Short Circuit Analysis ( SCT )

Topics
p

X SCT Overview:
Objectives
Definition
Brief theoretical reminder
Activation
ct at o
Main Features
Input
p and Output
p

1
 SCT Objectives

X Objectives of the SHORT-CIRCUIT application :

Determine the short-circuit currents and voltages
which arise due to faults on a power system
Find where fault levels would exceed the breaker
ratings

KV

What if a short circuit

( = fault ) occurs on
this busbar ?

2
 SCT - Fault definition

X Fault types :

3-phase fault z z z

single
s gep phase
ase to g
ground
ou d
fault z

phase-to-phase fault
z

two-phase-to-ground fault z
z

3
 SCT Overview - Activation

X Short
Sh t circuit
i it analysis
l i program is
i activated
ti t d in
i :
Real-time: RTSCT application
(as part of the real-time network sequence)

Study environment: STSCT application

on operator request

X In real-time,
real-time an alarm is issued if any violation
is detected (a fault current exceeds breaker
rating)

4
 SCT Inputs and Outputs

Input ( NETMOM ):
topology FAULTS
network state
component information Fault definitions

O t t
Output
Breaker
violations,
PWRFLOW or RTNET SCT
warnings
NETMOM NETMOM
Breaker
G G maximum
Basecase violations
G G
Postfault
voltages,
currents
and MVA

5
 SCT Main Features

X Flexible fault definition :

selection of any live node of the network as fault location
ffault
lt type
t : three
th phase,
h d
double
bl phase
h (grounded
( d d or not),
t) single
i l
phase
possibility to define the fault impedance
possibility to associate with a fault simultaneous component
outage(s)
possibility
poss b ty to perform
pe o sequential
seque t a line
e outages a
around
ou d the
t e fault
au t
location
filtered output : neighborhood, minimum current level, tolerance
X Use
U off efficient
ffi i t methods
th d :
compensation = THEVENIN = WOODBURY
sparse matrix techniques
X Only user-selected faults are processed
X Broad set of result reporting
p g displays
p y
X Result filtering to limit / expand output
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 Two components of the fault current
from a generator
ia(t)
Non-Periodic component of fault current
( also called asymmetrical )

Periodic ( = AC) component of fault current

( also called symmetrical )

Subtransient Transient Steady state

Only the periodic component can be calculated by classical methods

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 SCT - Solution method for asymmetrical faults :
FORTESCUE symmetrical components
X Transformation of the 3-phase unbalanced
system into 3 balanced 3-phase systems:

c+ a+
Positive-sequence :
3 vectors equal in magnitude
g
symmetrically spaced, at 120 degrees b+
intervals
Negative-sequence b- a-

Zero-sequence
Zero sequence : c-
3 vectors equal in both magnitude and phase

ao bo c o

These 3 systems
y are totally
y independent
and can be represented by a single equivalent schema

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 Determining the effect of faults with STSCT

NETMOM FAULTS

1) Initialize STSCT with data

Fault list
Basecase

2) Define or modify faults SC_FAULT_DEFINITION_ACTIVATION,

Fault definition and activation"

SC_FAULT_DEFINITION _GRP,
Fault definition and activation

SC FAULT DEFINITION ACTIVATION

SC_FAULT_DEFINITION_ACTIVATION,
3) S
Specify
if fault
f lt processing
i Fault definition and activation"

parameters SC_FAULT_DEFINITION _GRP

Fault definition and activation

SC_SOLUTION_OPTIONS,
Solution Options"

4)) Run SCT analysis

y SHORT_CIRCUT_ANALYSIS_STUDY
"Short Circuit Analysis Study

SC_BREAKER_VIOLATIONS

5) Review violations and results "Breaker violations

SC_SOLUTION_RESULTS
"Solution Results

SC_BREAKER_MAX_VIOLATION
Breaker max violations
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 SCT : Starting a SCT analysis

1) Click on the
Start Process
button

2) Click on the
Data
Data Retrieval
Retrieval
button to call up
the Data
Retrieval popup

3) From popup,
enter the
savecase title
and click on
the button for
the savecase to
be retrieved

10
 SCT : Defining Faults

X Define individual fault :

Specify
p y location node of the fault
Specify the analysis type :
Regular
Lineout
Specify fault details :
type (three phase, single phase to ground, ...),
impedance
outaged devices
filters, etc.

X Assign individual faults to fault groups, so you can

conveniently control them
X Validate the fault definition

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 SCT : Defining Faults
Main display

ENTER fault identifier

Click on
Define New Fault

Click on
Select Outage
Devices
to choose the fault
location (next slide)

ENTER
fault
Click on details
Save Selection and
Changes to save fault

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 SCT : Defining faults
Specifying fault location and fault details

Enter fault
details

Select
S l t to
t
specify fault
location

Select to
specify
component
to be
outaged with
the fault 13
 SCT : Short-circuit analysis with
line-out option
X Maximum fault current through a line breaker is when fault is on
the line side with opposite
pp breaker open:
p

5 7 5 7

If = 16 4 A 4
A
If = 16

Bus fault current with line AB open

p =
line-side fault current through breaker A
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 SCT User Interface - Assigning Faults to Faults Groups

1) INSERT fault group records

FLTGRP Fault Group
2) INSERT fault records
FLTGP Individual fault
assigned to group

X Individual faults can belong to more than one group

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 SCT : Validating Faults

SELECT
< >
"Fault Definition" "Log"

MESSAGE TIME/TEXT

VALIDATE

X Checks that faults assigned to groups exist

X Updates activation status of all faults and fault groups

X Updates affected displays

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 SCT : Options

X Pre-fault state selection

Magnitude (in p.u.) of the pre-fault voltage
to be used during the solution. 1.0 means
nominal voltages

X Generator modeling
Define the generator reactance (transient /
sub-transient)) to be used when building
g
the positive sequence matrix

X Load modeling
Indicate whether loads are to be modeled
in the fault study
Note that only a solved voltage solution
should be used when load modeling is
done

X Detailed output selection

ID of a fault for which an entire network
solution will be output on the Network
Bus Summary display

X CB rating threshold:
F t in
Factor i % for
f CB rating
ti violation
i l ti reportt
90% indicates that the flows exceeding
0.9*rating will be reported as warning
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 SCT User Interface - Options

X Busbar Group
definition :
The mode
Th d automatic
t ti
allows to automatically
create three-phase &
g p
single-phase faults at each
busbar of the selected
company in the network.
X All the created faults
are put in a single
group.
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SCT : Master display

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 SCT - Viewing the results :
Short Circuit Results Summary
( Related Displays dropdown menu )

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 SCT - Viewing the results :
Fault Violations directory

X Selecting the Fault

Violations item in the
Fault Results popup
yields the directory of
faults
X Selecting a fault yields
a display that shows
- for that fault - the list
of breakers with a fault
level exceeding a
breaker limit
X ( next slide )

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 SCT - Viewing the results :
Short Circuit Violations display

X The Breaker
Violations view
lists the breaker
violations in
decreasing
severity (with
reference to the
causing fault)
X Violation : fault
current exceeds
CB rating
g

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 SCT - Viewing the results :
Short Circuit Warnings display

X The Breaker Warnings

view lists the breaker
warnings in
decreasing severity
X WARNING : fault
current exceeds
ponderation
percentage of rating

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 SCT - Viewing the detailed results :
Short Circuit Contributions in Study Results popup menu

X Selecting the Short Circuit

Contributions item in the
Results popup menu from
the SCT master display
yields the list of faults
X Select a fault to go to the
di l
display showing
h i detailed
d t il d
results at the faulted bus
and its selected
neighborhood
i hb h d :
voltages
fault currents
fault MVA
X ( Next slide )

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 SCT - Viewing the detailed results for a fault

X The display shows

detailed results:
voltages
fault currents
fault MVA
X at the faulted bus
X and at the components
( buses and branches )
in the selected
neighborhood

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SCT : Detailed results for a selected fault ( line-out case )

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 SCT User Interface - Viewing the results :
Bus Summary display

X For ONE
selected fault
(OPTIONS
display) :
graphic
g p view
of the flows
and voltage
after the fault
at each bus
X Access from
the SCT
display
directory

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 User Interface - Viewing the results :
Breaker Maximum Violations display

X The Breaker Maximum

Vi l ti
Violations di l lists
display li t
the breakers with their
worst violations
( among all studied
faults )
X Access from the SCT
Analyst Displays
dropdown menu

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