5/27/2017 DigitalCommunicationFrequencyShiftKeying

FrequencyShiftKeying
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FrequencyShiftKeyingF S K isthedigitalmodulationtechniqueinwhichthefrequencyofthecarrier
signalvariesaccordingtothedigitalsignalchanges.FSKisaschemeoffrequencymodulation.

TheoutputofaFSKmodulatedwaveishighinfrequencyforabinaryHighinputandislowinfrequencyfor
abinaryLowinput.Thebinary1sand0sarecalledMarkandSpacefrequencies.

ThefollowingimageisthediagrammaticrepresentationofFSKmodulatedwaveformalongwithitsinput.

TofindtheprocessofobtainingthisFSKmodulatedwave,letusknowabouttheworkingofaFSK
modulator.

FSKModulator
TheFSKmodulatorblockdiagramcomprisesoftwooscillatorswithaclockandtheinputbinarysequence.
Followingisitsblockdiagram.

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Thetwooscillators,producingahigherandalowerfrequencysignals,areconnectedtoaswitchalongwith
aninternalclock.Toavoidtheabruptphasediscontinuitiesoftheoutputwaveformduringthetransmission
ofthemessage,aclockisappliedtoboththeoscillators,internally.Thebinaryinputsequenceisappliedto
thetransmittersoastochoosethefrequenciesaccordingtothebinaryinput.

FSKDemodulator
TherearedifferentmethodsfordemodulatingaFSKwave.ThemainmethodsofFSKdetectionare
asynchronousdetectorandsynchronousdetector.Thesynchronousdetectorisacoherentone,while
asynchronousdetectorisanoncoherentone.

AsynchronousFSKDetector
TheblockdiagramofAsynchronousFSKdetectorconsistsoftwobandpassfilters,twoenvelopedetectors,
andadecisioncircuit.Followingisthediagrammaticrepresentation.

TheFSKsignalispassedthroughthetwoBandPassFiltersBP F s,tunedtoSpaceandMarkfrequencies.
TheoutputfromthesetwoBPFslooklikeASKsignal,whichisgiventotheenvelopedetector.Thesignalin
eachenvelopedetectorismodulatedasynchronously.

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Thedecisioncircuitchooseswhichoutputismorelikelyandselectsitfromanyoneoftheenvelope
detectors.Italsoreshapesthewaveformtoarectangularone.

SynchronousFSKDetector
TheblockdiagramofSynchronousFSKdetectorconsistsoftwomixerswithlocaloscillatorcircuits,two
bandpassfiltersandadecisioncircuit.Followingisthediagrammaticrepresentation.

TheFSKsignalinputisgiventothetwomixerswithlocaloscillatorcircuits.Thesetwoareconnectedtotwo
bandpassfilters.Thesecombinationsactasdemodulatorsandthedecisioncircuitchooseswhichoutputis
morelikelyandselectsitfromanyoneofthedetectors.Thetwosignalshaveaminimumfrequency
separation.

Forbothofthedemodulators,thebandwidthofeachofthemdependsontheirbitrate.Thissynchronous
demodulatorisabitcomplexthanasynchronoustypedemodulators.

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