Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
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Mr. S. S. Basavaraj1, Ms. Nikita Mali2, Ms. Ashwini Mohite3, Ms. Swapnali Patil4
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AbstractThis paper presents the idea of the Controlling than driving a car. After one year on your segway personal
Of personal Transport Vehicle. As the price of petroleum transport you would have literally saved a ton of co 2
products shoots up, there is an imminent need for cheaper released into the atmosphere. The Personal Transport
and more efficient form of transport. Even major industries (PT) Vehicle is a vehicle which has two coaxial wheels
and factories that span over large areas restrict the use of driven independently by a motor. If the rider accelerates
transport by their employees within their premises to avoid the accelerator, the speed of motor increases and if rider
the risk of contamination due to emissions. Manufacturers reaccelerated the accelerator, then speed of motor
have a great need for competence in the field of hybrid decreases to obtain balancing. Turning is done with the
vehicle technology or even fully electrical vehicle technology help of limit switches which are connected to the handle
as a step towards fulfilling these goals. These new vehicles bar of PTV. It is robust enough to accept riders of different
are complex machines and require engineering competence weights and responsive enough to provide adequate
in many fields; mechanics, vehicle dynamics, automatic balancing for different riders and riding styles.
control, power electronics, battery technology, software
engineering, network and communication engineering to 1.1 Proposed Work
name a few. To overcome the disadvantage of present methods of
The above problem and that of space constraints is personal transporting, we are going to develop a
overcome with the concept of personal transport vehicle. controlling system of a personal transport vehicle which
will reduce the use of fossile fuel vehicles.
For controlling purpose we are using arduino uno
Key Words: (Arduino uno board, dc motors, motor
board. The arduino receives inputs from the accelerator
drivers, batteries, accelerator, limit switches)
and two limit switches. Out of the two limit switches, one
limit switch is connected at right side and one is connected
at the left side. The accelerator is used for changing the
1 INTRODUCTION speed and limit switches are used for turning purpose.
According to the signals which are given to the arduino
In our daily life when we have to travel a small distance board from the accelerator or limit switches, the arduino
i.e. about 20 Km we use two wheeler vehicle which is not uno controls the vehicle. The controlled output signals
economical as well as creates pollution in the environment from the arduino uno are given to the motor drivers of the
which is dangerous to human life. It has also harmful vehicle. The motor drivers receive the signals from the
effects on animals. So, someone needs to take care of arduino board and according to that signals the motor
humans as well as animals. So to overcome above driver controls the speed of the motor.
problems we are going to design a self-balancing vehicle
for Personal Transport as well as it can be used in
shopping malls, in non-polluting zone, in the industry for 2 SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT
material transport. If we are able to replace 10% of 900 System development will consist of following parts:
million 3 mile car trips with an eco-friendly personal 1. Arduino Uno Board(ATMega 328)
transport. There would be 6.2 million fewer gallons of gas 2. Two DC motors
consumed 286 million fewer pounds of co2 emitted every 3. Two motor drivers
day. It does draw electric power during recharge, but that 4. Accelerator
electricity causes 14 times less greenhouse gas emission 5. Two limit switches
2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1387
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 03 | Mar -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
The board can operate on an external supply of 6 to 20 Fig-1: Arduino Uno Controller
volts. If supplied with less than 7V, however, the 5Vpin
may supply less than five volts and the board may be
unstable. If using more than 12V, the voltage regulator 2.2 DC motors
may overheat and damage the board. The recommended A DC motor is any of a class of rotary electrical machines
range is 7 to 12 volts. that converts direct current electrical power into
mechanical power. The most common types rely on the
1. Atmel Atmega 328P is the heart of UNO version
forces produced by magnetic fields. Nearly all types of DC
Arduino.
motors have some internal mechanism, either
2. This 28 pin microcontroller features 20 MIPS
electromechanical or electronic; to periodically change the
throughput capability at 20 MHZ.
direction of current flow in part of the motor.
3. Input/Output:
Requirements:
Three Port: PORT B, PORT C, PORT D of
total 23 I/o pins. Bidirectional
ADC pins: A0 to A5
USART: PD0(RXD) PDI(TXD) Rotate at low speeds
PWM: OC0A, OC1A, OC1B, OC2A, OC2B
4. Chip operates in between 1.8V to 5.5V Low backlash
5. Port features:
Mounting points present
6 channel 10 bit Analog to Digital
Master/slave SPI serial interface Both motors need similar operating specification.
Six PWM Channels
Byte-oriented 2 Wire serial interface 2.3 Motor Driver
Programmable watchdog timer Motor is an electrical machine which converts electrical
Programmable serial USART/UART energy into mechanical energy. The principle of working
of DC motor is that whenever a current carrying
conductor is placed in a magnetic field, it experiences a
mechanical force.
2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1388
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 03 | Mar -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
(PWM) is one method of communicating between a stopped to the left wheel. But current flowing right
microcontroller and a motor driver. By sending a train of side circuit so that vehicle take the turn
pulses at regular intervals and varying the width of the
pulses, the motor controller is able to interpret this pulse Requirements:
width as a requested motor duty level.
High sensitivity.
Requirements: Support to the controller for turning.
Quick and accurate response.
Either be one driver per motor or one driver that Less cost.
controls both the motors.
Be able to drive motors bi-directionally. 2.6 Battery
PWM preferred over current or voltage limiting drive Three categories of energy storage technologies have been
modes. used in commercial electric vehicles: batteries,
Accept inputs from microcontroller. combustion-powered generators (as in hybrid vehicles),
and fuel cells. Generator-powered hybrids and fuel cells
2.4 Accelerator are not commercially viable for personal electric vehicles
Accelerator is used to accelerate (increases the speed). In at this time. Therefore, batteries of various types are the
PTV accelerator is placed on the handle bar. When the principal means of energy storage available to the
user starts the vehicle and accelerates the accelerator PTV personal electric vehicle designer.
start running in forward direction. The accelerator is
connected to the controller and controller takes the power The runtime of PTV is dependent on the capacity of the on-
supply from the battery and controls both the motors at board power supply. Batteries were quickly determined to
the same speed. be the simplest way to provide on-board power.
Requirements: Requirements:
2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1389
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 03 | Mar -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
BIOGRAPHIES
1. Mr. S. S. Basavaraj: Assistant Professor,
Electronics and Telecommunication department
of Annasaheb dange College of Engineering and
Technology Ashta. Maharashtra, India.
M.Tech(Digital Communications), Area of
specialization- Communication, Microelectronics.
is connected at the left side and one limit switch is 4. Ms. Patil Swapnali Subhash: Appeared B.E at
connected at the right side. When the rider wants to turn Electronic and Telecommunication Department of
at the left side, then the rider moves the handle bar of the Annasaheb Dange College of Engineering and
PTV to the left side. Then the signal from the left limit Technology, Ashta. Maharashtra, India.
switch goes low and then the left motor goes off and the
turning gets happen. When the rider wants to turn at the
right side, then the rider moves the handle bar of the PTV
to the right side. Then the signal from the right limit
switch goes low and then the right motor goes off and the
turning gets happen.
4 CONCLUSIONS
By implementing this project we can able to control the
personal transport vehicle. By using personal transport
vehicle we can reduce the use of fossile fuel based
vehicles. The personal transport vehicle provides the
pollution free environment.
REFERENCES
[1] Fabrication & Modelling of Segway, Mohammad
Haris Khan, Mehakchoudhary, Taimoor Tariq, Qurat-
Ul-Ain Fatima,UmerIzhar, International conference on
mechatronics and automation, Tianjin, China, 2014.
Page No. 280-285.
[2] Mechanical Segway, Ankit S. Khanzode, Ashish G.
Manse, Akshay P. Tale, International Journal OfEngg.
And Technical Research, 2016, Page No. 92-96.
[3] Segway Electric Vehicle, Mohammad Umar Draz,
Mohshinshahir Ali, IEEE, 2012, Page o. 34-39.
[4] Design of Two Wheeled Electric Vehicle,
Dr.KutulkBilagArkin, 2011, Page No. 1-59.
2017, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 5.181 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 1390