480 IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS, VOL. 7, NO.

2, FEBRUARY 2008

A Comment on Accurate BitError Rate Evaluation for

Synchronous MCCDMA over NakagmiMFading Channels Using
Moment Generating Functions
Saralees Nadarajah

Abstract A closed form expression is derived for the moment II. C LOSED F ORM E XPRESSION FOR (1) FOR I NTEGER m
generating function of the output decision variable considered by
Shi and LatvaAho [1].
Firstly, let A be a constant defined by
 
1 N s2 s2 (K 1)
Index Terms Confluent hypergeometric function, moment A = 1+ s .
generating function, Nakagami-m-fading channels. m 4Eb /N0 4m
Then, using the identities that

k n k k k
I. I NTRODUCTION
ai = ai1 ai2 ain
HE recent paper by Shi and LatvaAho [1] investigated
T the BER performance of synchronous multicarrier (MC)
CDMA systems over Nakagami-m-fading channels. An es-
and
i=1 i1 =1 i2 =1 in =1

sential part of this investigation was the derivation of the 1 F1 (a; b; x) = exp(x) 1 F1 (b a; b; x)
moment generating function (mgf) of the output decision
(see equation (7.11.1.2) in [2]) and the definition of the con-
variable at a receiver. The paper [1] provided the following
fluent hypergeometric function given by (3), one can simplify
formula for the mgf:
(1) as follows:

1 n (s)
n (s) = xm1 exp(x) 
(m) 0 1
  K1 = xm1 exp(x)
xs2 (m) 0
1 F1 m; 1;   2  K1
4m xs xs2
   exp 1 1;
x N s2 4m
F
1 1 m;
4m
exp s dx, (1)  
m 4Eb /N0 2 
x Ns
exp s dx
see equation (39) in [1], where () and 1 F1 ( ) are the m 4Eb /N0

gamma and confluent hypergeometric functions defined by 1
= xm1 exp(x)
 (m) 0
K1
(a) = ta1 exp (t) dt (2)  2  m1  2 j
0 xs (1 m)j xs
exp
4m j=0 (j!)2 4m
(see line 20 from the top of page 797 in [2]) and
  

x N s2
(a)k xk exp s dx
1 F1 (a; b; x) = (3) m 4Eb /N0
(b)k k! 
k=0 1
= xm1 exp (Ax)
(see line 8 from the top of page 793 in [2]), where (e)k = (m) 0
m1
m1
(1 m)j1 (1 m)jK1
e(e + 1) (e + k 1) denotes the ascending factorial. The

paper [1] mentioned that the integral in (1) has a closed
j1 =0 jK1 =0
(j1 !)2 (jK1 !)2
form solution for the case of m = 1 . . . In general, it can  j1 ++jK1
be evaluated by using numerical integration techniques such xs2
dx
as the Gauss Laguerre quadrature. Here, we would like to 4m
show that (1) can be reduced to a closed form if m is any m1 m1
1 (1 m)j1 (1 m)jK1
integer, see Section II. =
(m) j =0 j (j1 !)2 (jK1 !)2
1 K1 =0
Manuscript received September 9, 2006; revised December 15, 2007 and  j1 ++jK1
April 5, 2007; accepted April 16, 2007. The associate editor coordinating the s2

review of this letter and approving it for publication was V. Bhargava. 4m
The author is with the University of Manchester, Manchester M60 1QD, 
UK (e-mail: saralees.nadarajah@manchester.ac.uk). xm+j1 ++jK1 1 exp (Ax) dx
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/TWC.2008.060691.
0
1536-1276/08$25.00 
c 2008 IEEE

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IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS, VOL. 7, NO. 2, FEBRUARY 2008 481

m1 m1  j1 ++jK1
1 (1 m)j1 (1 m)jK1 s2
=
(m) j =0 j (j1 !)2 (jK1 !)2 4m
1 K1 =0
 j1 ++jK1 Amj1 jK1
s2
(m + j1 + + jK1 1)!, (5)
4m
A mj1 jK1 where y = Ax and (4) and (5) follow from the definition of
 the gamma function in (2) and the fact (n) = (n 1)!,
y m+j1 ++jK1 1 exp (y) dy respectively. Note that (5) is a finite sum of elementary
0
m1 m1 functions, so it can be computed easily to any degree of
1 (1 m)j1 (1 m)jK1
= accuracy.
(m) j =0 j (j1 !)2 (jK1 !)2
1 K1 =0
 j1 ++jK1 R EFERENCES
s2

4m [1] Q. Shi and M. LatvaAho, Accurate bit-error rate evaluation for syn-
chronous MC-CDMA over Nakagami-m-fading channels using moment
Amj1 jK1 (m + j1 + + jK1 ) (4) generating functions, IEEE Trans. Wireless Commun., vol 4, pp. 422
m1 m1 433, Mar. 2005.
1 (1 m)j1 (1 m)jK1 [2] A. P. Prudnikov, Y. A. Brychkov, and O. I. Marichev, Integrals and
=
(m) j =0 j =0
(j1 !)2 (jK1 !)2 Series, vol. 3. Amsterdam: Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, 1986.
1 K1

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