Fundamentals of Petroleum Exploration

Assignment 1

Question 1: Specific Gravity is defined as the ratio between weight of a given volume of material and
weight of an equal volume of water at 4C.

Options: True False

Question 2: A trap consists of an impervious stratum that overlies the reservoir rock thereby
prohibiting hydrocarbons from escaping upward and laterally

Options: True False

Question 3: In which year the Government of India (GOI) came out with the New Exploration
Licensing Policy (NELP)?a. In 1996-97b. In 1997-98c. In 1998-99d. In 1995-96
Option 1: Only a
Option 2: Only b
Option 3: Only c
Option 4: Only d

Question 4: A Vertical Seismic Profile measures accurate seismic velocity values for exact depth
intervals beneath a site

Options: True False

Question 5: The entire pool of oil is not extracted from a well because ----------. A. It is too destructive
to the environment B. It is not cost-effective C. In some areas it is too liquid to extract D. Only a strip
mine could fully extract it
Option 1: Only a
Option 2: Only b
Option 3: Only c
Option 4: Only d

Question 6: The world faces an energy crisis because _________.a. world demand for energy will
increase b. world oil production will peak and begin to declinec. shortages and the resulting
escalation of prices can shock the economic and political orderd. all of the above
Option 1: Only a
Option 2: Only b
Option 3: Only c
Option 4: Only d
 Fundamentals of Petroleum Exploration

Question 7: MWD refers to measurements acquired down hole while drilling that specifically
describes directional surveying and drilling-related measurements

Options: True False

Question 8:Airborne geophysical surveys will never replace the need for seismicinformation, but
without a doubt, they do greatly aid in cost effectively placing seismic surveys a critical issue in any
broad-scale exploration plan.

Options: True False

Question 9: High levels of ----------- cause the organic matter to chemically change during
diagenesis.a. Heatb. Pressurec. heat and pressured. None of these
Option 1: Only a
Option 2: Only b
Option 3: Only c
Option 4: Only d

Question 10: Hydrocarbons in unexplored/poorly explored areas of the country including deep
waters off west coast, east coastand in Andaman Sea and acreages awarded for exploration under ---
---- Policy.
Option 1: National Exploration Licensing Policy
Option 2: New Exploration Leasing Policy
Option 3: New Exploration Licensing Policy
Option 4: National Exploration Licensing Policy

Question 11: The oilfield has defined real time as uptothe second data or instant data.

Options: True False

Question 12: Type II (Liptinic) has H:C ratio ------------ than 1 and Type III (Humic) has H:C ratio ---------
-- than 1. (Here H:C means Hydrogen and cabon ratio)a. Greater, Lessb. Less, Greatera. Greater,
Greatera. Less, Less
Option 1: Only a
Option 2: Only b
Option 3: Only c
Option 4: Only d

Question 13: remote sensing is used in reconnaissance phase in inaccessible areas or terrains
 Fundamentals of Petroleum Exploration

Options: True False

Question 14: Read the following statements and tell which of the mentioned option is CORRECT:1.
Since methane is also a global warming gas.2. Gas hydrates are stable compounds formed from
water and methane.a. True, Trueb. True, Falsec. False, Trueb. False, False
Option 1: Only a
Option 2: Only b
Option 3: Only c
Option 4: Only d

Question 15: The downstream oil companies include a. Indian Oil Corporation (IOC)b. Bharat
Petroleum Corporation Ltd (BPCL)c. Indo-Burma Petroleum (IBP) d. Coal India Limited (CIL)
Option 1: a, b is correct
Option 2: b,c and d is correct
Option 3: a,b & c is correct
Option 4: all are correct

Question 16: Magnetic Surveys measure the total magnetic field intensity of the earth

Options: True False

Question 17: one millidarcy is 1/10000 of a darcy)

Options: True False

Question 18: The unit of permeability is the Darcy, which is equal to a flow of a fluid with a viscosity
of 1 centipoise flowing at 1 cm/sec for a pressure gradient of 1 atmosphere/cm

Options: True False

Question 19: Porosity =total rock volume/ pore volume 100%

Options: True False

Question 20:The four principal types of paraffins are methane (CH4), ethane (C2H6), propane
(C3H8), and butane (C4H10)

Options: True False

 Fundamentals of Petroleum Exploration

Question 21:High sulfur crude oil costs less to refine which means that future oil supply costs will
decrease future retail prices for gasoline.

Options: True False

Question 22:Sedimentary rocks are magnetic and hence, any magnetic irregularities areattributed to
depth variations of basement rocks

Options: True False

Question 23: The powerful imaging capability of 3-D migration is the main advantage of3-D seismic.

Options: True False

Question 24:Traditionally (Illing, 1933), the process of petroleum migration is divided into two parts
in which Primary migration happens within the high-permeabilitysource rocks.

Options: True False

Question 25: Petroleum contains complex carbon-hydrogen molecular structures called chains that
are linked together to form long chains of more complex molecules. ------- is one such
hydrocarbon.a. CH2b. CH3c. CH4d. CH5
Option 1: a is correct
Option 2: b is correct
Option 3: c is correct
Option 4: d is correct

Question 26: The core data is also used to calibrate log response (acoustic, density or neutron logs)
and determination of parameters.

Options: True False

Question 27: The petroleum industry uses an -------- scale to grade crude oil.a. API (American
Petroleum Institute) b. ARIP (American Research Institute of Petroleum) c. APRI (American
Petroleum Research Institute) d. APSI (American Petroleum Standered Institute)
Option 1: Only a
Option 2: Only b
Option 3: Only c
 Fundamentals of Petroleum Exploration

Option 4: Only d

Question 28: Rocks containing between 0.5 percent and 1.0 percent TOC (total-organic carbon) are --
----------- hydrocarbon-source potential. a. Negligible b. Marginalc. Substantiald. None of these
Option 1: Negligible
Option 2: Marginal
Option 3: Substantial
Option 4: None of these

Question 29: What is an Ideal environments ?a. Ideal environments are those which accumulate
abundant organic material in oxidising conditions.b. Ideal environments are those which accumulate
abundant inorganic material in non-oxidising conditions.c. Ideal environments are those which
accumulate abundant organic material in non-oxidising conditions.d. None of these
Option 1: Only a
Option 2: Only b
Option 3: Only c
Option 4: Only d

Question 30:Secondary Migration comes into play when hydrocarbons migrate through carrier beds
into the sealed reservoir or traps, which could be structural, stratigraphic or combination type.

Options: True False

Question 31: Chemically, --------------- is a mixture of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.

Option 1: Petroleum
Option 2: Gold
Option 3: Platinum
Option 4: Coal

Question 32: Petroleum comes from the german petra meaning rock or stone, and oleum meaning
oil

Options: True False

Question 33: The name petroleum covers:a. both naturally occurring unprocessed crude oil and
petroleum products that are made up of refined crude oil.b. Only naturally occurring unprocessed
crude oilc. Only petroleum products that are made up of refined crude oil.d. None of these
Option 1: Only a
 Fundamentals of Petroleum Exploration

Option 2: Only b
Option 3: Only c
Option 4: Only d

Question 34: India has only ------- of the world's oil and ------- of gas reserves.

a. 0.5 percentage 1.5 percentage

b. 1.5 percentage 0.6 percentage
c. 2.5 percentage 1.6 percentage
d. 3.5 percentage 2.6 percentage
Option 1: Only a
Option 2: Only b
Option 3: Only c
Option 4: Only d

Question 35: Depending upon the remoteness of the drill site and its access, equipment may be
transported to the site by truck, helicopter or barge.

Options: True False

Question 36: Crude oil was discovered in Digboi, Assam, India in:a. Late 17th centuryb. Late 18th
centuryc. Late 19th centuryd. Late 20th century
Option 1: a is correct
Option 2: b is correct
Option 3: c is correct
Option 4: d is correct

Question 37: Preservation of organic matter without degradation is critical to creating a good ---------
---, and necessary for a complete petroleum system.a. Cap rockb. Reservoir rockc. Source rockd.
None of these
Option 1: Only a
Option 2: Only b
Option 3: Only c
Option 4: Only d

Question 38: Hydrocarbons in unexplored/poorly explored areas of the country including deep
waters off west coast, east coastand in Andaman Sea and acreages awarded for exploration under ---
---- Policy.a. National Exploration Licensing Policy b. New Exploration Leasing Policy c. New
Exploration Licensing Policy d. National Exploration Licensing Policy
 Fundamentals of Petroleum Exploration

Option 1: Only a
Option 2: Only b
Option 3: Only c
Option 4: Only d

Question 39:For a reservoir, permeability is regarded asfair 1.0-10 mdgood 10-100 mdvery good
100-1000 md

Options: True False

Question 40: Geopressurized zones might one day become an important source ofa. petroleum.b.
natural gas. c. lignite. d. kerogen.
Option 1: Only a
Option 2: Only b
Option 3: Only c
Option 4: Only d

Question 41:Rocks of marine origin tend to be oil-prone, whereas terrestrial source rocks (such as
coal) tend to be gas-prone.

Options: True False

Question 42: Which liquid-hydrocarbons contain varying amounts of dissolved gases, bitumens, and
other impurities.a. Crude oils b. Natural gasc. Semi-solids d. Solid forms
Option 1: a is correct
Option 2: b is correct
Option 3: c is correct
Option 4: d is correct

Question 43: A good definition of a seep is the surface expression of a migration pathway, along
which petroleum is currently flowing, driven by buoyancy from a sub-surface origin

Options: True False

Question 44: MWD has become a standard practice in offshore directional wells,where the tool cost
is offset by rig time and wellbore stability considerations.

Options: True False

 Fundamentals of Petroleum Exploration

Question 45: Supply of asphalt-based oils is about ---------- of the total world supply of crude oil. It is
also called ---------.a. 5 percent, White oilb. 10 percent, Green oilc. 15 percent, black oild. 20 percent,
Red oil
Option 1: a is correct
Option 2: b is correct
Option 3: c is correct
Option 4: d is correct
Question 46: The first refinery was started here as early as ------- in Digboi, Assam in India.a. 1900b.
1901c. 1902d. 1903
Option 1: a is correct
Option 2: b is correct
Option 3: c is correct
Option 4: d is correct

Question 47: The efficiency of a combined heat and power plant is typically ------- percent
Option 1: 40
Option 2: 50
Option 3: 60
Option 4: 70
Option 5: 80

Question 48: Petroleum gas is formed as a natural by-product during the generation of petroleum

Options: True False

Question 49:The Sniffer technique used to detect hydrocarbon seepage in offshore involves towing
a submerged tow-fish close to the seafloor and continuously pumping seawater into a geochemical
laboratory on board where the hydrocarbons are extracted and measured by gas chromatography.

Options: True False

Question 50:According to organic theory, petroleum is formed from the preserved remains of
prehistoric zooplankton and algae which have been settled to the sea (or lake) bottom in large
quantities under anoxic or anaerobic conditions

Options: True False

Question 51: Which of the following statements are true?a) Lignite has a carbon content of less than
90 percent.b) Anthracite has a carbon content of 60-75 percent.c) Acid rain is caused by burning
 Fundamentals of Petroleum Exploration

coals with a high sulphur content.d) Coal originated from the decay of micro-organisms in the sea.e)
Oil originated from the decay of vegetation in the Carboniferous Period.
Option 1: Only a
Option 2: Only b
Option 3: Only c
Option 4: Only d
Option 5: Only e

Question 52: Rocks containing more than 1% TOC often have marginal source potential

Options: True False

Question 53: Oil derived from coal, oil shales or tar sands is called ________.a. natural gas b.
biomassc. syncruded. none of these
Option 1: Only a
Option 2: Only b
Option 3: Only c
Option 4: Only d

Question 54: Before mining techniques improved in the 1700s, the resource that provided the
greatest amount of energy for heating and cooking was -----------. A. Dung B. Wood C. Coal D. Oil
Option 1: Only a
Option 2: Only b
Option 3: Only c
Option 4: Only d

Question 55: When the country's first refinery at Digboi, Assam, was commissioned in India it had a
capacity of just --------------- tonnes per annum.

a. 0.50 million
b. 0.25 million
c. 0.60 million
d. 0.80 million
Option 1: a is correct
Option 2: b is correct
Option 3: c is correct
Option 4: d is correct
 Fundamentals of Petroleum Exploration

Question 56: The components of crude oil can be classified into two hydrocarbon series:a. Propane
series and Naphthalene seriesb. Methane series and Naphthalene seriesc. Methane series and
Propane seriesd. Methalene series and Naphthalene series
Option 1: a is correct
Option 2: b is correct
Option 3: c is correct
Option 4: d is correct

Question 57:The components of crude oil can be classified into two hydrocarbon series: Methane
series and Naphthalene series.

Options: True False

Question 58: Oil and gas are made mainly of hydrocarbons that originated from decomposed organic
material buried under the earth's surface.

a. Organic
b. Inorganic
c. Carbanic
d. All of above
Option 1: Only a
Option 2: Only b
Option 3: Only c
Option 4: Only d

Question 59: Read the statements:1. Preservation of organic matter without degradation is critical
to creating a good cap rock, and unnecessary for a complete petroleum system.2. The amount of
organic material present in sedimentary rocks is almost always measured as the total-organic carbon
(TOC) content.a. False, Falseb. True, Falsec. False, Trued. True, True
Option 1: Only a
Option 2: Only b
Option 3: Only c
Option 4: Only d

Question 60: Hydrocarbons are ---------- than rock or water.a. Lighterb. Heavyerc. Equald. None of
these
Option 1: Only a
Option 2: Only b
 Fundamentals of Petroleum Exploration

Option 3: Only c
Option 4: Only d

Question 61: A reflection experiment is carried out by initiating a seismic source (such as a dynamite
explosion) and recording the reflected waves using one or more seismometers

Options: True False

Question 62: Structural trap is formed due to folding, faulting, and other deformation.

Options: True False

Question 63:Viscosity is defined as the internal friction of a liquid causing its resistance to change
form; it is the ratio of stress to shear per unit time.

Options: True False

Question 64: Crude oil is soluble in:a. Naphtha b. Carbon disulfidec. Etherd. Benzene
Option 1: a, b and c are correct
Option 2: b, c and d are correct
Option 3: c, d and a are correct
Option 4: All are correct

Question 65: Crude oil belonging to the ------- series is also referred to as -------.a. Methane series,
Paraffinb. Naphthalene, Paraffinc. Methane series, Marffind. Naphthalene, Marffin
Option 1: a is correct
Option 2: b is correct
Option 3: c is correct
Option 4: d is correct

Question 66: The other, cheaper, technique for obtaining samples of the formation is Closewall
Coring.

Options: True False

Question 67: Ideal environments are those which accumulate abundant organic material in non-
oxidizing conditions
 Fundamentals of Petroleum Exploration

Options: True False

Question 68: India has only ------- of the world's oil and ------- of gas reserves.

a. 0.5 percentage 1.5 percentage (actually as per book 0.5 percentage 0.6 percentage )
b. 1.5 percentage 0.6 percentage
c. 2.5 percentage 1.6 percentage
d. 3.5 percentage 2.6 percentage
Option 1: Only a
Option 2: Only b
Option 3: Only c
Option 4: Only d

Question 69: Which of the following is the volatility of gasoline?a. Its tendency to restrict to liquid
phaseIs b. Its tendency to pass from vapour to liquid phaseIs c. Its tendency to pass from liquid to
solid phaseIs d. Its tendency to pass from liquid to vapour phase
Option 1: Only a
Option 2: Only b
Option 3: Only c
Option 4: Only d

Question 70: Petroleum occurs in the earth in combination of any of the three states: gas, liquid and
solid.

Options: True False

Question 71: 3D Seismic Surveys of survey is also called timelapse seismic survey

Options: True False

Question 72: In onshore operations, the drilling equipment is collectively known as a Drilling pit'.

Options: True False

Question 73: A roof rock that is concave as viewed from below prevents the hydrocarbons from
escaping either vertically or laterally, thus localizing the pool of oil and gas. Such an external barrier
is called a Structural Trap.

Options: True False

 Fundamentals of Petroleum Exploration

Question 74: Typical organic constituents of kerogen are algae and sticky plant material

Options: True False

Question 75:Specific gravity is defined as the ratio between weight of a given volume of material and
weight of an equal volume of water at 40 degree centigrade.

Options: True False

 Fundamentals of Petroleum Exploration

Assignment - 2

Question 1: If the pressure within the salt body becomes sufficiently high it may be able to push
through its overburden, this is known as -------
Option 1: Fracturing
Option 2: Forcefuldiapirism
Option 3: Diapir
Option 4: Folding

Question 2: By selecting good -------------, seismic data quality can improve and by selecting good
access to seismic lines, environmental impact and safety risks are minimized.

a. Offset locations, Seismic quality

b. Sourceoffset locations, Seismic data quality
c. source locations, data quality
d. None of these
Option 1: Only a
Option 2: Only b
Option 3: Only c
Option 4: Only d

Question 3: Migration is the process of the oil and gas moving away from the -------.
Option 1: Earth
Option 2: Cloud
Option 3: Source rock
Option 4: None of these

Question 4: The ------------- of a rock is a measure of its ability to hold a fluid.a. Porousityb.
Permeablityc. hydrocarbonsd. All of above
Option 1: Only a
Option 2: Only b
Option 3: Only c
Option 4: Only d

Question 5: The -------------------- survey refers to the systematic collection of geophysical data (such
as seismic, gravitational, magnetic, electrical and electromagnetic) for spatial studies. a. Geologicalb.
Geophysicalc. Geochemicald. All of above
Option 1: Only a
Option 2: Only b
 Fundamentals of Petroleum Exploration

Option 3: Only c
Option 4: Only d

Question 6: A ------- seismic survey is capable of accurately imaging reflected waves because it
utilizes multiple points of observation.
Option 1: D
Option 2: 2D
Option 3: 3D
Option 4: 4D

Question 7: The geochemical methods are based on the assumption that hydrocarbons found in an
oil pool tend to migrate -------------- because of their having a ----------- density and some of their
molecules may reach the surface.a. Upwards, lowerb. Upwards, higherc. downwards, higherd.
downwards, lower
Option 1: Only a
Option 2: Only b
Option 3: Only c
Option 4: Only d

Question 8: By this method, anomalies in the earth's magnetic field are mapped and co-related with
underground structures.

a. Magnetic surveys
b. Geological surveys
c. Geophysical surveys
d. Geochemical surveys
Option 1: Only a
Option 2: Only b
Option 3: Only c
Option 4: Only d

Question 9: The surface on earth below the reservoir is called

Option 1: Oilfield
Option 2: gas field
Option 3: Condensate field
Option 4: None of the above
 Fundamentals of Petroleum Exploration

Question 10: What are needed for production of oil and gas.a. Porosityb. Permeabilityc. Both d.
None of these
Option 1: Only a
Option 2: Only b
Option 3: Only c
Option 4: Only d

Question 11: Most --------------- represent little but detectable volumes of oil and gas which are not
significantly depleting the reservoir.a. Seepb. Seedc. Speedd. None of these
Option 1: Only a
Option 2: Only b
Option 3: Only c
Option 4: Only d

Question 12: The earth surface above a reservoir from which commercial exploitation takes place, is
called
Option 1: Oil field
Option 2: Gas field
Option 3: condensate field
Option 4: Depends on what it produces

Question 13: When did the first search for oil began in India?
Option 1: 1800
Option 2: 1850
Option 3: 1860
Option 4: 1866

Question 14: Oil migrates :a. In any directionb. Covers great distances c. It follows the path of least
resistance to the point where it either escapes or goes no farther.d. All of these
Option 1: Only a
Option 2: Only b
Option 3: Only c
Option 4: Only d

Question 15: Which statement best explains why many Southwest Asian nations depend on the oil
industry to support their economies?
 Fundamentals of Petroleum Exploration

Option 1: European colonialism contributed to the development of economies based on

extracting resources rather than producing goods.
Option 2: Dictators in the region promote economic policies requiring overuse of fossil fuels.
Option 3: The regions location is favorable for transporting fuel to the rest of the world.
Option 4: The regions desert landscape makes it well suited for industries that are harmful
to the environment.

Question 16: This method is more advanced than the 2D seismic surveys and is hence more costly. a.
1Db. 2Dc. 3Dd. 4D
Option 1: Only a
Option 2: Only b
Option 3: Only c
Option 4: Only d

Question 17: The ---------------- survey is the study of the Earth to find rock features in which
profitable supplies of oil could be found.a. Geologicalb. Geophysical c. Geochemicald. All of above
Option 1: Only a
Option 2: Only b
Option 3: Only c
Option 4: Only d

Question 18: Near surface studies indicate that the geothermal gradient is about 30 o C per
kilometer. If the radius of the Earth is about 6,000 kilometers what is the expected temperature at
the center (in o C)?a. 1,800 degrees Cb. 18,000 degrees Cc. 180,000 degrees Cd. None of these
Option 1: Only a
Option 2: Only b
Option 3: Only c
Option 4: Only d

Question 19: To produce ------- from the reservoir, wells are drilled through the surface of the earth.
Option 1: Oil
Option 2: Gas
Option 3: Liquid
Option 4: Petrol

Question 20: As regards the geochemical surveys in offshore area, fractures and faults present in the
sea floor can cause the ------- to seep out from the reservoir.
 Fundamentals of Petroleum Exploration

Option 1: Rock oil

Option 2: Stone oil
Option 3: crude oil
Option 4: All of these

Question 21: The hydrocarbon fuel in oil shale isa. petroleumb. kerogenc. natural gasd. methane
Option 1: Only a
Option 2: Only b
Option 3: Only c
Option 4: Only d

Question 22: Permeability allows the oil and gas to flow ---------- of the rock.a. Inb. Outc. Bothd.
None of these
Option 1: Only a
Option 2: Only b
Option 3: Only c
Option 4: Only d

Question 23:There is no other technology that matches or exceeds the capabilities of remote sensing
and its necessity in the oil industry.

Options: True False

Question 24: The cusps (points) of oscillation ripple marks point:a. up - toward the younger
materialb. up - towards the older materialc. downd. None of these
Option 1: Only a
Option 2: Only b
Option 3: Only c
Option 4: Only d

Question 25: Which of the following is/are common reservoir rocks.

Option 1: Sandstone
Option 2: Limestone
Option 3: Source rock
Option 4: All of the above
 Fundamentals of Petroleum Exploration

Question 26: This impervious stratum is called:a. Roof rockb. Spill pointc. Vertical closure d. Areal
closure
Option 1: Only a
Option 2: Only b
Option 3: Only c
Option 4: Only d

Question 27: This impervious stratum is called a -------, it intervenes to collect and hold
hydrocarbons underground.
Option 1: Bottom rock
Option 2: Top rock
Option 3: Floor rock
Option 4: roof rock

Question 28: Can a mineralogically mature sedimentary rock be immature?

Options: True False

Question 29: There are two kinds of traps:a. Structural Trapsb. Stratigraphic Trapsc. Unstructural
Trapsd. Unstratigraphic Traps
Option 1: Only a
Option 2: Only b
Option 3: Only c
Option 4: Only d

Question 30: Compaction of the source rock beds by the weight of the overlying rocks provides ------
-
Option 1: Petroleum to rise until it is trapped or escapes at the earths surface
Option 2: The driving mechanism to expel the hydrocarbons causing them to move, where
they will take the easiest route
Option 3: Causes an enormous increase in volume which may cause fracturing of the source
rock
Option 4: All of the above

Question 31: The MT method offers an alternative and complementary exploration tool to--------------
and is particularly appropriate as a deep penetrationreconnaissance tool used for delineating large
scale conductive zones.a. Seismic surveyingb. Gravity surveyingc. Seismic and gravity surveyingd.
None of these
Option 1: Only a
 Fundamentals of Petroleum Exploration

Option 2: Only b
Option 3: Only c
Option 4: Only d

Question 32: By working with reliable geospatial data, oil and gas exploration managers, geologists,
geophysicists, engineers, project managers, corporate decision makers, and field personnel can
make project critical decisions in:

a. Timely manner
b. Reduce the overall exploration
c. Development costs
d. All of these
Option 1: Only a
Option 2: Only b
Option 3: Only c
Option 4: Only d

Question 33: Traps that are predominantly structural in origin may be classified according to the
kinds of deformation as caused by
Option 1: Folding
Option 2: Faulting
Option 3: Fracturing
Option 4: Intrusion of a plug
Option 5: All of the above

Question 34:When exploring a new area where little is known of the subsurface geology, a 3D survey
is usually performed.

Options: True False

Question 35: A good definition of a ------------- is "the surface expression of a migration pathway,
along which petroleum is currently flowing, driven by buoyancy from a sub-surface origin".

a. Seep
b. Seed
c. Speed
d. None of these
Option 1: Only a
Option 2: Only b
Option 3: Only c
Option 4: Only d
 Fundamentals of Petroleum Exploration

Question 36: Electric-resistance methods such as induced polarization methods can be useful for
Option 1: Directly detecting sulfide bodies, coal and resistive rocks such as salt and
carbonates
Option 2: Measuring the physical properties of rocks
Option 3: Delineate potential hydrocarbon accumulations
Option 4: None of the above

Question 37: Which of the following is the study of Earth to find rock features in which profitable
supplies of oil could be found?
Option 1: Isopach
Option 2: Serrp
Option 3: Geological Survey
Option 4: Cross-section Survey

Question 38: Petroleum accumulations probably require long period of time to form, particularly in
reservoirs of
Option 1: high permeability
Option 2: low permeability
Option 3: increasing permeability
Option 4: decreasing permeability

Question 39: Mathematically, porosity is the open space in a rock divided by the -------------.a. Total
rock areab. Total rock volume (solid and space)c. Total rock desityd. Total rock (Solid only)
Option 1: Only a
Option 2: Only b
Option 3: Only c
Option 4: Only d

Question 40: If you found a sandstone that contained oscillation ripple marks that pointed down -----
--------a. The section is right side up - the oldest material is at the bottom and the youngest is at the
topb. The section is upside down - the oldest material is at the top and the youngest is at the
bottom.c. Both a and bd. None of these
Option 1: Only a
Option 2: Only b
Option 3: Only c
Option 4: Only d
 Fundamentals of Petroleum Exploration

Question 41: The size of the accumulation depends upon

Option 1: The amount of available petroleum source materials
Option 2: Physical elements present at the place of accumulation
Option 3: Any combination of the two
Option 4: The development of a petroleum system during which hydrocarbons migrate into and
remain trapped in a reservoir

Question 42: A petroleum geologist working for oil exploration in an area where rocks are seen on
the surface

Options: True False

Question 43: These serveys give two-dimensional picture (length and breadth) of the subsurface
formations.a. 1D Surveysb. 2D Surveysc. 3D Surveysd. 4D Surveys
Option 1: Only a
Option 2: Only b
Option 3: Only c
Option 4: Only d

Question 44: The basis techniques in the hydrocarbon exploration.a. Geological and Remote
Sensingb. Geophysical and d. Geochemicalc. Both a and bd. None of these
Option 1: Only a
Option 2: Only b
Option 3: Only c
Option 4: Only d

Question 45: During which type of production, 25-30 percent of the oil in the reservoir can be
recovered by the natural reservoir drive.
Option 1: Primary
Option 2: Secondary rock
Option 3: Tertiary
Option 4: All of the above

Question 46: Which of the following were formed by the natural evaporation of sea water from an
enclosed basin?
Option 1: Salt
Option 2: Trap
Option 3: Salt beds
 Fundamentals of Petroleum Exploration

Option 4: Seal
Question 47: A number of rock units are deposited during a transgression. If you were to examine
these rocks from bottom to top (youngest) you would expect to see:a. The grains would tend to
increase in size from bottom to topb. The grains would tend to decrease in size from bottom to topc.
The grains would not change in sized. None of these
Option 1: Only a
Option 2: Only b
Option 3: Only c
Option 4: Only d

Question 48: Person known as ------------- works for oil exploration.a. Workerb. Petroleum
Engioneerc. Petroleum geologist d. None of these
Option 1: Only a
Option 2: Only b
Option 3: Only c
Option 4: Only d

Question 49: The proven oil reserves of North America in 2011, as a percentage of the global proven
reserves, was about:a) 5 percentb) 10 percentc) 15 percentd) 20 percent
Option 1: Only a
Option 2: Only b
Option 3: Only c
Option 4: Only d

Question 50: A trap is basically 'geometry' of the reservoir rock.

Options: True False

Question 51: The most established application of ------------ is in the area of natural resources in
exploration of oil, gas, and minerals.
Option 1: Remote sensing
Option 2: GIS
Option 3: GPS
Option 4: All of these

Question 52: Accumulation is the phase in the development of a petroleum.

 Fundamentals of Petroleum Exploration

Options: True False

Question 53: Traps are formed due to

Option 1: Sedimentation
Option 2: Convulsions that took place on earths strata
Option 3: Removal of water from hydrocarbons
Option 4: Both I and 2

Question 54: Alternative Fuelled Vehicle is any vehicle capable of operating on an alternative fuel,
such as Liquified Petroleum Gas, natural gas, alcohol or electricity.These are :
Option 1: Dedicated one fuel vehicle which runs only on petrol or diesel
Option 2: Hi-fuelled can operate on either an alternative fuel or gasoline but not at the same
time plus they have the separate storage system.
Option 3: Flexible fuelled can operate in either alternative or conventional fuel or a
combination single storage and combustion system.
Option 4: Duel fuelled can burn two fuels simultaneously, stored separately and injected into
the combustion chamber simultaneously.

Question 55: Geophysical survey refers to the systematic collection of ------- for spatial studies.
Option 1: satellite data
Option 2: geophysical data
Option 3: geochemical data
Option 4: All of these

Question 56: The worst oil spill in United States waters was thea. Santa Barbara spillb. Amoco Cadiz
spillc. Exxon Valdez spilld. Torrey Canyon spill
Option 1: Only a
Option 2: Only b
Option 3: Only c
Option 4: Only d

Question 57: After Geological field surveys, interpretation and 2D/3D Seismic data acquisition and
subsurface interpretation has been completed, ------------ will be selected for promising subsurface
structures.a. Well locations b. Gas's locationc. Oil's locationd. None of these
Option 1: Only a
Option 2: Only b
Option 3: Only c
 Fundamentals of Petroleum Exploration

Option 4: Only d

Question 58: This survey is are used during the delineation phase of the project.a. 1Db. 2Dc. 3Dd.
4D
Option 1: Only a
Option 2: Only b
Option 3: Only c
Option 4: Only d

Question 59: Features of interest known as -------------- are subjected to more detailed seismic
surveys which work on the principle of the time it takes for reflected sound waves to travel through
matter (rock) of varying densities and using the process of Depth conversion to create a profile of
the substructure.a. Leads b. Source areac. Source rockd. All
Option 1: Only a
Option 2: Only b
Option 3: Only c
Option 4: Only d

Question 60: Subsurface features of interest in hydrocarbons exploration are -------------- in nature.a.
1D Surveysb. 2D Surveysc. 3D Surveysd. 4D Surveys
Option 1: Only a
Option 2: Only b
Option 3: Only c
Option 4: Only d

Question 61: Which of the following is used to locate unexploded ordnance?

Option 1: Remote sensing
Option 2: Ground magnetometric surveys
Option 3: Magnetic and electromagnetic surveys
Option 4: Ground penetrating radar

Question 62: Secondary stratigraphic traps result from -------

Option 1: Variations that developed after sedimentation
Option 2: Variations that developed before sedimentation
Option 3: Variations that developed during sedimentation
Option 4: Variations in facies
 Fundamentals of Petroleum Exploration

Question 63: Lower permeabilities may be used for -------.

Option 1: Liqued Production
Option 2: Solid Production
Option 3: Gas production
Option 4: None of these