Concrete Materials

CIVL 3137 116

 Concrete Ingredients

Portland Cement

Supplementary Cementitious Materials

Chemical Admixtures

Water

Fine Aggregate

Coarse Aggregate

CIVL 3137 117

 Important Aggregate Properties
Crushing strength
Deleterious substances
Shape and surface texture
Hardness
Soundness / Durability
Chemical stability
Gradation
Relative density and absorption
Dry-rodded unit weight
CIVL 3137 118
 Deleterious Substances

Organic Coatings
Dust Coatings
Soft Particles
Lightweight Particles (e.g., coal)
Friable Particles (e.g., shale)
Clay Lumps
Reactive Particles

CIVL 3137 119

 Specifications

TDOT Specs for Concrete Coarse Aggregate

Dust Material Passing No. 200 Sieve < 1%

Flat and Elongated Particles (5:1) < 10%

Clay Lumps Clay Lumps < 0.25%

Lightweight Coal and Lignite < 1%

L.A. Abrasion Loss < 40%

Sodium Soundness Loss < 9%

CIVL 3137 120

 Specifications

TDOT Specs for Concrete Coarse Aggregate

Material Passing No. 200 Sieve < 1%

Shape Flat and Elongated Particles (5:1) < 10%

Clay Lumps < 0.25%

Coal and Lignite < 1%

Hardness L.A. Abrasion Loss < 40%

Soundness Sodium Soundness Loss < 9%

CIVL 3137 121

 Soundness / Durability
(Resistance to Weathering)

Resistance to Wetting/Drying
Resistance to Freezing/Thawing
Resistance to Heating/Cooling

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 Freeze-Thaw Problems

Popouts DCracking

CIVL 3137 123

 Reactive Aggregate (ASR)

MapCracking
CIVL 3137 124
 What is ASR?
Na+ OH
Na+
OH

K+
K+

Na+ Ca++

Ca++ OH K+

CIVL 3137 125

 What is ASR?
Na+ OH
Na+
OH

K+
K+

Na+ Ca++

Ca++ OH K+

CIVL 3137 126

 What is ASR?
Na+
Na+

K+
K+

Na+ Ca++

Ca++ K+

CIVL 3137 127

 What is ASR?

H2 O H2 O

H2 O

H2 O Ca++

Ca++
H2 O
CIVL 3137 128
 ASR Requirements
Reactive
Silica

Sufficient Sufficient
Alkali Moisture

CIVL 3137 129

 Coarse Aggregate

TDOT Specs for Concrete Coarse Aggregate

Application SizeNo.

ConcretePavement 467
ConcreteBaseCourse 467
CementTreatedBaseCourse 57
StructuralConcrete 57
PrestressedConcrete 57or67
PrecastConcrete 57or67

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 Coarse Aggregate

TDOT Specs for Concrete Coarse Aggregate

Application NMAS
SizeNo.

ConcretePavement 2"
467
ConcreteBaseCourse 2"
467
CementTreatedBaseCourse 1"
57
StructuralConcrete 1"
57
PrestressedConcrete 1"or1"
57or67
PrecastConcrete 1"or1"
57or67

CIVL 3137 131

 Coarse Aggregate

depthofslab
NMAS
3

narrowestdimension
NMAS
5

3
NMAS clearspace
4

CIVL 3137 132

CIVL 3137 133
CIVL 3137 134
CIVL 3137 135
 Fine Aggregate

Source: Design and Control of Concrete Mixtures (PCA, 2007)

 ASTM C-33 Sand
1" " 3/ "
8 4 8 16 30 50 100 200
100

80
Percent Passing .

60 Fine Sand

40 Coarse Sand

20

0
100 10 1 0.1 0.01
Opening Size (mm)
CIVL 3137 137
 Fineness Modulus
Fineness modulus (n.) an index of the
coarseness or fineness of an aggregate;
it is computed as the sum of the fraction
retained on each full series sieve starting
from the No. 100 sieve.

CIVL 3137 138

Gradation Example

0 0 0
490 4.9 95.1
2040 20.4 79.6
4390 43.9 56.1
5730 57.3 42.7
7430 74.3 25.7
8190 81.9 18.1
8940 89.4 10.6
10000 100.0 0.0
Gradation Example

0 0 0
490 4.9 95.1
2040 20.4 79.6
4390 43.9 56.1
5730 57.3 42.7
7430 74.3 25.7
8190 81.9 18.1
8940 89.4 10.6
10000 100.0 0.0

372.1 FM 3.72
 Fineness Modulus
1" " 3/ "
8 4 8 16 30 50 100 200
100

80
Percent Passing .

60

40

20 94 80 58 32 10 0
FM 2.74
100
0
100 10 1 0.1 0.01
Opening Size (mm)
CIVL 3137 141
 Fineness Modulus
1" " 3/ "
8 4 8 16 30 50 100 200
100

80
Percent Passing .

60 FM
FM 2.74
40

20

0
100 10 1 0.1 0.01
Opening Size (mm)
CIVL 3137 142
 ASTM C-33 Sand
1" " 3/ "
8 4 8 16 30 50 100 200
100

80
Percent Passing .

60 Fine Sand

40 Coarse Sand

20

0
100 10 1 0.1 0.01
Opening Size (mm)
CIVL 3137 143
 ASTM C-33 Coarse Sand
1" " 3/ "
8 4 8 16 30 50 100 200
100

80
Percent Passing .

FM 3.45
60

40 Coarse Sand

20

0
100 10 1 0.1 0.01
Opening Size (mm)
CIVL 3137 144
 ASTM C-33 Fine Sand
1" " 3/ "
8 4 8 16 30 50 100 200
100

80 FM 2.15
Percent Passing .

60

40 Fine Sand

20

0
100 10 1 0.1 0.01
Opening Size (mm)
CIVL 3137 145