(I) Geodynamics Introduction

GEODYNAMICS
Introduction
TIM DOSEN : GASAL TA 2016/2017
Ir. Idwan Suhardi, M.Phill., Ph.D.
Twin Hosea Widodo Kristyanto, M.T.
Reza Syahputra, M.Si.
Albert S. Tempessy, M.T.
PROGRAM STUDI S1 GEOLOGI & GEOFISIKA
FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM
UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA
Kampus UI Depok, Depok 16424
INTRODUCTION - OUTLINE
GEODYNAMICS AROUND US
GEODYNAMICS AS SCIENCE AND ITS SCOPE
THEORIES OF GEODYNAMICS
THE EARTHS INTERIOR
GEOPHYSICS METHOD IN GEODYNAMICS
GEODYNAMICS IMPLICATIONS
PROGRAM STUDI SARJANA GEOLOGI DAN GEOFISIKA

2
2016
3
2016
Italy Earthquake (2016)

Sinabung Eruption (2016)
Pangandaran Tsunami (2006)

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2016
Indonesian as Ring of Fire

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2016

6
2016
Aurum finding in Indonesia

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2016
Indonesian Basin Map

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GEODYNAMICS AS A SCIENCE AND ITS SCOPE
Geology as a basic
Study of the
procesesses which Mineralogy
responsible for Earth
forming. Petrology
Processes that
Structural Geology
modify the Earth
Area of Geology: Geomorphology
- Earth s resources
Stratigraphy
- Topography
Paleontology
- Natural hazards and
Environment
- Climate Change
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GEODYNAMICS AS A SCIENCE AND ITS SCOPE
Examining the Earth Movement
Terminology Scopes:
Geo Earth/Land - Earth s interior
Dunamis Move - Earths tectonic units
Explain the dynamics of - Examine their movement
Earths based on - The implication of Earths
Geotectonics concept dynamics
(through Geophysics).
A subfield of geophysics
dealing with dynamics of the
Earth.
Our Home, the rounded unstatic
rigid planet

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Fixist
Vertical movement
Lihtosfere does not go
anywhere.
Up-Down movement.
Mobilist VS
Lateral movement
Lithospeheres position
are updating
Mobile Earths surface

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Contraction Hypothesis (Spencer, 1877)

Based on L W Kelvins thermodynamics (1828).
Earths body assumed as heating machine which releasing energy continually.
Innitially liquid and hot Rigid by cooling due to energy release: Volcanism and
Diastrophism
Cooling and Rigiding Shringking Fault and Folds (Beaomunt, 1829)
Undation Hyp (Still, 1924; Bemmelen, 1933)

Primary Tectonogenesa
Energy release due to vertical differentiastion
Secondary Tectonogenesa.
Gliding Tectonic

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Geosyncline Hyp (Dana, 1813; Hall, 1859; Mitchell & Reading, 1986)
Based on research of
Apalachian Mt.
Related with huge folded
mountain (Orogenesa).
Subsidence due to
sedimentation Long deep
and narrow
depression/basin that move
continually (mobile belt)

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Continental Expansion Hyp

(Huldenberg, 1930)
Earth posses heat due to

radioactive elements
Lithosphere become
cracked separated
into fragments.
Expansion goes
continually Oceanic
Basin.
Cracking process in
Lithosphere due to
expansion.
Magma erupted through
the cracks
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Continental Drift Hyp (Wagener, 1912; du Toit, 1937)
250 Ma Earth is Pangea

(Wegener) and Laurasia
and Gondwana (Toit),
250 Ma continental
cracked.
Proofs:
Same coastal line
Same geological
condition
Paleontology
Paleoclimate

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Wagener Concept (1912)

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Sea Floor Spreading Hyp (Holmes, 1928; Dietz, 1961; Hess, 1962)

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Further Research of Plate Tectonics

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THE EARTHS INTERIOR
Continental Crust:
Ave Density: 2.7 g/cm3
Ave Thickness: 35-40 km
Comp: Felcis (Granite)
Rich of Si, Al, Na, K
Oceanic Crust:
Ave Density: 3 g/cm3
Ave Thickness: 7-10 km
Comp: Mafic
(Basalt/Gabro)
Rich of Si, Mg, Ca, Fe.

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THE EARTHS INTERIOR
Mantle:
Layer thats covering the core
The thickest layers, up to 2.883 km
Density: 5.7 g/cm3 (near core) and 3.3 g/cm3 near crust

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THE EARTHS INTERIOR
Outer Core:
Depth: 2.883-5.140 km
Liquid
Ave Temp: 5.430-5.730C
Inner Core:
Depth: 5.140-6.371 km
Solid
Ave Temp: 5.400 C
Pressure: 330-360 GPa

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THE EARTHS INTERIOR
Spherical Earth Model PREM (Dziwonski and Anderson,

1981). Seismic velocity (Vp and Vs) and density (p)
plotted together to the function of depth

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THE EARTHS INTERIOR

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THE EARTHS INTERIOR

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NB : that velocity is measured from earthquake waves, but density must

be inferred from inversion of the velocity combined with elastic modulii

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Earths Satellite Derived Gravity Field

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Mantle Tomography
Blue = Fast (cold)
Red = Slow (hot)

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Geological Hazards

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Natural Resources
Indonesian Basin Map

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Environmental

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Science and Technology

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HOMEWORK
1. Why were fixists left behind? Mention the hypothesis that supported
fixists and their deficiency.
2. Tell in detail about geocyncline and undasi hypothesis!
3. Why tectonic plates theory well developed since 1960s?
4. What are the importants of seismic waves (eearthquake) related with
earths interior?
5. How are the difference between continental and oceanic crust? How
are their responses toward seimic waves?
6. How are the explaining about ophiolites and metamorphism in oceanic
crust?
7. How are the detail explanation about the mantle and the core?
8. What are you know about deformation in crust and mantle?
9. How can the plates floating upon mantle? Explain about isostasy!

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Thank You
PROGRAM STUDI SARJANA GEOLOGI

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(I) Geodynamics Introduction

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(I) Geodynamics Introduction

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GEODYNAMICS

PROGRAM STUDI SARJANA GEOLOGI DAN GEOFISIKA

Italy Earthquake (2016)

Pangandaran Tsunami (2006)

Indonesian as Ring of Fire

PROGRAM STUDI SARJANA GEOLOGI DAN GEOFISIKA

PROGRAM STUDI SARJANA GEOLOGI DAN GEOFISIKA

Aurum finding in Indonesia

PROGRAM STUDI SARJANA GEOLOGI DAN GEOFISIKA

Indonesian Basin Map

PROGRAM STUDI SARJANA GEOLOGI DAN GEOFISIKA

Examining the Earth Movement

PROGRAM STUDI SARJANA GEOLOGI DAN GEOFISIKA

PROGRAM STUDI SARJANA GEOLOGI DAN GEOFISIKA

Contraction Hypothesis (Spencer, 1877)

Undation Hyp (Still, 1924; Bemmelen, 1933)

PROGRAM STUDI SARJANA GEOLOGI DAN GEOFISIKA

PROGRAM STUDI SARJANA GEOLOGI DAN GEOFISIKA

Continental Expansion Hyp

Earth posses heat due to

250 Ma Earth is Pangea

PROGRAM STUDI SARJANA GEOLOGI DAN GEOFISIKA

PROGRAM STUDI SARJANA GEOLOGI DAN GEOFISIKA

Wagener Concept (1912)

PROGRAM STUDI SARJANA GEOLOGI DAN GEOFISIKA

PROGRAM STUDI SARJANA GEOLOGI DAN GEOFISIKA

PROGRAM STUDI SARJANA GEOLOGI DAN GEOFISIKA

PROGRAM STUDI SARJANA GEOLOGI DAN GEOFISIKA

PROGRAM STUDI SARJANA GEOLOGI DAN GEOFISIKA

Further Research of Plate Tectonics

PROGRAM STUDI SARJANA GEOLOGI DAN GEOFISIKA

PROGRAM STUDI SARJANA GEOLOGI DAN GEOFISIKA

The thickest layers, up to 2.883 km

PROGRAM STUDI SARJANA GEOLOGI DAN GEOFISIKA

PROGRAM STUDI SARJANA GEOLOGI DAN GEOFISIKA

Spherical Earth Model PREM (Dziwonski and Anderson,

PROGRAM STUDI SARJANA GEOLOGI DAN GEOFISIKA

PROGRAM STUDI SARJANA GEOLOGI DAN GEOFISIKA

PROGRAM STUDI SARJANA GEOLOGI DAN GEOFISIKA

NB : that velocity is measured from earthquake waves, but density must

PROGRAM STUDI SARJANA GEOLOGI DAN GEOFISIKA

PROGRAM STUDI SARJANA GEOLOGI DAN GEOFISIKA

Red = Slow (hot)

PROGRAM STUDI SARJANA GEOLOGI DAN GEOFISIKA

PROGRAM STUDI SARJANA GEOLOGI DAN GEOFISIKA

Indonesian Basin Map

PROGRAM STUDI SARJANA GEOLOGI DAN GEOFISIKA

Science and Technology

PROGRAM STUDI SARJANA GEOLOGI DAN GEOFISIKA

PROGRAM STUDI SARJANA GEOLOGI DAN GEOFISIKA

PROGRAM STUDI SARJANA GEOLOGI

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