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SUBMITTED BY:
Cherry Belle P. Hilario
GROUP #2
SUBMITTED TO:
Engr. Ruby G. Espaola
INSTRUCTOR
Objectives
This activity aims to determine the workability of the fresh concrete mix and assess its
consistency.
I. PREPARATION OF MATERIALS
Materials used in this activity are: pail/bucket, large tin can, trowel (palita), measuring
device, weighing scale, spade/shovel, slump set, plain sheet G.I, Holcim cement (Portland
Type 1P), fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, and water. Some of these materials can be easily
seen in the household (Figure 1) and some were bought from a nearby stores, especially the
coarse aggregate and the cement (Figure 2-4).
Figure 1. Pail, Large tin can, Trow el, Measuring dev ice,
Shov el, Slump set, Plain sheet
Figure 6. Weighing of Cement, Fine Sand, Coarse Aggregate According to 1:2:4 Ratio
Figure 11. Dampening and Scraping the Excess Figure 12. Placing Newly Mixed Concrete on the
Cement on the Slump Set Slump Cone
The slump cone was dampened and was held firmly in place during filling by the
operator standing between the two foot pieces (See Figure 12). The mixed concrete was
placed in three layers, each was approximately one-third (1/3) the volume of the slump cone.
In every layer, 25 blows were rod using the tamper in a clockwise direction from the sides of
the slump cone to the center in order to distribute uniformly the mixed concrete. In filling and
rodding the top layer, heap the concrete above the mold before rodding is started. After
rodding the top layer, strike off the surface of the concrete with a trowel (See Figure 13).
Figure 13. Smoothing the Surface Figure 14. Cleaning the Outside Figure 15. Pulling Up the Cone
of the Concrete Surface of the Cone
In Figure 14, the surface outside the base of the cone was cleaned in order to rid any
excess concrete. Then the cone was immediately removed from the concrete by raising it
slowly in a vertical direction as seen in Figure 15.
IV. MEASURING THE SLUMP
By inverting the slump cone and putting the tamping rod at the top of it, t he slump was
measured immediately by determining the difference between the height of the cone and
the height of the vertical axis of the concrete.
Each group was given the same amount of fine sand, coarse aggregate and cement
but different water-cement ratio. Water is the key ingredient. Too much water results in weak
concrete. Too little water results in concrete that is unworkable. As a result, the concrete slump
type and value of each group differs from one another.
The amount of water is computed by the use of the formula:
=
Where:
2. Pavements 20-30
100
80
60
40
20
0
Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5
Slump Value (in mm) 0 0 35 70 100
The slump value of each group was reflected in this graph. This graph shows that the
higher the amount of water, the higher the slump value will be. Group 5 has the highest amount
of water among the 5 groups, this resulted into a collapsed slump with a slump value of 100
mm. On the other hand, Group 1 and 2 are the groups with the smallest quantity of wat er, and
this resulted into a zero slump.
CONCLUSION
Concreting involves many high risk manual tasks with a range of risk factors that are
largely impacted on by design issues. In this activity, water plays a major role that influence
the results of the slump type. Too much water resulted into a sloppy and weak concrete, it will
then resulted into a collapsed slump or a shear slump. Too little water resulted into a stiff and
unworkable concrete. A very stiff mix will have a zero slump. Lean mixes tend to be harsh and
slumps can vary from true to shear in different sample of the same mixes.
It is concluded that a proper water-cement ratio must be used in order to obtain a
more workable concrete mix that can be used in any type of concrete. One important
difference with concrete is that the longer you allow the concrete to continue to mix before
you pull up the cone, the stiffer it will be and the less it will slump when the cone is removed.
It then reveals that, sooner or later, all concrete mixtures will reach zero slump if you miss the
fact that slump changes with time and can create misdiagnosis.
PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED
RECOMMENDATIONS
It is recommended that:
1. The side of the cone must be tap properly while filling the cone with concrete mix in
order to minimize air bubbles.
2. Slowly add the water into the dry ingredients in order to prevent spilling where the water
might run the cement off.
3. Pull up the cone immediately right after smoothing the surface of the mix, in order to
get the correct result of the sample.
4. Prevent the operator standing between the two foot pieces of the slump cone from
moving in order to ensure the stability of the slump inside the cone.
REFERENCES
Slump Test of Concret e. (2016, December 24). Retrieved from Daily Civil:
www.dailycivil.com/concrete-slump-test/