Rural Water Supply Hand-dug well - The hand-dug well is still one of

the cheapest methods for providing a small supply

Water supply is the process of providing water in a
systematic way through installed pumps and pipe lines.
Before water is provided to a specific area, it undergoes a
process called sanitation to ensure that the quality of water
received is safe for human consumption.
The Philippines main sources of water are rivers, lakes,
river basins, and groundwater reservoirs. The longest river,
Cagayan River, discharge approximately 53, 943 million
cubic meter of water annually.
Objective of water supply:
To supply safe and wholesome water to the user.
To supply water in adequate quantity
To make water readily available to the users, in
order to encourage personal and household
hygiene.
of water for villages, but it is relatively expensive
for the individual family.
Drilled well - sually referred to as a bore-hole, has
many advantages in other circumstances. from a
single hole, often making it the only practical
method of supplying urban communities or other
demands involving heavy pumping.
Tube well- perforated or screened pipe which is
jetted (jetted well) or driven (driven well) into a
shallow aquifer. This may be a small-diameter
casing fitted with a hand pump, or a large-diameter
casing fitted with a mechanical pump.

Ground water serves the great majority of people who live in

rural areas
and have a water-supply system of one type or another. The
reason is
1 that, among the various sources of supply, ground water is
by far the most
I practical and safe in nature.

Advantages of ground water:

it is likely to be free of pathogenic bacteria;

generally, it may be used without further
treatment;
in many instances, it can be found in the close
vicinity of rural/ communities;
it is often most practical and economical to obtain
and distribute;
the water-bearing stratum from which it is drawn
usually provides
a natural storage at the point of intake.

Disadvantages

ground water is often high in mineral content;

it usually requires pumping.

In ground-water-supply investigations and design, the

engineer is concerned with the following steps
to find it in the required quantity and quality as
near as possible to the center of consumption, in
order to reduce transport costs.
to extract it by means of a system which produces
the quantity required, safeguards the quality, and,
at the same time, involves the least capital outlay.
to transport the water to the consumer in a way
which requires the least amount of operational
and maintenance skill and cost.
Wells
There are three principal methods of well
construction