PRAGMATICS

I. Definition
Pragmatics is the study of language that can not be separated from the context of the
environment. Pragmatic it usually does not use the phrase structure, such as the level of linguistic
(morphological, syntactic, semantic, and others). The scope of the external science is pragmatic,
because the meaning is studied the meanings attached to the context or can be a reviewer of
speakers in the event of communication.

II. Analyze in Pragmatics

Analysis in Pragmatic which the conversation between the speaker and the receiver said in a
sentence context adapted to the conditions and circumstances of the time.

II. Implicature
ragmatic implicature contained in the conversation that arises as a result of violation of the
principle of conversation. the intent of the violation is due to pragmatic form of words satire that
does not have the structure of the sentence in accordance with the rule.
III. Maxims
Four kinds of maxims
Quality Maxim
It explain what we need in conversation is to replay the speakers with information that we know
it is correct, or we understand the situation of the topic (no lack of information).
Example :
Diego : And we saved you
Implicature : He wants Rewards Of the people

Quantity Maxim
It explain what we need in conversation is to inform with complete information, but not to
overdid it with more information that no needed from the topic.
Example :
Peatches : Yeah (83)
Implecature : She accepted the invitation

Relevance Maxim
It explain like it is name that we need to be relevance in conversation.
Example :
C. Gutt : You're a sea creature, you idiot.(46)
Implecature : He insults someone
Manner Maxim
It explain that we need to be clear, brief, and avoid ambiguity.
Example :
Granny : Such a nice boy (28)
Implecature : He felt the man is a good man and polite.

IV. Politeness
Politeness is a strategy of face saving act in conversation. There are 2 faces of Politeness:
Positive Face
Positive face mostly used in close relationship, or in community.
These are the characteristic of Positive Face:
Notice the speaker interest and condition.
Exaggerate (Sympathy approval).
Used in-group identity markers.
Nicknames.
Example :
C. Gutt : Too bad, Tubby. I could have used you.
This is Positive face, because C. Gutt ridicule Manny with Tubby because his body is big
Negative Face
Negative face mostly used in social, family, and more polite situation.
These are the characteristic of Negative Face:
Give the people decision to do the action or not.
Apologize.
 Mostly polite.
Last name or Titles.
Example :
Flynn : Good shanty, sir
This is negative face because she called C. Gutt with Sir to honor him as a Boss

V. Speech Act
Speech Act is the words that show the implied meaning. Some kinds of speech act are
(Direct/Indirect Speech Act):
Representatives
Assertion, Claims, Hypothesis, Description, Facts.
Example:
Sid : I can't because I just ate less than 20 minutes ago, and you know the rule.
Speakers (Sid) state and give reasons if he can not do things that are commanded him.
In Indirect Speech, Sid did not really want to do that commanded him, but he refused indirectly
with those reasons.
Commissives
Promise, Threats, Vows
Example:
C. Gutt : Or I will keelhaul the lot of you!
Threats given speaker (C.Gut) to workers if it does not comply with his orders
Directives
Commands, Requests, Challenge.
Example:
C. Gutt : First mate, jettison the deadweight. (Indirect speech act) (11)
Speakers (Captain Gut) ordered his crews to reduce the burden of the ship, but he really mean is
to dispose of the prisoners who had been on board into the sea.
Declaration
Blessing, Firing, Baptism, Arrest, Marrying.
Example:
Today is your last day. I have your final paycheck, covering payment through today [hand it to
them]. I also have a separation agreement for you [hand it to them]. If you sign the separation
agreement, I can give you severance of $X. [show envelope for that check.] Id understand if you
want to review the agreement. The separation agreement expires in X days [usually 5].
(Source: https://medium.com/tony-stubblebine/script-for-firing-people-
bf470f928040#.idh9pdqh8)
That is the example of firing. It will change the state of person form employed to be
unemployed.
Expressive
Apologizing, Congratulation, Thankful.
Example:
Sid : Thank goodness. (20)
Speakers (Sid) expresses its gratitude for his execution postponed.