EXPERIMENT NO:- 06

Date : Roll No:

STUDY AND TRIAL ON CENTRIFUGAL PUMP AND

PLOTTING OPERATING/MAIN CHARACTERISTICS

OBJECTIVE:

Study of Principle, Construction and working and perform trial on Centrifugal Pump
for plotting 1) Operation characteristics of pelton wheel 2) Main characteristics of pelton
wheel

THEORY:

The hydraulic machines, which convert the mechanical energy into hydraulic energy,
are called pumps. The hydraulic energy is in the form of pressure energy. If the mechanical is
converted into pressure energy by means of centrifugal force acting on the fluids, the
hydraulic machine is called as centrifugal pump.

The centrifugal pumps acts reversed of an inward flow reaction turbine. This means
that flow in centrifugal pump is in the radial outward directions. The centrifugal pump works
on the principle of vortex flow which means that certain mass of liquid is rotated by an
external torque, the rise in pressure head of the rotating liquid takes place. The rise in
pressure head at any point of the rotating liquid is proportional to the square of tangential
velocity of the liquid at that point.

Rise in pressure head = (v2/2*g) or (2r2/2*g). Thus at outlet of impeller, where radius
is more, rise in pressure will be more & the liquid will discharged at outlet with a high
pressure head, Due to this high pressure head, the liquid can be lifted to a high level.

Following are the main parts of the centrifugal pump:

1. Impeller

2. Casing

3. Suction pipe with foot valve & Strainer

4. Delivery pipe

Page: Department of Mechanical Engineering PCCOE, Nigdi, Pune.

Page: Department of Mechanical Engineering PCCOE, Nigdi, Pune.
1. Impeller:

The rotating part of a centrifugal pump is called Impeller. It consists of series of backward
curved vanes. The impeller is mounted on shaft which is coupled to external source, which
imparts the required energy to the impeller thereby making it to rotate.

2. Casing:

The casing is similar to the reaction turbine. It is an air tight passage surrounding the impeller
& is designed in such a way that the kinetic energy of water discharges at outlet of impeller is
converted into pressure energy before the water leaves the casing & enters the delivery pipe.

3. Suction pipe with foot valve & strainer

It is the pipe which is connected to the centre of impeller known as eye. Lower end of the
pipe is dipped into suction tank which the liquid is to be lifted up. Water first enters the
strainer which is provided to keep debris away from pump. The foot valve is allowing water
to pass only in upward direction, so it is one way valve.

4. Delivery pipe:

It is the pipe which is connected to the outlet of punp & it delivers water at required height.
Delivery valve provide on the delivary pipe

EXPERIMENTAL SET UP:

Before starting the pump, it is required to prime the pump the centrifugal pump. After
that delivery valve is kept closed & electric motor is started to rotate the impeller. Delivery
valve still kept closed to reduce the starting torque of the motor. As the impeller rotating, it
just churns the liquid in the casing. When delivery valve is opens the liquid is made to flow in
upward radial direction thereby leaving the vanes of the impeller at the outer circumference
with high velocity & pressure. At the eye of the impeller partial vacuum created, due to that
water rush into the suction pipe from sump. For increasing speed the four stepped pulley is
used. So discharged from the pump is ensured for each step of pulley by shifting the belt from
one step to other. The collecting tank is provided to measure the discharge at outlet of
delivery pipe.

Page: Department of Mechanical Engineering PCCOE, Nigdi, Pune.

PROCEDURE:

a. Prime the pump

b. Adjust the tension of belt

c. Move the belt on the first step of pulley

d. Read the vacuum & pressure gauge reading

e. Measure the discharged at outlet by collecting water in tank

f. The time is measured for 10 cm rise of water in collecting tank.

g. The time is measured for 10 revolutions of energy meter

h. The speed of pump is measured with the help of tachometer.

SPECIFICATIONS:

Motor-3 hp,440V, 3 AC

Energy meter constant =129.6

Area of measuring tank = 0.8*0.8 m2

Size = 2 * 1.5

OBSERVATION TABLE:

A. Operating Characteristics

Sr. Speed N Pressure Vacuum Gauge Time required Time required

No. (rpm) Gauge Reading for 10 cm rise for 10 revn of
Reading (mm of Hg) (Sec) energy meter
(kg/cm2) (min)

Page: Department of Mechanical Engineering PCCOE, Nigdi, Pune.

B. Main Characteristics

Sr. Speed N Pressure Vacuum Gauge Time required Time required

No. (rpm) Gauge Reading for 10 cm rise for 10 revn of
Reading (mm of Hg) (Sec) energy meter
(kg/cm2) (min)

SAMPLE CALCULATIONS:

B. Discharge :-

Q = (A * L) / time for 10 cm rise of water in tank

Q=

Q=

C. Heat at inlet to pump :-

H =10 (P + (V/ 760) + 0.4

H=

H=

D. Inlet to pump:-

I/P Power = (129.6 / time for 10 rev. of energy meter)

I/P Power =

I/P Power =

E. Output of pump:-

O/ P Power = p * Q*g*H

O/ P Power =

O/ P Power =

Page: Department of Mechanical Engineering PCCOE, Nigdi, Pune.

F. Efficiency of pump: -

= Output power / input power

RESULT TABLE:

A. Operating Characteristics

Sr. Discharge Total Head Output Power Input Power Efficiency

No. Q (m3/sec) H (m) (kW) (kW) (%)

B. Main Characteristics

Sr. Discharge Total Head Output Power Input Power Efficiency

No. Q (m3/sec) H (m) (kW) (kW) (%)

Page: Department of Mechanical Engineering PCCOE, Nigdi, Pune.

GRAPHS:

A) For Operating Characteristics

1) Variation of discharge with efficiency, power and head (On single graph)

B) For Main Characteristics

1) Variation of Speed with discharge, power and head (On single graph showing Q N when
Hm is constant, H N2 when Q is constant and P N3 when Q and H is constant)

CONCLUSION:-

A. Operating characteristics:-
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B. Main characteristics:
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Signature of Batch In charge

Page: Department of Mechanical Engineering PCCOE, Nigdi, Pune.