VERBS

+Can express or show action.

+Tells what a noun does.
+All sentences contain a verb
+Verbs are classified according to the function.
+Verbs tell if something has already happened, if it will happen later, or if it is
happening now.
TYPES OR KINDS OF VERBS
1. ACTIONS VERB
+ Show action

WALK! RUN! DRINK!

+ Action verbs can also be mental actions or things

Mary thought about her homework. She wanted a good grade.

+ Are divided into two groups

Intransitive Transitive
VERB FORMS
+ English verbs have 4 basic forms

PRESENT PAST
BASE FORM PAST FORM
PARTICIPLE PARTICIPLE
BASE FORM
+If the verb tense is simple present
+If the verb tense is simple present or past the base form is used
after auxiliary verbs in questions and negatives.
+Remember take care about third person singular:
Simple Present (Auxiliary Verbs for questions or negatives)
Present Perfect (Affirmative and negative statements or question)
 THIRD PERSON SINGULAR SPELLING RULE
-S, IES, ES
Add |S| at the end of the most verbs

START STAND WORK READ

STARTS STANDS WORKS READS

Add |ES| at the end of the verbs ending with CH, SH, SS, X, Z, O.

CATCH SMASH PASS FIX BUZZ GO

CATCHES SMASHES PASSES FIXES BUZZES GOES

 THIRD PERSON SINGULAR SPELLING RULE
-S, IES, ES

Add |IES| at the end of the verbs ending with consonant + Y, and remove the Y.

STUDY CARRY

STUDIES CARRIES

Add |S| at the end of the verbs ending with vowel + Y.

STAY ENJOY

STAYS ENJOYS
PRESENT PARTICIPLE
+ Used to show progressive / continuous verb tenses
+ The -ing form is also used for gerunds (verbs which are used as nouns).
Learning a language isn't easy.
Talking to Bill was a lot of fun.
+ The -ing form is also seen in participles (verb forms which are used as adjectives).
The movie was boring.
That was an exciting game.
+ The -ing form is also used after go in many expressions showing leisure-time activities
including go bowling, go dancing, go diving,
 PRESENT PARTICIPLE SPELLING RULE
-ING

Add |ING| at the end of the most verbs

CARRY SING DRINK READ

CARRYING SINGING DRINKING READING

Add |ING| at the end of the verbs ending with silent e, remove the e

WRITE OBSERVE

WRITING OBSERVING
 PRESENT PARTICIPLE SPELLING RULE
-ING
Add |ING| at verbs ending in ie. Change -ie to Y.

DIE TIE

DYING TYING

Add |ING| at the end of the verbs ending with -ee

SEE

SEEING
 PRESENT PARTICIPLE SPELLING RULE
-ING
Add |ING| to verbs with 1 syllable. Double the consonant. Except verbs ending in w, x, y

RUN SIT CUT

RUNNING SITTING CUTTING

PAST FORM
Regular verbs and irregular verbs.
PAST PARTICIPLE FORM
+ Past participles are used as part of the present and past perfect tenses
+ Past participles are also used to make one of the past forms for the modal verbs (modal
auxiliaries).
modal + have + the past participle.
+ Another use for past participles is as participial adjectives (verb forms used as adjectives).
We were bored / excited / interested.
It's broken / gone / done.
+ For regular verbs, this form is the same as the past form. For irregular verbs, this form often
has "internal changes
REGULAR VERBS
PAST AND PAST PARTICIPLE FORM

Add |ED| to most of the regular verbs

START WALK CLEAN

STARTED WALKED CLEANED

Add |ED| and double the consonant to verbs with 1 syllable ending In consonant + v + c

TRIP STOP SKIP

TRIPPED STOPPED SKIPPED

 REGULAR VERBS
PAST AND PAST PARTICIPLE FORM

Add |D| to verbs ending in E

CLOSE BAKE CLOSE

CLOSED BAKED CLOSED

Add |IED| to verbs ending with consonant and Y and remove the Y, but if the verb ends
with vowel and Y just add |ED|

CRY CARRY PLAY

CRIED CARRIED PLAYED

IRREGULAR VERBS
PAST AND PAST PARTICIPLE FORM

Group 1
No change
Past
Base form Past
Participle
CUT CUT CUT

HIT HIT HIT

IRREGULAR VERBS
PAST AND PAST PARTICIPLE FORM
Group 2
Same Past and Participle
a) END IN D
Past
Base form Past
Participle
SELL SOLD SOLD

TELL TOLD TOLD

IRREGULAR VERBS
PAST AND PAST PARTICIPLE FORM

Group 2
Same Past and Participle
b) END IN T
Past
Base form Past
Participle
FEEL FELT FELT

KEEP KEPT KEPT

 Group 3
Follow some patterns
A) I A - U

BEGIN BEGAN BEGUN

DR NK DR NK DR NK

S NG S NG S NG

B) O E - ON

BL W BL W BL W

GR W GR W GR W
 Group 3
Follow some patterns
C) EA OE - OE

BR K BR K BR K

SP K SP K SP K

D) A OO - AKEN

SH KE SH K SH K

T KE T K T
THE REALLY IRREGULAR VERBS

be was / were been

do did done
go went gone