LIC & AC Lab Manual CBCS Scheme 15ECL48

Adder, Integrator and Differentiator

Aim: To design Adder, Integrator and Differentiator using Op-Amp.

Components Required:

Sl No Equipment/Component Range Quantity

1 IC 741
2 Resistor
3 Capacitors
4 Regulated Power supply
5 Function Generator
6 Cathode Ray Oscilloscope
7 Multimeter
8 Connecting Wires
1 1
1k, 1.5 K, 10 K, 15 3, 2, 1, 1, 2
K, 100 ,
0.1F, 0.01 F, 0.005 F 1, 1, 1
(0 30V),1A 1
- 1
- 1
- 1
- 1 set

Theory:
Circuit Diagrams:
1. Adder:
Circuit Diagram:

Figure 1: Adder Circuit

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LIC & AC Lab Manual CBCS Scheme 15ECL48

Applying KCL to node A,

------ (1)

From the concept of virtual ground at node A, VA = 0 hence,

Say if R1 = R2 then,

------- (2)

Selecting R1 = R2 = =1k

Tabulation:

Sl No V1 Volts V2 Volts Vo Volts

1 2.5 2.5 -5
2
3

Calculations:
Case1:
Vo = - (V1 + V2)

If V1 = 2.5V and V2 = 2.5V, then

Vo = - (2.5 + 2.5) = - 5V.

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LIC & AC Lab Manual CBCS Scheme 15ECL48

Procedures for Adder:

Circuit is rigged up as shown in Figure 1.

Circuit is energized using 12 V supply.
Two different signals V1, V2 (DC) are applied to the inputs.
For different values of input voltages and corresponding outputs are tabulated.

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LIC & AC Lab Manual CBCS Scheme 15ECL48

2. Integrator:

Figure 2: Integrator Circuit

Design of integrator to integrate at cut-off frequency 1 KHz:

Case 1:

Assume Cf = 0.01 f

Case2:

Assume Cf = 0.01 f

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LIC & AC Lab Manual CBCS Scheme 15ECL48

Select load resistance RL = 10 k

Input and Output Waveform:

Figure 3: Integrator Input and Output Waveform

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LIC & AC Lab Manual CBCS Scheme 15ECL48

Tabulation:
Take Vin = 2 Vp-p

Input Square Wave Output Spikes

Amplitude Vp-p Volts Time Period ms Amplitude Vp-p Volts Time Period ms

Input Sine Wave Output Cosine

Amplitude Vp-p Volts Time Period ms Amplitude Vp-p Volts Time Period ms

Calculations:

Procedures for Integrator Circuit:

For the given frequencies fa and fb, values of Rf, Cf, R1 are calculated as per the design.
Circuit is rigged up as shown in figure 2 and energised.
Sinusoidal/square waves are applied to the input and output is observed.
Amplitude and time period of the output wave form are tabulated.

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LIC & AC Lab Manual CBCS Scheme 15ECL48

3. Differentiator:

Figure 4: Differentiator Circuit

DESIGN PROCEDURE-(DIFFERENTIATOR):-
Design a differentiator to differentiate an input signal with a cutoff frequency of 1KHz. Apply
a sine wave & square wave of 2Vp-p and 1KHz frequency, observe the output.
Case 1:

Assume C1 = 0.1 f

Case2:
To find R1:
Select fb = 20fa = 20 kHz

As C1 = 0.1 f

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LIC & AC Lab Manual CBCS Scheme 15ECL48

To find Cf:

To find Rcomp:

Select load resistance RL = 10 k

Input and Output Waveform:

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Figure 5: Differentiator Input and Output Waveform

Tabulation:

Input Square Wave Output Spikes

Amplitude Vp-p Volts Time Period ms Amplitude Vp-p Volts Time Period ms

Input Sine Wave Output Cosine

Amplitude Vp-p Volts Time Period ms Amplitude Vp-p Volts Time Period ms

Calculations:

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LIC & AC Lab Manual CBCS Scheme 15ECL48

Procedures for Integrator Circuit:

For the given frequencies fa and fb, values of R1, Rf, C1, Cf, are calculated as per the
design.
Circuit is rigged up as shown in figure 4 and energised.
Sinusoidal/square waves are applied to the input and output is observed.
Amplitude and time period of the output wave form are tabulated.

Result:
Adder, Integrator and Differentiator are designed using op-amp IC 741 and their performance is
successfully tested.

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