1.

Type of language

Chaos Theory.

As human beings, we tend to consider only world close by as real. The

rest of the world does not really seem to be part of us or important
to us. So it becomes almost unreal to us. And we tend not to think
about distant places and faraway events or occurrences. We are
concerned with things that directly affect our lives. Scientists
however, have a theory that shows the error in such thinking. The
theory is called chaos theory. Although the word chaos means
something without order, the basic idea of chaos theory is that
everything in the world affects everything else. Furthermore,
scientists say, it is foolish to think the contrary. For example, look
at the effects of the winds from the great African desert. If the
African land wings (the winds that come off the continent and go out
to the ocean) are hot and dry, they pick up moisture from the ocean,
and the winds gain strength. The energy, or power, of the growing
storm comes from the evaporation of the warm sea water. The humid air
forms a low-pressure area. The low pressure area slowly begins to
revolve in an enormous circle. As it goes around and around, the air
moves faster and picks up more water. Slowly the low-pressure area
(called a cell) moves across the Atlantic Ocean, and it becomes a
dangerous storm. If it gains enough power by accumulating more water
and more speed, it becomes a hurricane with winds of about 200
kilometers p/h. What is important to remember about the chaos theory
is that everything affects everything else. The small things that
affect the Sahara Desert also affect the storms on the Atlantic Ocean.
Each time a tree is cut down for wood, the desert gets a little
hotter, and the next hurricane becomes a little stronger. All over the
world, small actions add up to big reactions, including chain
reactions. As one scientist said A butterfly sits in a flower in
India, and six thousand miles away, a bolt of lightning causes a
forest fire. The two actions are related.

Type of language: Cience of Nature

world affects everything else, African land wings, pick up moisture from the
ocean, evaporation of the warm sea water, low-pressure area, winds of
about 200 kilometers p/h.
2. DISCOURSE MARKERS

The world's most complex machine.

What is the biggest and most complex machine in the world today? The

Clarification of Ideas
question was posed recently by Professor Colin Cherry of Imperial

College, London. He went to argue that the answer was not a computer,

Cause-effect
not extinct Concord, not a North Sea oil platform-it was the global

telephone network. Large continental networks, linked together by

submarine cables and satellite connexions, together form a working

machine of unimaginable size and complexity, Professor Cherry said.

This week James Merriman, Post Office board member for technology,

gave scale to this concept: the global telecommunications system

embraced 350 million telephones in more than 50 countries,

Comparison
representing an investment of about 50.000m. Some 200 million of

these telephones, Mr. Merriman added, can already intercommunicate

directly and automatically without human intervention. A big machine,

indeed, and one whose development was begun 100 years ago this week by

Alexander Graham Bell. Mr. Watson, come here; I want to see you was

the first intelligible sentence conveyed by a telephone, form Bell to

his assistant, on March 10, 1876.

(Kenneth Owen, The Times)

3. PENSAMIENTO LGICO DEDUCTIVO

- Negrita: Ideas Principales.

- Subrayado: Ideas Segundarias

*Music, Music, Everywhere.

As you pull out to a spotlight, you can hear loud music coming from the car next to

you. On a street corner, a group of people are gathered around a flute player

listening to every song he plays. In a supermarket, shoppers sing along with the

music in the background. Music is everywhere. In many ways it is extremely

important in peoples lives. People need music in order to relax. After working

a long, hard day, people come home upset, tense and at war with the world. All

they need to do however is to put on some soothing music, and they cant help but

become calm. Many relaxing activities such as lying on the beach or next to a
swimming pool are made more relaxing with music. People even use music to get

them into that extreme state of relaxation, sleep. In addition to needing music for

relaxation, music is also necessary for enjoyment. People go to discos and bars

every night just to have a good time dancing to their favorite music. Other people

get enjoyment from music in more passive ways, they listen to it at a concert or on

the radio or stereo. Still others find pleasure in producing music by playing musical

instruments. In short, people enjoy music in many ways. The third way in which

music is important in peoples lives is bringing them together. People around

causes or institutions and can identify these causes or institutions by the music that

surrounds them. For example, most people are in some way moved to feelings of

patriotism upon hearing their national anthem. People can even show allegiance to

a certain political or social cause by buying and enjoying a particular recording.

Music brings people together.

*The Euro

On January 300 million Europeans in 12 countries woke up to a new currency: The

Euro. The Euro is not new: its been used in electronic transactions and by banks

and international business since January 1999. Now the following launch of Euro

banknotes and coins, everyone living, doing business or traveling in any of the 12

countries is benefiting from dealing in just one currency. There are seven Euro

banknote denominations, which can be recognized easily by their look and feel: the

larger the banknote, the higher the value. On one side, the banknotes show

windows and gateways, symbolizing a spirit of openness. On the other they

feature bridges, signifying cooperation between the nations of Europe and

the rest of the world. The eight Euro Coins have a common side and a national

side. The common side shows the value of the coin. The National side differs from

country too, but you can use all the coins in each of the Euro area countries. The

launch of Euro banknotes and coins has, however, had a profound impact way

beyond the participating countries. Indeed, for business and individuals alike, 1

January 2002 marked the beginning of a Brand new era as, for the first time in the

history of Europe, 12 national currencies (Austria, Belgium, Finland, France,

Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Portugal and

Spain) made way for just one: The Euro. www.euro.ecb.int

*The world's most complex machine.

What is the biggest and most complex machine in the world today? The question

was posed recently by Professor Colin Cherry of Imperial College, London. He

went to argue that the answer was not a computer, not extinct Concord, not a

North Sea oil platform-it was the global telephone network. Large continental

networks, linked together by submarine cables and satellite connexions, together

form a working machine of unimaginable size and complexity, Professor Cherry

said. This week James Merriman, Post Office board member for technology,

gave scale to this concept: the global telecommunications system embraced

350 million telephones in more than 50 countries, representing an investment

of about 50.000m. Some 200 million of these telephones, Mr. Merriman

added, can already intercommunicate directly and automatically without human

intervention. A big machine, indeed, and one whose development was begun 100

years ago this week by Alexander Graham Bell. Mr. Watson, come here; I want to

see you was the first intelligible sentence conveyed by a telephone, form Bell to

his assistant, on March 10, 1876.(Kenneth Owen, The Times)

4. Referents

Pure and Applied Science.

As students of science you are probably sometimes puzzled by the term
pure and applied science. Are these two totally different
activities, having little or no interconnection, as is often implied?
Let us begin by examining what is done by each.
Pure science is primarily concerned with the development of theories
(or, as they are frequently called, models) establishing relationships
between the phenomena of the universe. When they are sufficiently
validated, these theories (hypotheses, models) become the working laws
or principles of science. In carrying out this work, the pure
scientist usually disregards its application to practical affairs,
confining his attention to explanations of how and why events occur.
Hence, in physics, the equations explaining the behavior of
fundamental particles, or in Biology, the establishment of a cycle of
a particular species of insect living in a polar environment, are said
to be examples of Pure science (basic research), having no apparent
connection (for the moment) with technology, for example, applied
science. Applied science, on the other hand, is directly concerned
with the application of the working laws of pure science to the
practical affairs of life, and to increasing mans control over his
environment, thus leading to the development of new techniques,
processes and machines. Such activities as investigating the strength
and uses of materials, extending the finding of pure mathematics to
improve the sampling procedures used in agriculture or the social
sciences, and developing the potentialities of atomic energy are all
examples of the work of the applied scientist or technologist. It is
evident that many branches of applied science are practical extensions
of purely theoretical or experimental work. Thus the study of
radioactivity began as a piece of pure research, but its results are
 now applied in a great number of different ways-in cancer treatment in
medicine, the development of fertilizers in agriculture, the study of
metal-fatigue in engineering, in methods of establishing ages of
objects in anthropology and geology, etc. Conversely, work in applied
science technology frequently acts as a direct stimulus to the
development of pure science. Such interaction occurs, for example,
when the technologist, in applying a particular concept of pure
science to a practical problem, reveals a gap or limitation in the
theoretical model thus pointing the way for further basic research.
Ewer and Latorre, (1970) A Course in Basic Scientific English, p 20.

Pure and Applied Science.

.-The word IT in line 7 refers to: phenomena of the universe

.-The Word IT in line 18 refers to: the working laws of pure science to the

practical affairs of life

5. RESUME

The world's most complex machine.

Fue una pregunta hecha por el profesor Colin Cherry of Imperial College, London.
Cul es la mquina ms grande y compleja en el mundo actualmente?, El
argumenta que no es la computadora de hoy en da, sino, a la red telefnica. El
sistema global de telecomunicaciones contiene 350 millones de telfonos en ms
de 50 pases que pueden intercomunicarse directamente o de forma automtica
sin intervencin humana, hecho creado por Alexander Graham Bell el 10 de marzo
de 1876.

Music, Music, Everywhere.

La msica est en cualquier lugar en nuestro ciclo de vida, desde que salimos de
casa y en el camino pasa un coche al lado con msica, en los centros comerciales
y supermercados con msica de fondo; Esta es tan necesaria como para entrar en
un estado de relajacin, o para el disfrute, como cuando las personas van a bares
y a discotecas a pasar un buen rato. La gente necesita la msica de muchas
maneras, esta une a la personas.

The Euro

El euro no es nuevo!, es una moneda usada por la unin europea, Desde enero
de 1999, se ha utilizado por bancos, transacciones electrnicas y negocios
internacionales, hoy en da el lanzamiento del billete y monedas euros, benefician
a la negociacin de una sola moneda en 12 pases, en un lado de la moneda euro
muestra las puertas de enlace simbolizando el espritu de franqueza, y por otro
puentes simbolizando la cooperacin entre naciones. El 1 de enero del 2002
marco el comienzo de una nueva era en la historia Europea.

Pure and Applied Science.

Estudiantes de ciencia que son probablemente a veces desconcertados con el

trmino de ciencia pura y Aplicada. La ciencia pura se basa principalmente en
el desarrollo de las teoras, el establecimiento de relaciones entre fenmenos del
universo. La ciencia aplicada, por el contrario, est directamente relacionado con
la aplicacin de las leyes de trabajo de la ciencia pura a la asuntos prcticos de la
vida, y para aumentar el control del hombre sobre su medio ambiente, el trabajo
en aplicar la tecnologa de la ciencia con frecuencia acta como un estmulo
directo a la desarrollo de la ciencia pura.

Chaos Theory.

Como seres humanos tenemos tendencia a considerar el mundo solo de nuestros

intereses reales, el resto del mundo no parece ser parte de nosotros o importante.
Nos preocupamos por las cosas que afectan directamente en nuestras vidas, los
cientficos sin embargo tienen la teora que todo afecta a los dems, en todo el
mundo pequeas acciones se suman a grandes reacciones. Por ejemplo los
efectos del viento del desierto africano son calientes y secos recogiendo humedad
en el ocano, el aire hmedo forma un rea de baja presin donde comienza una
tormenta.
 Repblica Bolivariana de Venezuela
Ministerio del poder popular para la Educacin Universitaria, Ciencia y Tecnologa
Colegio Universitario Francisco de Miranda

Ctedra: Ingles II
Seccin: C04-102

Trabajo de Investigacin 2

Profesor: Estudiantes: C.I:

Alexander Natera Jorge Barreto 16.682.795
Diego Contreras 17.908.917

Caracas, 28 marzo de 2016