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When a body is dropped from some height (earth's radius = 6400 km), it falls freely under gravity with constant
acceleration g (= 9.8 m/s 2) provided the air resistance is negligible small. The same set of three equations of
kinematics (where the acceleration remains constant) are used in solving such motion. Here, we replace
by and choose the direction of y-axis conveniently. When the y-axis is chosen positive along vertically
downward direction, we take as positive and use the equation as
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,
and
Problem:
Solution:
Problem:
A body moving with a constant retardation in straight line travels 5.7 m and 3.9 m in the 6th and 9th second,
respectively. When will the body come momentarily to rest?
Solution:
A body moving with initial velocity u and acceleration a, traverses distance S n in n thsecond of its motion.
or 5.7 = u + (11/2) a
Solving eqns. (1) and (2) we get, u = 9 m/s and a = -0.6 m/s 2.
If the body stops moving after t seconds, then from the relation v=u+at
Solution:
u = ?, v = 0, a = -9.8 m/s 2, t = 3s
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Using the relation, v = u + at
0= u 9.8 3
= [117.6-78.4] m = 39.2 m
From the above observation we conclude that, the height would be 39.2 m.
Problem:
A car moving in a straight line at 30 m/s slows uniformly to a speed of 10 m/s in 5 sec. Determine:
Solution:
s = 30(3-2) + 1/2(-4)(32-2 2) = 20 m
Alternatively
Sn = u + a/2(2n - 1)
Hence n = 3,
Problem:
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A bullet fired into a fixed target loses half of tis velocity after penetrating 3 cm. How much further it will penetrate
before coming to rest assuming that it faces constant resistance to motion.
Solution:
From v 2 = u2 - 2as
(u/2)2 = u2 - 2as
Thus, a = u 2/8
Let further it will penetrate through distance x and stops at some point.
0 = (u/2) 2 - 2 (u 2/8)x
Therefore, x = 1 cm
Problem:
An anti-aircraft shell is fired vertically upwards with a muzzle velocity of 294 m/s. Calculate (a) the maximum height
reached by it, (b) time taken to reach this height, (c) the velocities at the ends of 20th and 40th second. (d) When will
its height be 2450 m? Given g = 9.8 m/s 2.
Solution:
(a) Here, the initial velocity u = 294 m/s and g = 9.8 m/s 2
(b) The time taken to reach the height is, T = u/g = 294/9.8 = 30 s
or t2 - 60 t + 500 = 0
Therefore, t = 10 s and 50 s.
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At t = 10 s, the shell is at a height of 2450 m and is ascending, and at the end of 50 s it is at the same height, but is
falling.
All bodies, when dropped (u=0) from same height should fall with same rapidity and should take same time
to reach the earth.
Question 1
A stone is released with zero velocity from the top of a tower reaches the ground in 4 second, the height of the tower
is about
(a) 20 m (b) 40 m
(c) 80 m (d) 16 m
Question 2
A stone is thrown vertically upwards with an initial velocity of 30 m/s. The time taken for the stone to rise to its
maximum height is
Question 3
Two balls are dropped from same height at 1 second interval of time. The separation between the two balls after 3
seconds of the drop of first ball is:
(a) 50 m (b) 40 m
(c) 35 m (d) 25 m
Question 4
A ball takes t second to fall from a height h 1 and 2t seconds to fall from a height h 2. Then h 1/h2 is:
(c) 2 (d) 4
c d d b
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