CHAPTER 2

THE ATMOSPHERE
 CHAP|ER 2: fHE ATMOSPHERE

THEATMOSPHERE,

etab iser so yo! see

I pass.i(r., Daies
yoL nqht croose r. lse rhe mor

mean n!r ilr aid rhe cfeek 0,.r.

'r n9 n'99en iq rhe 6vs.r fie sln
iwe shar be.onsde.nlr Lhe r ehl.r ae,oir3nes

fhe Conpositi.n .f Ihe Atmospherc.

nr es1300kmr buLabour90)ootrhe n3ss.fa, es nthe owe.50000fccr(9m es

.r l5 rfl.i the ar.,osprer
CHAP|ER 2: fHE ATMOSPHERE

up prmar y or Nilrosen (73%) and

oxyqen (2r%) /see Fglre 2 rl Th.

water Vapout and Hunidity

e or a, Gay s smiml D, mass or lvatlr

per unr mJss or a r (say 3 smikq) 'apour
rle \{are, vapou, (r lrrurihe iruence of rhs

orc waref rapoLr as las

re s n the an tl]c hqher lhe ded Ponr w be

i', ,, ,,
 rHE A|MOSPHERE

.hai0 f0 no'n lh. (laseous r0 rh. qurr srare

tr'""':
Ah Pressure and An Density.

s or.atcr th. 9rc.1e, rhe mass of rhos obreds bd qds weaGr * tr-. d iam-.
CHAPIER 2: THE ATMOSPHERE

by an amo!f,r whch is proporlioia lo

rhe Esdh s sudace lsde Fiq,/e 2 .1)

clb. mete The qrealerihe prcs

rhar s the deisily or rrr a,

n geiera. borh eno ie and lghr p

onardenslyisthegrcale.

s ow iolon yw lrre
w be owef loo conse'ruenly n.!de.sly
cond lons at an a med le I hiqh lenDeGl!'e. and hsh a'ne d e evaron). onser

Pressufs is derned as Jo'ce per

*ededbythedmNphgeonDbj
obFd s n mdon

iqrrlsli hea, Dressu.e expressed. senerany n

 CHAPIER 2: fHE A|MOSPHERE

nch In ens neeri9

sut 13rar. pressu.e)

pressure s n the oderor r00000 N

Thepressureof rheaimospriereaclsina drc.ions a.tn9oieve']squsre nchoi

every obied mms*d h I
lsee Frsue 25) For nsrance a 6 foor (r 33 metes)
human beng oi l[e suda.e or rhe

s very h th we n.r not ce lrrts p

'io arnospher. orcssurc Euiwlrei
an.esrhis rrre
p@$u,e nsde any ho os/ oble.i
' by lhe stenqih of rhe obrects srrucrure You

and rhar rhe ror.e o{9ravryacrhq on thar mass

re ason why our almosphere exeds a oressue
onobredsnmeGedn'andwlry

e and densiy along ,lh vararons m rrunidilv

.rafi pedoman@ and on rhe i!ncroni9 otr shr
aeopbnes (cen*a ) votune .i ih 5 sies
CHAPTER 2: f H E Af M O SPHE R E

fhe Temperature of the Atnospherc.

a ijude o..urs /s.. Filrre 2 /l

r rq mjxinq or ruhing

a pobarily ryi9 above rhe *earheL

str.rosoh.G s .. .d rhe Trcp.

tuDrrert and rhs lemperar!re nans.oina.r
35 | .ner* 41. { lurrca qrcarer rhan rher rhe
rempeiaru,e be! i: r. r sc aqa n

Ihe Attuasphe.e and Flight.

y .f rhe .f .hanqe ir *nain

 CHAPIER 2: fHE AIMoSPHERE

a knd or nrefna frctor a.rn9 be

ard dghi be ds.rbed as

es lor an a rcran n flghr

fhe lcAo standard Atnasphere (lsA).

maoceoranarcGrinr qhlas\@ asrheadnss

ro neasud antafl Pedomance a

lvlh passiiq ime
ressu,e.
and

deisly lempe.ar!
toh
hese ptuPedes are
pace ropa.e
el. aqa'nsrrhcr
n

F
temalional civ I Aviarion orsanisar on (lcAo)
nr964 The cAosrandardatmo

.an be sure lrral l,ey 3re \rork n91

The rcAO srandard Ahosphere

lempeiu,e. p@ssurc and denstyw rattude is
lsrGted ar Frqrle 2./ Mean
srai.r/d A'mNphse (wri ch we si! hercdodh
i l[is vo!!i]e. refer tD as lsAl s r0132 m barslr0l32he.ropas.atDr2ee2
Trre SAtemperarure at Meai Sea

deisiry and temperatrc gvei nthsvoume

w rre sAv:!!es rrough hatihe a.rua !a ues
CHAPTER 2: fHE AIMOSPHERE

vaues lrfr.dd h. n lrre oder.ra nr on ro

as sAra ues ) coiseq@.ty as lhe
e rr'c sam

d Airmfr (Gensar) vd!m4 rhsfres

sa rud. n rermsorF thr Leve F shr Levs

The Measurcnent of Tenpehtute.

foinedy c.dsmdel

so a lhouqrr ivi.lon meleorcoq.

ideqreesFar'roiher rvarrfieezesar32oFardb. sar2r2!F..de(]reesccsus

b bo fs pomr so n rhe
rreen l,e bo n9 poi6 orlyarer whereas n rhe
on-. Fahrenre rdegred s on y
5,e rhe ue.r a ce 5 !s deorce (r00/rs0 = 5re)

rhe ro,mu ae ro,.oiv.nig f.om o

Reprcsentative PPL - type questions to test your theoretical
hnowledge of The athosphete.

a rcmft for. q vei lle a speed

b lts lxyqei @nenr Pressu

ei,Deotrc pressue and dcnsily
 f.UrmoslahIi.]anlgaseslhainakeUp

a N rosen 7Ay. Orysen 2r% Afson 0 9510 Ca6on Do re005t;

.i 0 951u Caron Monorde0 05t!

F, iqd ,r" a d o

ever s sA rrurrhe lenperalu,e s r0 c

h]rlrerlhansAlhedenstywbe:

w[ich oi rhe ro ow i(J oprions.o

d He um N {rcqen aid carboi Monordo

 The a fdeisry \i Lma'n unchii(red

h Ce s us.r77'Frrrr.dre l?

. \-n be totnd at the and ol Lhi' b.ot'