firm from a new perspective,
and to do business differently.
Here are 14 specific recommendations
for small business owners and managers
to follow during economic upheavals:
1. Watch your inventories carefully,
but don’t hold them down so tight that
you’ll lose sales. Typically during a slow-
down, there is an imbalance between
slumping retail sales and bloated inven-
tories -- don’t be saddled with leftover
merchandise that ties up your cash flow.
One possibility is converting inventories
“During periods of eco-
nomic decline, whether
widespread or cyclical for
a particular type of busi-
ness, entrepreneurs are
most likely to bear the
brunt”
into cash. If your business traditionally
stocks 250 units of each of its slowest-
moving products, consider cutting that
number to 100 each. Monitor the results,
keeping an eye out for those products
that can tolerate even leaner inventories
or that should be eliminated from your
your cash is locked into unproductive
2. Taking that point further, monitor 4.
your cash flow very diligently, and fore- build up your capital reserves. Watch
cast it monthly to ensure that expenses
and planned expenditures are in line
with accounts receivable. Make sure
your financial statements provide infor-
mation that is timely, relevant and accu-
rate. Cash flow statements are superior
in this regard to income statements and
balance sheets. Be able to project where
you will stand three months in advance.
Negotiate with suppliers, contractors
January 2009 | industrialoption.com
and landlords for better prices or short-
term reductions, and even consider
trading goods and services on a barter
exchange for credits instead of for cash.
Take advantage of supplier discounts for
prompt payment, and don’t pay checks
for no-discount bills before they’re due.
If the cash bind has already surfaced, talk
to creditors before the bills are past due
to persuade them to extend payments
of your current bills. Your chances of
getting their cooperation will lessen
if you wait until they send collection
memos. Keep in mind that suppliers’
credit managers will be more receptive if
your payment history is a solid one, and
you can assure them future bills will be
paid on time.
3. Separate the “nice to do” from the
“have to do,” and eliminate nonessen-
tial expenses as much as possible. Ask
yourself, is that activity necessary? If
not, don’t do it. Also consider cutting
personal spending. Simple solutions such
as brown bag lunches and car pooling
can make a difference.
Reduce or stretch out debt, and
the credit¬worthiness of your custom-
ers, even bread and butter accounts.
Remaining close to existing customers,
and checking to see how they are getting
on during the economic downturn, not
only helps avoid unpleasant surprises but
could also lead to new opportunities.
Besides, when sales are sluggish, keeping
in touch with customers (always a sound
business practice) becomes vital to head
Page - 28
Industrial Option
off eager competitors. If appropriate,
encourage sales people to call on every
customer on a regular basis, and set
aside some of your own time to do the
same. Frequent face-to-face meetings
with your client base provides an excel-
lent opportunity – probably your only
one -- to pacify disgruntled customers
and win back lost ones.
Try to lock up long-term contracts with
your most important customers at any-
thing approaching acceptable terms. Of-
fer prepayment incentives, for example,
With this in mind, commit yourself to
subleasing a set percentage of your com-
pany’s space. By consolidating opera-
tions and removing unused equipment,
you may find that much of the space
you thought you had to have was simply
draining the bottom line.
9. Now is the time to be prudently
aggressive in the marketplace. Actively
seek out new business, and perhaps add
a salesperson or two or an extra service
to give you an edge over competition.
January 2009 | industrialoption.com
lessened during tough economic times.
Studies show that perception of service
is fixed primarily in terms of time in a
customer’s mind. Three examples are:
waiting time to obtain service; reaction
time to deliver service; and length of
time of the service. In banks or stores,
or phoning in orders or for information,
prospective customers will walk out
or hang up if their time perception is
strained.
12. Historically, many businesses
reduce advertising and promotional

10.
and discounts on long-term buys. expenditures rather than slash fixed
Similarly, don’t skimp on costs during hard times. However, stud-
5. Get aggressive with collections.
service and quality by being understaffed.
Options include freelancers, consultants
ies have shown that those maintaining or
increasing ad outlays during slowdowns
According to the partner of a consulting and part-time employees. One advantage wind up outselling rivals who cut back.
firm, “when business is good, companies of a slowdown is that hiring gets easier
tend to become lazy about collecting on
receivables. This can prove dangerous
in a recession.” Assume that the average
“According to management consultant
collection period for your industry is 45
days, but your company is at 51 days. Af-
Donald Blumberg, author of Managing
ter bringing that collection period down
to the industry average, keep working to
Service as a Strategic Profit Center, cus-
get it down to 40 days. Being tough with tomers will temper their time demands
customers may be unpleasant, but it’s an
important safeguard against the effects of when they see store employees busy
a prolonged economic slowdown.
helping other customers. But they will
6. In a related vein, look hard at not be so tolerant when clerks are chat-
capital spending. Consider delaying both
the purchase of high ticket items and
expansion plans that take a long time to
ting with one another or on the phone
pay off. At the same time, make sure you
have enough capacity to start filling or-
while waiting customers are ignored.
ders again when the economy stabilizes. An informal, friendly attitude by owner-
7. Strengthen your banking relation- managers is key to a happy workplace,
ships, which includes letting lenders
know the company’s financial position.
with emphasis clearly placed on the im-
Banks are looking for business to boost
their income, but are also trying to
portant role all employees play in meet-
minimize risk, so they are careful about
what kind of loans they undertake. Most
ing customer needs for attentive, timely
experts agree, however, that seeking ad-
ditional credit during a recession is not
service”
advisable. because there are more candidates from Savvy marketers can boost sales and
which to choose due to layoffs and other market share, even if the industry in

8. Look for opportunities to reduce

rented space. If, similar to many compa-
nies, you acquired space in anticipation
of staff expansion that ultimately proved
unnecessary, this may be a good time to
sublet that space -- thus reducing over-
head and generating extra income.
cutbacks.
11. In strategizing how to build
your customer base and induce cur-
rent customers to raise revenues, the
importance of good service cannot
be overstressed -- especially as their
buying power or willingness to spend is
which they compete is in a slump, by fo-
cusing on short-term tactical techniques
such as sales and price promotions (in-
cluding cents-off coupons and rebates),
and tailoring advertising in response to
the shaky economic climate.

Sh. Abdul Ghafoor & Sons

Page - 29
Industrial Option
Pakistan Timeline
1906 - Muslim League founded as forum
for Indian Muslim separatism.
1940 - Muslim League endorses idea of
separate nation for India’s Muslims.
1947 - Muslim state of East and West
Pakistan created out of partition of India
at the end of British rule. Hundreds of
thousands die in widespread communal
violence and millions are made homeless.
1948 - Muhammed Ali Jinnah, the first
governor general of Pakistan, dies.
1948 - First war with India over disputed
territory of Kashmir.
Military rule
1951 - Jinnah’s successor Liaquat Ali
Khan is assassinated.
1956 - Constitution proclaims Pakistan
an Islamic republic.
1958 - Martial law declared and General
Ayyub Khan takes over.
1960 - General Ayyub Khan becomes
president.
War and secession
1965 - Second war with India over
Kashmir.
1969 - General Ayyub Khan resigns and
General Yahya Khan takes over.
1970 - Victory in general elections in
East Pakistan for breakaway Awami
League, leading to rising tension with
West Pakistan.
1971 - East Pakistan attempts to secede,
leading to civil war. India intervenes in
support of East Pakistan which eventu-
ally breaks away to become Bangladesh.
1972 - Simla peace agreement with India
sets new frontline in Kashmir.
1973 - Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto becomes
prime minister. Increased public mo-
tivation.
Zia takes charge
1977 - Riots erupt over allegations of
vote-rigging by Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto’s Pa-
kistan People’s Party (PPP). General Zia
ul-Haq stages military coup.
1978 - General Zia becomes president.
1979 - Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto hanged.
1980 - US pledges military assistance to
Pakistan following Soviet interven-
tion in Afghanistan.
1985 - Martial law and political parties
ban lifted.
1986 - Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto’s daughter
Benazir returns from exile to lead PPP in
campaign for fresh elections.
1988 August - General Zia, the US am-
bassador and top Pakistan army officials
die in mysterious air crash.
Ghulam Ishaq Khan takes over as acting
president, and is later elected to the
January 2009 | industrialoption.com
post.
Bhutto comeback
1988 November - Benazir Bhutto’s PPP
wins general election.
1990 - Benazir Bhutto dismissed as
prime minister on charges of incompe-
tence and corruption.
1991 - Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif be-
gins economic liberalisation programme.
Islamic Shariah law formally incorporated
into legal code.
1992 - Government launches campaign
to stamp out violence by Urdu-speaking
supporters of the Mohajir Quami Move-
ment.
1993 - President Khan and Prime Min-
ister Sharif both resign under pressure
from military. General election brings
Benazir Bhutto back to power.
Politics and corruption
1996 - President Leghari dismisses
Bhutto government amid corruption
allegations.
1997 - Nawaz Sharif returns as prime
minister after his Pakistan Muslim League
party wins elections.
1998 - Pakistan conducts its own nuclear
tests after India explodes several devices.
1999 April - Benazir Bhutto and her
husband convicted of corruption and
given jail sentences. Benazir stays out of
the country.
1999 May - Kargil conflict: Pakistan-
backed forces clash with the Indian
military in the icy heights around Kargil
in Indian-held Kashmir. More than 1,000
people are killed on both sides.
1999 October - Prime Minister Nawaz
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Industrial Option
Sharif overthrown in military coup led
by General Pervez Musharraf. Coup is
widely condemned, Pakistan is suspend-
ed from Commonwealth.
2000 April - Nawaz Sharif sentenced to
life imprisonment on hijacking and ter-
rorism charges.
2000 December - Nawaz Sharif goes
into exile in Saudi Arabia after being
pardoned by military authorities.
2001 20 June - Gen Pervez Musharraf
names himself president while remain-
ing head of the army. He replaced the
figurehead president, Rafiq Tarar, who
vacated his position earlier in the day
after the parliament that elected him
was dissolved.
2001 July - Musharraf meets Indian Prime
Minister Atal Behari Vajpayee in the first
summit between the two neighbours in
more than two years. The meeting ends
without a breakthrough or even a joint
statement because of differences over
Kashmir.
2001 September - Musharraf swings in
behind the US in its fight against terror-
ism and supports attacks on Afghanistan.
US lifts some sanctions imposed after
Pakistan’s nuclear tests in 1998, but
retains others put in place after Mushar-
raf’s coup.
Kashmir tensions
2001 October - India fires on Pakistani
military posts in the heaviest firing along
the dividing line of control in Kashmir
for almost a year.
2001 December - India imposes sanc-
tions against Pakistan, to force it to take
action against two Kashmir militant
groups blamed for a suicide attack on
parliament in New Dehli. Pakistan retali-
ates with similar sanctions.
2001 December - India, Pakistan mass
troops along common border amid
mounting fears of a looming war.
2002 January - President Musharraf bans
two militant groups - Lashkar-e-Toiba
and Jaish-e-Mohammad - and takes steps
to curb religious extremism.
2002 January - Musharraf announces that
elections will be held in October 2002
to end three years of military rule.
2002 April - Musharraf wins another five
years in office in a referendum criticised
as unconstitutional and fraught with ir-
regularities.
2002 May - 14 people, including 11
French technicians, are killed in a suicide
attack on a bus in Karachi. The following
month 12 people are killed in a suicide
attack outside the US consulate in the
city.
Missile tests
2002 May - Pakistan test fires three
medium-range surface-to-surface Ghauri
missiles, which are capable of carry-
ing nuclear warheads. Musharraf tells
nation that Pakistan doesn’t want war
but is ready to respond with full force if
attacked.
January 2009 | industrialoption.com
2002 June - Britain and US maintain dip-
lomatic offensive to avert war, urge their
citizens to leave India and Pakistan.
2002 August - President Musharraf
grants himself sweeping new powers,
including the right to dismiss an elected
parliament. Opposition forces accuse
Musharraf of perpetuating dictatorship.
2002 October - First general election
since the 1999 military coup results in a
hung parliament. Parties haggle over the
make-up of a coalition. Religious parties
fare better than expected.
2002 November - Mir Zafarullah Jamali
selected as prime minister by the Na-
tional Assembly. He is the first civilian
premier since the 1999 military coup
and a member of a party close to Gen-
eral Musharraf.
2003 February - Senate elections: Ruling
party wins most seats in voting to the
upper house. Elections said to be final
stage of what President Musharraf calls
transition to democracy.
2003 June - North-West Frontier Prov-
ince votes to introduce Sharia law.
Kashmir ceasefire
2003 November - Pakistan declares
a Kashmir ceasefire, which is swiftly
matched by India.
2003 December - Pakistan and India
agree to resume direct air links and to
allow overflights of each other’s planes
from beginning of 2004 after two-year
ban.
President Musharraf survives an attempt
on his life; bombs explode under a bridge
seconds after his car passes over it.
2004 February - Leading nuclear scientist
Dr Abdul Qadeer Khan admits to having
leaked nuclear weapons secrets. Technol-
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Industrial Option
ogy is said to have been transferred to
Libya, North Korea and Iran.
2004 April - Parliament approves crea-
tion of military-led National Security
Council. Move institutionalises role of
armed forces in civilian affairs.
2004 May - Pakistan readmitted to Com-
monwealth.
Factional violence in Karachi: Senior
Sunni cleric shot dead; bomb attack on
Shia mosque kills 16, injures 40.
2004 June - Military offensive near Af-
ghan border against suspected al-Qaeda
militants and their supporters after at-
tacks on checkpoints. Earlier offensive, in
March, left more than 120 dead.
2004 August - Shaukat Aziz is sworn in as
prime minister. In July he escaped unhurt
from an apparent assassination attempt.
2004 December - President Musharraf
says he will stay on as head of the army
having previously promised to relinquish
the role.
2005 January - Tribal militants in Ba-
lochistan attack facilities at Pakistan’s
largest natural gas field, forcing closure
of main plant.
2005 7 April - Bus services, the first in
60 years, operate between Muzaffarabad
in Pakistani-administered Kashmir and
Srinagar in Indian-controlled Kashmir.
More than 200 suspected Islamic ex-
tremists are detained at premises which
include religious schools and mosques.
The move comes after deadly attacks in
the British capital; three of the bombers
visited Pakistan in 2004.
2005 August - Pakistan tests its first,
nuclear-capable cruise missile.
Kashmir quake
2005 8 October - An earthquake, with
its epicentre in Pakistani-administered
Kashmir, kills tens of thousands of peo-
ple. The city of Muzaffarabad is among
the worst-hit areas.
2006 January - Up to 18 people are
killed in a US missile strike, apparently
targeting senior al-Qaeda figures, on a
border village in the north.
2006 February - More than 30 people
are killed in a suspected suicide bomb
attack and ensuing violence at a Shia
Muslim procession in the north-west.
2006 April - A suspected double suicide
bombing kills at least 57 people at a
Sunni Muslim ceremony in Karachi.
2006 August - Security forces kill promi-
nent Balochistan tribal leader, Nawab
Akbar Bugti. Protests over his death turn
violent.
2006 October - Raid on an Islamic semi-
nary in the tribal area of Bajaur border-
ing Afghanistan kills up to 80 people,
sparking anti-government protests. The
army says the madrassa was a training
camp for militants.
2006 December - Pakistan says it has
successfully test-fired a short-range
missile capable of carrying a nuclear
warhead.
2007 January - Islamabad rejects an as-
sertion by the head of US National Intel-
ligence that al-Qaeda leaders are hiding
out in Pakistan.
2007 January-June - Tension mounts
between the government and the radical
Red Mosque in Islamabad.
2007 February - Bombings in different
January 2009 | industrialoption.com
parts of the country, including at Islama-
bad’s Marriott Hotel and the internation-
al airport, kill a number of people.
68 passengers, most of them Pakistanis,
are killed by bomb blasts and a blaze
on a train travelling between the Indian
capital New Delhi and the Pakistani city
of Lahore.
Pakistan and India sign an agreement
aimed at reducing the risk of accidental
nuclear war.
Musharraf targets judiciary
2007 March - President Musharraf
suspends the Chief Justice Iftikhar Mo-
hammed Chaudhry, triggering a wave of
anger across the country.
First joint protests held by the parties of
exiled former prime ministers Benazir
Bhutto and Nawaz Sharif.
2007 March-April - Officials say around
250 people have been killed in fighting
between South Waziristan tribesmen
and foreign militants said to be linked to
al-Qaeda.
2007 May - Several killed in Karachi dur-
ing rival demonstrations over dismissal
of Chief Justice Chaudhry. Subsequent
strikes paralyse much of the country.
2007 May - A bomb blast in a hotel in
Peshawar kills 24.
2007 June - President Musharraf extends
media controls to include the internet
and mobile phones amid a growing chal-
lenge to his rule.
2007 July - Security forces storm the
Red Mosque complex in Islamabad fol-
lowing a week-long siege.
Supreme Court reinstates Chief
Justice Chaudhry.
2007 July - Ms Bhutto, President Mushar-
raf hold a secret meeting in Abu Dhabi
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Industrial Option
on a possible power-sharing deal.
2007 August - Supreme Court rules
Nawaz Sharif can return from exile.
2007 September - Mr Sharif returns but
is sent back to exile within hours.
2007 October - Musharraf wins most
votes in presidential election. The
Supreme Court says no winner can be
formally announced until it rules if the
general was eligible to stand for election
while still army chief.
Nearly 200 people die in fighting with
Islamic militants in North Waziristan,
stronghold of pro-Taleban and al-Qaida
groups.
Ex-prime minister Benazir Bhutto re-
turns from exile. Dozens of people die in
a suicide bomb targetting her homecom-
ing parade in Karachi.
Emergency rule
2007 November - Gen Musharraf de-
clares emergency rule while still awaiting
Supreme Court ruling on whether he
was eligible to run for re-election. Chief
Justice Chaudhry is dismissed. Ms Bhutto
is briefly placed under house arrest.
Caretaker government sworn in.
New Supreme Court - now staffed with
compliant judges - dismisses challenges
to Musharraf’s re-election.
Pakistan’s Chief Election Commissioner
announces that general elections to be
held on 8 January 2008.
ZAIN Board & Coating
Nawaz Sharif returns from exile again.
Musharraf resigns from army post and is
sworn in for second term as president.
Bhutto assassinated
2007 15 December - State of emergency
lifted.
27 December - Benazir Bhutto assas-
sinated at election campaign rally in
Rawalpindi.
2008 January - Elections postponed to
18 February.
Suicide bomber kills more than 20
policemen gathered outside the High
Court in Lahore ahead of an anti-gov-
ernment rally.
Up to 90 fighters killed in clashes in the
tribal region of South Waziristan, near
the Afghan border, where militants have
been openly challenging the army.
2008 February - Parliamentary elections.
The two main opposition parties gain a
clear majority. They later agree to form a
coalition government.
2008 March - Pakistan People’s Party
(PPP) nominee Yusuf Raza Gilani be-
comes prime minister.
2008 May - The disgraced Pakistani
nuclear scientist, Dr Abdul Qadeer Khan,
says allegations he passed on nuclear
secrets are false and that he was made a
scapegoat.
Musharraf steps down
2008 August - The two main governing
January 2009 | industrialoption.com
parties agree to launch impeachment
proceedings against President Musharraf.
Mr Musharraf resigns. Senate Speaker
Muhammad Sumroo becomes acting
president.
PPP leader Asif Ali Zardari - Benazir
Bhutto’s widower - says he will be the
party’s candidate in the presidential elec-
tion set for 6 September.
Former PM Nawaz Sharif pulls his PML-
N out of the coalition government, ac-
cusing the PPP of breaking its promise to
approve the reinstatement of all judges
sacked by former President Pervez
Musharraf.
2008 September - Asif Ali Zardari
elected by legislators as Pakistan’s new
president.
Marriott Hotel in Islamabad devastated
in a suicide truck bombing which leaves
at least 50 dead. An Islamist militant
group claims responsibility.
2008 October - Earthquake in south-
western province of Balochistan leaves
hundreds dead.
2008 November - President Zardari
warns the US military that missile strikes
on Pakistani territory are “counter-pro-
ductive”.
The government borrows billions of
dollars from the International Monetary
Fund to overcome its spiralling debt
crisis.
Page - 33
Industrial Option January 2009 | industrialoption.com

Exclusive AN IDEA CAMPAIGN IS A FIVE STEP PROCESS

Your ideas campaign begins with an innovation challenge
1 based on a business problem or issue.

“How India backed-out from 2 Motivate people to participate in the ideas campaign.

its preemptive Media & War 3 Participants - probably your employees - develop ideas in
a collaborative environment.

Campaign against Pakistan” 4 The most promising ideas are selected and sent to teams
of experts for evaluation.
An Idiot’s Guide to Campaigns
Mr. Imran Aziz writes in his diary 5 The winning ideas are implemented.

1 Innovation Challenge
The innovation challenge is the
focus of your ideas campaign - and
it is worth spending time to get the
challenge just right so that you get
the right ideas.
Challenges are normally the result
of rephrasing problems - or per-
haps business needs or issue - into
short, terse questions which inspire
creative thinking.
On 20th of December 2008, I was sitting
with my wife and was benefitting from
her M.A Political Science & M.A English.
During discussion, we were stuck evalu-
ating Indian aggressive stance on impos-
ing war on Pakistan. In short, after few
hours we agreed to check UN’s point of
view on aggressive or pre-emptive war
against any country.
We began to unite bits and pieces of
our discussion and amazingly ended up
with an innovative idea, the campaign.
My 10 years experience of working with
different private and public sector or-
ganizations nationally and internationally
including law-enforcement agencies also
helped us shaping the right campaign for
right time in benefit of both countries.
The Idea
“In the interest of contesting the India’s
current rush to war, we have composed
the attached “Open Letter with resolution
to United Nations Secretary-General Ban
Ki Moon and to Representatives of the
Member States, on the Declared Intention
of the India to Commit Aggression Against
Pakistan.”

2 Motivation
Once you have formulated your
challenge and set up your ideas
campaign, the next step is to
motivate people to participate!
This may seem obvious, but if you
do not motivate, people will not
participate. And the first step in
motivation is promotion.
The Motivation
Although the Indian government openly
plans a war against Pakistan, U.N. officials
and representatives have neither spoken
out in opposition nor taken any actions that
might prevent the India from embarking
on this violent course.The United Nations
was created explicitly to “save succeeding
generations from the scourge of war” (Pre-
amble, U.N. Charter) and “to take effective
collective measures for the prevention and
removal of threats to the peace…” (Article
1, 1).The U.N. Charter condemns unilateral
attacks across borders when not justified by
self-defense, referring to the need to fend
off an ongoing or clearly imminent attack.
Otherwise, it is obligatory to obtain Security
Council sanction for any such military action.
India has declared his intention to wage a
‘preemptive’ war against Pakistan and is
now seeking to strong-arm its allies and the
Indian congress into support and submis-
sion. As members of Indian Congress rush to
show their obedience and line up to receive
the anticipated spoils of war, the Indian
Administration is now waging a campaign
to convince the people of the India about its
preemptive attack on the soil of Pakistan.
After we have set the basic context of
motivation, we planned to disseminate
the Letter widely to individuals, groups,
and the media and urged them to sign
this Letter and to pass it along to others
to sign.

3 Collaborative Idea Development

Once the innovation challenge has
been formulated and the ideas
campaign launched, it is time to
generate ideas. Participants submit
ideas and collaborate on each oth-
ers’ ideas in an open, transparent
environment.
India’s preemptive war is a war of ag-
gression. The Indian policy supporting
the war is not the rule of law, but the
rule of force.
Many people responded and stated
that...
No U.N. resolution can legalize an illegal
war against Pakistan. A war of aggression
against Pakistan violates the United States
Constitution, the United Nations Charter
and the principles of the Nuremberg Tribu-
nal. It violates the collective law of humanity
that recognizes the immeasurable harm
and unconscionable human suffering when
a country engages in wars of aggression to
advance its government’s perceived national
interests.

Page - 34
Industrial Option
Exclusive
The Campaign was launched targeting
20,000 eligible members across the
world, including civil society and key pol-
icy makers for their input and collabora-
tive idea development.
The preemptive war in Iraq is not yet over
but its international fallout has already
begun. A spat has started between India
and Pakistan over whether the doctrine of
preemption can be extended to South Asia.
The US can absorb the costs of war
and reconstruction in Iraq.The Indian
economy is in a take-off stage and is
growing at a healthy rate. A simple
cost-benefit analysis would make it
obvious that it is not in India’s inter-
est to jeopardize its overall stability
and well-being to pursue a misadven-
ture against Pakistan.
We urge the UN Secretary-General and
U.N. members to act now or stand con-
demned as accomplices of aggression, in
defiance of both the clear language of the
U.N. Charter and the desires of the vast
majority of the world’s people and further
consider the following resolution in favor of
humanity.
Final Transcript of Idea
based on collaborative
input - The Resolution
Launched on 27th of December
India’s preemptive war policy is a war
based on immaterial evidence. Under
international law and centuries of com-
mon legal usage, a preemptive war may
be justified as an act of self defense only
where there exists a genuine and im-
minent threat of physical attack.
India’s preemptive war against Pakistan
doesn’t even purport to preempt a
physical attack. It purports to preempt a
threat that is neither issued nor posed.
Pakistan is not issuing threats of at-
tack against the India. It is only the India
which threatens war.
The Indian Administration turns logic
on its head, twisting reality in order to
create the pretext for its war of aggres-
sion. The Administration claims that the
necessary prerequisite of an imminent
threat of attack can be found in the fact
that there is no evidence of an imminent
threat, and therefore the threat is even
more sinister as a hidden threat. The lack
of a threat becomes the threat, which
becomes cause for war.
India’s Perceived preemptive War and
Current Threats Violate the U.S. Con-
stitution, the U.N. Charter and Interna-
tional Law
India’s preemptive war policy and
perceived attack on Pakistan cannot be
justified under any form of established
law.
Article VI of the U.S. Constitution estab-
lishes that ratified treaties, such as the
U.N. Charter, are the “supreme law of
the land.”
The Article 1 of the U.N. Charter estab-
lishes:
“The purposes of the United Nations
are. . . To maintain international peace
and sovereignty, and to that end: to take
effective collective measures for the
prevention and removals of threats to
the peace, and for the suppression of
acts of aggression or other breaches of
the peace and to bring about by peace-
ful means, and in conformity with the
principles of justice and international
law, adjustment or settlement of interna-
tional disputes or situations which might
lead to a breach of the peace. . . .”
Article 2 states that all member states
“shall act in accordance with the follow-
ing Principles: “
“…All members shall settle their inter-
national disputes by peaceful means in
January 2009 | industrialoption.com
such a manner that international peace
and security, and justice, are not endan-
gered.
“All members shall refrain in their inter-
national relations from the threat or use
of force against the territorial integrity
or political independence of any state, or
in any other manner inconsistent with
the Purposes of the United Nations….”
Under this framework, acts of aggression,
such as India’s threatened attack, are to
be suppressed and force is used only as a
last and unavoidable resort.
The U.N. Charter was enacted in 1945
in the aftermath of the devastation and
suffering of World War II. The Charter
was enacted to bring an end to acts of
aggression, “to save succeeding genera-
tions from the scourge of war, which
twice in our lifetime has brought untold
sorrow to mankind.”
Disputes which might lead to a breach of
the peace are required to be resolved by
peaceful means.
Chapter VI of the U.N. Charter, “Pacific
Settlement of Disputes,” requires coun-
tries to “first of all, seek a resolution by
negotiation, enquiry, mediation, con-
ciliation, arbitration, judicial settlement,
resort to regional agencies or arrange-
ments, or other peaceful means of their
own choice.”
No Resolution by the U.N. Security
Council can Legalize a Preemptive War
or First Strike Plan
Responsibility for War Crimes
Neither Indian Congress nor their
President has the right to engage the
India in a war of aggression and any vote
of endorsement, far from legalizing or
legitimizing south Asian war plans, serves
only as ratification of war crimes. Under
the principles of universal accountability
established at Nuremberg, “The fact that
a person who committed an act which
constitutes a crime under international
law acted as Head of State or responsi-
ble Government official does not relieve
him from responsibility under interna-
tional law.”
Taking to the Streets
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Industrial Option
Exclusive
As the India moves at breakneck pace in
execution of its stated policy of South
Asian domination and overt military
interventions, the need for the people to
take action is urgent.
Indian Congress will not stop this policy
of aggressive warfare and regional domi-
nation. Many in Congress are well served
with the tithing of the political profits
and their corporate sponsors who see
Indian military domination as a way to
enforce their interests in the region.
When law will not restrain the govern-
ment, the people must. Indians must take
to the streets in mass numbers in organ-
ized and spontaneous acts of resistance.
The message must be clearly conveyed
that if the Indian Administration refuses
to be accountable to India, domestic law,
to the U.N. Charter, to international law,
to all known standards of just conduct,
then the people of conscience within the
India will rise up to demand accountabil-
ity. And the message must be sent that
the people of the India will not allow the
Indian Administration to spend the blood
of the people of the India and the people
of Pakistan who are not our enemies, in
a needless war.
AND
* deplore the perceived invasion of
Pakistan by Indian forces as an act of
aggression in violation of the United Na-
tions Charter and international law;
* Deeply concerned by the Security
Council’s failure to condemn the per-
ceived invasion of Pakistan;
* Further concerned about threats
and coercive efforts by the India to influ-
ence the votes of others — in disregard
of clear expressions of popular will and
the principles and the Charter of the
United Nations — on a recent proposal
to invoke Resolution 377 (V) Uniting for
Peace;
* Call upon the Security Council to
ensure that the United Nations plays a
4 Evaluation
Now it is time to evaluate ideas in
order to determine which offer the
most potential to your organisa-
tion.
central role in restoring peace and secu-
rity in Neighboring Countries and South
Asia as whole.
If the Security Council, because of lack
of unanimity of the permanent members,
fails to act with respect to the following
matters relating to international peace
and security,
* then we call upon all Member States
of the United Nations to immediately
convene an Emergency Meeting of the
General Assembly, under the provisions
of General Assembly Resolution 377 (V),
Uniting for Peace, to act.
Illegality of Preventive and Preemp-
tive War
* To declare that preventive and
preemptive war — as advocated and
practiced by the Indian Administration
violate international law and the princi-
ples and Charter of the United Nations;
and
* to impose sanctions against coun-
tries that wage preventive war.
Peace and Security in the South
Asia
* To resolve that, as a matter of urgent
priority, the South Asia should be estab-
lished as a zone of peace respecting the
sovereignty of all states, and the rights
and dignity of all persons, including the
right to self-determination and all forms
of religious belief and expression; and to
consider formation of an independent
body constituting at least three strate-
gies as under:
Legislative Strategy
A) Such strategy shall proclaim govern-
ance of one justifiable and agreed law
under the charter of United Nations
whose purpose shall be to establish
peace. Moreover, thinking of term
“peace” as independent, disjoint and im-
An evaluation matrix is an ideal
initial evaluation tool. It includes
a set of criteria (five is best in our
experience) against which each
promising idea can be measured.
January 2009 | industrialoption.com
partial philosophy without compromise.
Binding it will create will be the ultimate
binding upon all systems and nations
following one set of rules and regula-
tions established by natural law. This will
also take care of norms and notions to
be treated as cohesive whole in a unified
system.
B) For the Legislative Strategy to be
effective, it is necessary to establish an
inference for the jurisdiction of occur-
rence (Incident, Happening) or occur-
rences in between time and space con-
sidering time as occurrence and space as
time of occurrence.
C) To an extent deemed necessary by
paragraph A and B of legislative strategy,
new world order shall witness transna-
tionalisation of nations constituting one
land, one people governed by one Law
against terrorism.
Defensive Strategy
A) The first obligation after acceptance
of common law is the repulsion of the
enemy aggressor who assaults and tries
uncertainty in governed region.
B) Establishment, training and mobiliza-
tion of one force to protect habitants
of universal federation under universal
agreed law.
C) Active aggression to put obstacles in
the way of terrorist squads and disrupt
their attempts to launch terror attacks.
Offensive Strategy
A) Under the visibility of defensive
strategy, if someone transgresses beyond
the norms of defensive preventions then
alleged should be sentenced, ridiculed
or shall face assault of any kind within
criteria of emergence caused.
The better the idea meets each cri-
terion, the higher its score. When a
set of ideas is evaluated by a team
of experts, you get a detailed score-
card of the best ideas.
Page - 36
Industrial Option
Exclusive
5 Implementation
After the ideas campaign, it is important
to implement the creative ideas you
generate. After all, creativity does not
become innovation until the ideas have
been implemented.
President of Pakistan, Asif Ali
Zardari
ISLAMABAD, Dec 29 (APP): President
Asif Ali Zardari on Monday said that
Pakistan wants peace and stability in the
region and wants to promote friendly
ties with all its neighbours including India.
The President was talking to the visiting
Special Envoy and Vice Foreign Minister
of China, Mr. He Yafei, who called on him
here and exchanged views on the cur-
rent situation in the region.
He, however, regretted that instead
of responding to Pakistan’s posi-
tive gestures,India had engaged in a
blame‑game, which was counter‑produc-
tive.
The Chinese Vice Foreign Minister, who
was accompanied by Lou Zhao Hui,
Chinese Ambassador to Pakistan, stated
that Chinese government was concerned
over the current tensions between India
and Pakistan.
Prime Minister Pakistan, Syed
Yousaf Raza Gillani
“We don’t want to get involved in a
India Backed-Out from its Agressive Campaign against Pakistan
29th December: Parnab Denial of Ultimatum
Denying any ultimatum being set for Pakistan
to act, he said, “No ultimatum was set. There
is no question of any ultimatum. Nobody has
set any ultimatum.”
war. I want to assure the House and the
people that we do not want war, but if
aggression is thrust on us, we will stand
united as a proud nation”
Chief Minister Punjab, Mian Shah-
baz Sharif
“…defence of Pakistan is undefeated and
no one can look at the country with evil
intentions…if Pakistan was not a nuclear
power then India would have attacked
it…India is directly involved in the Ba-
lochistan events…Pakistan is an atomic
power and the services of Zulfikar Ali
Bhutto and Mian Nawaz Sharif in making
Pakistan a nuclear power are com-
mendable…whole world has tried to let
Pakistan alone in the Mumbai attacks. If
India provides solid evidence then we
are ready to extend our fullest coopera-
tion to it.”
Shah Mehmood Qureshi
“I want to give a message to India that
we are the torch-bearers of peace and
remain committed to our desire for
peace”
Saudi Foreign Minister Prince Saud
Al‑Faisal
Saudi Foreign Minister Prince Saud
Al‑Faisal said “…that terrorists would
like nothing better than sowing discord
between countries…Saudi Arabia had
January 2009 | industrialoption.com
suggested to the UN to constitute a spe-
cial body under which all countries could
come together to fight terrorism”
Pakistan to establish anti-terror
authority
Islamabad, IANS: Tariq Pervez, who has
just retired as the director general of the
Federal Investigation Agency (FIA), could
head the new body, The News daily
reported Friday.
“Pervez has been assigned the job of
preparing the concept, structure and
mandate of the NCA so that it could
serve the purpose for which it was being
established,” the newspaper said, quoting
an official to add: “The primary objec-
tive of the NCA would be maximum
coordination among different tools and
agencies of the government engaged in
counter-terrorism.”
Note: Mr. Imran Aziz is the first Pakistani
to propose the framework to combat
Terrorism non-violently to international
community and was featured in Denver
Post, USA. To know more about him
check http://www.radf.org
Page - 37
Industrial Option
News & Views
Pakistan urges US to stop
Israel incursion in Gaza
Pakistan on Monday has urged United
State to stop Israel incursion in Gaza
and also demanded earlier release to
Pakistani suspect Aafia Siddique, who is
under US custody.
Prime Minister Yousuf Raza Gilani met
US delegation comprising of US Assistant
Secretary of State for South Asia Richard
Boucher, US Ambassador to Pakistan
Anne W. Patterson and other US senior
members.
Prime minister asked Boucher to hand
over Pakistani suspect Aafia Siddiqui
along with five more Pakistani kept in
Guantanamo Bay, Aafia is under trial in
US for being al Qaeda suspect.
Gilani also urged US to stop Israel incur-
sion in Gaza.
Issue of raising tension between the
Pakistan and India, and war on terror,
particularly with reference to military
operation in the tribal areas were also
come in discussion.
Pakistani National Security Council Advi-
sor Mahmud Ali Durrani accompanied
prime minister in the meeting.
Boucher arrived here early today and
held talks with Foreign Minister Shah
Mahmood Qureshi.
‘Legislative Cover’ for in-
vestors soon: minister
Federal Minster for Investment Senator
Waqar Ahmad has said that to encour-
age the investors in the country govern-
ment is preparing a “Legislative Cover”
for the protection of the foreign as well
as local investors, besides offering them
some other incentives. He said the work
on Pakistan Iran gas pipeline project has
been expedited to cope with the current
shortage of gas.
The project will not only enhance the
gas availability but it will also be helpful
to make thermal power plants opera-
tional which would ultimately reduce the
power crisis and provide relief to the
massess and the industrialists. Waqar was
talking to media persons here on Sunday
at a local hotel after distributing “Benazir
Income Support Programme Forms”
amongst the needy persons.
He said the government had made spe-
cial arrangements to generate 3000MW
power on emergency basis and by the
end of this year enough electricity would
be available to meet all the requirements
of domestic, commercial and industrial
consumers. He further said “there is no
need to protest against the prevailing
power crisis because the former govern-
ment created it”.
He said the former rulers had not in-
stalled a single power plant during their
eight-year rule that is why the whole
nation is victim of present loadshedding,
he added. He said the present demo-
cratic government was fully aware of the
power and gas situation and making hon-
est efforts to solve the problems but the
masses should be patient as accumulated
problems of the eight years could not be
solved within days. He said Rs 32 billion
had been allocated for Benazir Income
Support Programme to provide financial
assistance to the poor families.
He said the present government was
elected by the people of Pakistan.
President Asif Ali Zardari and Prime
Minister Yousuf Raza Gilani wanted to
solve the problems of the masess. They
had directed all the Federal Ministers to
establish contact with the common man
through “Open Kutcheris”.
Seeking specific incen-
tives: ECC grills Ministry
of Industries
Ministry of Industries has been grilled by
the Economic Co-ordination Committee
(ECC) of the cabinet for seeking com-
pany specific incentives through revised
Letter of Intent (LoI) after the Federal
Board of Revenue (FBR) raised eyebrows
on the issue, official sources told Busi-
ness Recorder.
The sources said Trans Polymers Limited,
a company incorporated in Karachi and
January 2009 | industrialoption.com
a subsidiary of Trans Polymers Hold-
ing Limited, UK, to set up a Polyethyl-
ene (PE) plant at Port Qasim, Karachi
costing about 400 million Euro and to
subsequently establish naphtha cracker
and polypropylene (PP) unit, had also
demanded that the government will
review and increase 10 per cent duty on
polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP)
with the partner countries under the
Free Trade Agreement (FTA).
The firm also wanted the same struc-
tures and tariff with the countries with
which FTA will be negotiated in future.
The sources said when the issue was
tabled before the ECC, presided over by
the Prime Minister’s Advisor on Finance
Shaukat Tarin on December 30, 2008,
Raja Pervez Ashraf, Federal Minister for
Water and Power, raised objection over
the way adopted by the Ministry of In-
dustries and Production to get approval
of a controversial proposal that was not
circulated to all the cabinet members to
go through.
As Raja Pervez Ashraf completed his
arguments, several other ECC members
criticised the ministry for tabling the
summary during the meeting as they
thought that there was no urgency.
The other proposal submitted by the
Ministry on behalf of the firm was that
the government would provide full sup-
port and assistance to TPL as committed
in the incentive package. Government
will also provide full support and assist-
ance to facilitate the smooth implemen-
tation of all aspects of TPL project.
Government’s support and assistance
will continue from now up to financial
closure of the second phase of the TPL
projects ie. Naphtha Cracker and the PP
components of the TPL project. During
this period government will not assist or
extend to any other company, organisa-
tion, manufacturer, investor or any other
party whatsoever, any incentives or con-
cessions relating to PE, Naphtha Cracker
and PP which are the same as or similar
to or which achieve the same result or
broadly the same result as those granted
to TPL, unless the firm is in serious
breach of its material obligations and has
failed to remedy the same with 120 days
of receiving written notice of such seri-
Page - 38
Industrial Option
News & Views
ous breach”.
According to the revised LoI, the Min-
istry also sought guarantee on behalf
of the firm that the incentive package
and all rights granted to TPL would be
irrevocable.
The Ministry was of the view that it
will be appropriate to issue revised LoI,
which irritated almost all the members
of the ECC, the sources continued.
The government has already granted
several incentives to the company, which
are as follows:
i) Duty-free import of ethylene, catalysts,
additives etc used in the production of
PE.
ii) Duty and taxes-free import of new
plant and machinery including equipment
and related components for establish-
ment of cryogenic storage facilities and
infrastructure.
iii) Upward revision of customs duty
from 5 percent to 10 percent for 10
years from the commencement of pro-
duction of PE, and similar duty structure
for PP once its local production starts.
iv) The protected duty of 10 percent will
be withdrawn after three years of com-
mencement of commercial production of
Polyethylene, if the demonstrable work
on the second phase ie naphtha cracker
and PP is not commenced.
v) The Government may review the duty
on PE and PP with the partner countries
under FTA on above lines. Similar struc-
ture may also be maintained for future
FTA negotiations.
The ECC in its meeting on July 1, 2008
considered the summary of the Indus-
tries Ministry and approved it, subject
to the following observations of Federal
Board of Revenue (FBR).
i) Zero rate of customs duty on such
raw materials and catalysts that are not
being manufactured locally and are cur-
rently subject to 5 percent customs duty
is supported.
ii) Import of plant and machinery at 5
percent customs duty, exemption from
sales tax.
iii) Increase in customs duty from 5
percent to 10 percent for 5 years from
the commencement of production of PE
and similar duty structure for PP once its
local production starts.
iv) The protected duty of 10 percent
may be extended after five years of com-
mencement of commercial production
of polyethylene, if naphtha cracker and
PP plants came into production at the
end of this time period. The Ministry had
also pointed out that the proposed plant
would be first of its nature and its next
phase would include establishment of
naphtha cracker and PP production facili-
ties costing around Euro 1 billion.
TPL had indicated that its present PE
production capacity of 310,000 tons
annual has the potential of expanding up
to 400,000 tons. Sources said that the
Industries Ministry had re-examined the
financial viability of the project in line
with the decision of ECC taken in its
meeting on July 1.
TPL also sought assistance of the Gov-
ernment in acquiring 1000 acres land
at Port Qasim for establishment of the
plant and BOI have also offered assist-
ance in acquiring the land, which may
also be considered favourably.
According to official documents, the
ECC in its meeting decided to defer the
consideration of the matter and directed
the ministry to complete its technical
homework before resubmission of the
summary to the ECC.
‘Serious efforts being
made to overcome energy
crisis’
The present government is fully aware of
the energy crisis and it is making sincere
efforts to solve this issue at the earliest
on war footing basis. Federal Minister
for Textile Industry Rana Farooq Saeed
Khan said this while addressing a gather-
ing of traders, businessmen, industrial-
ists and textile exporters in Faisalabad
Chamber of Commerce and Industry
(FCCI) here on Sunday.
January 2009 | industrialoption.com
He termed textile as backbone of na-
tional economy and said that textile and
Faisalabad are interdependent on each
other. “Textile Ministry has been given
to me as I belong to the city of textile”
he said and assured that he would try
his best to develop textile industry on
modern scientific lines in consultation
with all stakeholders.
He said that textile sector was contrib-
uting a major share in foreign exchange
earnings. However, there was still room
to further increase its share, he added.
About prevailing energy crisis, he said
that government was fully alive to it and
serious efforts are being made to resolve
this issue at the earliest. He said that a
high level meeting has been convened
at Islamabad on January 06 to discuss
and resolve the burning issue of gas and
electricity shortage. “We would take
appropriate decisions”, he said and as-
sured that these decisions would also be
implemented in its total earnest.
He also quoted his meeting with textile
owners on December 26 last and said
that most of the issues were settled in it.
But riots erupted in the absence of cred-
ible links between him and textile sector.
“All this happened at a time when situa-
tion was witnessing a positive improve-
ment”, he lamented.
He said that government believes that
textile is the major sector that could
give immediate support to the national
economy. He said that government was
going to donor agencies to get only 4-5
billion dollars.
“I assure government that textile sector
alone could generate an additional in-
come of $10-20 billion if complete infra-
structure facilities were provided to the
textile sector”, he said and added that he
is striving hard for the revival of textile
sector and in this connection Nishatabad
Powerhouse has been put into operation
to end unscheduled load shedding.
He said that meeting of January 06 is
exclusively dedicated to the issue of gas
and electricity. “We would not only take
appropriate decisions but also ensure
100 percent implementation of these
decisions”, he asserted.
Page - 39
Industrial Option
News & Views
Federal Minister for Textile Industry
Rana Farooq said that issues relating to
the resolution of R&D (Research and
Develop-ment), decrease in banks’ mark-
up and access to various international
markets for Pakistan textile products
are also in the pipeline and would be
resolved without any further delay. He
said that a representative of the busi-
ness community would also be inducted
in the Body of Directors (BODs) of
FESCO (Faisalabad Electric Supply Com-
pany) to streamline the issues pertaining
to the load shedding of electricity.
He asked representatives of textile
related organisations to attend a high
level meeting of January 06 and give their
positive suggestions in resolving the
prevailing issues.
Earlier Mian Hamid Javaid president
FCCI in his address of welcome ex-
plained the problems being confronted
by the textile industry and demanded
additional quota of electricity and gas to
cater to the needs of its industries.
Mian Javaid Iqbal former president FCCI
also addressed the meeting. Senior
Punjab Minister Raja Riaz Ahmad, Mian
Muhammad Latif former chairman FIED-
MC , Mian Muhammad Yousuf chairman
Pakistan Textile Exporters Association,
and others representatives of trade and
industrial bodies were also present.
No more unannounced
outage from Saturday
night: Pepco
There will be no more unannounced
power load-shedding across the country
from Saturday night, Spokesman of Pa-
kistan Electric Power Company (Pepco)
Tahir Basharat Cheema assured on
Saturday. Talking to a private TV channel,
he said the company has made sched-
uled load management as its top priority
on the directives of President Asif Ali
Zardari.
Ogra failed to control il-
legal LPG business
The Oil and Gas Regulatory Authority
(Ogra) has made no efforts to stream-
line and control the illegal LPG retail
business in the country’s urban centres
despite opportunity to do so by pro-
moting establishment of LPG Autogas
stations, Business Recorder learnt here
on Saturday.
Sources in the Ogra said that like in the
US, UK and even India, LPG is also used
as an automotive fuel in Pakistan and,
in fact, “it is estimated that well over 50
percent of all LPG available in Pakistan
is being consumed in the automotive
sector.”
They said that unlike other countries,
LPG for vehicles in Pakistan was only
available at illegal LPG decanting points
that pose danger to public life and prop-
erty. These illegal decanting points are
also prone to other malpractices, includ-
ing hoarding and profiteering.
They said that LPG Autogas Policy was
notified in September 2005 with the
expectation that formalisation of LPG
retail business would lead to eradication
of LPG decanting points and provide
motorists with safe and professional
purchase environment. Fasih Ahmed of
LPG marketing company, Lub Gas, told
Business Recorder that “it had also been
expected that the stations, being set up
by licensed LPG marketing companies,
would help maintain lower retail prices”.
He said that after a lapse of more than
three years, not a single LPG Autogas
station was operating in Pakistan. “The
LPG industry maintains that is evidence
of serious flaws in the policy, which im-
poses onerous conditions related to the
size and location of proposed stations
that exceed standards used in the de-
veloped world” he said, and added that
“We are seeing a hear-no-evil, see-no-
evil attitude on the part of the relevant
governmental agencies. “
He said that his company has construct-
ed two LPG autogas stations in Lahore
in line with US standard NFPA58 at a
cost of Rs 50 million, but Ogra had not
allowed these to commence business,
ignoring the betterment of the public
and illegal filling of the LPG.
He said that had these stations not been
stranded, LPG pricing in Lahore would
January 2009 | industrialoption.com
have been very different. “It was very
naïve of us to think that government
policy is meant to be implemented.”
He further said that in February, the
then Petroleum Minister Asif had publicly
committed to reviewing the LPG autogas
policy to make it more conducive for in-
vestment, and bring it in conformity with
internationally-prevalent safety standards
which it currently is not. Earlier this
month, Advisor to Prime Minister on
Petroleum & Natural Resources Dr Asim
Hussain had also asked Ogra to review
the policy. But the status quo continues
amid reports of unchecked LPG black
marketing at retail level across Pakistan.
No load shedding from
February: Ashraf
Minister for Water and Power Raja Per-
vaiz Ashraf on Sunday said load shedding
would be exterminated completely from
the country from February 2009 up to
the advent of summer season. Talking to
a private TV channel, he said the short-
fall of 4,500MW has been narrowed
upto 2,500 MW in last 24 hours due to
prudent measures taken to cope with
the situation.
Elaborating, he said, the independent
power producers have been paid Rs 700
billion thus ensuring increased power
generation from them. He said the situa-
tion was not as bad as being propagated.
The shortfall has been narrowed upto
2,500 MW as compared to 4,200 MW
during the same period last year.
Various short and long term measures
are being contemplated to tackle the
menace of load shedding in the country,
he said and added that a Turkish compa-
ny would start rental power generation
from ship stationed in Karachi.
Kohala, Neelum-Jhelum hydro projects
have already been started while Bhasha-
Diamer dam projects would be initi-
ated soon aiming to exterminate load
shedding forever. Pervez Ashraf appealed
to the customers to conserve energy
in order to reduce the power deficits,
thereby reducing load shedding.
Page - 40
 Respect & Opportunity for All
Engineers
Health Scientists

Educationists
Agriculturists

Government Policies
Policy Makers formation based on
collaborative research
Government
input from Universities
& Institutions.

Scientists

Industrialists

Economists
Businessmen

Happy New Year 2009

This message comes to wish you happiness and every good
thing too, to make this New Year, a wonderful one for you
and then the kind of happiness desired by your heart and
family times, filled with peace and joy, right from the start.
Happy New Year 2009.

Super Theramics (Pvt.) Ltd.

Page - 41
Industrial Option January 2009 | industrialoption.com

New Age Cables (Pvt.) Ltd.

 Raising Black
Flags - Protest
Against Wapda

SCCI Website is just click away!

http://www.scci.net.pk
I valuated my coins
and Got Pakistan...

Soul of Quaid asking present leadership

to valuate their coins to build Pakistan...

Courtesy: Sheikhupura Association of Industry