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r:'r., A.!qMti.p14c'llatKi j,ir,rglii,'r:r'.:lrl :

fiannoeugnnrr BnaAeren, xofrro BbBexAa Ernrapun e ceMericreoro

,..:II99PAMI9!.J]9 JonEPA!:1r4fl::AH.1-o'icn'o"ar'e
Ha xpuGTl4f HCKUTe ArrpxaBu ,,',r,nqA:PEflAXUITfiTA'HA: r'

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na 6op6ara 3a HaAMou.lile
,.r .iPEflA(U|4ff 'lzl KO_PE(llt4Sl ipin*qa na:rarioroaa, :.1: :r .i r':,,
llon nrnqecril il Hrepecfl rA penvr vto3Ha ronQpoura qrr nEqAT il nOABbP3BAHE: SYKARtS S.A.

llorprcraaHe Ha xaHa e3ilqHilK r/ or3ByKbr or ro3ta aKT AL'IPEKTOP HA nELlATHlzl!ATA: lXOplx C14KApi4C

Mexgy lzlsrora n 3ana4a ,,:::,,:9".1Q({,rEn,'Aia*. Mena" sin, apnl QoE

rt.: :?-gg!rDq AGOSTIN I Hellas

Stnrapcxrnr qbpKoBeH Bbnpoc
llocrasRHe ocHoBilTe Ha KHilxoBHocrra r AyxoBHoro 'r.llSsN::1791.:4256,

r434rraHe Ha 6rnraprn
piciure Libra ry,
flrpernr :eiirllr,if uirDe Agosiiiri G iga Geo rge
cBerell Ha HoBocb34aAeHara He3aBflcrMa 6urapcxa qbpKBa .rt.

{exa xa 6poeeere:
Llera ra ntpeur 6pofi: 1,50 nB.
Hoeusr o6nuKHa xpucrllfl HcKa Ebrrapufl UeHa Ha cneABaulxre 6poeBe: 3,70 rt8.
:: .r. ll: .

,.:: racr'r.*.t"U.,u*q::aql,ri.etr,i'claaiopixr,l npasa. 3a6pa ae H o

,,:,9.9r1.I!F.9!:1.:.!9xnqu-eior cKaHrpaHero; rtpepaaaHero r.rn u
r,. il?no.ruBA,Herq,Ha.MAlepkl,antalle C,rlproeCr<d. uen noa KaKBaro H
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Xopara, oqepraru nbrn 3a 3narHoro BpeMe xa 6unrapcxara e Qopma 6e: nucMeHoro cbrrracue Ha pelaKropa.

AyxoBHOCT l4 AbpxaBHOCT

l4rmepenunra Ha 6rrnrapcKara xpucrllrHcKa AbpxaBa

-6cnfxi;ie;,a;p6riailie
.,i,4,9,i9..,!.!',tr.g,!ir,.atit6 ecexu Opo*

-l1t!9pe.Af!9]! o.1,eA[H:n crx{' - .. ct<r,ny!ki*.rHoopr'arpa*.:

npoAaBa'la 3a HaMepeHuero cil Aa KynyBare cneABaulHre 6poee:

l43garennr cta 3ana3Ba npaBoro 4a npoMeHF peAa Ha n3aaeaF

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KarbB e HeroBWflT xr4Bor?

[PE3 x B. EbJIIAPI4f cE TIPEBPbIIIA B eAHa or Morbrlnre qAnn

r re roraBauHnfl clflT. Bra errpeueH nflaH nocreneHHo ce npeorqonflBa
ce Qopnnrapa Ha 6asara Ha repnropnanHo-arqMr4Hr4crparilBeH npilHqiln.
OcHoerre Ha ro3tt npoqec ca nonoxeHn oqe npil xaH Kpyrvr, rorZro ce onilT-
Ba rqa Hafloxl4 eAnHHil 3aKOHt4 3a BcvltlKt4 B AbpXaBaTa
- 6anrapn V CnaBflHtA.
,[eara erHoca o6aqe rMar pa3nrqHil o6u.aan il BnpBaHilfl.
B nonurrqecKr nrraH Karo e3rqecKa rqbpxaBa bunrapnn e N3onrpaHa or
xpt4crtlflHcra Eepona. Ts rpaHilqil c BilsaHrilfl Ha pron3ToK N c BennxoMopa-
arR, HenncKoro KpaflcrBo rzr XupaarcKo Ha ceBepo3anal.Teru cbceflHilAbpxa-
Bn onpeflennT4o roflflMa creneH BbHuHara hnonwtvtxa. flpncuegilHgBaHero
Ha cnaBffHcKnre nfleMeHa B 3eMilTe na MaregoHtAfl t,l Pogoncrara o6nacr
Bo,qn Ao 3acnflBaHe na xon$poHraqrflTa c BilsaHriln.
Henncxoro KpancrBo ce onnrBa rqa 3acn nnnonnnnqecKoro il
rqlD(oBHoro cr4
BntAflHue cpefl cnaBflHcKnre nreMeHa no cpeAHororeqeHne na
flyHaa.Toea
Bofll4 Ao 3acilnBaHe Ha cbnepHilqecrBoro Mexfly KoncranrnHonon il PilNlt ga
Bofleqara ponn B xpt4cil4flHcKylfi CBflT.
B raEu cnoxHa curyaqufl, npe3 852 r. na 6unrapcgAnnpecron ce Bb3KaqBa
boprac l. Tora B3eMa cr46oanoro peuJeHne ga nprao6u{yr cBoflra
flrpxaBa
KbM Xpl4CTl4FHCKara penuftAF. n na A HanpaBil cbnocraBilMa c ocraHannre
eaponefi cKla Abpxa eil. C Heno Kone 6wnaa Mero4il q Hocr n po4bnxa Ba cBoero
rqeno: 6rnrapcrvflT e3nK e o6neeH ra oQrarlnaneH, a4MuHyrcrparnBeH n
qbpKoBeH, B crpaHara npilcrilrar yqeHtaqnre Ha cBernre 6parn Kupun vt
Merograrrr, Kor4To cb3AaBar AID(oBHI4 cpeflmqa c enoxanHo 3HaqeHile 3a
cnaBflHcKara Kyfirypa. flo ro3t4 HaqnH 6rnrapcxvtflT KHA3 nponpaBfl nbrfl Ha
eAHa KynrypHa rparyAqtAfl, KOflrO Sa 6poenm AecerilnerilF npennBa
Aaneq
r43BbH AbpxaBHilre rpaHilLlr Ha Srnrapun.
Kafte e Soprac I xaro qoeer?
 PogeH e Thcyc Xprcroc.

313 ! lzlvrneparop KoxcranruH Benuxyr l434aBa MunancxrR e4urr. BcttvxvpenvrwA e Pul cxara ilMnepilfl craBar

325 | B Hraren ce npoBexAa lltparnr BceneHcKt4 cr6op, r43BecreH xaro Huxeftcrn, xofrto onpegenfl ocHoBHnre

394 ! XpracrurnHcrBoro craaa oQrquanHa penilruR s Prmcrara uMnepnfl.

68l I lynaecxa Eurapun e npil3Hara or srsanrufrcKLrfl ilMneparop Koxcranrun lV floronar.

Xax boprrrc BcrbnBa Ha npecrofla.

853 | tzt:6yxea eorina uexgy Eurapnn u Hemcxoro KpancrBo. Surapnre ca B cblo3 c BenilKoMopaBcKl4n KHfl3
POCrt/Cnae, a geftcrennra uM Ca nOATl4KHaTu or Kpang na Opanqrn Kapn flneulrar.

855 E 6parnra Kupwnn Merogrzrfi cb3AaBar cnaBrHcKara nilcMeHoct c Koero crarar Haqanoro Ha cnaBnHcKara KHuxoBHocr.

864 ! XaH Eoprac npileMa cBeroro Kpbu{eHile vrvrnara KHfl3, a KbM LlMero cu npr6aen Mrxann.
6yHr ua 6urapcxrre 6Onnv cpeu{y Xpt4crytnHcTBOrO tll Br3aHTuVcKoTo AyXOBeHcTBo.

865 | l-loxplcrBaHe Ha 6r'nrapure. Z-* ,trU [lP< " N a-{.-

866 $ 6yxr cpeqy noKpbcrBaHero.
KHna $opyrc la3npaqa nLlcMo, cbAbpxau{o 1 15 etnpoca, Ao nana Hrronatl l. llanara orroBapfl clc 105 orroBopa.

PaxAa ce cuHbr Ha

869 I na 5 orromepr e KoHcraHrilHonofl e orKprlr Ocvtusr BceneHcKl4 cr'6op.

87O I H" il3BbHpegHo 3acegaHre or 4 uapr Ocnnrnr KoncranrrnonoflcKr4 BcefleHcKlt ct6op yqperqflBa 6urapcrr

879 | C peuenile qbpKoeeu ct6op, cBilKaH or narprapx Oornfi, na 24 gereuspn StnrapcKara npaBocnaBHa
Ha
t-lbpKBa craBa aBToKe$anna (camocronrenua), a Haqero 3acraBa apxuenilcKon.

885 ! B Eurapun nprcrrrar yr{eHullure xa Krprn r Mero4urrl: Knnuenl Hayu, AHrenaputl, Casa, lopasA.
886 | Ctr4a4eHa e nbpBara KHilxoBHa uKofla s SurapnR, il3BecrHa xaro l'lpecnaBcKa KHrxoBHa uKona.
Knuuenr Oxpugcru c'b3gaBa Oxprgcrara KHrxoBHa uKona.

889 I Knnr Sopnc ce orrernn or npecrona il orrBa B MaHacrup.

Ha npecrona ce Bb3KaqBa nlpBopo.qHnffr ct4H Ha 6oprc, Bnagnmnp-Pacate, xofrto npaBil onurfla BbpHe e3ilqecrBoro.

893 | Knns 6opnc v3nv3a or MaHacrilpa ta opraHu3r4pa cBannHero or npecrona Ha cilHa cu Bnagrnnrp-Pacare.

Ha napo4eu ct6op s flpecnae e o6neeHo KaqBaHero Ha npecrona Ha rperrn crH Ha 6oprc - Crmeon.
Cronrqara e npeMecreHa or flnucxa e flpecnaa.
f'lpe:errep Hayrvr e n3npaTeH e oxprA,3a Aa 3aMecTn Knruenr cneA HeroBoro pbKononaraHe 3a enucKon.
9O7 ! Ha 2 mailymupa rnnt 6opuc. Cropo cneA roBa rofi e raHoutt3ilpaH Karo cBereq Ha Eurapcrara qbTKBa.

1211 [ Hap Sopurn cBilKBa TrpHoacrun cr'6op, rofrro parrpoMnBa ilAeoflorrr]ecru 6oromrncrBoro.

1765 N llnxenpvpaHa e lzlnercxara apxilenilcKonilfl, nocfleAHa ilHcrvrryqlln na Bropara 6tnrapcxa AbpxaBa.

1870 [ Ha 27 Seepyapra c $eprrnan Ha cynraH A64yn Asuc e yqpeAeHa Eurapcrara

1872 [ Cneg us6opa Ha ercapx BceneHcrrRr narpuapx HaraFa cxi43Ma ua Etnrapcxara npaBocnaBHa qbpKBa.

1945 | BceneHcKl4flr narpilapx B4ura cxn3Mara il ercapx craBa npeAce4arennr na Ca. CrHog, CreQan.

1953 B U" 10 rvrafi ce npoBexAa Hapo4eu qbpKoBeH cr6op, xofiro us6rpa narpuapx Ha 6r'!!1P!Kara nPgqgcrlgeHa qbpKBa'

il
 .atHoBrrAH vflT BJraAeTer, rcofi To
BbBex(Aa Frrraprrn B ceMeficrBoTo
Ha xpucTrrflHcKrrTe AbplKaBr,r
Karo HacneAHvK Ha cvlrftal{ upocnepupallla AbpxaBa, BbrrpeKra rrperbprreHr.rre rropaxeHus.Ha6ofiHoro
none,
rnrs Eo.puc I no rpeue Ha cBoero ynpaBneHlre (852-889) npeArrpaeMa AanHoBr4AHr{ crbrrKrr, Kor4ro npeAorrpeAenrr
ucropuqecKutxpe6ufi na Ernrapzx. flp* 864 r, rofi lprreMa xpucrr4.f,HcKarapelvnlLtfl u vMero Muxauil,a cnerBaruara
roAI'IHa Hanata HoBara penurl4t B crpaHara c rleHara Ha MHoro xeprBr4. Ileluxr [eprroA Ha HeroBoro ynpaBneHr'e e
6enssaH c HenpecraHuu 6op6u 3a yrBbpxAaBaHero naxpvcrufiHcrBoro r4 [ocraBrHe Ha AbpxaBara B 6raroupnrrua
Mex{AyHapoAHa no3I4III'u. I{snorseaftKl4 nporlrBoporrvflTaB r4HTepecr4re na Puu z KoncranurHonoJr,
Bopnc ycrlrBa
[a 3anryrrkt IrHTepecI4Te Ha rbpxaBara, usyexgaitxu x cta1u.ltHo Ha cBeroBHara rroJrr4Tr{qecKa cueHa.

Ha Kpbcronbrfl na 6op6ara sa HarqMoqile

Curyaqnrra, KoflTo rracJreAf Ba Bopnc

T{"t crEAATA I{A x

B. 6rnrapcrara AbpxaBa ce Abnxu npoqec4Te Ha Haqu-
r\npocTupa Ha TepuTopl4uTe oT cpeAHoro TeqeHile Ha oHarHo o6eguneuue na cna-
p..Qynae go Eenonopuero r or p. lnenrp Ao 3eMure Ha BAHV tA npa6tnrapu ra ga
4neu:na An6aunn. Toea reprropuanHo pa3pacrBaHe e npFK t43BotoBa na Erlrapun nola-
pe3ynrar or ycneulHam norilTt4Ka Ha nopeAhqa 6trrapcxu raeMoro fi ce uncro B eBpo-
xaHoBe: Kppn, Orvryprar; Manauup u flpecunx. Karo pe:yr- nericxoro ceueicreo.
lar or roBa o6aqe ce 3acunBa BailflHl4ero Ha craBflHt4Te B
AbpxaBara, Koero Hanara u npoMeHh e HetiHoro ynpaBne_
nue. Kpyu BbBexrqa eAnHHu 3aKoH[ 3a BcurtKn noAaHuLll4
Brgnaqnanero
h 3anoqBa aAMuHl4crparuBna peQoprvra. Onayprar npogbn_
Ha rrpecToJra B
xaea peQoprvrr,rre xa 6aqa cil h npeMaxBa nneMeHHoro HarrpefHaT MOMeHT
pa3AeneHue, KaTo BIaCTTa Ha MeCTHilTe CnaBflHCKl4 KHF3e e
Crnepruvecreoro MexAy
3aMeHeHa or repuropfian Ho-aAMuHt4crpawnav o6nacrn _ KoucraHrunonon u Puru ta
" xomutaru", ynpaBfl fl BaHu or xaHcKta HaMecrHt4ql4 _ KoMt4Tyl. BOAeUlaTa ponfl B xpt4c14-
f1o Heroeo BpeMe ce pa3BilBa il aKTilBHo crpourencrBo _ flHCK[/F CBflT BOrqil Haqa-
Bb3craHoBeH e ABopeqbr e flnilcxa il ca nocrpoeHil HoBl4 noro cr4 or 800 r., Koraro
Kpenocn4 no nopequero Ha p. flyuae. nana flte lll xoporncea
lzl npu Kpyrr,t, r,r npra Orrayprar xpucnrflHfire e 6tnrap- Kapn I Benraxm 3a lrMnepa-
cKhTe 3eMU, KOI4TO OCHOBHO Ca OT MeCTHOTO CflaBFHCKO rop na Cseqenara Puucxa
HaceneHre, ca no4noxeHu Ha roHeHufl. Ocnoenara npu_ uMnepur na 3ana4, c Koero
qhHa 3a roBa e, qe xpilcTl4fHCTBOTO
Ce CMflra 3a npoBoAHl4K ce noAqepraBa He3aBUCn-
Ha auEaHrililcxo BnuflHtAe. Btnpern roBa xpucn4flHcrBoro
MOCTTa Ha 3anaAHilF CBflT OT
cn npo6raea nbr u Aopu eAilH or cl4HoBere na Orr,typrar _ lzlsroqHara uunepna. Toea
Enpaeora, npueMa HoBara Brpa. cbnepHuqecrBo 6elexr
Fosexunra cpeu.ly xpt4cl4nHilTe cnilpar eABa npn pa3BnTUeTO Ha xpucTr4FH-
xau llpecranH, xofiro npucueAHHFBa HoBu 3eMu, Hace- crBoro npe3 cneABauluTe
reHr cbc clraBflHt4, rum EtnrapuR. Hoeara peflilrilr Bce BeKoBe. Pnucxara qbpKBa
noBeqe ce pa3npocrpaHnBa cpefl HacereHmero na 6tn. Hanara eAuH yHilBepca-
fapcKara AbpxaBa. ,il43bM B tOptACAuKqtAAra u
6opuc noervra or 6aqa cra llpecrnH ynpaBneHilero Ha 6orocryxeurero, u3rAc-
eAHa c4nHa AbpxaBa c qeHrpanu3ilpaHo ynpaBneHile, KBaq 43nOn3BaHeTO CaMO
eAuH or ocHoBHilre norilTuqecKu Qarropra e lorolrsroqHa Ha narnHcKt4 erux. Or 4py-
Eapona. Bre sttFtutHonornrhqecKhre fi ornoueurn o6aqe faTa cTpaHa e anTepHaruBHoTo no-rbBKaBo OTHOUeHqe
Ha.q HeF rerue xlefiuoro Ha BapBapcrBoro, rori xaro xpnc_ sa KoncrasrunononcKara narprapuhn, Korro AonycKa Kapra Ha EBpona, !a306pa3nBaqa
^
n4flHcKr,4Te AbpxaBil rneAar Ha nen c npene6pexeHne r TepilropilanHure n pn po6naxu u
cb3AaBaHero Ha MecrHl4 qbpKBt4
r ynorpe6ara Ha Haqu_ orcrbnKh Ha Ebnrapnfl no BpeMe Ha
ne4oeepue. flpeA HoBl4R xaH cror/ rpy4Hara 3agaqa Aa npo- oHanHh ermqu. HecrvrHeHo re3il 6op6u za AyxoBHo ynpaBneHnero ua xxn: Eopuc.
 6&W&66& MWMSWf'pE&&

BOEHHl4TE HEYCNEXN HA 5OPI4C

Oqe a nauaroro Ha cBoero ynpaBneHue or 852 t 6opr4c o6Mucnfl Aa HanaAHe Ha crpaHara Ha JloAoBt4K Hemcxu. Bnafleren, Kofiro He yBaxaBa cbrc3Hilqnre cn,
Bfisaxruq il roBa HeroBo HaMepeHue e r13pa3eHo c nucMo Ao Bil3aHTilficKara HffMa KaKAa oqaKBa nolqKpena BTpyAHl4 MoMeHTu'
uMneparpuqa Teo4opa. flucruoro He e 3ana3eHo, Ho ABaMa or Bu3aHTuficKilTe Crtc cru{un ycnex 6ophc BooBa 3a npbB nbr e 6rnrapcxara l,{cropun cpeqy
xpoHylcl4 npepa3Ka3Bar HefixuR orroeop u peaKqhrra na 6oprc. Texnure MnagaraXbpBarcKaAbpxaBa.Bpe3ynrarHaeAHorofltlulHaraeofiHaofloueHuRla
l,t3Bo4r1 ce cBexAar flo cne4Horo: 6oprac I 6uea uaxunynupaH or eflHa rbpKl4HR, mexqy Eurapr,rn u Xtpaarcxo ca Aocltl noAKonaHi u MopatHo :anuveuu.
6opuc I

noggasarlxn ce Ha e'|uHcKoro nyKaBcrBo. Oqe e ntpeoro peueHue Ha HoBr4ff o6aqe e rBbpAo peueH [a ce AoKaxe u ro3u nbr rpbrBa cpeu{y BeqHufl Bpar -
Bnageren nponuqaBa eAHa HeyBepeHocr, KoflTo 6enexu Heycnexa Ha qnnara ctp6ure. L{ema na ra3h BoeHHa eKcneAuquff e Aa ce nonpequ Ha eillaxtulicxata
My BoeHHa nonilTnKa. 3apa4r ceonra 3ae HanpaBeHa crparerufl BbB BbHuHara AilnnoMaq,4r Aa usnonsea cup6rre B yroAa Ha cBoflTa nofiuruKa il nporl4B uHrepe-
nonurhKa 6opuc gorapea na burapun peAMqa Apyn4 Heu{acrufl. cure ra btlrapuR. Surapcxure eoficrr4 ce npeABoxrar or nbpBopoflHl4F cl4H Ha
loguua cne4 Bb3KaqBaHero cu ua 6tnrapcxufl npecrorl rofi enu3a B cbto3 c
xaHa, BnaAilMvtp Pacare. lz1 ro3u nbr pe3ynrarbr He e no-pa3nuqeH u roull4rr Boe-

or nopaxeHuf, Bcne4crBue sa seo6uucrexn HanapeHif cpeu{y cbceAHure Hi

mugPacare,aae4Hocl26otlnu.6ophccenpiHpKAaBaAaceyHrlxl4npe4clp6rare
AbpxaBil. Bennrouopaecrara AbpxaBa, Haqeno c xxRl Pocrucnae, ce npocrupa 14 ABere crpaHil cu npaBrr noflapbqu B 3HaK Ha B3auMHo npuffrencrBo.

Ha ceBepou3rott Ha repilropt4hre Ha AHeuHure AbpxaBu 9exhR, CroaaxrR l,t

[lpe: 855-856 r. burapuR nper-bpnflBa rexKo nopaxeHne cpeu"ly rpaEilquoH-
Ceeepna yxrapuR. vxpenaatero Ha ra3u MnaAa flbpxaBa He ce noKpuBa c [Hre- Hhfl cu npon4BHwxBwantwa. Heycnexur cpeqy poMeilre,3a pa3nuKa or nbpBilTe
pecr4Te Ha Heucxoro KpancrBo, Koero Kpne am6nqrnn 3a BnilflHie Bbpxy Befu- Aee eoriHu, AosexAa Ao cepuo3Htr repiTopHanHh sar6u: Etnrapmf e npiHyfeHa
KoMopaBcKilTe cnaBFHr4, B pe3ynrar Ha Koero uz6yxea BoriHa MexAy rnx. Hem- Aa ce orKaxe or HFKot4 or
qepHoMopcKl/re rpaAoBe, o6lacrra 3arope ra Ouau-
cgfir Kpan np14Bnuqa Ha cBofl crpaHa crp6rare h xbpBar[Te, Koero npilHyxAaBa nonor (flnoeflue). Taera nope4raqa or Heycnexn o6aqe ne orKa3Ba xaH Sopuc or
6opuc ga ce ogaxe or cb193a c Benurouopaaun n a xparina cMerKa Aa npeMuHe aKMBHo yqafiue B MexAyHapoflHl4fl )Kl4Bor B Llenrpanta n loronsroqsa Eepona.

fra.qMoulHe B ocHoBara cn qenfr 3acuflBaHe Ha nonuru- E'unrapure nperbpnflBar rexKo nopaxeHhe B x-bp-
qecKxn pa3Max xa Puvr vr KogcratrmHonon cpeA ocra- BarcKure 3eMu, a Ha ceBepo3anap 6unrapcxnre repu-
Hanwre eBponericxra Etpxaera. Bxnrcqeaxero Ha cnaBflH- TOpt4U Ca nOAnOXeHU Ha TOflFMO HeMCKO HaUeCTBhe.
cKKre MeMeHa oT MaKeAoHcKara u PoAoncKaTa o6nacT floxogrr cper4y cup6rare cbu.lo e 6enRaan c Heycnex.
B npe4enHre Ha 6bnrapcKara AbpxaBa il3ocTptlT oTHo- 3a roea cBugerencrBar AaHHnre na Koncranrun Vll
ueHn.sra c Br43aHTilR, a 3aBoeBaHuflTa B CpeAHOAyHaB- 6arpenopo4Hn u"Xutvte xa 1 5-re rilBepuynoncKh Mb-
c${Te 3eMH npe3 nbpBaTa noroBmHa Ha lx B. nocTaBflT vexuqu" or TeoQvrnarr Oxpngcrvr. Bcnegcreue Ha re3r
crpaHara B HenocpeAcTBeHo c'bceAcrBo Ha ceBepo3a- nopaxeHnR, a n 3apaAn npeKoMepHoro nonilTuqecKo
nag c Heucxoro KpancrBo, BenhKoMopaBhF t4 XbpBarcKo. 3acilnBaHe ra Benuxotvtopaeran (E"unrapilfl ilMa hHTe-
pec Aa 6bAe nphrefarereH qeHTbp Ha AonHoAyHaBcKt4-
Pa-ruupexuero Ha Ebnraphfl B crparerrqecKilTe o6nac-
ir,ir no Cpegxran ,[yrae, Tpaxran il MaKeAoHr4R onpeflenF
re cnaenuu), 6opuc nsuenn Ha AoroBopa c Pocrhcrae
6uger4rare HacoKr4 3a pa3Bnrue Ha AbpxaBHara nonr4-
il cKnoqBa MnpHil AoroBopu c Heucroro KpancrBo t4
Xtpearcxo. Teau Heroeu gerlcreun He AoBexAar Eo
nuKa npr4 xaH 6opr4c 14 yTB'bpxAaBa btrrapun Karo pea-
: Bn:asruficxa uoHera or lX
HilKaKBil TepilropilanHn npnpo6nexw ra 6'unrapnR,
,iIEH CbNCPHilK HA Bil3AHTMfl il HEMCKOTO KPANCTBO B 6OP- B.
Ho Bce naK ToBa c6nnxaBaHe Bb3nupa HeMLlnre or Ha-
6ara ra ua4uor4ile HaA cnaBnHcKt4fl cBrr.
crbnBaHe KbM ceBepo3anaAHure 6tnrapcrr 3eMh no
Cpe4nmn flynae.
O6parrr B orHorrreHr{flTa c Heucrcoro
KpaJrcrBo I4:ocrpnne Ha B3arrMoorHo[reHuqra
c B[3aHTur
XaH 6opnc 3acraBa Haqeno Ha AbpxaBara B TB'bpAe
cnoxeH n HanperHar Mouenr. fhtpeoHaqanHo 6bnrapo- llpea 855 r. s nnucxa 6egnoroficreo npeAh3Bt4KBar
HeMCKTTe OTHOUeHilf 3ana3Bar MhpHt4fl Cil xapaKTep, HeypeAeHhTe repmropuanHu cnopoBe c Bil3aHTufl.
rufr xaro M[pHr4flT AoroBop or 845 r. ce cna3Ba. npe3 3evmre MexAy peKure Crpyvra r Mecra, npuo6qenn
853 r. o6aqe HaclbnBa pn3bK o6par B orHoueHilflTa xuru 6unrapcxara AbpxaBa, npeK-bcBar cyxo3eMHara
uexgy bunrapun n Hemcxoto KpancrBo. Cnope4 6ep- Bp'b3Ka rvrexgy KoucraHTnHonon v ConyH, Koero He e
THHcKt4Te aHanu BenilKoMopaBcKt4FT rHRs Pocrficnae B uHTepec xa BmsaHrilR. Kon$nuxrur npepacrBa B-bB
ornpaBn mon6a ea c'bro3 KbM 6oprc, ra 4a cnpe arvr6ra- eoiHa. BugaHruilcxute eoilcxu, BoAeHn no cyula il no
qhure Ha Heucxoro KpancrBo 3a nornrnqecKo rocnoA- Mope or Kecapfl Bapga, peanraenpar 6necrnul BoeHeH
crBo B UeHTpanna Eepona. EunrapcxnRr xaH npileMa noxoA cpeqy 6unrapure. B peaynrar or ycneuHure hM
cbto3a,3a ga or6rae AoMorBaHhrra Ha HeMqilTe 3a no- geftcreun bunrapun ry6ra qeun r repilropvll4: 3aBnaAe-
n r4ThqecKo rocnoAcTBo Ha.q cpeAHoAyHaBcKhTe craBF- nm ca (Dununonorr14 oKolHocrure My, o6nacrra 3arope

rr. B nocne4eanara eotiHa rvrex4y 6unrapm u HeMqu
xaH 6opnc npuBfiilqa Ha cBofl crpaHa xpann ta Opan-
qran Kapn f'lneurem, xoftro ecuulnocr e B.qbxHoBnrert
Ha cbo3a my c Pocrmcnas. HeucrnRr Kpan npnBnmqa Ha
cBoR crpaHa xbpBarrre u cup6rare, Koero or{e noBe-
t{e 3arpyAHfBa aHTrHeMcKara no3vlql4fl ra xau 60puc.
n qepHoMopcKhre rpagoBe [eeen1 Anxmano u Meceu-
epran. Ctc cpegcrBara Ha AilnnoMaqmRra xan 6oprc
ycnrBa Aa orKnoHvt Bil3aHriltlqilTe or no-HararbulHt4
4erlcreun cper4y 6unrapcKara AbpxaBa. llpea 856 r.
KaprnHa, u:o6pa:neaqa BofiHhK Ha Mex.qy ABeTe cTpaHu e cKntoqeH MhpeH AoroBop fi ce
^
xax Kpyu e 6urxa. oc'bqecrBf Ba pa3MRHa Ha BoeHHonneHHvlqt4.
 flon nrvqecKvr vrHrepecn n pefi vrvo3Ha KoHOpoHTa qnl
Crro:rr cpeuy Be.uurconropaBrrfl
Or<olo CIEAATA IIA IX B. ce n3ocrpnr 14 B3ailMoorHo-
ueHrffra MexAy ABeTe CbnepHilqeulil cl.t B xpficfl4fH_
cKnfl cBflT cvnv - KoHctanrrHonon v pwttr. Hacrtnea
HoBo npetpynilpaHe Ha nor?tl4qecKnre crnu e Cpegua
nl4ztosua Eepona, e perynrar Ha Koero ce crrra Ao Bb3-
HilKBaHe Ha HoBr4 Koanvqvvt e Eeponeficxr,rn toroh3ToK
npea 862-864 r. 3a 4a v3onupa 6unrapr,rre or MopaB-
cKhre craBrHyt, xpan flogoerar Hemcxr noATt4KBa KbM
gofiHa il 3aBvcvtMtA+ or Hero B nonuriltlecKo orHoue-
Hhe xbpBarcKu rHR: Trpnumup (845-864). floxo4ur Ha
xunr Soprzrc e Xrpearcxo o6aqe ce oKa3Ba HeycneuJeH.
llpnHy4eHra Aa BopBar na 4ea $poHra,6unraprare npe-
lbpnnBar rexKo nopaxeHile BbB eotlHara c HeMLlilTe.
Oaxrul qe KHr3 Pocrucnae npe3 855 r. e np[HyAeH caM
4a or6rea HarilcKa ua xpan,l}o4osnx Heucxr, KocBeHo
cBilAeTencTBa, qe BcneAcTBue Ha npeTbpnffHoTo nopa-
xeure StnrapilF e 3acraBeHa Aa ce orKaxe or cbto3a
cr c Benrxovro paBuflorHoBo Aa norbpc?l c6nuxeu re
vt
c Heprcxoro KpalcrBo. B peaynrar Ha roBa 6urapcroro
noIuTr4qecKo rocnoAcTBo B cpeAHOAyHaBCKilTe 3eMil e
3Ha'{hrerHo pa3KfiareHo. l-lper 863 r. fln4oeur Heucxu,
noAnoMorHar or 6unrapcrnre eoficxr4, ganoqga eorzHa
c BenurovopaBcKoro KHflxecrBo. llpu rara cusga- Bcenercxyr cr6op or 43] r. Te3n
^ l1oeo4 ra 6eEnoxorlcreo o6a,le ocraea cbrc3br Mexrqy
nara ce aAryaqnn rHRg PocrucnaB peuaBa Aa norbpcl4 cr6opn ca BbpxoBeH 3aKoHoAareneH
Stnrapnn u Hemcroro KpancrBo, rui xaro nph curo-
noJlt4Tr4qecKa u BoeHHa noAKpena ot Buzautvta, a nah_ opraH no pennrh03Ht4 il KaHoHrqecKff
qeHilR BoeHeH cuoa c Io4oaux Hevcxr npes 863 r. xan
go6pranr HaqnH 3a roBa ce oKa3Ba npileMaHero Ha Bbnpoct4 B qenIt xpncTLlflHcKl4 cBFt
PeueHtrFTa lau ca a6conorsu. 6oprc o6eqaea Aa np[eMe xprcrhffHcKara penhThF o-
er4aaHrilf cxoro AyxoBeHcrBo 3a pa3npocrpaHeHhe Ha
Prrvr. Te:r HaMepeHuF ua 6unrapcxr,tff Bnageren cep,,-
Xpmcroeoro yveHtae Ha cnaBflHcKl4 egux. flo rogr Haqnn
o3Ho pa3Tbpcear cnororicrerero Ha Bngasrnn, qnr-c
rorl orpaHuvaBa HeMcKoro BnuAHVe no cBoltre 3eMu il
crpeMex e Aa ycraHoBt4 AyxoBHo rocnoAcrBo Hag b----
npaBh nbpBara KpaqKa rtm no-6nugxt4 B3arMoorHo-
rapcKara AbpxaBa.
ueHhn c Busautua. BenrxouopaecKufr KHfl3 ornpaBn
von6a xuvr svzautvhcxwn uMneparop 3a h3npau.la-
Hero Ha nponoBeAHuqv, KonTo fla orcnyxBaT nilryp_ v ,13o6paxeHre Ha nana tlbB lll B eAHo or
Konapnure xoAoBe Ha Bn3anTufl tl
fllv Ha foBopr4Mr4fl OT HapOAa My cIaBflHCKil e3ilK. qerupure noMeuleHnn na Barnxancxn mytei, "[urdorcuqr Mup"
r:seosu xaro"Crarre ua PaQaero'j xorro
Bo4eHa or cBofiTe nHTepecn, BilsaHrnR cKntoqBa cbto3 Cre4 xaro or6nrcrea apa6rare npe3 eceHTa na 863 :-
ca il3ptrcyBaHil oT xyAoxHhKa no BpeMeTo
c Benuxoruopaeran Har,t-aepoflTHo npe3 crqara g62 r. ua nana lonuri Bropn. ilMnepurra opraHu3upa BHe3aneH noxo4 cpeqy 6r,'r-
rapun. Br:aHrwhqwe ca noAnoMorHaru tA or peArua
ne6na ron prnrn r Sa rro pra, cn onerf Ba u.14 6ur ra pcxaiz
AbpxaBa. flpet aarycr 863 r. SanxaHcKr4flr nonyocrpoB
u 6unrapcrure 3eMil ca pa3TbpceHil or cytnHo 3eMer-
peceHile/ Koero npogbnxaBa qerrn 4e gnu. OceeH roBa
roAilHara e HennoAopoAHa n noBceMecreH rfiaA ce
txr4pr4 cpeA 6rrrapcroro HacereHue. C roail eoeHeH
Harncr BnraHrvn qenv Aa orKbcHe Sunrapran or c-blo3a
c Heucxoro KpancrBo u Aa F npuHyAil Aa npfieMe xpuc-
TI4FHCTBOTO OT
KouctanrnHonon.
l-lnnara Bn3aH-
rurlcra apurn ce
oTnpaBF Ha noxoA
no cyua h Mope, a
3aeTrTe Ha ceBe-
po3anag 6rnrap-
cKvt eohcxu He
ycnffBar Aa oKa-
xar ueo6xoguwtun
ornop. Kparluo
- KaprnHa, n:o6pa3sBaqa nana Ceprili ll,
oTpyrqaTenHo Koiro KopoHflcBa JlroAoBrK ll (lX B.).
3bpxy 6bnfapcKara A-bpxaBa ce orpa3flBa fi nopaxe- BeHo or Bnil3aHero ua 6ulrapcKtAflBna-
Hriero Ha BotrcKure rZ or cpu6crrrrn xuna Myrnunp. C Aeren xpr4crrfl HcKoro "ceuetZcreo ua
B

noxoga or 863 r. euzaurvtilcxuar ilMneparop He Llenil enaAerenilre'i Haqeno Ha Koero crot4/

aa 3aBna4flBa 6trrapcrra repilToprlt4, BbnpeKil qe ilMa paa6rapa ce, enzautvtitcKt4ffT BacnreBc.
Ta3h Bb3MoxHocT, a Aa 3acraBn xaH Eopuc Aa no4nilue Cne4 raro craBa FcHo, ve SuraPuR
MupeH AoroBop, 3aAbnxaBaul ro fla npileMe xpilcTt4FH- uJe npileMe xpilcl4FHcKaTa penilfilF
crBoro or KoHcraHruuonol. C rogu ceofi xog BugauruR or BuaaHtun, nocJle4Hara npegnpil-
or4aBa npeAnoqilTaHile Ha "nonilturara Ha Kpbcra" eMa MepKil 3a 3arB-bp4flBaHe na go6prrr
npeA "norilrt4Kara Ha rvreva'i flper eceura Ha 863 r. cbceAcKr4orHoueHilfl. llonmrrxara Ha
r,rexgy 6'unrapna w Bvzautwfl 3anoqBar nperoBopt4 t4 evzaanvilcrwn uMneparop Llenil Aa
BnocnegcrBile cKnoLrBar "!-un6ox vrurp'i Maxap u ga npeMaxHe epax4e6Hocrra na 6unrap-
He ca 3ana3eHlA ycnoBtAflra Ha ro3l4 AoroBop, Te Morar cKilfl HapoA/ BcneAcTBile Ha 3aAbIXe-
ga 6ugar B'b3craHoBeHn Bb3 ocHoBa Ha cBeAeHilflTa HilFTa OT MvrpHr4F AOTOBOp/ 14 Aa U3Tpre
Ha eillaHriltlcKhre aBTopt4. Eulrapcrmnr BnaAeren ce cnoMeHa 3a AByBeKOBHara KbpBaBa
3a4bnxaBa Aa pa3rporHe c'bto3a cil c Heucroro rpan- Bpilqa. BmeaHruR ce PeuaBa Ha repil-
crBo, HacoqeH cper4y BenuxoMopaBilF, n o6eqaea ga TopilanHn orcr-bnKr4 Bprrula o6lacrra 3arope o6parHo
14 ^ Br:aHrrircxo n:xycreo or lX e.

:e noKpbcl4 3ae4Ho c'bc cBof napo4.3a noeMaHero Ha Ha Ernrapun c eAilHcrBeHara qeJl roBa Aa 6uge nonilril-
roea o6eLqaume AaBar cBeAeHuF tA HflKot 3anaAHu xpo- qecKvr r4HcrpyMeHT 3a 3acilnBaHe Ha gnilRHilero fi.

unrn. EguHcreeuara npngo6hBKa 3a 6trrapure e epu- XaH Sopnc or cBofl crpaHa ce crpeMil Aa yrBbpAt4
L{aHero Ha o6nacrra 3arope, 6er uepuonopcKilre Kpe- Eurapnn cpeg ocraHanrre eeponeicKt4 A-bpxaBil.
nocrta MeceNteprR, Auxnano il ,[eeenl Kotlro ocraBar E4mHcreeuara Bb3MoxHocr 3a nocrnraHero Ha ra3il
g'us eillaHrilfi cKil p-bqe. HefoBa qe'l e BbBexAaHeTo Ha xp[cTt4flHcTBoTo KaTo
oSrarlraanna penurv+ il npeBpbulaHero Ha 6unrapcrara
AbpxaBa B paBHonocraBilMa Ha ocraHafiilTe. llo roen
"flo,rrarrarara Ha Kpbcratt Havmu 6tnrapcKvlnT Bra4erefl craBa o6err Ha nonvru-
3a BhsaHruR nocrnraHero Ha Milp c Eunrapun h Hana- qecKil r4HTepecil or crpaHa Ha ABere BoAeulil xpl4cTt4flH-
- Topxoasera crbKneHa Kyna or
-aHero Ha 3aAbrxeHilero 3a noKp-bcrBaHe nop HetZHa cxn cnrr - HemcKoro KpancrBo t4 BilsaHriln. Or HeroBara Bil:asrus (lX-Xe.)

-rpr4cgr4Kqr4fl e or orpoMHo 3HaqeHile. llocpegcreon nocreAoBaTerHa il rbBKaBa nonilTnKa 3aBucn no KaKbB

*araraHeTo Ha qbpKoBHaTa cil BnacT Bc'bllHocT Tfl Ce
:-a:r,1!4 Aa nocraBil 6unrapmre noA cBoero nonilTuqecKo
- : :::ti H Lr,recreo. flo ro:h Haq u u KoHcraurr4 HonorcKara
-:-a,'3pixl4F hrpae ponflTa Ha ilHcTpyMeHT
-:.: -3.:,',r,iKa Ha ilMnepaTopilTe il npoBoAHt4K Ha nortl-
-,'*i:i,'-: ,':.' uerh.3a BhsaHrilR npileMaHero Ha xpilc-
-,,:-:-33-3 or larpraapuufiTa o3HaLraBa nogqilHeHne
-= j'=.--zc,.r ra gn:arruricraTa q-bpKoBHa nonlArvKa vl
-::-: c6B-bp3BaHe c B-brpeuHaTa noILlTilKa Ha ilMne-
:,'rra. Clr4o raKa - norhl4t.{ecKo noAqilHeHue, o6ycno-
HaqilH rofr qe il3Bneqe MaKcilManHil npeil-
MyqecrBa 3a crpaHara cra. Cpe4 Llenilre
na 6rrnrapcxun xaH ca c npileMaHero Ha
%q
{i.-S
B A-bpXaB- HoBara penilrilF Aa ce cb3Aage ra 6urap-
cKa qbpKBa, noA'lilHeHa Ha BucuaTa cBeT-
cKa Bflacr. B cryvaR KonctaurutuonoflcKara
narpilapur?rn e MHoro no-nr6epanHa B cpaB-
HeHhe c Prarvr. Tyx ce Kpile il no-A-bn6oxnat tarqt-
cbn Ha cKnoqeHilF Ml/peH AofoBop il noeroro oT
Eoprc :a4tnxeHile cnpff Mo Bwzantttn.

-ee-.Kgg-g.gs,gg"
E;-+
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XPIACTIAfl HCTBOTO B SbTITAPCKI4TE 3EMt4
flpe: lX e. no-rorflMara qacr or eBponeficrnre Hapogu ca xpucrv+HtA3r paHV XpncruRucraoro e no3Haro cpeA npa6tnraprre u cnaBFHilre. B serMilre Ha Ban-

cKoro HacefleHr.re ce pa3Aeng Ha cnaBFHl4 ra npa6rrrapra, o6oco6enra u no penh-
rio3eH npi3HaK. Toea o6cronrencrBo cb3gaBa npeqKi npeA iHTerpipaHero
B eAuHHa cnaenHo6trrapcKa Hapo4Hocr BbnpeKi qe erHoreHerhqHire npoqecn
ca B xo& a ocBeH roBa pa3AeneHrero 3anoqBa or Aocra BpeMe Aa pa6orra nporrae
ilHrepecilre Ha flbpxaBara.
[laeen nponoanABa B 3eMr4re Ha Maregoxrn wEnaga, a anocron Ax4pefi gocrnra
iM Ao 3eMire sa Manra Cxwwn(!o6pypxa), ocHoeaeafri qbpKoBHara o6u.lnHa ete
Burauruou (no-xtcno KoncraHrnHonon). llpe: 343 r. a Cepgrara (AH. Co0un) ce
npoBexfla e4nn or uafi-eaxnnre ct6opu na Bceneucrara qbpKBa, a cB. Hrrura or
Peuecuana nponoBn4Ba cpeg 6ecnre Ha poflHl4r ttttritpaxuhcxn e3uK il npeBex,qa

or rynrp"a KoHconunaquf, Kogro no ecrecBeH nbrAa 3anhq[,l pa3nnqiFra MexAy l43roxeHr Ha aKrnBHa Mict4oHepcKa letlnocr or crpana xa BnEanlaR n B cpeAara

ycneuHara BbHrlHonorrnqecra gerTrnocr Ha xaHoBere Kpynr, Or,ityprar; Manavrrap oqe npea 528 r. e KoHcraHrrHonor e noxptcreH "xyHcrnRf'eoxA [po4 rotiro
; uflpecraxHEurraprnnonagaeo6xprxeHileroHaABeMorbqnAbpxaBil-BngaH- e cBbp3BaH c npnqepHoMopcKl/re il npua3oBcKilre npa6tnrapn. Bep_oRrHo ca

: rapyfl ce rneAa Karo Ha BropocreneHHa AbpxaBa B MexgyHapo4Hara noflill4Ka, l1o epeuero Ha xaxoeere oMyprar n Manamup xpl4crt4flHhre e EtlraprR ca o6err

I ue ce orHacr cepro3Ho l4 K"bM cnopa3yMeHnflra u MipHire cu foroBopr c eAHa xan Ovryprar - Expaaora (Botztn, 6onx), AaBa xtlBora ci 3a xpicrtlfHcKara BRpa, c

: e:uvecxa crpaxa. Koero cTaBa nbpBt4ffT MbqeHilK 3a Bflpara ua btnrapcxara qbpKBa.

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Bu:eHrtrIq uMA I]IAHC Aa nonyqil cilnHo AyxoBHo Bnil-
fiHile Bbpxy brnrapnR r 4eficrea Bb3MoxHo Hari-6rpeo.
flper ecenra na 863 r. e KoHcraHTr/Honol.r npncrrirar npare-
H14r-ll,r Ha xau 6oprrc, xouro rpR6aa pa nperoBaprr 3a
Aoro-
Bopa MexflyABere ptpxaen. Te ca il nbpBrlre noKpbcreHr
6rnrapu cnope4 ycnoBunra Ha MilpHriF 4oroeop. flpr
3aBpbulaHero ru a EtlrapuR, c rflx ca il3npareHil eAilH
enzautwhcxn enhcKon, KaKTo u MHoxecrBo cBeuleHuqt4
A MOHaCV,vtAflTO MV:CI{A e Aa U3BbpUaT nOKpbcTBaHeTO
Ha qennn 6trrapcxrz napo4. Tara B Haqaroro ua 864 r.
3anoqBa MacoBoro npilo6qasaue na xaceneuueto ua 6tl-
rapcKara AbpxaBa KbM xpllcl4nHcreoro. floxprcrBa ce u ([e6enr) ocraHxw or 6atvnvxanua
^ IeynryM - lz1 cropn vecxrre v3r oqHtt\tA He Aa Bar eAHo3HaLt Ha
6urapcxuRr xaH, MaKap ve rori npaen rosa rafino, aogen t-l},pKBa. npeAnonafa ce, ce rMeHHo TyK KH93
ran$oprvaqrar 3a roqHara roAr/Ha Ha noKpbcrBaHero Ha
or 6e:noxoficrBoro 3a eBeHTyanHa BbrpeuHononilTilqec- 6oprc Mrxann npileMa xpucruFHcrBoro.
xar Eopug cnoMeHaBar ce pa3nvlntA rogur.lr,r: or 863 4o
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867 r., xaro aa nar)i-eepoRrua ce cqrira 864 r. l1o spervre
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caMhre Bil3aHTtttitcxvt tttctopn\Ll. Cnopeg elHa or rrx npil_ An6aunn, e orKpur Ha4nrc Bbpxy MpaMopeH crun6 c
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Qran :a ronnn ycnex 3a KHF3 Eoprac r,r 6trrapcxara 4rpxaea.
Puucrure npareHilqn 3anoqBar He:a6asuo caonra 4eir-
Hocr, cto6pa:Ho c AaAeHilre rm or nanara "pre4enocrpyrinr,r
cbBeril ,4 nacrasnenuR'1 Te o6uraanr qnla btnrapun, npono-
BFABaT Xpr4CTLrfl HCKaTa penilrufl, nOKpbCTBaT HenOKplCTe-
HilTe, ocBeulaBar HoBonocrpoeHil xpaMoBe. B naqanoto na
867 r. e Etrrapur npilcrilra unoro6pofino HeMcKo npareHil-
qecTBo oT npe3BuTepu il AflKoHr4, npeABoxAaHo oT onuTHl4ff
B noKpbcrnrenHara 4erinocr enilcKon llacay Xepuenpux.
Heucrrre nponoBeAHfiqil orKpr/Bal qe nancKilTe Mhclro-
Hepu BeLre u3BbpuBar aKrnBHa gerfuocr. llpu roea nono-
MarereH npvr nog6opa Ha AyxoBeHcrBoro, Koero Aa 3aMilHe
3a HoBonoKpbcreHara cfpaHa. Haqeno na cgonra uucuR rolr
nocra BF,[oruu H u x Tpu eeHcKu u l-puruyaag fl oa r uapru fi cxr,r.
Ha
Ha xHR:6opr,rc ce npeEocraBfl Bb3MoxHocTTa Aa ne6epe ma-
ea ua Errrapcrara qbpKBa Mex4y EBaMara HoBoh3npareHil
en14cKonil il llasen flonynoncxr. Orxartrga 6rge ptronono-
xen Oopmo:a |lopryencxu 3a apxilenilcKon na btnrapuR e
eAHa or nara-roremure rpeuKil B orHoueHrflTa c 6rnrapure,
KoilTo nancrBoro AonycKa. TR ce oragea ctg6oHocHa xarro
ea 6urrapo-purvrcKilTe orHoueHnn,raKa r,r aa 6op6ara laex,qy
Purvr r KoncraxruHonon 3a qbpKoBHo HaAMou.lile B Eeponefic-
Kilff OTOil3TOK.
Ha 13 r.roervrepu 867 r. prupa nana Hurorari l, a serosoro
^ MuHrarrcpa or lX a., r:o6pa:neaqa
Mrcro 3aeMa nana A4praar.r ll (867-872).l1per Qeepyapn 868 r.
nuneparop flngoenx ll r nana Hrhona,'
Oopvora llopryeHcxil u llaser flonynoucxu ce eprular e Pram
c nopegnoro 6tnrapcKo npareHilqecrBo, offraBFBaHo orHoBo
or llerup. llana A4praaH ll r-re ycnnea Aa c-b3pe o6para a no-
aegeuuero na 6bnrapcKr4n Bna4eren cneA orcrpaHflBaHero Ha
Ooprvoaa flopryeucru u orKa3Ba Aa pbKononoxil:a 6rnrap- - narpffapx Qorur,4 npenoAaBa Ha

xeHue rflxHoro npe6ueaeaHe e 6tnrapcrara AbpxaBa ce
oKa3Ba il3niluHo u Te HanycKaT cTpaHaTa.
Sop6ara uexgy Pnm u Koncranrvlonontt3nv3atA3B-bH paM-
rrre Ha QopmanHilTe q'bpKoBHoKaHoHl4LtHt4 cnopoBe, a HeilH
ecrecrBeH qerrup craea 6rnrapcKt4flr r..lbpKoBeH B-bnpoc.
PasHor,racr.rfl Ta Melrqy P[McKar a
rIr,pKBa u 6r.rrrapcKl{q BraAeTe,r
Xogosere na 6tnrapcxara AilnroMaqilfl npe3 BTopara no-
noeilHa Ha 866 r. h Haqaroro Ha 867 r. nnoro cxopo AaBar pe-
:ynra1 ruri Karo noflurilqecKara rexecr il u3eecrHocr Ha 5tl-
rapilF cpeg 3anaAHoeBponericxure gupxaeil 3HaqilrerHo
HapacrBa, a nancruRr Puvt ce an6raqrapa ga aaBorcBa oKoHqa-
renxo b-unrapcxara qbpKBa. B PnM noseorRear 3a apxuenuc-
xon na Eurrapun ga 6tge ptxononoxeHo nilqe, nocoqeHo or
6rnrapcruR Braneren. Cpe4 npeqcraeilTeflure Ha Bilcuero
cKu apxhenilcKon BrufirerHilfl il aBTopr/TereH 4nxon MaplrH
Korcrarrur-Krprn OrnocoQ s Marxa
ypcKara uKona u uuesso rori ro Hacbp
vrntanxoh cil, KaKBaro e Mon6ara na 6opnc.
oT KapAilHanilTe
caBa Ia cTaHe xpucrvqHcKu MrcfroHep
lula6oprr Ha llanara ce cnupa erpxy nnxorTr cu noggnron Cun- HA CNABflH[TE.
aecrup, rofiro, npugpyxeH or leonapg AnxoHcKil, npilcrilra
s llnrcxa, "aa 4a 6tge ra:6par.r or 6'unrapure'i Ho He ce 3a4bp-
xa grnro. flpunygeH e Aa ce 3aBbpne e Pum, xaro Hocil nilcMo
or 6tnrapcxun xuRg. B rosa nucvro 6opuc pn3Ko u Kareropilq-
Ho nocraBf ucKaHero cu 3a yrBbpxAaBaHe Ha gnroH Maprar.r
unn na Oopmora sa 6rnrapcxu apxilen!4cKon. B ptnroro cr
nilcMo orroBop nana A4puan ll,paz6npaiw, ue 6rarapcxara
AbpxaBa e Ha nbr Aa ce il3nnb3He oT qbpKoBHara rcpncAhK-
qnn ua Puucxara qbpKBa, nopqepraBa, qe e cKnoHeH Ha KoM-
npoMr4cr4/ BbnpeKu qe e KaTeropilqeH B oTKa3a c!4 3a pbKono-
naraHero na Ooploaa ranra Mapran. Oxaaea ce o6aqe, qe Beqe
e KbcHo 3a T'bpceHe Ha ocHoBa 3a B3ailMHn rounpomrcu, rufr
Karo KHfl3 6opuc e peueH Ha BcflKa qeHa Aa crurne poxparl a
npecneABaHero na 6tnrapcxure norhruqecKil qenil.

NATPI4APX OOTI4VI
Lluero ua narpuapx Oon4ft ce cBbp3Ba c HetoBara peBHocrHa 3aulura Ha npa-
BocraBHara xpilcrunHcKa penwnll. Tofr e xpynna o6qecreena Qr,rrypa, yxpen-
Baqa aBropilrera xa Bu:anruR B xpncrunHcKuR canr. Cle4 ce6e cu ocraes
6orara rHhxoeua gefr nocr.
OorvrrTr ce paxga B KoHcraHruHonon npe:820 r. e 6oraro il 3HarHo cemerac-
reo. bpartr Ha HeroBara marlxa e xeHeH 3a cecrpara xa gugaxtuticxara uMne-
parpr,rqa Teo4opa.
6r4equnr narpnapx nonyqaBa Hafi-go6poro o6paroeanne 3a BpeMero cll yt
craBa npenoflaBarefl, a no-KbcHo il peKrop Ha npoqyrara Marxaypcxa ulxona
e KoHcraHruxonoi, Kbgero nonyqaBar o6pa:osaxuero cu KoHcraxrun-Krpun
Oranoco$ ur qap Crarvreou Benuru.
Karo nari-o6paaoBaHun npeAcraBurer Ha roraBaulHa Bu:aHrus, npe:858 r.
ooilara e npoBb3rnaceH 3a qapilrpaAcKr4 naTpuapx. Tori urvra roIrMa 3acnyfa
3a pa3npocTpaHeHilero Ha xpucTl4fiHcKara Kyrlrypa cpefl e3uqecKoro Hacene-
nne, r-uft Karo HacbpqaBa Koucraxrrn-Knpran @ranoco@ Aa 3anoqHe xpyrcn4ffH-
cKara cil periHocr cpeg cnaBflFrure. OceeH roea o6crofino 3ano3HaBa xan Foprrrc
c xpucl4rHcKara Brpa h xyrBol Karo roBa o6r4yaaxe 6e: ctmseuue noBrr4flBa
cbr4ecrBeHo Ha MoHapxa npu ur6opa ua KorcrannaxonoicKara narpuapulr4l 3a
npileMaHe Ha xpilcn4nHcrBoro. flpe: 879 r. narpuapx Ooruvr ceilrga LlbpKoBeH
ct6op a KonctarruHonon, ua roriro o6nenea Srrnrapcrara qbpKBa 3a aBroKe-
$anna (cauocronrenua). C npaeo Moxe Ea ce Kaxe, qe narpuap)GT tzrMa cepho3Hrl
3acnyfr 3a yKpeneaHero u yrBbpxgaBaHero Ha xpncrunHcrBoro B ErnrapnR.
{ennn cu xr4Bor narpuapx Oornrl nocBeqaBa Ha 3aqrra Ha xpilcl4flHcKara
pelnrt fl. Ymupa e 3aroLreHfie na 6 $eepyapra 891 r., raro ocraeR creg ce6e
ch cBetbl npilMep u 6oraro KHvrxoBHo HacneAcrBo. O6neeH e 3a cBereq, a
naMerra My ce qecrBa Ha 6 OeBpyapfl.
SurapcKtAfrr
qbpKoBeH Bbnpoc
Bce,rencxunr cr6op or 869 n u
HeroBIrTe pemeHr,rfl
llprntuHeeeHETo HA 6:b,rrApl4t B roHoro Ha
Plrrr,lcrara qbpKBa nocraBfl Haqaroro Ha HoB KoH-
$,rrrr rvrex4y Puu yr KoncrasrilHonor, e rofiro ilMeHHo
peuJaBaHero na 6rrrapcxrfl rlbpKoBeH Bbnpoc 3aeMa
ocHoBHo [4Rcro. fuexaeara AilnnoMaLlrR na run: Eoprrrc
B nepiloga 866-870 r. npilHyxAaBa BilgaHrytR 4a 6t4e
no-orcr-bnqilBa cnpffMo npeflflBeHilTe or 6unrapcrara
crpaHa ilcKaHufl, c qen ga u:6erne onacHocrra or cbceA-
crBo c eAHa o6Lurapr.ra xpilcrrinHcKa AtpxaBa, HaMil-
paula ce no4 BbpxoBeHcrBoro Ha nancrns Pmu.
Mexgyepervrer-rHo s KoHcraHrnHonor B pe3ynrar Ha
JbpxaBeH npeBpar Mrxarn lll e y6rar il npecron-br ce
3aeMa or Bacunuk I Maxegoneq (867-886). OrcrpaueH
e or naTpl/1apuecKilR npecTolt il HenpL|Mt4pytMl4FT Bpar
la nancKr4l Przrm Oorrzrrzr il Ha HeroBo Mflcro e r:6par-r
luatvttt Bnganrufi cxara rMneparopcKa il narpila puec- HarnaceHa cvrya\nflt nancKilTe npaTeHrillr] ce onilTBaT ^ l,43rneA oT nnilcKa - ocraHKure or
(a Bnacr norarar roreMil ycvnv+ 4a npno6qnr nos- Aa oTKnoHflT pa3rnex4aHeTo Ha nocTaBeHilF Bbnpoc. nt,peara 6tnrapcxa crorrLla. B npogtl-
xeHile Ha ABa BeKa oT ocHoBaBaHeTo Ha
ropHo brrrapilfl KbM ce6e cr, Karo il3npaular HflKolKo flocne4eaqrnr cnop o6ave c Hnrqo He npoMeHfl B3e-
6trrapcxara gtpxaaa (or 681 Ao 893 r)
-pareH,4qecrBa B nepiloAa 867-869 r. llana A4praan ll roro peueHile Eunraprrrr fla npeMilHe noA BbpxoBeH- fpaAbT e TIaBHo noflilTilqecKo, BoeHHo,
"' narpuapx lAruatwit ce cnnorffBar or o6qara cu HeHa- crBoro Ha KoHcraurusonorcKara narpilapuilfl, Ho Aa KynTypHo r,4 fi KoHoMucecKo cpeAilule.

3,4cr K-bM Oornfi, ero 3aulo orHoueHunra mexpy Prrrru n 6uge o6oco6eHa Karo aBroHoMHa apxnenrcronuR. Ha
icrcrarrnronor noeMar Kypc Ha no4o6peuue. Oceen ToBa 3aceAaHile Ha OcuuR BceneHcKl4 ct6op puucrara
-cBa nancrBoro ce Hyx4ae or eilgaHrilficxara BoeHHa qbpKBa nperbpnflBa eflHo or Hafi-rexxure cr nopa-
-cr!lou.{ 3a or6rucxeaHe na apa6nre ot wtanuitct<na xeHnr. Eurapun nonyqaBa apx/enilcKon t,t aBToKe-
-cryocrpoB. Ctlqeepeuenno ce crr/ra Ao peueHilero $anna, He:asucrma Lltprsa He no BonfiTa yt cHl43xox-
Aa
:e cBrKa Bcenencrr cr6op, na xoirro 4a ce orMeHflT aHa- AeHileTO Ha KOHCTaHTilHOnOJTCKI4fl naTpilapx, a qpe3
-er1l4Te, TerHeulil HaA ABeTe q'bpKBl4, T. e.
Aa Ce OCBeTri cu6opHo peueHyte, Ha Koero npilcbcrBar npeAcraBil,
:5,rrxernero MexAy rflx. 3auucuntr Ha BnsaHtilR e Ha Tenil Ha Ba lKVtXpVCrnFHCKn LlbpKBil.3aeucyrruocrra na
ro:ra cr6op ga 6u4e nocraeeu n pa3rneAaH 6rnrapcxunr Eunrapcxara q-bpKBa or KoncranruHononcrara e Qop-
u-bpKoBeH Bbnpoc - Qaxl rofiro ocraBa Heil3BecreH 3a MafiHa, 3auloro cneABar!ilTe fi npegcroRrelttt ce uz6tt-
;rana AgpraH Il. par or Knilpa ra 6tnrapcrmn enncKonar c o4o6penuero
OotllrRr BcereHcKl,4 c-u6op, xoriro 3acegaBa e KoHc- Ha BnaAerenff. Karo ntnHoglacreH u cyBepeHeH Bflage-
raHrLlHonor npe: 869-870 t, Bcbt{Hocr e n nbpBl4FT ycne- Ten KHR3 6oprac, naxap il Aa HFMa $opmanno npil3Ha-
tl'JeH pe3ynrar or yMerara nonvrnKa
Ha KHfl3 6opnc I Hile Ha rcpil,qriqecKilTe cil npaBa, uMa B-b3MOXHOCT Aa
Co$rr"
no 6trrapcrnn qbpKoBeH Bbnpoc. CauuRr c-u6op ce Bnhne B'bpxy l4a6opa Ha 6urapcxrn qbpKoBeH maea.3a
^ Ut,pKBara "Caera
BbTpeueH u3tnea.
orKpl/Ba Ha 5 oKroMBpl4 869 r. rzr ce:axpilea Ha 28 Qeepy- npte 6'ulrapcril apxnenilcKon narpilapx lulrnarufi ptxo-
apv 870 r. B qbpKBara "Ceera CoQrrrn'i Peruenue no 6rn- nonara DlocwQ. C nocre4oearenHara cta il peur/rerHa
rapcKrlfl t_l-bpKoBeH Bbnpoc ce B3eMa Ha il3BbHpeAHO nortArlAKaxnn: 6opuc MHoro cKopo cneA noKpbcrBa-
:aceganre or 4 uapr 870 r. Ha roea nocne4Ho 3aceAaHile Hero ycnnBa 4a ce c4o6r,re c aBToHoMufl ra Etlrapcxara
3a h3HeHaAa Ha npeAcraBilrerilTe Ha Puucrara qbpKBa qbpKBa. flo roeu HaqilH peueHuRra na OcuuR BcereH- v MaHycKpunl r:o6pa:naaq
cM-bprra Ha uvneparop Ilte Vl Mt Apu
pe4oM c oQrquannrre npeAcraBilrenh Ha BcvqKtA xpvtc- cxrrr ct6op ca no6e4a na 6tnrapcxara .qhnnoMaqilfi. (866-912). llpe4nonara ce, qe e cuH Ha
TAFHCKIA llbpKBll (narpuapcrrrre na KoHcranruuonol, Ha Bcenencxnn crr6op nper 880 r. aBroHoMHocrra Ha Bacv,nvi, I MaKeEoHeu.
Epycanuvr, Anercaugpna u Aurvoxua, KaKro n npare- 6tnra pcxara a pxilen ilcKon ilF e norBbp4eHa. f1 pecruxtr
HIlqV Ha Pnlcxwa nana) gaemar vec- Ha buraprn B qbpKoBHo rA nonvrv+ecKo orHoueHile
Tara cil u 6'unrapcrure npare- qyBcrBilTenHo HapacrBa. Tn oxouqarenuo ce BKnoLlBa B
nnqn. lzlruneparop Bacranrari I
"ceuefi creoro Ha xpricrrlfl Hcxrzrre r.rapogra'j no-ToqHo B
Maxegoxerl nocraBn 3a pa3- Kpbra Ha eutaur uitcr<ata q-bp Ko B H o-Kynrypn a o6q uocr.
rflex4aHe B-bnpoca 3a oprlc-
j'ffi$ AlKqvtflra Ha Errrapcxara HenpecranHr.{Te orrr{Tlr 3a [pr{BJr[rraHe
q-bpKBa. 9yecreaftxra, qe Ha Fr,,uapr{f B JroHoro Ha Puucnara
nonaAar B npeABapilrenHo uT,pKBa
I 3rarsa er:arruricxa uouera, llopaxenuero, Koero nper-bpnRea Prri4crara qbpKBa
u:o6pa:nsaula BacilneBca Bacwnnt' I Ha OcmuR BceneHcKt4 ct 6op s Koncranrrnonon, ne fi
MaKeAoHeu u HefoBtAA cur Kogcraxrru orHeMa HaAex4ara, qe qe ycnee orHoBo 4a npra4o6rae
 Bptsxnre ua Eunrapnn c Pnucxata qbpKBa e nepuoga 866-
E'unrapcxnn qbpKoBeH Atlo-
qes. Oco6eno ynopuro KtM 882 r. ca BaxHa crpaHuLla or Ll'bpKoBHara AunnoMarilqec-
Ka vcroptA+ na Eepona. Te parxpraear xatl-nuuo ponnra Ha
ToBa ce AoMorBa nana lZoan
6un ra pcrara,q'bpxa Ba Karo cpeAoroq he Ha n or ilTtl tlecKhre'
Vlll (872-882). fl pe: 4exeuePn
ll'bpKoBHllre il KynrypHnre ilHrepecil Ha Llsrora u 3anaga e
872 r. rch il3npau.la nucMo
e Koero no4- Pannoro cpeAHoBeKoBvle. B rarar'ra cnnerxa Ertnrapuf rbKMo
Ao KHF3 6opmc,
qepraBa B'bpxoBeHcTBoro ToraBa oKoHqarenHo ce orBpbula or Pnu r cBbp3Ba cBoflTa
cug6a ra ucropr4fl c XpucrnnncrnA tA3loK.
Ha Pnucxara q-bpKBa HaA
BchqKu ocraHanu. llPer cneg-
BaqilTe ro1uHt rofi orHoeo Ils6srnaHero Ha o[acnocrra or HoBo pa3re-
ce o6prr.qa rlu 6urapcrrn JreHr{e B ooruecrBoro
BnaAeren c nucMa, h3nbn-
XpncruRnrearopcKara noflnrhKa Ha KHfl3 bopvrc o6ave
HeHil C'bC 3anlaxh il yBeula-
cbBceM He npuKnoqBa c il3BoloBaHero Ha 6urapcrara
HAfl. Mex4yepeueHHo Ha
rj-bpKoBHa aBToHoMtlF. fluncara Ha co6crgeHa nilcMeHocr
naTpuapuecKilfl npecTon B
nocraBr cepho3eH npo6neu 3a HoBo pa34eneHue e o6qec-
KoHcrartmnonon HacrbnBa
reoro. B nep[oAa rMexgy 866 r. v 870 r./ no BpeMe Ha pilM-
npoMflHa. Ha 28 oxrouePn
cKara AyxoBHa MtAcAfl,ce Harara flarilHcKl4FT e3UK, a npeAil h
877 r. yr,rivpa l{rnarnit il 3a narpilapx e m:6pan orHoBo ^ flnflcKa e cpeA rai-eHyuurenurre
naMeTHrqn Ha cpeAHoBeKOBHOTO cne4 ToBa xa/t-ynorpe6nBaHilrr AbpxaBeH, KopecnoHAeH-
HenpuMvrpr4Mvrnr cnpflMo nancKilre nnaHoBe Oorrtl. flpea
eBponeicKo rpaAocrpol/TencrBo. ren u 6orocnyxe6eH esnx orHoBo e rpbqKilFT. Macoeoro
uafi-pnr 878 r. rvrex4y Eurapun n Pum ce ocbulecrBflBar
u3non3BaHe Ha rpbllKvl e3uK cTaBa TB'bpAe onacHo 3a
AilnnoMaTvrqecKvl oTHoueHilfl, Kol4TO He AaBaT oqaKBaHilTe
burrapun, rtfi raro ynorpe6ara Ha qyxA h Heno3Har 3a
or nanara pe3ynraril nopaAu o6croRrercreoro' qe KHfl3
onpeAeneHa rpyna xopa'
MHO3yTHCTBOTO e3hK Cb3AaBa eAHa
Eoprac n npr6nuxexure My He xenarr HoBo ycnoxHnBaHe
Kovrro ro BnaAeflT r MofaT Aa cu cnyxaT c Hero, u orpoMHa
ra 6unrapcxun qbpKoBeH Bbnpoc. 6ea 4a nperucBa Aocera
Maca or HenpocBereHr4. Or 4pyra crpaHa, rpbqKuflr e3uK
c Pvrrucxara rypun, 6urapcKl4flr BraAerer He cKtloHFBa Aa
oTKpvrBa MHoro Bb3MOXHOCTU 3a npoHt4KBaHe Ha Bil3aH-
npileMe HanpaBeHhre My npeAnoxeHnfl u E'bp}<t Ha ycra-
twiacxo Bnr4flHile He caMo s cQepmre na Llupreara, no n e
HoBeHilre na Bcenencrrs crr6op peuLexuR. bunrapcxara
AbpxaBHo-nontArv'.l,ecKu+ xueor. He 6wea 4a ce oMano-
AbpxaBa rbpcil noAKpenara Ha Pumcrara qbpKBa caMo
BaxaBa u o6ctoRrenctBoro, qe bunrapun ce npocrupa Ha
3a orcroflBaHe Ha noflvlrl4qecKilTe cil ilHTepecu. Bunperu
qe phMcKr4nr nana npo4bnxaBa Aa noAxpaHea aM6n- rept roputA, c qnflro eary6a Brzr:aurilfl He Moxe Aa ce npr-
uupra. Crpevrextr aa npeo6na4aBaHe na Eanranure nog-
ql4hre cu aa npno6r4aeaHero Ha Eunrapun, Bb3craHoBflBa-
xpaHBa uex4y Burarrwa w lvnrapwa eAHa BeqHa 6op6a aa
ulhre ce nepilo4t4qecKvr 6un ra po-pu tvtcKl4 l-l'bpKoBH Ll orHo-
HaAMolLlile, KofTo AaBa peanHa onacHocT rpbqKoTo Btll4F-
LUeHhfl Ht4Kora He orK'bcBar 6'ulrapnre or flpasocnaenuR
xue e 6-unrapcKaTa AbpxaBa Aa AoBeAe il Ao nonurilqecKa
rEror. C ro3h aKT ce cb34aBar 6naronpnnrHn ycJloBl4fl He
Brgasrnrlcxa:narsa uoHera (Xl e.) 3aBhcvrMocr na 6unrapun or BilsaHrvlficrara uMnephn.
caMo 3a BKnoqBaHero Ha HoBonoKp'bcreHoro 6unrapcro ^
or BpeMero Ha ilMneparop Bacttnnh I
9per xpracrunHh3aLlmrra xxnr bopltc ce HaAFBa Aa npe-
o6qecrao eue engaHtufi cKnF KynrypHo-penhrilo3eH KpbD MaKeAoHeq. Tofi nocraBfl Haqanoro
MaxHe BepcKr4re n KyflrypHvr pa3nwlvtfl nnexgy npa6unrapr,r
no u aa QopturpaHero Ha cnaBnHo-Bl4gautntlcrara o6qnocr Ha MaKeAoHcKara AhHacruF, Kofro
npe: CpegnoeeKoBilero. ynpaBnFBa Bu:astnn 1 50 roAnHu.
v cnaB+Hvt, Ho BMecro roBa ce oqepraBa onacgocr 6un-
rapcKoro o6ulecreo ,qa 6u4e nuueHo or Bb3MoxHocrra 3a
B rpan na 879 r. v Haqanoro na BB0 r. ce npoBexAa HoB
co6creeHa KynrypHa tA3ABa v HaLlhoHaflHa vlAeHrvlLlHocr.
Bcenencxn cu6op, na rotiro ce B3eMa BaxHo peueHne, oKa3-
Ta:n onacsocr e il36erHara hMeHHo 3apaAh 3acnyrara Ha
Bau{o 3HaqeHhe Bbpxy $oprvrannoro u3pa3rBaHe He3aBilctl-
v L[-upxeara "Caera Co$un" - nPec- ABaMara 6pan Kvpvtn vr Mero4rarir, Kovlro c'b3flaBar cna-
Mocrra Ha Eunrapcxara apxuenilcKonun - ennaaulure e xefi- TorHa qbpKBa Ha Bil3aHTntZcKara rM-
BFHCKaTa nUCMeHOCT U nOCTaBflT Haqanoro Ha KynrypHl4n
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nogeM no Hauure 3ewttttA Ha KHr3 6oprac, xorlro peuaBa Aa
KhTe cnilcbLll4 na KonctaHrnxononcKara narpnapurn. flo ocMaHcKuTe 3aBoeBaTenn
npe3 1453 r h3non3Ba rFXHoro Aeno B 3aulura Ha cBofl HapoA.
cbulecrBo peueHuFra Ha ro3t4 cu6op o6naro4erencrBar npegil
ecuqxo BhaaHrnitcxara narpuapuran rzr 6u rapcKara a pxnenmc-
xonun. Te ce oKa3Bar u nooleAHoro nopaxeHile rla Puucxara
qbpKBa are epr:ra c 6urapcKt4r r-l'bpKoBeH Bbnpoc.
KHn: 6opnc orcrpaHflBa pilMcKoro AyxoBeHcrBo or crpa-
HaTa, a xpncroBaTa BRpa 3anoqBa Aa ce pa3npocTpaHfBa or
ensaHrnlicxa uncun. Tepurophnra Ha AbpxaBara e pa3Ae-
neHa Ha enncKonuil, KaTo nbpBoHaqanHu enncKoncKn qeH-
rpoBe ca Cepgrara, 6enrpa4,,{pucrup, 64rH, Oxpn4 Cxonne
gp. Knn: 6opuc:anovea ycilneHo crpohrencrBo Ha q'bpKBtl
ra

u MaHacrupvr oule npe3 864 r., xato oco6en pa3Max 4o6uea

npea 866-870 r., npeycrpoeHil ca il HFKol4 e3nqecKil xpaMoBe.
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nnra s flnncra. OuoueuuRra MexAy A)D(oBHara n cBercKara
Bflacr ce rpa4nr Ha npilHqilna Ha "qe3aponanu3ua" - enage-
reflflT croil uag Ll'upxeara, Koflro My e noAtlilHeHa. Karo qnno
b'unrapcrara apxilenilcKonufl ce il3rpaxga no no4o6ue Ha

KoucranlanononcKara narpilaputlfl .
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nyxoBHoro 1/{3flHraHe Ha Sunrapms
Paqyulroro ilocpeuaHe Ha Kupu,ro-
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Clcree-sHrro HA CJIABTHCKA A3EyKA 14 c-b3-
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5'unrapcru e3ilK ce oKa3Bar il3KntoqilTenHo neo6-
xo414Mrl 3a yKpenBaHe Ha HoBara Bflpa no 6tnrap-
cKrre 3eMil. 3axpmnara Ha cnaBfHcKara npocBera t,r
KHr4xoBHocr n ua 6orocnyxeHriero Ha cnaBRHcKt/
e3rlK HaMilpa il3pa3 B paAyuHoro nocpeu"laHe Ha
Krprro-MeroAileBilre yqeHilqil e Suraprn.
3a cnr,rpaue Ha nbrfl Ha qyxAoro BnilffHile ca HyxHvr
co6creeFiil cBeqeHilqil, npeAaHil ra SuraprR. B
ca3rapa Ha Ta3u Kph3a cbBceM HaBpeMe npvcTvt-
-ar rpr/Ma or yqeHilqilTe Ha Krpmn r Merognrl -
{rrarutenl Hayv u AHrenapufi. Cne4 mHoro npe-
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reH ynpaBuren (6opurapxan) pasnurea nogpo6Ho
,qeH/L1,4Te il cneA raro pa:6r,rpa KotA ca, Esaefixur
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npilcrrrar e ErnrapnR il ce BKnloqBar B Aenoro 3a
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14
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il ABe q-bpKBr,4 c "Kpbrna r cSepuvna Qopvra'i llpes
cKtAA KHfl3 rpafi Oxpn4cKoro e3epo Hayv nocrpo-
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ril MoHauecrBo. llrpeouavanHo ro e eumurrtZcro, uo
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ce il3n'bnBaT c 6bn- B perynrar or pa3qBera Ha KHvlxoBHt4re cpegilula
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uecKil caH, Hanpil- r-bna Ha qyxAeHqr4re Ao AnbxHocr/l B AbpxaBara il

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Krpiln u MeroAuri. Tau 4eavara 6parn
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nponoBflABar ra crapo6tnrapcxn e:nx,
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npel 893 r. Knrvent Oxptt4cxtt e pbKononoxeH penuf l/fl cpeA cnaB9HhTe.

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no nbrfl Ha xpyrcl/FHcrBoro, a llpecnascxnnr cu6op
ce fl BF Ba BeH eqbT Ha xpvcr tAAHt43aTopcKaTa nonvr vKa
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ct6opa noBepflBa ynpaBneHuero Ha A'bpxaBara Ha
Cnmeon, a cneA ToBa orHoBo ce 3aBpbqa B MaHac-
rnpa "Ceerr llasreneirvron", sa 4a ce orAaAe naK Ha ^ Pyrsu or eropara 6iit
BenL4Kil flpecnaB. TyK ce
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lrxoBHr.4qr4 nonyqaBar peAr4qa npaBHil tA coqrAanH4 npv- nonvrnKa.
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renHa hHcrilryqrin, l,lAeeH Kpenilren Ha Hapo4a. flo epe- Ta riM c Benrrouopaeliff npe3
rlero Ha rHr: Sopnc 6rnrapcxara qbpKBa orBotoBa rbpxec- 862-863 r. C roea rori noxaaea. ve
lBoTo Ha xpilcTilflHcKaTa v4eonorvq Lt ,l3KopeHFBaHeTO Ha crpaHara My He e 3afy6t4na nontA-
cmpilTe penviftrlo3Hvi Bb3t teAu il e3ilqecKr o6il.{at/1 no 6tn- TfiqecKilTe cv no3vutAtA Ha eBpo-
FapcKilTe 3eMil. nericxara cqeHa ,4 craryra cu Ha
3HaqnMa BoeHHa cr4na.
Er,rrapur B Kpafl Ha IX B.
llpneuanero Ha xpucn4flHcrBoro Hocli4 npoMeHil KaKTo
) Ceeru 6tnrapcxr npocaerilTenil - t4KoHa
BbB BbTpeuHonoIuTLiqecKaTa cilryaufiR, TaKa il B oTHOUe- sa caernre Ce[uocilcneHIuta,
ParnpocrpaHeHue Ha xpucnl-
RHGTBoTo no 6tnrapcKt[Te 3eMUt
npeAil noKpbcrBaHero
l-lpuervranero Ha xpucTl4flHcreoro :a oQra-
I lrlraanna A'bpxaBHa penurvtfl a Eurapun
e BbHruHr4Fr r43pa3 Ha AID(OBHaTa npoMfHa,
pe3ynTar oT MHoxecTBo pa3nuqHu npl/quHu.
B e4uara ch qacr 3aA ToBa ce Kpue Beqe
ycTaHoBeHara no3tA$AA Ha xpilcTl4ff HcrBoTo
B 3eMrre,3aBflageun or 6unrapnre - pen!4ru-
RTa e pa3npocrpaHeHa cpeA MecTHoTo Hace-
reHue oT BpeMeTo, KoraTo ca noA BnacTE Ha
KoHcraHT[Honon. He no-uanoeaxen Qarrop
oKa3Bar v nonvT[!,ecKuTe u col-luanHu npo-
MeHu B 6unrapcrara AbpxaBa, Hacrbnuail
npe3 nbpBara nonoBhHa xa lX e.
lzlcropmuecxure cBeAeHhF noKa3Bar,
qe
xpucTr4flHcrBoTo ce pa3npocTpaHnBa
MacoBo nz 6anxaucxnre npo6nHqiln Ha
Pr,rucrara uMnepufl. Cnopep npeAaHvlnTa
no re3u :euu Xpucroeoro yqeHue npono-
Cuqeepeuexno penilrurra ce pa3npoc-
nre-
TpaHflBa m cpeA HflKol4 oT cnaBFHCKnTe
uesa. Hacr or rflx ro npueMar 4o6poeonxo,
qacr
aApyru ca npviHypenr,r or Bv3atTnfl Karo
or nerZnara nonurrKa 3a penurilo3Ho nprao6-
qaBaHe h acuMunupaHe.
XpucruRucreoro, MaKap il npeoreABaHo or
6irnrapcrure enagerenu Ao Haqanoro Ha lX s.,
ycnflBa Aa HaMepu noqBa m Aopvl npoHt4KBa B
KpbroBeTe Ha.xaHaKoTo ceMefi creo. Taxa KbNl
cpeAara Ha BeKa B.bB Beqe rpatluo Qopuu-
panara ce 6urapcra A'bpxaBa qapu penu-
n4o3Ho pa3gefieniae, petynrar or c6nrtcrrra.
Ha BrpBaHuflTa na npa6unrapilTe u cnaBfl-
HilTe e3[qHhLI4, Or eAHa a, ta re3v, npv'
enu xpr4cl4flHcreoro, quiro 6pofr HapacrBa c
-CrpaH
npuo6qaeanero xa ergaHrhtlcril Tepuroprl14
ruu 6urapun. Toara npo6neu ce ga4u6o-
qaea oco6eno B MoMeHTa, KoraTO Haqeno Ha
A'bpxaBara 3acraBa xat 6oprac. Or.{hrafirvl
B'bHttHonoruruqecKara o6craxoaxa u npo-
MeHUTe B A-bpXaBHoTO yCTpOI4CTBO, KOTITO

BflABar ou.{e nper I e. anoctonnte flasen ca 3anoqHaru or HefoB[Te npeAulecrBe-

ra Ax4perl. C yrerpx4aeaHero Ha penil-
il
rnfra ce c'b3EaBa q'bpKoBHa opraHu3a-
qran. L{er-rrup Ha penuruo3Hara geftHocr
craaa KoxcraHTnHonon. flpr or4enixero
Ha lzlsroqHara ilMnepilr enucKonbr ua Kon-
CTaHTUHOnOI nonyqaBa TrTIaTa naTpilapx vl
cTaBa AID(oBeH rnaBa Ha BcnqKu xphcTvlflHl4
xa Eanraxnte, noAenacrnu Ha BilsaxruR..
[upxoeurnr xvrBor B Te3h 3eMu B nepn-
oAa Vl - Vll e. e HapyueH or HatrrecrBnero
Ha eghqeckm nneMeHa or h3ToK. Cpeg rnx ca
u npa6urapure, Kor4ro 3aB3eMar repuro-
pHil no rer{eHhero xa flynae il ycraHoBflBar
cBor AbpxaBa. Xpucrunncreoro B Te3il 3eMu
3anoqBa Aa ce npecneflBa KaTo npoBoAHl4K
xa ehsaxrhfi cro Bnvrff Hvle.
peuleHue 3a npueMaHe
H14tlt4, XaH-bT B3eMa
Ha xBvlcl4flHcrBoro Karo o6qa ra o6eguxn-
Bau{a pennrufl.
lenra e ga ce 3anuqar penurilo3t{ilre pa3-
nilqun MexAy craBflHnre u npa6urapure u
Aa ce yKpenu B'brperlHoro eAuHcrBo Ha
xaBara. Apyra npeAnocraBKa 3a no4o6no
peueHhe e u Sarrur, qe xpncrt4gHcrBoro ce
pa3npocrpaHnBa Bce no.MacoBo u3 6-blfap-
cKrTe 3eMU, KOeTO AOnbflHnTeflHO 3aCUrBa
BepcKuTe npoTr4BonocTaBfl H 14fl .
Ilpuenaaxe Ha xpvlcrntHcKara
perl,lruf, - KoHconugaqufra Ha
ABe nneMeHa B HapoA
C aueex4arero Ha xpucrt4flHcrBoro
o$raL4raanra A'bpxaBHapennrv+ 6opuc ce
crpeMu Aa nocrilrHe o6egruReate Ha cna-
eRrn u npa6urapn B eAnHHa HapoAHocr h
yKpenBaHe Ha.cyeepenurera Ha 6bnrap!4F.
Xpucrnnucraoro cbulo raKa rpn6ea ga
^ KHr3 6opuc l.- tutrtHnaropa or"yqurenHo eBaHre-
nne" Ha KoHcraHTxH flpecnaocKu, npennc or Xlll B.
Thfl e ocHoBHara nphquHa roi 4a nompcu
cugerTrcrerero xa Pum. PaEeonr ta cu6n-
rilRia npe3 863 r. Hacoqea Etnrapnn rcurut
AbF npueMaHe Ha xpucn4flHcrBoro or Koncrax-
TnHonon. bunrapcxuRr enageTen o6ave cuy-
MRBa Ea U3nOr3Ba npOTr4BOpequRTa MexAy
ABaTa A)D(OBHI4 qeHTbpa Ha xpncTvlRHcTBOTO
mAa h3BotoBa 3HaqhTenHa caMocToflTerHocT
3a HoBara Eunrapcxa q'bpKBa. Taxa, uarap
ra nokprcreru or KoscranruHonon, 6u-
faphTe cbyMffBar Aa 3ana3flT cBofTa penil-
ruo3Ha He3aBucvrMocr. ,Qpyr aprynaexr npra
raa6opa xa 6oprc Moxe Aa ce lbpct4 14 BbB
$arra, ve eugautnircxuar qbpKoBeH MoAen
3a orpexAa BoAeula ponfl Ha cBercKoro ynpaB-
reHhe n no4o6ro na npa6unrapcKure Bep-
BaHUR OnpeAenr BnaAeTenf 3a nocTaBeH oT
6ora a6conpreH MoHapx.
Eoprac reupgo orcroflBa HanaraHero Ha
rvry HOBaTa pennfuf ra c peul,iiennocr noryuaBa

noMorHe Aa yrB'bp4r4 co6creeHara cu no3u- onura 3a 6ynr xa HrKor4 or qfleHoBere Ha

qun Karo nocraBeH or 6ora Bna4eren.
6opuc ce prroBoA!4 cblt1o raKa u or B'bHttl-
HonormruqecKure $arropra e Eepona. Kurvr
cpe4ara na lX e. xpr4cn4nHcrBoro e npuero
oT noqril .Bcvr{rKvl AbpxaBu Ha KoHTUHeHTa
n e3nqecka Bunrapun, MaKap u cMtHa sbB
BOeHHO OTHOllleHne, e 3annaueHa oT BbHuJHa
u3onaqun. Eguucreero npuo6qaaauero ruvt
xpr4cl4flHcKoro ceMeitcreo Moxe Aa ochrypu
Ha AbpxaBaTa MexqyHapoAHo npu3HaHue u
yrB'bpxgaBaHe. PenuruRra cbulo raKa AaBa
Aocrln ua 6rrnrapcxuR HapoA t4 flo Kynryp'
a.pilcroKpaqhflia..C roea iofi nora:ea reup-
AaTa cn no3uquf 3a npoMRHa Ha penilrilo3-
Hvrfl MoAen e Eunrapnn. flupxaeara rpn6ea
Aa noeMe no HoB nbT Ha pa3Bl4The u Aa
cK'bca clc cr3pnre cra BflpBaHufl. Ta:ra cgon
peuruTenHocr MoHapxbT AeMoHcTpilpa n
npu Hanaf.aHero Ha crpoll4 HaKa3aHhfl no
oTHOtxeHUe Ha OnhTUTe 3a npoAbnxaBaHe
Ha e3ilqecKure rynroae. Crapnre cBerunuula
ca pa3pyueHu u Ha rRXHo MTCTO Ca nOCTpO-
eH h xp14cTr4fl HcK14 xpaMoBe.
Yrsrpxgaeanero Ha xpucrrrHcrBoro B

HilTe AOCThXeHus Ha OcTaHa'lure xapOAr,r' MHo.o acneKTu n.peAonpeAenn 6tgeqoro

^ AceMaHneBo eBaHrenue - ctapo6bnrapcKr4
pbKonuc, HanncaH Ha rnarorTl4qa. Pbxonrctr ce
clcroil or 1 58 nepraueuroen nucra.
Orqvrrafiru Hcropt4qecKoro pa3Burue
na Eepona Ao ro3t4 MoMeHT, Eopurc rtpcr
HaquH AbpxaBaTa Aa He nonaAHe B penu-
ruo3Ha 3aBncuMocr c npueMaHe Ha xpuc-
Tr4RHcTBoro. Cunepxu+ecreoro c Bllgas-
pa:erarr,re ua 6urapuR. Enaropapexrae ua
nero 6unrapcxara HapogHocr ycnrBa Aa ce
cbxpaHr4 npe3 BeKoBere u Ea 3ana3M cBofra
ufleHTilqHocl Aopm roraro 6uttrapcKara fl-bP
xaBa e 3anilqeHa or Kaprara na Eepona,

il
XopaTa) orrepTaru rrbrfl 3a
3raTHoTo BpeMe Ha ilstrapcKaTa
AyxoBHocT rt Abp?KaBHocT
KHss Eopzc HacneArBa or cBoI4Te npeArrrecrBeHrrrlpr cr4rrHa AbpxaBa, Ko.rrro ycrrflBa [a rrcBarkr Ha
IlexqyHapoAHara IIoJIIrrrIqecKa crleHa rr Aa rrocraBn Aocrofino pe4orr,r Ao ocraHaJrrrre xpkrcrkrfl:rreKu
.tbpxaBl,I. Brnrapcrcll.ar BnaAeren npaBrr perxaBarrl u:6op sa 6r4erqero Ha crpauara cv, orpeAerrsirxu
uefiuara cra6a. Heronara vttrctrfl ee kapa3flBa B orcroflBaHe Ha ro3rr u:6op, r<ofiro cnoco6crea
Surapux ra ce npeBbpHe BbB Bl4coKopa3Brrra eepoueficKa Abpxaea. Karo BceKr4 BeJrrrK BJraAereJr,
nofiro B3eMa cr46ouocHo perueHvIe, Lr rofi urlra cBorrre rrporprBHr4ru{ r{ cbro3Hr4rlz, Ho cbyMf,Ba ra
3aIrrI{TI4 14 orcrotBa AeJIoro Ha cBor )KrrBor, rrpeAolpeAerqiaxu crr1ara Ha rlf,n eAr{H HapoA.

Cunur, xoftro ncKa Ra norbnqe Aefioro Ha ceon 6aqa

Bnagumup-Pacare (ox. 850-893)
Bnagr,rnnp-Pacare e nbpBopoAeH cuH Ha KHfl3 6opnc or cbnpyrara my Mapur. Bunperr qe He ce 3Hae roqHara
Aara Ha HeroBoro poxAeHue,
ce npeAnonara, qe e poAeH orono 850 r., r. e. npegn noKpbcrBaHero, m 3aroBa Hocu npa6rnrapcKoro uue Pacare (Xpucare). Karo npecrono-
HacneAHuKrotl ornaeRsa noxoAa cpeqy Cpu6cKoro xynaHcrBo npe3 870 r., Ho nonaAa B nneH 3aeAHo c oqe 12 BenvKu6onapu.Or "cxpu6 no
cnHa cn" boprac e npuHyAeH Aa 3anoqHe MilpHh nperoBopr4 cbc crp6ure. B pe:yrrar Ha B3auMHr4 noAapbrln or
ABere crpaHu ce cKr|gqBa Milp
u Bna4uurrrp e ocso6ogen.
Ilper 889 r', cneA ocbqecrBflBaHe Ha BenuKara cv MtActlF n cneg 6nuro 36-rognuno ynpaBneHue, xHns Eopnc ce orrerrfl or npecrona v orvBa
e uaracrupa "Ce. flaHrenefiNaoH'i 3a ceofi npueuunr rotl nocoqBa r4MeHHo Bna4urvuap. Marap ve ca rBbpge ocKbAH14,
AaHHr4re 3a Bna4nunpoeoro
ynpaBneHre ro npeAcraBflT Karo pa3nycHar BflaAeren, xofiro npexapBa AHilTe cu B tynFu n pa3BneqeHufl. YcraHoeeHfiTe recHu
Bpb3Kl4 c HeMcKt4r
xpan ApHynQ, no qilero BHyueHile Bna4urvrrp cnhpa il3Hoca cil Ha con :a BennrouopaBnff, nocraBgT Ha il3nrraHhe 6nilgo 3O-ro4nulHun uup
c
BhsaHrrR. Cropo craBa ffcHo, qe HoBt4Rr KHr3 BbcraBa cpel4y Bcr4t{Ko oHoea, xoero 6aqa My nocrrra c LleHara Ha rolKoBa rpygHocl4
14 B Koero ce
3aKnPqaBa cMucbrlbr Ha 6aulnHnR My xt4Bor: "3anoqHan c Bcr4r{Kr4 cpeAcrBa
Aa Bb3Bpbqa HoBonoKpbcreHilff Hapo4 KbM e3uqecKil te o6w.aau,'.
IorapnHrcrnRTneronhceq PeruoH, KaKro t4 43-ra 6ecega or"floyvurenuoro eBaHrerue"Ha enhcKon KoHcrauruH llpecnaecxn, HaMeKBarAaxe 3a
roHeH[fl nporl4B B14AHI4 AyxoBHuqr. HenanpagHo KoHcraurru [lpecnaecru npil3oBaBa xuM "rubxecreo" nocnegoaarerure na Xpucra. lloneRear
ce nbpBllre MbqeHullt4 Ha Bflpara. Bna4rauup He ce norone6aBa Aa nocerHe n Ha xpilcl4flHcKilTe qbpKBl4 apxeono3ure rBbpAflT, qe lonRuara
-
6atanvxa e llnucra e nopyreHa no 3anoBeA Ha xaHa. Paa6upa ce, Bnapnurr,rp He geficraa 6er nouoqra Ha qacr or 6ounure. Torl e no4xpeneH or
oHe3u apucTOKpaTil, Kot4TO caMo npuBI4AHO ce noAqflHflBaT Ha CTapilR KHF3 il 3ana3BaT u3llfltlo BflpaTa Cil B e3ilqecKrTe 6oroee.
Toea npenuea qauara Ha rbpneHile Ha Soprac, rofiro cne4n BHilMarerHo pa3Buruero Ha cr6uruRra. "BtgnnaueueH or cilneH
rHflB, cBar['
MoHauecKara Apexa, npenacarl BoeHeH nonc, o6nRxtn qapcKr4 Apexil il Karo B3er cuc ce6e cvre3v, Kol4ro ce 6oenra or 6ora,
onbrqrr ce cpeuly
cnaa cv!' EguH crapo6tnrapcKl4 pa3Ka3 HacronBa, qe aKTilBHo yqacrne e 6yHra B3eMa r CuueoH, "rofiro no 6naroeoneHue 6oxre u Muxavnoeo,'
(r. e. Ha 6opr,rc) BbcraBa npol4B orcrbnHilKa.
6opnc"6e: BcrKaKBo 3arpyAHeHile ro 3aroBun, v3BaAVnMy oqilTe ta ro nparill e:areopa'i 3a ocnenseaHero Ha Bna4nurap cto611laear e4nn-
crBeHo 3anaAHfiTe xpoHt4crl4, AoKaro 6unrapcrure AoKyMeHTu (no onpae4aH u npuunau) cb3HarenHo npeM'bflqaBar rpo3Hara nocrbnKa ua"nair-
xpucrt1nHcKnfl" rxsE Ha 6tnrapure. flpuvunara 3a roBa uoxe 6u ce o6RcHsea c onura rqa ce npilKpl4e u sa6paeu cpaMHufr onilT xpt4crr4gHcKara
penvrvfl 4a 6tge noAMeHeHa c e3t,tqecKa. Aeropur Ha Kupunoeoro xnrhe, apxuenilcKonbrTeo$nnarr Oxpu4crr,r (Xl e.), cnoMeHaBa caMo, qe
"Bnagnlaup ce nounHan".
Xpourcrure ca eAilHoAyurHr4, qe KaH Bnaguvtup"qareq orcrbnBan Ha 6aqa cil no peBHocr u no AeflTenHocl Bbpuefl rpa6exu, npeKapBan
BpeMero ct,l B nilflHcrBo, nnpuecrBa u pa:epar". lrpreara ce nocrapaBa Aa or4aAe Ha nbnHa sa6paea cnoMeHa 3a Braflerenfl, rofiro 4ptrea 4a
np[3oBe 3a HoB xr4Bor Tanrpa - 6orur ua npa6unrapnre.
 ---------l BnffffHxe

-------{ Cro:rux
Ha!i-BtrAHff fl T B/3aHrilicKr ilHTeneKTyaneLl
no oHoBa BpeMe, peBHocTeH 3aulrTHtrK Ha Onorerr
npaBocnaaHaTa xpxcTvFHcKa penff rrF,
il36paH 3a narptrapx. OcTaBa 3HaqxTenHo *.""*-- *$ ,lHreneKlyaneH Kpbr
nilcMeHo HacneAcrBo. rlMa ronsMa 3acnyra
3a xptrcTtrsHx3aqqFTa no 6bnrapcKilTe
--d
E3{qHilK - xpucrutHhH
3eMtr. npe3 879 r cBtrKBa qbpKoBeH cb6op
a KoHcraHTrHonon tr o6flBffBa 6bnaapcKara ---------l YgaxeHre
qbpKBa 3a aBToKesanHa (caMocfof renHa).

lil".rr;CEAAI

@-*"

Hai-MnaAuflT y!eHuK Ha cBertrTe 6pars Kupun

tr MeroA{i. flpflcr/.a B BbnrapxF npe3 886 i
il cbulara roaqHa ocHoBaBa flpecnaBcKara uKo-
na. npe3 893 r, e npeMecreH B OxprA u ouaBflBa
OxpxAcKara uKona.3aeAHo c Kn4MeHr pa6oru
3a yTBbpxAaBaHeTo tr yKpenBaHeTo Ha xptrcTtr-
flHCTBOTO X pa3B4TueTO Ha KynTypaTa h
06pa3oBaHuero B 6bnrapff r. Koiro
Kpan Ha tr3rocHure opaHKr,
eogr 6urrr c 6tnraprre.

^ flnqsocrure B crBhre Kapera ca npeAcraBeHtr B Ta3il rnaBa.

llrrpnoyqnrennre, KoHTo AaBar nncMeHocr tl

Kynrypa Ha qnnara cflaBRHcKa oouluocr
t&. HlFHil\t

Ceernre 6parn Kwpnn (827-869) ra MeroAnfi (815-885)

bparnra Kupun w Merograrl ca poAeHn e ConyH, Bntatrna, e ceMeficrgoro Ha BoeHHilfl ynpaBrrefi Ha ConyHcrara
flte u cbnpyrara my Mapun.
retiita
Meroguri e no-roneMilRr 6pa1 po4eH npee 81 5 r., a Kvpvn, qilero cBercKo uue e KoucraHrilH, e po4eH npez 827 r.
Eaqara yMfipa paHo w6patara ca noBepeHil Ha cBofl qilqo Teoxl4ct rofiro saeMa BucoKa AnbxHocr B uMnepuffTa.
Ha 1 6-rogvrlrHa Bb3pacr KoncranruH-Krprn 3anoqBa Aa ce o6yuaea B npoqyrara MarHaypcra uJKofia, KbAero HeroBvl
npeno4aBarenil ca fbe Mareuarnx ra 6rger4ranr narpraapx Oorrarl.
Ilper 855 r.Kvtpwn HanycKa Koncrauruuonon u 3aMrHaBa npn 6par cm Merogura s maHacvpa "Cseru floruxpoH'f
pa3nonoxeH Ha nraHilHara OnilMn e Mana Asnn. Harl-eeponrHo, pa6oreraxu B MaHacrrpa no yKa3aHfie Ha uMnepa-
ropcKr4n ABop, 3a HflKorKo rogrHr4 ABaMara 6parn cu:4aear rnarolr4qara - nbpBara ctaBffHcKa a:6yxa. Ta cugrpxa
38 nucmeHu 3HaKa, Kol4To ce u3nor3Bar r 3a nvrcaHe Ha qilcra. llpea 862 r. BbB Bvr3aHTiltitcxara cronnqa npilcrilrar
npareHulg4 Ha BennKoMopaBcKr4fl KHR3 Pocrilcnae c Mon6a ga uy ce urnparffT nponoBe4Htlqil Ha Xpucroeoro yueHue.
C roea eenilroMopaBcKr4flT Bna4erefl npecnerqBa ABe qenfi: neqelrvr nonrTuqecKu cblo3Hr4K B nilqero sa Bm:aHrrr n
orpaHurraBa HeMcKoro AyxoBHo BJI4RHHe. llper eceHra Ha 863 r. xHRs PocrilcnaB nocpeula rbpxecrBeHo KoucrasruH
u Mero4rrl 3aeAHo c rexHflTe yqeHnll4 t tAM ocvryp+Ba ornvrrlHr4 ycJloBr4ff ra pa6ora. Tau gaauara 6parn curgaear
nbpBara KH[xoBHa Lurona. Cneg ycneuHara cn MtActAfl are BenuxorvlopaBnfl npe3 867 r. Aearuara 6parn nprrrcrvrrar e Puu,3a Aa ce npeAcraBflr Ha HoBr4fi
nana AgpnaH X (867-872) il Aa nonyqar 6narocnoerR 3a AerlHocrra cr B HeroBilff Ar4oqe3 (Benrrorvropaern). flanara rvr nocpeula paAyurHo t4 ocBeu{aBa
cnaBflHcKure ruurr,,{rnrnre npexogyt r HanpetHarara pa6ora ce orpa3nBar 3fle Bbpxy KpexKoro 3ApaBe Ha KoHcranrun, xoiro e KpaR Ha 868 r. rexxo ce
pa:6onnea. flpe4ra cvruprra cil npileMa crpora MoHauecKa cxilMa n !4Mero, c Koero ocraBa B naMerra Ha noKoreH[FTa - Krapran. Ceerra Koncranruu-Knpun
Oranoco$ yrvuapa na 14 $eepyapr,r 869 r. f1o HapexgaHe Ha nana A4pr,raH ll e norpe6aH c Bcl4trKt4 noqecTLr e qr:pxeara "CaH KreMeHre" e PilM.
llana A4pnaH ll r:npaqa Mero4urir Karo enilcKon Ha cfiaBnHnre npil KHF3 Koqen s llaHoHuR. llper 870 r. e il3npaBeH Ha cb4 B Perenc6ypr il oc-bAeH c
o6erHenuero, ue nponoBngBa ,AcnyKu B"gD(4"Ar4oqea. Crgrr ro ocrx4a Ha 3aror{eHie e manacrnpa"EeaHreH"(lepmanran), rAero MeroAmf npexuBfBa
ABe rexKil rogr4Ht4. llovru rpn ro,qilHil no-KbcHo, nper 873 r., clc ctgerlcrBtaero Ha nana Tloau Vlll, Merogurl e oceo6ogen il p'bKononoxeH 3a apxrenrc-
ron Ha Mopaeufl cbc ceAarriluJe Benerpag. llpegycer4arlxr Kpafl Ha gunre cr, rotit pbKononara la ceofi 3aMecrHilK eAuH or Hafi-AapoBtltllre cv yqeHilqr
- l-opa4. Manro cneg roea, Ha 6 anpnn 885 r., Mero4rarl yMilpa il e norpe6aH a ct6opHara qbpKBa na Benerpag.
 llanara, xorfrro orroBapn nogpo6xo Ha Bbnpocrfre
xa 6unrapcKun Bnafleren
llana Hnronaft I Bennxn (7-8671
Pnncru nana, vurlro noHruQnxar npoAbnxaBa rr,rexgy 858 ttt 867 r. He ce sHae roqHara My Aara Ha paxAaHe, HilTo or KaKBo
celreticreo npou3nn3a, Ho ce 3Hae, ve e 6rurrx pogHuHa ua flta lV. Begnara cne4 3aeMaHero Ha nancKufl npecron rorTr peu.raea ga
noeege"nolutt/Ka 3a He3aBucuruocr'i xonro lanoqBa Aa ce papBa Ha Bce no-ronrMa nonynnpHocr e Pulit. Heroennr4eeerro4ilueH ;tr
nolrurQuxar ocraBa B tAcropnflTa Karo nepuo4, e xoirro 3a nbpBu nbr nocne4oBarenHo L1 qereHacoqeHo ce Qoprvrynrapa ugeo- %i*;ff
norilfira 3a nancKara reoKpaqun. Cnopeg Huxonafi I nanara pa3nonara c nbflHara Bracr B l-ltpxeara u ce RBFBa HeilH eAilHcrBeH i
rnaea. Bracrra Ha ocraHanilre enilcKonu, KaKTo Ha 7l:ro6 rara n Ha 3anag, e no4lruHeHa Ha nanara, rorTrro nma npaBo Ea cbAr4 gi**t*.=.+
BcrKo AyxoBHo nilqe no cBoe ycMorpeHvre. l1o no4o6eH HaqilH HurronarTr u3pr4irHo noAqepraBa BbpxoBeHcrBoro ,u nuna*uiu S3+F
BnacT HaE BnacTTa Ha cBeTcKr/Te BnaAeTenh.
Harl-parropeqeH cpe4 Bcr4rrKr4 cnopoBe, Kor4To Bo4yr PuiHrtcxurr, nana, e ro3r4 c KoHcrasrnuononcKnfi narpuapx Oolarl. llarpraaprbr npil3HaBa npeu-
MyulecrBoro ua Pnu, Karo roBa c-bBceM He o3HaqaBa, ue roir npraHaea nancKara rpvc1vtKtlltn. Huxonara or cBoF crpaHa peuaBa Aa pa3rnexga il3ToqHoro
lyxoBeHcrBo HapaBHo c noAqnHeHilre cil 3anaAHil enilcKonil.,Qpyra vacr or cnopa npeAcraBnfBa cQepara Ha BnuflHne Ha auEaHrur4cxoro xpncrvrnHcrBo B
burapun il Ha repilTopr4l4Te, HacenffBaHil or ceBepHure cnaBfHcKr4 nleMeHa, KbAero iHTeH3ueHa AefHocI no HacrofBaHe Ha Ooruti, oclqecrBnBar conyH-
crrre 6parn Knpvn u Merograri. t-lper 867 r. ua ct6op e KoHcraHrilHonon nana Hraronari I e aHatemocas.
Pnucxust nana BoAr,{ cepil03Ha KopecnoHAeHqun c 6tnrapcrun runr 6oprzrc I orHocHo pbKononarauero Ha Ooprrloaa llopryencKfi 3a enicKon Ha 6rrrapun.
Bnocre4creue nanara orKa3Ba pbKononaraHero. EtrrapcxnRr Blraperen u3npaula Ha nanara Aocra Ebnbr cnilcbK cbAbpxaq 11 5 atnpoca, 3acnrau.14 xprlc-

BaHVfr tA il3npaqa cBoure orroBopu, r43BecrHr/ raro "Orroeopure Ha nana Hrronarl 4o 6rrrapure" (Responsa Nicolai ad consulta Bulgarorum). Hatr-aaxHilre
Bbnpoch, Kol4To ABaMara pa3ncKBar nocpeAcrBoM Ta3u KopecnoHfleHqnfl, ca cBbp3aHh cbc craryra Ha Etnrapcrara qbpKBa, no-ToqHo la uerirHara aBToHoM-
roct flanara il3Ka3Ba il cBoero MHeHile orHocHo roBa xax rpn6ea ga ce Hapeue 6rnrapcKilnr qbpKoBeH rraBa, Karo 3affBFBa, ve rpn6ea ga 6rAe narpilapx ilnil
noHe apxilenucron. Orroaopnre Ha Hrxorari I ectqnocr ca craparenHo nogrorBeHil er tArafina+ctut4p<oauux AHacracrari 6ra6nr,rorexap.
Ilo epelae Ha KopecnoH4eHqilFTa nana Hrrrronari l yrvuapa. Brnperr,r ycttnvfrra, Kor/To norara, Huro eAHo or HeroBr/4re HaqilHaHfifl He ce yBeHqaBa c ycnex.

OcHosono[o)t(Hr{Kbr Ha KHur)r(oBHocrra n Kynrypara s Eanrapt{s

Ceeru Knumenr Oxprngcxn (ox. 840-916)
Ceertl KnuMeHr Oxpra4cxr,t e e4raH or yqeHullrre Ha ceernre 6parn Knpvn wMero4uf, aaroea llpaaocnaauara qbpKBa ro t-.tr.trl Karo eAuH or ceernre CegMoquc-
neHHqH. llpegnonara ce, qe e po4eH e lOro:anagHa MaxegoHrR ororo 840 r. Hata-nepoflTHo B3eMa yqacrne a Xa:apcrara n AlaHcrara M!,tct4ff Ha Knpnnu Mero4url

qecKt4 caH or nanara a Pnu nper 868 r.

Cneg rllHoro npenttrcTBt4n, no4po6Ho onicaHi e xrarrrlHara nireparpa, rpiMa or Mero4ueenre yqeHuqu, KnnmeHI Hayu n AHrenapuri, ce ornpaerr xrivr

rpan. Taxa Oxpug ra leeon craear cpegru{a Ha npocBeTHara 4elaHocr a MaxegoHrn. To3fi r/3KnoqnrerHo aKruBeH neprao4 or 4erTrHocrra Ha nrpeo6urapcxur npoc-

H3HaMepun Knpral'i Hnua cbMHeHue, qe cTaBa AyMa 3a onpoqrnBaHero Ha ilraronuqecKara as6yra, Korro no-KbcHo go6raea nonynrpnoo
Karo "Kl4pilnH[ia'i etnpexn qe ilMa MHeHilR, or4aBaqil pa:euaaHero ra Ha chrHoro augaHvrficro erunHue e llpecnaBcKara KHuxoBHa uKora G
**
e ,raqaroro Ha X e.
3a no-uanro ot cegeM ro4r/Hu Knrarvrenr o6yvaea 6nuro 3 5@ yqeHuLlr4, Karo MHoro or rflx ca pbKonoroxeHn 3a AflKoHr4 u npe3Bnrepil.
llper 893 r. e il3BuKaH or HoBr4fl qap Currleon a flpecraa, Kbgero e pbKononoxeH 3a enncKon Ha Beluqrara enapxuR. Taxa rott craea
nbpBt4flT cflaBffHcKu enilcKon. Krhl,leHr ocHoeasa e Oxpug c noMoqTa Ha qap Crarvreon manacrnpa "Ce. llaHrelerluon" yr oqe eAHa qbpKBa,
Koflro nocfle craBa apxuenilcKoncro ceganuqe. Tara rora nocrponBa ABe or rpr4Te roraBauHH oxpu4cKr4 r.lbpKByt.
Hapeg c ocraHanara cu Aetitnoc; Kruneur He h3ocraBa h c nilcarencKara cu 4eilHocr. Toil e e4nH or sarZ-gHaqnuure aBropu Ha cra-
po6urapcrra e3uK: nuule xun4ff, noxBarHu cnoBa, qbpKoBHr4 xr4MHh, npeBexrqa qbpKoBHyr reKcroBe. B uayrara ce nocoqBar or 15 4o 50
HeroBu cbttnHeuun. He cnyvafiHo xr4ruenhceqbr uy nru:e: "Hue HilKora He ro BilEFXMe 6ea pa6oral'KnrxoBHr/rKbr 3anoqBa Aa qyBcrBa
yMopa, Koraro pa6oru Hag npeBona ua Tpuopa. KrurueHr yMilpa Ha 27 ronv916 r. a Oxpra4. l-lorpe6an e B nprrBopa Ha MaHacrilpcKara
qlprea "Ceerr llaHrenefimoH" (xonro e npeBbpHara orono 1515 r. B AXaMhfl, 14 Bb3craHoBeHa or pyr4Hilre nper 2001-2002 r.). OoaHxure
My ca npeHeceHu B oxpuflcKara qtpxea "Ceera Soropo4raqa l"lepr,r6nenroc'i HapeqeHa cneg roaa "Ceervr KlurueHr'i
Cropo cne4 neroBara cMbpr enucron Kruuenr e KaHoHr43r/paH 3a caereq. SurrapcKara npaBocnaBHa qbpKBa qecrBa naMerra uy Ha 25
HoeMBpt/, a Ha 27 oru, peu Ha ceerure Ce4uoqilcneHilLlil, ce Rb3noMeHaBa ycneHuero My.
CtpaxilKbr tlt onoHeHTbr Ha KHf,e 5opnc, rorlro
TAqN CNABfl HCKATA NNCMEHOCT
KHng Pocrncnae (Heuge. - crteg 870)

KHng Pocrucrae 3acraBa Ha'.{eflo Ha Benuromopaecxara AbpxaBa, npocrupaqa ce Ha ceBepo3anag or Eurrapufl, Ha repilTopl4ilTe Ha AHeuHure AbpxaBu
9exuR, Caoeaxnn u Ceaepna Ynrapun, uex4y 846u870 r.CnepcMbprra xa Morlvrup npes 846 r. ilgro,rHoQpaHrcrunr xpan flrc4oeux HeMcKil AaBa Bb3MoxHocr
Ha Pocrncraa 4a oflaBn Benuxoruopaeur, Karo cr4 uuclu, ve rori qe cu cbrpygHr4qr4 c Hero Karo npe4uecrBeHuKa My.
Oule c etsxa.{aaHero cil Ha npecrora o6ave HoBr4flr BnaAeren ycnrBa rqa orpaHuqu nonnruqecKoro Brr4flHue Ha lzlrovnoQpaHKcKoro KpancrBo u Aa nocrl4r-
He BbrpeuHa KoHconilAaqiln. Yxpeneanero Ha ra3il cnaBflHcKa AbpxaBa o l-lenrpanna Eepona o6ave He ce noKpuBa c am6uquure Ha Heucxoro KpancrBo yr no
Ta3il npilquHa npea 855 r. Ingoeur Hemcxr araKyBa AbpxaBara, Ho HaquHaHnero My ce oKa3Ba HeycneuHo. Or ceoR crpaua PocruclaB Blu3a B cbro3 c KHR3

Eopttc tl no ro3r/ HaquH ce npeBpbqa B rpan na 5Gre il Havanoro na 60-re ro4nHn Benurouopaecrara AbpxaBa 6enexu 6rpro
rorrMa 3annaxa ra Ingosrax. B
nonurnqecKo pa3Bnrne, Karo cb3AaBa onacHocr ra 6rnrapcxure Bna4eHur no Cpe4en ,[yHae. lulmenno roBa e nph'.r]4Hara 3a npeopueHraqilrra Ha BbHruHara
nonnrilKa Ha xHns 5opnc. Torl ce orMflTa or cKnpqeHuR curog c PocrucnaB u enusa e Hoe c HeMcKoro Kpancrao npes 862 r, flo roea epelle 6tnrapcKr4ffT Mageren
n3pa3flBa HaMepeHuero cn 3a noKpbcrBaHe or 3ana4Hara qbpKBa, ero 3aqo Bpb3Kara uy c SpaHrure ce 3acilnBa ou{e noBeqe.
flpurucHar or ABe crpaHu, xHlr PocnacraB Tbpcr4 noMoqra Ha Bn:aHnaR, KoflTo npueMa cbp3a u 3aMrcnfl Aa y4apu Etnrapun or pr. Trfr raro
lrlro,.tHoQpanxcKoro KpancrBo pa3npocrpaHnBa cBoero Bn4nHue qpe3 repMaHcKr4 cBer4eHilqil, Kor4To nponoBnEBar Ha naruHcKta e3ilK nper 862 r. Pocrrcnae

orAaBHa oqaKBarragu noxaHa. lzl3BbpuJeHa e npe4BapurenHa noAroroBKa no cbcraBFHero Ha craenHcra ar6yra u ca HanpaBeHu npeBogr4 na nari-Heo6xo4umara
6orocnpxe6Ha nureparypa. Tara BraanruR Beqe ilMa roroBHocr Aa npucrbnil rula Ha6enRgaHara cil nporpaMa cnpnMo craBflHure. llpes 863 r. KoHcraHrnH-
Kupunvt Merogri aamranaaar n Bererpag, cronilqara ua BenuxorrlopaBun, Kb4ero ca rbpxecrBeHo nocpeu{Haril or rHRg Pocrucrae.,{aarvrara 6parf BoAfT cbc

Ht4t"ll4 cpeA Mopaaqure. B ocHoeara Ha npeBo4r4re Ha Caerure xHuru, rouro Caerure 6parn npaerr era Benr4roMopaeraR, e crapo6rntapcKr4flT KHt4xoBeH e3u6 Ho
ca BrnoqeHu u MopaBu3Mu, cro6pauo
QoHeruqHrre oco6eHocril
c Ha MecrHure 4uarerrn. To3r4 KHr4xoBeH e3uK ce Bb3npueMa il craBa AocrbneH 3a MecrHoro
HaceneHue nopaAu ecrecrBeHara 6nueocr Ha claBflHcKilTe e3ilqu.
llper 864 r. J1to4oefix Hertacxil orHoBo araKyBa Pocrucnas, Karo ro3ur nrr ro no6ex4aea. BenuxouopaBcKl4ffr KHfl3 e npuHygeH Aa npil3Hae BbpxoBeHcrBoro
Ha lzlarovnoQpaHKcKoro KpancrBo.
l-lpes 870 r. rHRs PocrucnaB Br[3a B cepho3Hr4 nporr4BopeqilR cbc cBofl nneMeHHLrK Cnnronor6 Karo nocreAHilflT cKnoqBa cuna c Kapnoual baaapcxn
(cuH Ha JltoAoeilr). Heucrunr Bfa.qeren o6eqasa Ha Cenronon6 qe qe 3aMeHu Pocricraa B ynpaBneHuero ra Benuxorvropaeran. B peaynrar Ha roaa fngoeux
ocnenflBa Pocrucnas u ro 3arBapf e 6aeapcrra ruaHacrup. ManKo cneg ToBa BenuKoMopaBcKufr KHR3 yMupa.

E]
I4gMepeHrr nra Ha ilstrapcKaTa
xpucTr,rfl HcKa AbplKaB a
Bpeuero, B Koero y[paBn-flBa KHf3 Eopzc I, 6erexn orpoMHr4 rrpoMeHrr 3a HeroBr4-s HapoA. Brnrapcrara
.lbpxaBa npu4o6una cibBceM Hoe o6rrax cneA Kpar Ha re3r4 npoMeHH 14 HaBIrrr3a B HoB eran or cBoero
pa3BI4TZe. 3a He-{ Beqe HrMa o6paren nBT Ha3aA, ero 3arrlo rr ropAo rroeMa rro nBTfl Ha cBoero rroJrrr-
ruqecKo cra6uttusktpaHe rr KynrypeH rrpocnepurer. Knsgbr rroKpbcrr4reJr, Fopuc I, ycu.aea Aa pa3peruu
cJoxHI4Te noJIr{TI{qecKr{ BbnpocvIIa cBoero BpeMe 14 Aa orBopr4 rur4poKo rropTrrTe KbM pa3Br4Tr4ero
ua Ernraput npeA cBolrre HacneAHrrqu. Kar<eo BlrrrflHve ocraBr r<ux: Boprac Bbpxy c'sg6ara Ha cBo-rrra
lbpxaBa rr Bbpxy xoAa Ha neilr.raraucropux?

flpeAnocraBKrrre :a QopuupaHero Ha
"3.tarHuq eer"
lJAcflEAHI/Kbr HA KHff3 boprlc t, qap Cuiveou Benant,
I yveno rana3Ba il pa3ByrBa HacneAcrBoro, ocraBeHo
I 6nt aar a cra po6rrn ra pcKa Kyfl rypa il3[ rpa Ba peuleH u-
\1y or HeroBufl 6aup, nr sogr 6rnrapcKara AbpxaBa Ao
r rap. "3nareH ee( no BpeMero Ha xofiro crapo6u-
rapcKaTa KHrxHilHa AocTura Ao cBof Bpbx B pa3BytTl4-
ero clr. Karo qnno CrmeouoBara enoxa ce xapaKTepil-
3r1pa c ronFM pa3Max B pa3B?lTileTo Ha MaTepnanHaTa
fi 4yxoBHara Kynrypa. Bcrqru crbnKu, Kot4To HoBytFr
uap npeAnp[eMa il yBeHqaBa c ycne& ca pe3ynrar
or 3ApaBaTa ocHoBa, KofTo HeToBytFT npeAuecTBe-
- (apra, r:o6pa:FBatr1a repuropuanHoro pa3nonoxeHile
:::iaprn no BpeMero Ha qap Cltilteox.
,:,,r3.
BdqJ r bvh! fr3q3
HyrK My ocraBn. Baxua ponn 3a pa3Burilero Ha caMo-
ero na llpecnaecrrn cu6op, cnopeA xoero crapo6un-
rapcKrnT e3rK ce Haflara B 6orocnyxeunero, B cBer-
cKara n q-bpKoBHara aAMuHrcrpallilR. KHilxoeHure
cpeAuula e llpecnae n Oxplt4 3a KparKo epeme o6y-
qaBar uilpoK Kp'br xopa, Kor4To 3anoqBaT Aa BnaAeflT
po4Hr4ff e3ilK He caMo roBopt4Mo, Hor n[cMeHo. B 6u-
rapcKure KynrypHyt cperqn ce Harara KHurara KaTo HoB
KynrypeH Qenorrnen il He3aMeHilMo noMol]lHo cpeA-
crBo 3a ilHTeneKTyarHoro r43pacrBaHe Ha 6rnrapure
Ha il noeMaHero no nbrfl Ha no3HaHuero. Ilrreparypara
Ha "3narurR eer" 4onpnHacn 3a oKoHqareflHoro 3ar-
BbpxAaBaHe Ha crapo6urapcKun erux. Crc crrga-
AeHure KHylxoBHr4 reop6u ce ropAee Beqe eAHa HoBa
npocnofixa or o6qecreoro, Korro He ce qncril 3aAbn-
xnrenHo KbM apilcroKpaLlunTa, a ilMeHHo * 6tnrap-
cKara uHTenilreHqilfl. HefiHmre ilHTepecil B KHnxoB-
HOrO rBopqecrBo Aaneq HaAXBbpnflT rpaHilqilTe Ha
^ "3a 6yxeme" ot 9epnopn:eq
6orocnyxe6nara nilreparypa. Cneg orpaHilqaBaHero
Xpa6rp.
Ha eilgaHrilrZcKoro norilTylrlecKo il KynrypHo BnuflHile
6tnrapcxnre rBopqu He ce orKa3Bar Aa qepnnr ilAen Lt
3HaHilF or 6orarara eilsaHrilicxa Kynrypa. lzlurepectr
KbM Hefl Ce 3ana3Ba, HO nOCTeneHHO nprrr4o6raea onpe-
AeneHa HacoqeHocr n u:6uparenHocr. llpoRenea ce
3HaqilTereH uHrepec xuvr ugefiHoro 6orarcreo Ha
AHlavnocrra, a AocronHre na 6rnrapcxoro o6r.qecreo
cTaBaT npon3BeAeHnflTa Ha peAuqa aHTylqHr4 MtAcnu-
Teril, noeru tA tAcroptAtlll no4 $opuara Ha npeBoAHa
flureparypa. B ro:u cMl4cbn t4HTepecbr KbM aHTur{-
Hara Kyflrypa, xapaKrepeH ra Eeponerlcrilfl peHecaHc,
Ernrapun pa3BuBa 3Har{NTenHo no-paHo - xpan ua lX e.
llo rosu HaqilH Moxe Aa ce Kaxe, ue 6urapcxara ryn-
rypa npe3 lX-X e. ua4xeupnfl paMKure Ha eAHo orpaHr-
qeHo BpeMe w npntgo6uea ur4poKo eeponerlcxo :Ha-
veHre. Srnrapun ce npeBpbula B pa3npocrpaHnren
Ha 6orara u pa:noo6pasHa KHnxHilHa cpeA ocraHa-
nilTe cnaBffHcKil HapoAr4 r B eAHa or nbpBrre AbpxaBr,

I +,o- "ta-^.
'or" on"{o,B
."u Korro rBopFT Ha co6crgeH e3uK tr orxB'bpnflT AorMara,
. -, lpaHiuaNa 5spB B{pa, Hrynp@iHxeroHa@DCTMeDH
tu !ilan bildtr ilrhe end or lsashrods i! e
ue 6oroe4rxuoBeHil ca caMo oHe3lr npoil3BegeHilF,
B0eNilleici6reHaEL@ptrri&qapCxMeoHlil bryDampaqN0rB!qaiaa

coeuy 8martur / mNnq !p BEail!m

-- coeqy Cbotu | X!@ilx i movno !! lhe Serbs add ile cmds
-- Mryaomr movhq uD lhe Maola6
-.peqy
noxolx x soeHMAeidMr s. r Miilarycempaisns ol:
BrsaHim 1 SFailum

-
nvcaHw Ha TpilTe cBeuleHil e3ilKa - rp-bqKr4/ narvHcKtA
il eBpeficKr/.
6oprcoemnr HacJreAHilK 4ocrofiHo npoAtnxaBa
Aenoro Ha cBoff 6aqa ra AoBexAa Sunrapun ocBeH Ao
oKoHqarelHoro fi nonnrnqecro cta6nnuzupaue il npeB-
pbulaHero rl xaxro B ceprio3eH Saxrop B MexEyHa-
poAHo oTHoueHne, raKa v Ao rAcrvtHcKtA pa3qBel npo-
flBflBaul ce B pe4ilqa c$epra: rpenocrHr/ cbop-bxeHnfl
r rpagoycrpoircrBo, qbpKoBHo il MaHacrilpcKo crpou-
Tefl crBo, gauaRr,lvrrlcro npoil3BoAcrBo, xyAoxecrBeHo
rBopqecTBo, l43pa3eHo cKynnrypa, xyAo-
B AeKopaTilBHa
xecrBeHa KepaMuKa, rpaQrarHra ptAcytKll, KaKTo n pa3-
qBer Ha 6rnrapcrara Kynrypa u rHnxHmHa. Hafi-qeuuara
crpaHa Ha crapo6tnrapcKara KHuxHr4Ha e, qe rF c-bn-br-
crea 6urapcxoro o6qecreo, Kpaqeulo yBepeHo no n-brn
Ha npocBeTaTa il KynrypaTa, pbKoBoAeHo oT AanHoBt4-
AeH BnaAeren, a cneA ToBa or HeroBfiF AocroeH npil-
eMHilK npoflBnBaul ilHTepec KaKTo KbM 6orocnoecrilre
Bbnpocr4, TaKa il KbM cBercKilTe 3HaHrfl. Taxa 6rrnrap-
CKaTa AbpXaBa cTaBa qeHTrrp Ha cnaBFHCKaTa nilCMe-
HOCr 1/ Kynrypa il nbpBo orHilule, oTKbAeTo craBflHcKaTa
KHura ce pa3npocrpaHfleae6ntAzrtA il EaneqHil crpaHil.
LlilanHo-nonilT/rqecKoro nonoxeHile B bbnrapilfl KbM
cpe4ara Ha X 8., cb3AaBau..lo ycnoBnfl 3a pa3Bilrue Ha
AyxoBHr4 TeqeHilfl, Kor4ro ca B pa3pe3 c oQuquanHnre
AorMil Ha L{r,pxaara. lpyr Qaxrop, noAnoMarau] pa3-
npocrpaHeHilero Ha noAo6Hil TeqeHilF, ce FBflBa il
Kpil3ara cpeA 6-bnrapcKoro AyxoBeHcrBo. B crpaHara
cbrl]o TaKa npoHr4KBaT Beqe cbulecTByBaulil epeTilLrHr4
yqeHilF raro uaHuxeftcrBoro or c-bcegHa Bvlaanva.
Toea gyanncruqHo BFpBaHe ce cqilra :a o6aupaaHo r
c Apyra epec, Konro ce pa3npocrpaHnBa B-bB Buzantua
- NABNilKFHCTBOTO.
Epecrare 3anoqBar Aa ce pa3npocrpaHflBar no 6tn-
rapcKilTe 3eMil 3aeAHo c nprieMaHeTo Ha xpLrcTI/FH-
crBoro. Cauoro noKp-bcrBaHe B cBoFTa MacoBocr
cb3AaBa 6naronpwatun ycnoBnn 3a HaBnil3aHero Ha
HeKaHoHr/ttHr/ yqeHilfl il eperilqHil cxaarqaHrin. Bre
B-bnpocilTe KbM nana Hnxonan I Eopuc ce ilHrepecyBa
il or pa3rilrrHr4Te epecil il or roBa KaK Aa Bb3npe no-
AB,ArtAre ce Ha repilTopt4nTa Ha Eurapnn pa3nilqHtl
nponoBeAHilr_ltA, Kovfio no.qBexAaT HeyKpenHannF B'bB
enpara 6urapcKr4 Hapo4.
boroMilncreoro, 3a pa3nilKa or naBnilKnHcrBoro 14
Ana H ilxefi creoro, noAAbpxa cxBaulaHero 3a n'bpBoHa-
qarHoro rocno4crBo na go6poro e o6pa:a Ha 5o; ^ Crveosoe c6opHrx or X a.
Ha

noAeM, KofrTo rropaxAa Koero Bnocne4crBile ce npor4BonocraeR anoro. B oc-

[yxonuunr
epec[ r{ 3arrJraxa 3a xprrcTrrflHcTBoTo
B EI','IIapUfl
flp<oeumnr nopeM B E-unrapun B Kpaff Ha lX r npea X e.
F HapexAa cpe4 narZ-pa:ettrtAre B KynrypeH nraH eB-
ponericxlr ArrpxaBil no roBa epervre. ParnpocrpaHFBa-
HeTO Ha XpilCTT4FHCTBOTO kl pa3nhL|HOTO My T'bnKyBaHe
HOBaTa Cfi per'firilo3HoTo TeqeHile nponoBflABa nocl
Bb3A-bpXaHile/ KpoTOCr 14 cMl4peHile, HO Cbll-lo raKa ilMa - 3rarnara qlpKBa B flpecnaB
(lX-X e.). Tg e Bpbx B paHHoro xpaMoBo
u aurrSeo4anHa HacoqeHocr. Coquannara Hecn paBeA-
cTporTencTBo Ha rpaAa, AocTilrHana c
nueocr o6r4ecrBoro npe: X a. cr:4aea 6naronpnnrHa
e
no-xrcHrre go6aexu or X e. quxrHa
cpeAa 3a pa3npocrpaHeHile Ha epecra. or 43 M. BbrpeuHocrra Ha ocHoBHara
OQraqraannara Bnacr 3anoLrBa MacoBrl roHeHilfl cpe- Kpbraa qacr e o6pa:ysara or oceu
u{y npilBbpxeHilLl/Te Ha 6orouuncrBoro, Ho BbnpeKfi eAHaKBil HrUil il eAHa no-fonflMa

cpe4 o6rarnoaeHure xopa v AWoBHtAt1l'Are BoArr Ao no-
FBara Ha epecr. HecrvrHeHo Hafi-ilaeecrHoro coqman-
Ho-penilrro3Ho yqeHvre, Koero Bb3Hr4Kea e brrnrapuR
npil ynpaBneHuero Ha qap l1enp, e 6orouuncreoro.
floqeara il pa3npocrpaHeHilero My ca pe3ynrar or co-
roBa ro npoAbnxaBa Aa ce pa3npocrpaHflBa cpeE xo-
para M ce npeBpbqa B 3annaxa 3a Bnacrra. Toea npn-
Hyx[aBa qap llerup Aopil Aa ce o6bpHe K-bM qapilr-
paAcKrlfl narprrra px TeoQilna KT cbc 3anilrBaHe
npe6opra c ra3il epec.
Ha ff3TOK, npeACTaBnflBaUla OnTapa.
Cpeuly rnx o6uxanF oKpbxHocr or 1 2
MpaMopHil KonoHil, KofrTo noAAbpxaT
MacrBHrfl xynor. HapeueHa e "3rarsa
Ka K Aa ce 3apaAil noKpilTilTe cbc 3flaTo cTeHo
nvcu v vozailxu.

r+F
 Yupe4neaHe Ha Fr,rrapcxara
eK3apxuq
Xpucrunncreoro noMara Ha 6rnrapcrnn HapoA Aa ce
cbxpaHil B eAuH or natir-rpy4nure ilcropylqecKyt MoMeHT!4
- nepuoAbr Ha rypcKoro po6crso. l,4ueHno c 6op6ara aa
He3aBilcuMa brrrapcxa q-bpKBa ce cnara navano Ha 6op-
6ara lr sa nonurilqecKa He3aBricr4Mocr.
C napanero na 6rnrapcrara AbpxaBa ca yHll{oxeHil rl
setlnnre q'bpKoBHu tAHcrvryUuvt. llper eexoaere na po6-
craoro 6rrnrapure ca nprao6qeHu KbM rpbqKara qbpKoBHa
opranlraaqun. TaKa nocreneHHo re ranovear4a 6b4ar orbx-
necTBrBaHil c rpbqKaTa HapoAHocT oT ocMaHuuTe, Kol4To
npecraBar Aa ru cqr/rar 3a or4eneH napog. CrqeepeMeHHo
no orHoueHile Ha nopo6enoro HacereHue ce npoBexga
aKThBHa acuMilnaquoHHa nonilTilKa. lzllrenno xprlcl4nH-
cTBOTO nOMafa Ha XOpaTa Aa 3ana3FT cBoeTo caMocb3HaHile
r Aa cbxpaHnT HapoAHocrHara cil npi4HaAnexnocr. Taxa
Llpe3 cBofra enpa o6rxnoeennre 6tnrapu ycnrBar
Aa ce
ir poTil BonocTaBflT Ha 3aBOeBaTenilTe. r ) lO6unerlslr MapKil no cnycafi
Xplrcrunncreoro e u B ocHoBara Ha 6rrnrapcxoro e'ur- 1 0O0-roAu[HilHara or cMbprra Ha
oaxAaHe or XVll e., sa qnriro ocHoBonoroxHuK ce cqilra KHfl3 6opilc I Milxarn.

laucnv' Xrnengapcxr,r cbc cBoflTa il3nbnHeHa c naroc

'/oopv'a clasnno6tnrapcxan". Cattunt navtcnil onpeAenfl
<aro reo6xoguMa npeAnocraBKa 3a il3BooBaHero Ha noru-
;i/qecKa He3aBilcytMocT Bb3cTaHoBfl BaHeTO Ha He3aBnCU-
'.'ara Eurapcxa qrprea. C nerinoro npn3HaBaHe or crpaHa
ra ocMaHqilTe 6rrnrapure ule ce npu3HaflT 3a or4enHa
iapOAHoCT l4 qe cnpe npil'll4clflBaHeTo ilM KbM rpbqKaTa.
6op6ara 3a He3aBncuMa ljrpxea nonyqaBa HoBo pa3-
3,.1rfie BcnepcrBne Ha npocBerilTercKara gefiuocr na
CoSponrair Bpavancrr. flocreneHHo cpeg 6rlrapr,rre ce
3a3npocTpaHflBaT HaCTpOeHilfl 3a OTXB-bpIflHe Ha 3aBil-
ai,lMocTTa oT rpbqKaTa A)D(oBHa BraCT il Cb3AaBaHeTO Ha
cc6craera Llrpxsa. B npogtnxexne Ha HflKoflKo Aeceru-
rerrF r4cKpaTa Ha HaLU/tOHaflHOTO CaMOCb3HaHile Ce pa3-
iapff cpeA 6urapure or Mntzua, Tpanta v, Maxegourrrr,
Koero BoAyl go Qopnrapar.re na 6rnrapcrara xaqun. Tara
npe: 1 870 r. cynraHbr rae4aea Qeprvran, c Koilro ce Bb3cra-
HoBfiBa yHilu.loxeHara HFKora btnrapcxa qbpKBa n ce cb3-
aaaa Stnrapcxa ercapxilF. B r.reraumn 4r,roqe3 ca BKnrcqeHu
!lCIiaOAilt
r aKTnBHa 4erauocr. Tr urpae ocHoBHa ponff npn nonvrvi-
I
l qecKoro Bb3nilTaHile xa 6tlrapcxun Hapog t,l 3acutBaHe
,,
- Kapra, il3o6pa3flBaqa AbpxaBilTe B
eeponeticxoro e3rKoBo npocrpaHcreo,
non3Baulr 6tnrapo-claenHcKa nilcMeHoct
Bcr4rlKri o6nacril B OcMaHcKara uMneprln c 6tnrapcxo
HaceneHile. C rogu axr oQraqranno ce npil3HaBa cbu.lecr-
ByBaHeTO Ua 6rlrapcxara HaqilR npe3 XIX e. il ce onpe-
erHil'tecrnre ri rpanuqu. C roea ce orBapff nbrfr Ha
AenffT
6tnraprre Aa ilcKar cb34aBaHero Ha co6creeHa He3aBil-
cilMa A'bpxaBa.
ilrpnuar flarpr{apx Ha EbrrrapcKara
rrpaBocJraBHa rlbpKBa
Crpyrrypara Ha He3aBuo4Mara Etnrapcrara qbpKBa
ce onpeAenff c Ycrae Ha Etnrapcxara ercapxufl, npileT Ha
ronflM LlbpKoBen cr6op, cenxaH npe: 1871 r. B nero yvacr-
Bar npe4craBureru Ha enapxyture or CeBepHa 5urapvrn,
fparctn u Maregonun - ABaHa4ecer Ap(oBHl4qil, nerilMa
apxnepeu il TpylAecer il uecrnMa MilpFHLt. Vcraetr onpe-
EenF ABa pbKoBoAHLl opraHa Ha qeHrpanHoTo tl'bpKoBHo
ynpaBneHfie - ceeril chHoA 14 Brpxoeer-r MilpcKl/ ercap-
xilricxr creer. Cserilsr cilHoA ce cbcrou or apxilepeil il
ce npoil3HacF no Bbnpocu/ Kacaeu-lt4 eEilHcTBeHo EyxoB-
Hure Aena. Mnpcrunr cbBer ce c'bcror4 or neruMa
'tne-
HoBe MilpFHr u ce npeAce4arencrea or Eraapxa. Heroeilre
peueHilfl 3acflraT Aena oT cBercKl4 xapaKTep.
Cnope4 ycraBa cborBerHrre opraHil Ha qbpKoBHoro
ynpaBneHile ca il3qrno vz6opnvt. Cnopep Hero cbu.lo raKa
ocBeH qbpKoBHara 4erinocr ce onpegennr oule KynrypHa,
npocBerilTencKa 14 coqilanHa perZuocr.
btrrapcxara eK3apxufl 3anoqBa BeAHara Aa pa3BilBa
Ha narpuorrl3Ma. Cpep qneHoBere Ha peBonloqnoHHilTe
KoMlrrerr uMa il MHoxecrBo AyxoBHuqn, a 6trrapcrure
MaHacryrprl craBar cpeAnu1a Ha Bbopbxenara 6op6a aa
He3aBilCriMOCT.

N.xr a!:rqtr.av. .rcitt itEe2i!: ..ilny

lersr iorrili 6Mnr! .i*

'i u, airxrrr!siirtiDa,r 1..(rl rrlt![ i1 liir]

acr.3|,i f...M ilr ra.FFo.ira;qilr r:6br:1.


^ Ceernre 6pars Ktrphn ra
ca o6aeeHr sa noKpoBnrenh Ha
Eepona or nana fioaH llaeen ll.
h
q f
MeroArrl ,[raoqertr ra Etnrapcxara ercapxyrff e u rpurepnri aa
onpeAenrHe Ha erHrqecKure rpaHmqu Ha Ebnrapilfl or
Benurure cmnu cne4 Anpuncxoro BbcraHrre.,[o flupeara
cBeroBHa eorixa Errapxurra pbKoBoAr4 enapxilr4 Ha repil-
ropuure na Ceeepna u lOxua btnrapun, O4pmucra TpaxuR
n Maxe4onun. Or 1913 r. ce4anuqero na Extapxunra ce
npeMecrBa or l-laprrpag a CoQun. Cne4 eofinara enapxu-
nre e Mare4ouun n Eenouopcxa Tpaxnn ocraBar u3BbH
6unrapcxara ercapxnff.
XpucnrrncrBoro rr cJraBfl HcKara
rrr{cMeHocr KaTo oaKToprr 3a cb3AaBaHe
Ha eArHHa ourapcxara HapoAHocr
Or uomenra Ha cb3AaBaHero cra 6unrapcKara Abp-
xaBa ce Rsnea o6e4uueHile Ha 6rnrapnre, ugBau{n or
v3roK, lA Ha Beqe 3acenhfluTe ce TyK cnaBtHtA, KaKlo tA
Ha HacneAHilquTe Ha TpaKuTe, xilBeequ no Te3n 3eMu
npeAu roBa. B nrpeouauarHoro AbpxaBHo ycrpoftcreo
npeBec rmar 6tnrapure Karo Hocurerm Ha AbpxaB-
HOCrTa, HO C TepUTOpl4anHOrO pa3uilpeHue Ha Abpxa-
Bara u BKflroqBaHero B cbcraBa ir Ha ece no-ronnrvr 6poft
cnaBflHcKr4 nreMeHa ce Hanara npoMflHa il Ha AbpxaB-
HttR MoAen. f1ocrenenro 3anoqBa h npoqec no Qop-
MilpaHe Ha eEilHHa HapoAHocT 14 cMecBaHe Ha ABere
ocHoBHr4 rpynm - npa6bnrapu il craBffH14.
Toru npoqec nonyqaBa AonbnHr4TeneH TnacbK c npne-
MaHero Ha xpucn4flHcrBoro. Ha nupeo mncro HoBara penn-
rnn, KoflTo noBerflBa, qe Bna4ererflT e nocraBeH or 6ora,
noMam Aa ce yrBbpAr4 AbpxaBHocrra, Ea ce 3acunil qeHrpa-
nusau|/l,Ala B AbpxaBaTa 14 Aa ce npeMaxHaT Bb3MoxHocT-
t,tTe 3a eBeHryarHo nreMeHHo pa3AeneHile. Tn cuqo raxa
no4noMara u npoqecure Ha acilMrnaqun, npervraxeaftxu
pa3rur{r4flTa BbB BnpBaHurra tA oduqaure Ha ABara erHoca.
Xprcrrnncreoro Hanara u xoeu o6qu o6pe4u ra aa 6un-
fapn, v 3a cIaBfHl4, c KoeTo ce npeMaxBaT npeAnocraBKure
:
s{tr {4.
if
t ,g
3a KynrypHo il 6ilroeo pa3AeneHue.9pea nero ce Hanarar H
HoBn erilqHr npilHqhnil. Ctqeepeueruo BbBexAaHero Ha
HOBaTa penuruf e cbnpoBoAeHo il c npileMaHero Ha HoBH
raxoHu. TqxHara qen e Aa ocurypfr perynupaHe na o6qecr-
BeHilTe B3aTMOOTHOUeHilf Cnopeg npuHqunuTe Ha xphc-
Tl4rHcrBoro il HacrbnhnilTe npoMeHu e 4rpxaeara. Taxa
xpr4cn4rHcrBoro AaBa ocHoBa 3a QopMilpaHe Ha eAilHHa
6'unrapcxa HapoAHocr.
Toea gontnuurenHo e nognoMorHaro u or npileMaHero 14
pa3npocrpaHeHueTo Ha cnaBflHcKaTa nilcMeHocT B Kpas Ha
lX e. C rosil aKT ce npeMaxBar h nocregHure npeqKu npeg
penr-
Qoprur,rpar.rero Ha eAuHeH HapoA/ t/3noBnABaq eAHa
rvn v u3non3Baq etux. Crt4aeanero Ha nucMeHocr
eArrH
noMafa Ha cIaBRHcKt4fl e3ilK Aa ce Hanoxil KaTo KHt4xo-
eeH. Toir craBa 3aAbnxilTeneH r e ycBoeH or qnnoro Hace
nexre. Ha Hero ce qerar nponoBeAure B qepKBmre, Ha Hero
ce nuuiar KHuru, rofi ce uanongBa il or aAMuHr4ctpaqntil<r.
C nanaraxero ra o614 e3rK no cbqecrBo ce 3aBbpurBar
npoqecbr ua $oprrnnpane u onpeAenffHe ua 6unrapcrara
HapoAHocr B Kpafl Ha IX e. u Haqanoro Ha X a, Tofi ce flBRBa
u npegnocraBKa 3a KynrypHmfl pa3qBer na E'urrapnn npr
HacneAHnKa na 6opuc - qap Cuueon.
Snaro4apeure Ha KHff3 6opuc I Eurrapnn rpbrBa no
nbrfl KtM KynrypHo cra6unuarpare, a orraM m KbM nonr4-
rilqecKil no4en. Beroee cne4 ToBa 6rnrapcxrnr r.rapog
npeMuHaBa npe3 BcffKaKBil n3nura{Aq, Ho ycnfBa Aa
ce cbxpaHu, ganaseaftxu cBoFTa Bnpa, KynrypHa uAeH-
Tl4qHocru nucMeHocr. C npraeuanero Ha xpucl4flHcKara
penvru+ 14 c yrBbpxAaBaHero Ha crapo6bnrapcKut esnr
KHR3br noKpbcrurer - 6oprc l, cb34aBa HoBu crpaHuqh
or 6'unrapcxara ilcropr4fl, onhcBaqu 3arBbpx4aBaHero Ha
AbpxaBara B MexlyHapoAHoro npocrpaHcrBo.
,[uec BrnrapnR gocrofiro 3aeMa cBoero Mflcro Karo
AbpxaBa qneHKa Ha EBponeficKufl cbro3, na3efiKu B
naMerra cu Apyroro cu46onocno npno6ulaBaHe B MrHa-
noro, Hoceulo neqara uMeHHo Ha KHfl3 6opuc L
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