SEWAGE WATER TREATMENT PLANT

Introduction:
Sewage treatment is a process of removing contaminants from
wastewater, primary from household sewage. It includes physical, chemical
and biological processes to remove these contaminants and produce
environmentally safer treated waste water. 4-by product of sewage
treatment is usually a semi-solid waste or slurry, called sewage sludge that
has to undergo further treatment before being suitable for disposal or land
application.
The basic function of sewage water treatment is to speed up the
natural processes by which water is purified.

Receiving chamber:
It is the first chamber in which the sewage water is introduced for
purification.

Screening bar:
After the receiving chamber the water flow to the screening bar
chamber in which it flows through a screen, which removes large floating
objects that might clog pipes or damage equipment.

Grit Chamber:
After sewage has been screen, it passes into a grit chamber, where
cinders, sand and small stones settle to the bottom.
Grit chamber is particularly important in communities with combine
sewer system where sand or gravel may wash into sewers along with storm
water.
For small sewage treatment plant, grit chamber may not be necessary, but
grit chamber is desirable at large plants.
Sedimentation tank:
After screening is completed and grit has been removed, sewage still
contains organic and inorganic matter along with other suspended solids.
The solids are minute particles that can be removed from sewage in a
sedimentation tank , when the speed of the flow through one of these tank
is reduced then the suspended solids will gradually sink into bottom where
they form a mass of solids called raw primary bio solids (formerly sludge).
Bio solids are usually removed from tanks by pumping, after which it may
be further treated to use as fertilizer or disposed of an in a land fill or incise
rated.

Filtration tank:
After effluent leaves the sedimentation tank in the primary stage it
flows or is pumped to a filtration tank. A filtration tank is simply a bed of
stones from 3 to 6 feet deep through which sewage passes more recently
inter locking pieces of corrugated plastic or the other synthetic media have
also been in trickling beds. Bacteria gather and multiply on these stones
until they can consume most of the organic matter. The cleaner water
filters out through pipes for further treatment.

Aeration tank:
After the sewage leaves the settling tank in the primary stage, it is
pump into an aeration tank, where it is mine with air and sludge loaded
with bacteria and allowed to remain for several hours. Poring this time, the
bacteria breakdowns the organic matter into harmless by-products.
The sludge now activated with additional billons of bacteria and
other tiny organisms, can be used again by returning it to the aeration tank
or mining with air and new sewage. From the aeration tank, the partially
treated sewage flows to another sedimentation tank for removal of excess
bacteria.

To complete secondary treatment, effluent from the sedimentation

tank is usually disinfected with chlorine before being discharge into
receiving water. Chlorine is fed into the water to kill pathogenic bacteria,
and to reduce odour.
Chlorination will kill more than 99% of the harmful bacteria in an
effluent.