G.

ANALYSIS AND EXPLANATIONS

Haloform reaction
The fifth experiment is about haloform reaction , in this experiment conducted 2
experiment, which adding acetone and isopropyl alcohol. This experiment is
aimed to distinguish aldehydes and ketones compound based on the ability to
produce haloform compounds that composed of trihalomethyl is iodoform in a
base atmosphere.
The first experiment on haloform reaction is using acetone, which 3 ml of 5%
sodium hydroxide that colorless is pour into test tube 1 and adding 5 drops of
acetone that colorless, which the color of solution still colorless. Sodium
hydroxide in this experiment is a catalysator which as discontinuance of methyl
group that bounded in carbonyl atom. Ion hydroxide from sodium hydroxide will
react equilibrium with acetone and ion hydrogen in methyl group of acetone
deprotonized become anion. The reaction of deprotonized is:

+ OH- H3C CH2-

And then adding 10 ml of iodium solution that brownish red color as a halogen
compound and the solution is shaking until the color of iodium isnt lost again.
An anion will react with iodine. When the first iod atom is bonded with anion,
residue of hydrogen methyl will become more acid, so deprotonize will happen
and make react with iod. Therefore all of residue hydrogen atom in acetone will
be replace by iod atom with irreversible reaction and formed tri-iodo (CH3COCI3-
). The reaction is:

O
O O

I2 I2
H3C CH2- H3C CH2I + OH- H3C CHI-

O O O

I2
H3C CHI2 + OH- H3C CI2- H3C CI3

Base atmosphere caused is increment hydroxyl group in carbonyl so formed an

anion in reversible reaction. This anion can react with ion hydroxide in reversible
reaction and produced acetone again, which acetone can produce this anion. So
there is cycle of this anion. But this anion also can caused elimination of CI3-
anion . After elimination , CI3- anion take 1 proton to form iodoform (CHI3). The
reaction is :
 O O- O
OH- H3C CI3
H3C CI3 OH H3C OH + -CI3
O

H3C O- + CHI3 (Iodoform)

Based on the observation , the color of solution change become yellow color and
turbid. The solution has odor like medicine, especially like iodine(antiseptic). The
solution is allowed to get precipitate, and after a few minutes the solution is
precipitate. Yellow precipitate formation show the positive result of test. The
mechanism reaction of experiment is: