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Lets now explore in some detail two important subsets of the real numbers , the
integers and the rational numbers.
The set of integers is the subset of real numbers consisting of the counting numbers,
their negatives, and 0. Every integer is indeed a real number since its decimal expression (which
terminates just to the left of the implied decimal point). Here are some examples of integers:
3,0, -17
The set of all integers denoted by I. Since every integer is also a real number, the set I of
integers is a subset of the set R of real numbers.
The integers 1,2,3. are called counting numbers.
A rational number is a real number than can be written as the quotient of two integers
a/b, where b is nonzero. Here are some examples of rational numbers:
5/3, -117/89, -45/7, 5/1
Let a/b be a rational number. Then a is called the numerator and b the denominator.
College Algebra and Its Application by Larry Joel Goldstein; Chapter 1: The Real Number System