MAT 052 Lesson Plan

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS WeeK 5

Topic: First Ordered Linear Differential Equations with Separable Variables [1st Session]
Learning Objectives:

Upon completion of this topic, the student should be able to:

1. Separate the variables in terms of and the differential from the variables in terms of and
the differential leading to integration in x and in y, respectively of a given D.E.
2. Perform integration of each of the functions in terms of and of to determine the general
solution of the given first ordered linear differential equation.
3. Solve the particular solution of the given differential equation as initial value problem/boundary
conditions.

Materials:
Whiteboard and marker

Reference:
Succeeding with Differential Equations by Dennis G. Zill and Michael R. Cullen

Review/Lesson Preview
Review basic integration formulas
Review techniques of integration:
1. Integration by parts
2. Partial fraction decomposition
Evaluate the following indefinite integral.
1. 12 3
6
2.
3. 9( + 5)2
8
4. (+4)
6
5. 2 +2

Learning Activities

I. Concept Notes

From the general form of first ordered differential equation ( , , ) = 0, this may be written

in terms of the differentials dx and dy, i.e, (, ) + (, ) = 0 or simply + =
0, where M and N are both functions of x and y.

Moreover, the standard form of first ordered linear differential equation with separation of
variables is

() + () = ()

and its standard solution is of the form () + () = ().

Prepared by|Engr. Dorothy Jade D. Rosario| Instructor

MAT 052 Lesson Plan
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS WeeK 5

II. Developmental Activities

Study the following examples.

A. Show whether the differential equation has separable variables or not.

1.
= 2 3+4

Calculations:

= 2 3+4

= 2 3 4

= 3
2 4

2 4 = 3

Hence, the D.E. has separable variables

2. = +

Calculations:

= +

= ( + )
= +

The y term is not possible to separate from the terms of x, and so the given
D.E. is not a under a separation of variables.

Prepared by|Engr. Dorothy Jade D. Rosario| Instructor

MAT 052 Lesson Plan
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS WeeK 5

B. Find the complete or general solution of the given differential equation (up to the form free
of ln function) .

1. 2 = 3

Calculations:

3
2 =

3
2 =

2 || = 3 || + [ ]
| 2 | | 3 | =

2
| 3 | =

Applying the exponential function of each side of the equation,
2
| 3 |
=

| | = 1 = [ . ln ]

2+2 2
2. =
+2 2

Calculations:
2 + 2 2
=
+ 2 2
2(1 + 2 )
=
(1 + 2 2 )
2
=
(1 + ) (1 + 2 2 )
2

2
2
= . (2. )
(1 + ) (1 + 2 2 )

Using the formula of the integral leading to ln function = ln|| + , then the left

2
side of the eqtn. 2.a has the substitution = 1 + = 2 while on the
right side of eqtn. 2.a has = 1 + 2 2 = 4.

Prepared by|Engr. Dorothy Jade D. Rosario| Instructor

MAT 052 Lesson Plan
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS WeeK 5

Hence, eqtn. 2.a becomes

() (2)
=
(1 + 2 ) (1 + 2 2 )

After multiplying both sides by 2 and integrated as

ln|1 + 2 | = ln|1 + 2 2 | + .
Further simplification of the above equation leading to a solution free of function as
follows:
ln|1 + 2 | ln|1 + 2 2 | =

1 + 2
ln | |=
1 + 2 2
Applying the exponential to each side of the above equation will be

1 + 2
ln | |=
1 + 2 2

1+ 2
ln| |
1+2 2 =

+
| | = =
+

3. (1 + 2 ) + (1 + 2 ) = 0

Calculations:
(1 + 2 ) + (1 + 2 ) = 0

+ =0
(1 + ) (1 + 2 )
2

As a D.E. in the form with separated variables, we can now integrate it as

+ =0
(1 + 2 ) (1 + 2 )

+ =

Prepared by|Engr. Dorothy Jade D. Rosario| Instructor

MAT 052 Lesson Plan
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS WeeK 5

III. Guided Practice

Perform these activities below following these steps.

i. Transform the given D.E. to separate the x terms from the y terms [see equation
(1)]
ii. Indicate the integral notation in the transformed D.E. from (i) then perform
integration by using appropriate formulas or techniques.
iii. Simplify result of integration from (ii).
iv. For Guided Practice Problem A, apply properly the exponential function to the
result in (iii) to achieve the required form of practice problem
v. For Guided Practice Problem B, substitute the boundary condition given per item
to the result in (iii) to determine the exact numerical value of the arbitrary
constant.
vi. Rewrite the equation from item (iii) but substitute to the arbitrary constant the
result in (v).

A. Obtain the general solution of the given differential equation up to the form free from
function.
1. ( + 2) = 0

2.
= 2 4

B. Find the particular solution with the given boundary condition.

1. 2( + 1) = 0; = 0 = 2
2. 2 = 0 ; = 0 = 0

IV. Independent Practice

Solve the general solution of the given differential equation.
2 + ( 1) = 0

V. Closure activity
Identify the technique or formula guide to obtain the particular solution of the given differential
equation after transforming to standard form [see equation (1)]. Do not integrate.
2)
= (

VI. Reflection Activity

<Allow students to reflect on their learning for the day as well as to evaluate the session.>
1. Enlist all the formulas/techniques for integration used in this session.
2. List 3 more formulas/techniques for integration not used but expected to be used in solving
a D.E. with separable variable.
3. Todays session was (easy, challenging, fast) because_________________.

Prepared by|Engr. Dorothy Jade D. Rosario| Instructor

MAT 052 Lesson Plan
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS WeeK 5

VII. Additional Explore Activity (Optional)

[Note: Additional Explore is an activity that should be done outside the classroom, that is, a
takehome activit, because it needs other references, resources, materials, and /or equipment, or
extra time, to be able to accomplish it. I may be scored or unscored activity.]

Determine the general solution/particular solution of the following differential equations:

2 +1
a. +
=0
b. 2 2 + = 0

c. 2 = 1 + 2 ; = 3 = 2

Topic: First Ordered Linear Homogeneous Differential Equations [2nd Session]

Learning Objectives:

Upon completion of this topic, the student should be able to:

1. Prove that a given first ordered linear differential equation is homogeneous and identify its
degree.
2. Obtain the general solution of a given homogeneous differential equation.
3. Solve a boundary problem.

Materials:
Whiteboard and marker

Reference:
Succeeding with Differential Equations by Dennis G. Zill and Michael R. Cullen

Review/Lesson Preview
Review basic integration formulas
Separation of variables
Homogeneous Functions
The function (, ) is said to be homogeneous of degree if there exist a constant n that for
every quantity r (whether a constant of a variable) (, ) = (, ).
Example:
(, ) = 3 3 2 2 4 3 is a homogeneous function of degree 3 since
(, ) = 3()3 2()()2 4()3
= 3 3 3 2 2 2 4 3 3 = 3 (3 3 2 2 4 3 ).

Prepared by|Engr. Dorothy Jade D. Rosario| Instructor

MAT 052 Lesson Plan
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS WeeK 5

Learning Activities

I. Concept Notes

Homogeneous Differential Equations (Linear First Ordered)

A differential equation (, ) + (, ) = 0 is said to be homogeneous of degree if
(, ) = (, ) and (, ) = (, ).

Solution to a Homogeneous Differential Equation

A homogeneous first-ordered differential equation can be solved by using either of the
following substitutions: = or = .
The use of the third variable or is to reduce the homogeneous equation into one
which the variables are separable.

Derivation:

Given a D.E. of the form (, ) + (, ) = 0 as equation (1)

and let = as equation (2) , then = + as equation (3)

(, ) + (, )( + ) = 0
(1, ) + (1, )( + ) = 0
Dividing the equation by the common term of degree , that is,
(1, ) + (1, )( + ) = 0
(1, ) + (1, ) + (1, ) = 0
[(1, ) + (1, )] + (1, ) = 0
(, )
+ =
[(, ) + (, )]

The given homogeneous D.E. of degree n is now of the form that is separable, hence, can
be solve with respect to applicable technique of integration with respect to each of the
transformed variables.

II. Developmental Activities

A. Study the example found above in homogeneous functions.
Then determine the degree of the following function if it exists.

(, ) = 2 + 2 + 2
[Answer: degree 1]

SOLVING A HOMOGENEOUS DE

Study the following example. (See Problem on p.99 of the Reference Book)

Solve ( + ) + ( ) = .

Prepared by|Engr. Dorothy Jade D. Rosario| Instructor

MAT 052 Lesson Plan
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS WeeK 5

Procedure:
By inspection of the given D.E. implies that (, ) = 2 + 2 and (, ) = 2 and are
homogeneous functions of degree 2 since
(, ) = ()2 + ()2 = 2 2 + 2 2 = 2 ( 2 + 2 ) = 2 (, ), and
(, ) = ()2 ()() = 2 2 2 = 2 ( 2 ) = 2 (, ).

Choosing the substitution = with = + , then

( 2 + ()2 ) + ( 2 ())( + ) = 0
(1 + 2 ) + (1 )( + ) = 0

Dividing the above equation by common term , the equation is reduced to

(1 + 2 ) + (1 )( + ) = 0

Combining the coefficients of then becomes

(1 + 2 + 2 ) + (1 ) = 0
(1 + ) + (1 ) = 0

And now, reduced to having variables separated

(1 )
+ = 0
(1 + )

Integrating, it becomes
(1 ) By long division,
+ = 0
(1 + ) 1 2
2 = 1 +
+ (1 + ) = 0 1+ 1+
1+
ln|| + 2 |1 + | =

Resubstituting =

|| + | + | =

B. Find the degree of the given homogeneous D.E.

<In 2 minutes, odd no. seats solve item (1), while even no. seats, solve item (2)>
1. (3 + 2) + 2 = 0
2. 2 ( 3 + 3 ) = 0

C. Prepare the integrable function to obtain the general solution of the given homogeneous
D.E.
<Grab a partner/seatmate. Using the degree identified in each item in (B), transform the
following equations using the third variable substitution and reduced to a separable variable
condition. Do not integrate.>
1. (3 + 2) + 2 = 0
2. 2 ( 3 + 3 ) = 0

Prepared by|Engr. Dorothy Jade D. Rosario| Instructor

MAT 052 Lesson Plan
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS WeeK 5

III. Guided Practice

Justify the degree n= 2 of the given D.E. and obtain its general solution.
( 2 + 7 + 16 2 ) + 2 = 0

IV. Independent Practice

Solve the boundary problem.

( 2 ( ) ) + = 0; = 4
= 1

V. Closure activity
For the given homogeneous D.E. 2 + ( 2 + 3 + 4 2 ) = 0

1. Determine visually the degree of the given D.E.

2. Identify the better preferred third variable substitution.

VIII. Reflection Activity

<Allow students to reflect on their learning for the day as well as to evaluate the session.>

Todays session was (easy, challenging, fast) because_________________.

VI. Additional Explore Activity (Optional)

Determine the general solution of the given differential equation in two ways of third variable
substitution:
2 = 4 2 + 7 + 2 2

Prepared by|Engr. Dorothy Jade D. Rosario| Instructor