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LNEA RPIDA
POLEAS
LNEA MUERTA
Seccin del cable de perforacin que va desde la corona hasta el punto de anclaje.
MSTIL
MALACATE
GANCHO
El equipo de alta capacidad, formando una J prendido del fondo del bloque viajero,
utilizado para guindar equipos varios, particularmente de la unin giratoria (Swivel) y la
flecha (Kelly), los eslabones del elevador, o unidades de Top Drive
ELEVADOR MSTIL
PLATAFORMAS
PLATAFORMAS SPAR.
Bsicamente una plataforma Spar consiste en un cilindro de gran tamao que a modo
de boya aporta la flotabilidad necesaria. El concepto es similar al de un iceberg, pues la
mayor parte del cilindro est sumergido.
PLATAFORMAS SEMISUMERGIBLES.
Estn construidas sobre columnas con las que se apoyan en el fondo del mar. La
maniobra de estas plataformas no es difcil y son estables al ser remolcadas, pero su
transporte alcanza costos elevados sobre todo para distancias grandes; son apropiadas
cuando desde un punto se efectan varios sondeos con direcciones diferentes, de
modo que no haya que cambiarlas de sitio con frecuencia.
INSTALACIONES DE EXTRACCIN EN EL FONDO MARINO.
PILOTES
SUBESTRUCTURA JACKET.
SUPERESTRUCTURA O DECK
NODOS DE SACRIFICIO
PLACA BASE
VIGAS DE DESLIZAMIENTO
Es un sistema constituido por dos vigas de acero, donde cada una cama de placas
conectadas a un arreglo de polines de madera, sobre el cual se inicia la fabricacin de
la subestructura.
REJILLAS
Las escaleras marinas (escaleras fijas), se deben disear para acceso a plataformas de
mantenimiento o de acceso a vlvulas, para los recipientes que as lo requieran y en
general para todo tipo de subniveles, cuando el espacio no permita usar una escalera
de rampa.
SUBNIVELES
RISER
SISTEMA TENSIONADOR
SISTEMA DE FLOTACIN
TANQUES DE FLOTACIN
Debe generar suficiente potencia para poder satisfacer las necesidades de los dems
equipos de perforacin.
CABLE
Los cable tipo cndor (perforacin) son cables torcidos hacia la izquierda de 6 torones de 19
alambres cada uno sobre un alma de acero.
Tipo y resistencia
Doblez
Cuando se instalen los perros, la longitud del cable se debe doblar para formar un ojillo.
Rozadera
La punta corta del cable debe descansar perfectamente sobre la punta larga
El segundo perro debe instalarse lo ms cerca posible del a rozadera, las tuercas de este perro
no deben apretarse totalmente cuando se instala inicialmente.
Cuando los perros se instalan correctamente, la quijada del perro debe estar en contacto con la
punta larga del cable y la U en contacto con la punta corta.
Las tuercas del segundo y otros perros adicionales deben apretarse uniformemente alternando
unas cuantas vueltas a la tuerca de un lado y luego a la del otro.
Despus de que el cable ha estado en uso por corto tiempo, las tuercas en todos los perros se
deben volver a apretar, ya que la tensin tiende a alargar el cable y por consecuencia se
obtiene una reduccin en su dimetro.
Uso de nudos
El uso de nudos con o sin perros no es recomendable ya que deforma y debilita el cable.
El sistema de frenos de friccin del carrete del malacate es importante para la correcta
operacin de un equipo.
Seguridad y confiablidad
Efectividad
Facilidad de mantenimiento
DIMENSIONES DEL CARRETE PRINCIPAL DEL MALACATE Y
RELACIN DE VELOCIDAD.
El dimetro mnimo del carrete para un malacate debe ser de 20 a 24 veces mayor que el
dimetro del cable, con este valor, la resistencia al rompimiento del cable enrollado sobre el
carrete, ser del 92 al 85% de su resistencia total.
LNEA RPIDA
GANCHO
El equipo de alta capacidad, formando una J prendido del fondo del bloque viajero, utilizado
para guindar equipos varios, particularmente de la unin giratoria (Swivel) y la flecha (Kelly),
los eslabones del elevador, o unidades de Top Drive.
MALACATE
EMBRAGUES
Son dispositivos de friccin utilizados para conectar ejes(acelerando los cuerpos conducidos
hasta que alcancen la misma velocidad angular que el impulsor.
EMBRAGUE DE FRICCIN UTILIZADO EN EL CARRETE DEL MALACATE Una regla general para
seleccionar un embrague, es ver que la capacidad del embrague de baja sea suficiente para
levantar una carga igual a la resistencia normal de rompiente
EMBRAGUES NEUMTICOS
Embragues tipo CB (de mayor uso en bombas de lodos y motores del malacate)
CARACTERISTICAS:
Se utilizan para altas velocidades
Ajuste automtico
Absorben impactos
No necesitan lubricacin
BLOQUE VIAJERO
Este sistema de poleas crea una gran ventaja mecnica para la accin del cable de perforacin
metlico, permitiendo la subida o la bajada de cargas pesadas (sarta de perforacin, tubera de
revestimiento y tuberas de revestimiento cortas) en el pozo.
BLOQUEN DE CORONA
CABLE DE PERFORACIN
El cable de perforacin es una mquina, un conjunto de partes de precisin donde cada parte
puede moverse independientemente y lo utilizaremos para transmitir energa.
MESA ROTARIA
Para rotar la sarta de perforacin se utiliza la mesa rotaria, el buje principal y el buje de la
flecha.
SWIVEL
Dispositivo que permite rotar la sarta de perforacin y a la vez bombear fluidos a travs de ella.
KELLY Y ACCESORIOS
La flecha: es cuadrado o hexagonal y est suspendido debajo de la unin giratoria y pasa por el
buje de la flecha la rotaria Le transmite Torque a la sarta de perforacin.
TOP DRIVE
El sistema del Top Drive, o TDS, reemplaza la mesa rotaria, la flecha y la unin giratoria. Este
colgado del gancho en el bloque viajero.
BARRENAS
MESA ROTATORIA
Es una maquinaria sumamente fuerte y resistente y como su nombre lo indica es rotatoria, esta
hace girar el cuadrante y a su vez gira la sarta de perforacin y la broca. Es muy conocida ya
que tiene la gran capacidad de resistir trabajos muy fuertes y brinda un largo plazo de servicio
y est hecha de acero.
KELLY O FLECHA
TOP DRIVE
El Sistema Top Drive puede definirse como una herramienta de manera general, pero siendo
ms precisos podemos definirlo como un motor elctrico o hidrulico que se suspende en
cualquier tipo de mstil de un equipo de perforacin. Esta herramienta se encarga de hacer
rotar la sarta de perforacin y el trpano.
The movable drill line section, between the crown and the Malacate.
PULLEYS
In the oil field, this term usually refers to either the pulleys permanently mounted on the top of
the drilling rig (the crown blocks), or to the pulleys used to run tools with steel line into the
hole
DEAD LINE
Section of the drill string running from the crown to the anchor point.
MAST
The structure used, especially offshore, to support the crown block and therefore the drill
string. The masts are usually of rectangular or trapezoidal shape and offer a good stretch,
which is important in the equipment of drilling in earth where the mast is lying down to move
the drilling equipment
WINCH
The machine in the drilling rig consists of a steel coil of large diameter, brakes, a power source
and various auxiliary devices. The main function of this machine is to wind out and rewind the
production line, a large diameter steel rope in a controlled mode
HOOK
The high capacity equipment, forming a "J" on the bottom of the traveling block, used to hoist
various equipment, particularly the swivel joint (Swivel) and the arrow (Kelly), lift links, or Top
Drive units
MAST LIFT
A hinge-like mechanism which can be closed around the drill pipe or other components of the
drill string to facilitate its lowering into the hole or its lifting out of the hole
PLATFORMS
Oil rigs are a set of structures and facilities located in different seas and oceans to extract oil or
natural gas from the seabed.
PLATFORMS SPAR.
Basically, a Spar platform consists of a large cylinder that, as a buoy, provides the necessary
buoyancy. The concept is similar to that of an iceberg, since most of the cylinder is submerged.
SEMISUMERGIBLE PLATFORMS.
They are built on columns with which they lean on the bottom of the sea. The maneuvering of
these platforms is not difficult and they are stable when being towed, but their transport
reaches costs elevated especially for big distances; Are appropriate when from a point several
probes are carried out with different directions, so that they do not have to be changed
frequently.
Made up of tubular elements of circular section, with open tip, and basically are the
foundation of the platform.
SUBSTRUCTURE JACKET.
SUPERSTRUCTURE OR DECK
We can define it as the structure that provides support and accommodation to the different
operating equipment for which the platform is intended (drilling, production, storage,
pumping, etc.).
SACRIFICE ANODES
The corrosion protection of the substructure corresponds to the areas in which it is divided for
this purpose, usually three: tidal areas (waves and splashes), submersible zone and
atmospheric zone.
BASIC PLATE
It is necessary that the substructure be temporarily supported on the sea floor, requiring for
this a support based on steel plates, which provide stability to the conditions of load of wave
and own weight of the structure.
SLIDING BEAMS
It is a system constituted by two steel beams, where each bed of plates connected to an
arrangement of wooden poles, on which the manufacture of the substructure begins.
GRILLES
The grille is the top of the superstructure floor system is formed from toothed steel soles.
Marine ladders (fixed ladders) must be designed for access to maintenance platforms or access
to valves, for vessels that require it and in general for all sub-levels, when space does not allow
a ladder to be used.
SUBNIVELES
The platforms, mostly have one or more sub-levels, to support some equipment or pipe that
goes below the first superstructure deck.
The horizontal movement of the traveling pulley is restricted by means of a guide installed
inside the derrick, this is due to the horizontal movement of the floating equipment caused by
sea currents and sea waves.
RISER
The riser is the bond between the floating drilling rig and the well on the seabed.
TENSION SYSTEM
The main function of this system is to provide a constant (vertical) axial tension on the riser to
keep it rigid and prevent compressions in the riser.
FLOATING SYSTEM
It consists of structural elements, which give buoyancy to the substructure after being thrown
into the sea.
FLOATING TANKS
With the flotation analysis, it is determined whether the placement of flotation tanks (number
of tanks and their attachment zone) is necessary.
IMPORTANT FACTORS IN THE OPERATION OF A EQUIPMENT - ENTRY
POWER.
POWER OR POWER SYSTEM
It must generate enough power to meet the needs of other drilling rigs.
CABLE
The cable is a transmission element between: the power system and the lifting work of the rig.
This cable is wound and unrolled on the spool of the winch to operate the pulley system.
Condor type cables (perforation) are twisted cables to the left of 6 strands of 19 wires each on
a steel core.
Fold
When dogs are installed, the length of the cable should be bent to form an eye.
Rozadera
The rozadera should initially be attached to the cable at the desired point, and then the cable
will be folded around the rozadera and secured temporarily by tying the tip of the cable with
wire
It should be placed and tightened approximately 10 cm from the tip of the cable. The dog's jaw
should rest on the main wire and the "U" on the short wire.
The short tip of the cable should rest perfectly on the long tip
When dogs are installed correctly, the dog's jaw should be in contact with the long tip of the
wire and the "U" in contact with the short tip.
The second nuts and other additional dogs should be tightened evenly by alternating a few
turns to the nut on one side and then on to the other.
After the cable has been in use for a short time, the nuts on all dogs should be re-tightened,
since the tension tends to lengthen the cable and consequently a reduction in its diameter is
obtained.
Use of knots
The use of knots with or without dogs is not recommended as it deforms and weakens the
cable.
The friction braking system of the winch reel is important for proper operation of a machine.
Effectiveness
Ease of maintenance
The minimum diameter of the reel for a winch must be 20 to 24 times greater than the
diameter of the cable, with this value, the resistance to breaking the cable wound on the reel,
will be 92 to 85% of its total resistance.
QUICK LINE
The movable drill line section, between the crown and the Malacate.
HOOK
The high capacity equipment, forming a "J" on the bottom of the traveler block, used to hoist
various equipment, particularly the swivel union and the arrow (Kelly), lift links, or Top Drive
units.
WINCH
The machine in the drilling rig consists of a steel coil of large diameter, brakes, a power source
and various auxiliary devices. The main function of this machine is to wind out and rewind the
rpoduction line, a large diameter steel rope in a controlled mode
CLUTCHES
They are friction devices used to connect shafts (accelerating the driven bodies until they
reach the same angular velocity as the impeller.
FRICTION CLUTCH USED ON THE MACHINE REEL A general rule for selecting a clutch is to see
that the capacity of the low clutch is sufficient to lift a load equal to the normal breaking
strength
PNEUMATIC CLUTCHES
Clutches type CB (of greater use in sludge pumps and motors of the winch)
CHARACTERISTICS:
Automatic adjustment
Absorb impacts
No lubrication required
AUXILIARY HYDROMATIC BRAKE
The Hydraulic brake can reduce the speed of entry of the pipe but not stop it, so other means
must be envisaged to be able to do so.
TRAVEL BLOCK
This pulley system creates a great mechanical advantage for the action of the metal drilling
cable, allowing the lifting or lowering of heavy loads (drill string, casing and short casing) in the
well.
BLOCK OF CROWN
The fixed set of pulleys (called pulleys) located at the upper end of the derrick or mast, on
which the drill string is threaded. The complementary blocks (rigging) of these pulleys are the
traveling blocks (moving tackle).
DRILLING CABLE
The drill wire is a machine, a set of precision parts where each part can move independently
and we will use it to transmit energy.
ROTARY TABLE
To rotate the drill string is used the rotary table, the main bushing and the arrow bushing.
SWIVEL
Device for rotating the drill string and at the same time pumping fluids through it.
The arrow: is square or hexagonal and is suspended under the rotating union and passes
through the hub of the arrow the rotates It transmits Torque to the drill string.
TOP DRIVE
The Top Drive system, or TDS, replaces the rotary table, the shaft and the rotary joint. This
hangs from the hook in the traveler block.
It is a very strong and resistant machinery and as its name indicates is rotating, this rotates the
quadrant and in turn rotates drill string and drill. It is well known since it has the great capacity
to withstand very strong work and provides a long service life and is made of steel.
KELLY OR ARROW
Also called arrow, it depends on the entire drill column. Its function is to transmit the rotation
provided by the rotating table to the linkage, to allow its descent and ascent, as well as to drive
inside the drilling fluid to be circulated throughout the drill string.
TOP DRIVE
The Top Drive System can be defined as a tool in general, but being more precise we can define
it as an electric or hydraulic motor that is suspended in any type of mast of a drilling rig. This
tool is responsible for rotating the drill string and the drill bit.