2010 Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

This material is protected under all copyright laws as they currently

exist. No portion of this material may be reproduced, in any form or by any means, without permission in writing from the publisher.

125. A particle is moving along a straight line with the

acceleration a = (12t 3t1/2) ft>s2, where t is in seconds.
Determine the velocity and the position of the particle as a
function of time. When t = 0, v = 0 and s = 15 ft.

Velocity:
+ B
A: dv = a dt
v t
dv = A 12t - 3t1>2 B dt
L0 L0

v t
v0 = A 6t2 - 2t3>2 B 2
0

v = A 6t2 - 2t3>2 B ft>s Ans.

Position: Using this result and the initial condition s = 15 ft at t = 0 s,

+ B
A: ds = v dt
s t
ds = A 6t2 - 2t3>2 B dt
L15 ft L0
s 4 5>2 2 t
s15 ft = a 2t3 - t b
5 0

4 5>2
s = a 2t3 - t + 15b ft Ans.
5

126. A ball is released from the bottom of an elevator

which is traveling upward with a velocity of 6 ft>s. If the ball
strikes the bottom of the elevator shaft in 3 s, determine the
height of the elevator from the bottom of the shaft at the
instant the ball is released. Also, find the velocity of the ball
when it strikes the bottom of the shaft.

Kinematics: When the ball is released, its velocity will be the same as the elevator at
the instant of release. Thus, v0 = 6 ft>s. Also, t = 3 s, s0 = 0, s = -h, and
ac = -32.2 ft>s2.

1
A+cB s = s0 + v0t + a t2
2 c
1
-h = 0 + 6(3) + (-32.2) A 32 B
2
h = 127 ft Ans.

A+cB v = v0 + act

v = 6 + (-32.2)(3)

= - 90.6 ft>s = 90.6 ft>s T Ans.

3
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1210. Car A starts from rest at t = 0 and travels along a 60 ft/s

straight road with a constant acceleration of 6 ft>s2 until it A B
reaches a speed of 80 ft>s. Afterwards it maintains this
speed. Also, when t = 0, car B located 6000 ft down the
road is traveling towards A at a constant speed of 60 ft>s.
Determine the distance traveled by car A when they pass 6000 ft
each other.

Distance Traveled: Time for car A to achives y = 80 ft>s can be obtained by

applying Eq. 124.
+ B
A: y = y0 + ac t
80 = 0 + 6t
t = 13.33 s

The distance car A travels for this part of motion can be determined by applying
Eq. 126.
+ B
A: y2 = y20 + 2ac (s - s0)
802 = 0 + 2(6)(s1 - 0)
s1 = 533.33 ft

For the second part of motion, car A travels with a constant velocity of y = 80 ft>s
and the distance traveled in t = (t1 - 13.33) s (t1 is the total time) is
+ B
A: s2 = yt = 80(t1 - 13.33)

Car B travels in the opposite direction with a constant velocity of y = 60 ft>s and
the distance traveled in t1 is
+ B
A: s3 = yt1 = 60t1

It is required that

s1 + s2 + s3 = 6000
533.33 + 80(t1 - 13.33) + 60t1 = 6000
t1 = 46.67 s

The distance traveled by car A is

sA = s1 + s2 = 533.33 + 80(46.67 - 13.33) = 3200 ft Ans.

5
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1214. A particle travels along a straight-line path such

that in 4 s it moves from an initial position sA = -8 m to a
position sB = +3 m. Then in another 5 s it moves from sB to
sC = -6 m. Determine the particles average velocity and
average speed during the 9-s time interval.

Average Velocity: The displacement from A to C is s = sC - SA = -6 - (-8)

= 2 m.

s 2
yavg = = = 0.222 m>s Ans.
t 4 + 5

Average Speed: The distances traveled from A to B and B to C are

sA : B = 8 + 3 = 11.0 m and sB : C = 3 + 6 = 9.00 m, respectively. Then, the
total distance traveled is sTot = sA : B + sB : C = 11.0 - 9.00 = 20.0 m.

sTot 20.0
A ysp B avg = = = 2.22 m>s Ans.
t 4 + 5

1215. Tests reveal that a normal driver takes about 0.75 s v1 44 ft/s
before he or she can react to a situation to avoid a collision.
It takes about 3 s for a driver having 0.1% alcohol in his
system to do the same. If such drivers are traveling on a
straight road at 30 mph (44 ft>s) and their cars can
decelerate at 2 ft>s2, determine the shortest stopping
distance d for each from the moment they see the d
pedestrians. Moral: If you must drink, please dont drive!

Stopping Distance: For normal driver, the car moves a distance of

d = yt = 44(0.75) = 33.0 ft before he or she reacts and decelerates the car. The
stopping distance can be obtained using Eq. 126 with s0 = d = 33.0 ft and y = 0.
+ B
A: y2 = y20 + 2ac (s - s0)

02 = 442 + 2(-2)(d - 33.0)

d = 517 ft Ans.

For a drunk driver, the car moves a distance of d = yt = 44(3) = 132 ft before he
or she reacts and decelerates the car. The stopping distance can be obtained using
Eq. 126 with s0 = d = 132 ft and y = 0.
+ B
A: y2 = y20 + 2ac (s - s0)

02 = 442 + 2(-2)(d - 132)

d = 616 ft Ans.

8
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*1216. As a train accelerates uniformly it passes

successive kilometer marks while traveling at velocities of
2 m>s and then 10 m>s. Determine the trains velocity when
it passes the next kilometer mark and the time it takes to
travel the 2-km distance.

Kinematics: For the first kilometer of the journey, v0 = 2 m>s, v = 10 m>s, s0 = 0,

and s = 1000 m. Thus,
+ B
A: v2 = v0 2 + 2ac (s - s0)

102 = 22 + 2ac (1000 - 0)

ac = 0.048 m>s2

For the second kilometer, v0 = 10 m>s, s0 = 1000 m, s = 2000 m, and

0.048 m>s2. Thus,
+ B
A: v2 = v0 2 + 2ac (s - s0)

v2 = 102 + 2(0.048)(2000 - 1000)

v = 14 m>s Ans.

For the whole journey, v0 = 2 m>s, v = 14 m>s, and 0.048 m>s2. Thus,
+ B
A: v = v0 + act

14 = 2 + 0.048t

t = 250 s Ans.

1217. A ball is thrown with an upward velocity of 5 m>s

from the top of a 10-m high building. One second later
another ball is thrown vertically from the ground with a
velocity of 10 m>s. Determine the height from the ground
where the two balls pass each other.

Kinematics: First, we will consider the motion of ball A with (vA)0 = 5 m>s,
(sA)0 = 0, sA = (h - 10) m, tA = t , and ac = -9.81 m>s2. Thus,

1
A+cB sA = (sA)0 + (vA)0 tA + actA 2
2
1
h - 10 = 0 + 5t + (-9.81)(t)2
2
h = 5t - 4.905(t)2 + 10 (1)

Motion of ball B is with (vB)0 = 10 m>s, (sB)0 = 0, sB = h, tB = t - 1 and

ac = -9.81 m>s2. Thus,

1
A+cB sB = (sB)0 + (vB)0 tB + ac tB 2
2
1
h = 0 + 10(t - 1) + (-9.81)(t - 1)2
2
h = 19.81t - 4.905(t)2 - 14.905 (2)

Solving Eqs. (1) and (2) yields

h = 4.54 m Ans.

t = 1.68 m

9
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*1248. The as graph for a jeep traveling along a straight a (m/s2)

road is given for the first 300 m of its motion. Construct the
vs graph. At s = 0, v = 0.

s (m)
200 300

a s Graph: The function of acceleration a in terms of s for the interval

0 m s 6 200 m is

a - 0 2 - 0
= a = (0.01s) m>s2
s - 0 200 - 0

For the interval 200 m 6 s 300 m,

a - 2 0 - 2
= a = (- 0.02s + 6) m>s2
s - 200 300 - 200

Ys Graph: The function of velocity y in terms of s can be obtained by applying

ydy = ads. For the interval 0 m s<200 m,

ydy = ds
y s
ydy = 0.01sds
L0 L0

y = (0.1s) m>s

At s = 200 m, y = 0.100(200) = 20.0 m>s

For the interval 200 m 6 s 300 m,

ydy = ads
y s
ydy = (-0.02s + 6)ds
L20.0m>s L200m

y = A 2 -0.02s2 + 12s - 1200 B m>s

At s = 300 m, y = 2-0.02(3002) + 12(300) - 1200 = 24.5 m>s

34
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1290. A projectile is fired with a speed of v = 60 m>s at y

an angle of 60. A second projectile is then fired with the
same speed 0.5 s later. Determine the angle u of the second v 60 m/s
projectile so that the two projectiles collide. At what
position (x, y) will this happen?
60 v 60 m/s y
u
x
x

x-Motion: For the motion of the first projectile, vx = 60 cos 60 = 30 m>s, x0 = 0,

and t = t1. Thus,
+ B
A: x = x0 + vxt

x = 0 + 30t1 (1)

For the motion of the second projectile, vx = 60 cos u, x0 = 0, and t = t1 - 0.5.

Thus,
+ B
A: x = x0 + vxt

x = 0 + 60 cos u(t1 - 0.5) (2)

y-Motion: For the motion of the first projectile, vy = 60 sin 60 = 51.96 m>s, y0 = 0,
and ay = -g = -9.81 m>s2. Thus,
1 2
A+cB y = y0 + vyt + at
2 y
1
y = 0 + 51.96t1 + (-9.81)t1 2
2
y = 51.96t1 - 4.905t1 2 (3)

For the motion of the second projectile, vy = 60 sin u, y0 = 0, and

ay = -g = -9.81 m>s2. Thus,

1 2
A+cB y = y0 + vyt + at
2 y

1
y = 0 + 60 sin u(t1 - 0.5) + ( -9.81)(t1 - 0.5)2
2

y = (60 sin u)t1 - 30 sin u - 4.905 t1 2 + 4.905t1 - 1.22625 (4)

Equating Eqs. (1) and (2),

30t1 = 60 cos u(t1 - 0.5)

cos u
t1 = (5)
2 cos u - 1

Equating Eqs. (3) and (4),

51.96t1 - 4.905t1 2 = (60 sin u)t1 - 30 sin u - 4.905t1 2 + 4.905t1 - 1.22625

(60 sin u - 47.06)t1 = 30 sin u + 1.22625

30 sin u + 1.22625
t1 = (6)
60 sin u - 47.06

72
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1290. Continued

Equating Eqs. (5) and (6) yields

cos u 30 sin u + 1.22625

=
2 cos u - 1 60 sin u - 47.06

49.51 cos u - 30 sin u = 1.22625

Solving by trial and error,

u = 57.57 = 57.6 Ans.

Substituting this result into Eq. (5) (or Eq. (6)),

cos 57.57
t1 = = 7.3998 s
2 cos 57.57 - 1

Substituting this result into Eqs. (1) and (3),

x = 30(7.3998) = 222 m Ans.

y = 51.96(7.3998) - 4.905 A 7.39982 B = 116 m Ans.

73
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1281. A particle travels along the circular path from A y

to B in 1 s. If it takes 3 s for it to go from A to C, determine
its average velocity when it goes from B to C.

30 C
Position: The coordinates for points B and C are [30 sin 45, 30 - 30 cos 45] and 45
[30 sin 75, 30 - 30 cos 75]. Thus, 30 m

rB = (30 sin 45 - 0)i + [(30 - 30 cos 45) - 30]j

B
= {21.21i - 21.21j} m
x
A
rC = (30 sin 75 - 0)i + [(30 - 30 cos 75) - 30]j

= {28.98i - 7.765j} m

Average Velocity: The displacement from point B to C is rBC = rC - rB

= (28.98i - 7.765j) - (21.21i - 21.21j) = {7.765i + 13.45j} m.

rBC 7.765i + 13.45j

(vBC)avg = = = {3.88i + 6.72j} m>s Ans.
t 3 - 1

1282. A car travels east 2 km for 5 minutes, then north

3 km for 8 minutes, and then west 4 km for 10 minutes.
Determine the total distance traveled and the magnitude
of displacement of the car. Also, what is the magnitude of
the average velocity and the average speed?

Total Distance Traveled and Displacement: The total distance traveled is

s = 2 + 3 + 4 = 9 km Ans.

and the magnitude of the displacement is

r = 2(2 + 4)2 + 32 = 6.708 km = 6.71 km Ans.

Average Velocity and Speed: The total time is t = 5 + 8 + 10 = 23 min = 1380 s.

The magnitude of average velocity is

r 6.708 A 103 B
yavg = = = 4.86 m>s Ans.
t 1380

and the average speed is

s 9 A 103 B
A ysp B avg = = = 6.52 m>s Ans.
t 1380

67
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1261. The v -t graph of a car while traveling along a v (m/s)

road is shown. Draw the s-t and a -t graphs for the motion.

20

v 20 t (s)
0 t 5 a = = = 4 m>s2
t 5 5 20 30

v 20 - 20
5 t 20 a = = = 0 m>s2
t 20 - 5

v 0 - 20
20 t 30 a = = = -2 m>s2
t 30 - 20

From the vt graph at t1 = 5 s, t2 = 20 s, and t3 = 30 s,

1
s1 = A1 = (5)(20) = 50 m
2

s2 = A1 + A2 = 50 + 20(20 - 5) = 350 m

1
s3 = A1 + A2 + A3 = 350 + (30 - 20)(20) = 450 m
2

The equations defining the portions of the st graph are

s t
0 t 5s v = 4t; ds = v dt; ds = 4t dt; s = 2t2
L0 L0
s t
5 t 20 s v = 20; ds = v dt; ds = 20 dt; s = 20t - 50
L50 L5
s t
20 t 30 s v = 2(30 - t); ds = v dt; ds = 2(30 - t) dt; s = -t2 + 60t - 450
L350 L20

46
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1294. It is observed that the time for the ball to strike the vA
ground at B is 2.5 s. Determine the speed vA and angle uA at A uA
which the ball was thrown. 1.2 m
B
50 m
Coordinate System: The xy coordinate system will be set so that its origin coincides
with point A.

x-Motion: Here, (vA)x = vA cos uA, xA = 0, xB = 50 m, and t = 2.5 s. Thus,

+ B
A: xB = xA + (vA)xt
50 = 0 + vA cos uA(2.5)
vA cos uA = 20 (1)

y-Motion: Here, (vA)y = vA sin uA, yA = 0 , yB = -1.2 m, and ay = -g

= -9.81 m>s2. Thus,
1
A+cB yB = yA + (vA)y t + a t2
2 y
1
-1.2 = 0 + vA sin uA (2.5) + ( -9.81) A 2.52 B
2
vA sin uA = 11.7825 (2)

Solving Eqs. (1) and (2) yields

uA = 30.5 vA = 23.2 m>s Ans.

1295. If the motorcycle leaves the ramp traveling at 110 ft/s

110 ft>s, determine the height h ramp B must have so that 30
the motorcycle lands safely. 30 ft h
A B
350 ft
Coordinate System: The xy coordinate system will be set so that its origin coincides
with the take off point of the motorcycle at ramp A.

x-Motion: Here, xA = 0, xB = 350 ft, and (vA)x = 110 cos 30 = 95.26 ft>s. Thus,

+ B
A: xB = xA + (vA)xt
350 = 0 + 95.26t
t = 3.674 s

y-Motion: Here, yA = 0, yB = h - 30, (vA)y = 110 sin 30 = 55 ft>s, and ay = -g

= -32.2 ft>s2. Thus, using the result of t, we have

1
A+cB yB = yA + (vA)yt + a t2
2 y
1
h - 30 = 0 + 55(3.674) + (-32.2) A 3.6742 B
2
h = 14.7 ft Ans.

77
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12102. A golf ball is struck with a velocity of 80 ft>s as

shown. Determine the distance d to where it will land.

vA 80 ft/s
Horizontal Motion: The horizontal component of velocity is (y0)x = 80 cos 55
B
= 45.89 ft>s.The initial and final horizontal positions are (s0)x = 0 and sx = d cos 10,
respectively. 45
A 10
+ B
A: sx = (s0)x + (y0)x t d

d cos 10 = 0 + 45.89t [1]

Vertical Motion: The vertical component of initial velocity is (y0)y = 80 sin 55

= 65.53 ft>s. The initial and final vertical positions are (s0)y = 0 and sy = d sin 10,
respectively.
1
(+ c ) sy = (s0)y + (y0)y t + (a ) t2
2 cy
1
d sin 10 = 0 + 65.53t + (-32.2)t2 [2]
2
Solving Eqs. [1] and [2] yields

d = 166 ft Ans.
t = 3.568 s

12103. The football is to be kicked over the goalpost,

which is 15 ft high. If its initial speed is vA = 80 ft>s,
h
determine if it makes it over the goalpost, and if so, by how
vA 80 ft/s
much, h. B
15 ft
60 y
45
Horizontal Motion: The horizontal component of velocity is (y0)x = 80 cos 60
x
= 40.0 ft>s. The initial and final horizontal positions are (s0)x = 0 and sx = 25 ft, 25 ft 30 ft
respectively.
+ B
A: sx = (s0)x + (y0)x t

25 = 0 + 40.0t
t = 0.625 s

Vertical Motion: The vertical component of initial velocity is (y0)y = 80 sin 60

= 69.28 ft>s. The initial and final vertical positions are (s0)y = 0 and sy = H,
respectively.
1
A+cB sy = (s0)y + (y0)y t + (a ) t2
2 cy
1
H = 0 + 69.28(0.625) + (-32.2) A 0.6252 B
2
H = 37.01 ft

Since H 7 15 ft , the football is kicked over the goalpost. Ans.

h = H - 15 = 37.01 - 15 = 22.0 ft Ans.

83
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12106. The boy at A attempts to throw a ball over the C

roof of a barn such that it is launched at an angle uA = 40.
Determine the minimum speed vA at which he must throw
the ball so that it reaches its maximum height at C. Also,
8m
find the distance d where the boy must stand so that he can vA
make the throw. A uA
1m

Vertical Motion: The vertical components of initial and final velocity are
d 4m
(y0)y = (yA sin 40) m>s and yy = 0, respectively. The initial vertical position is
(s0)y = 1 m.

A+cB yy = (y0) + ac t

0 = yA sin 40 + ( -9.81) t [1]

1
A+cB sy = (s0)y + (y0)y t + (a ) t2
2 cy
1
8 = 1 + yA sin 40t + (-9.81) t2 [2]
2
Solving Eqs. [1] and [2] yields
yA = 18.23 m>s = 18.2 m>s Ans.
t = 1.195 s

Horizontal Motion: The horizontal component of velocity is (y0)x = yA cos uA

= 18.23 cos 40 = 13.97 m>s. The initial and final horizontal positions are (s0)x = 0
and sx = (d + 4) m, respectively.
+ B
A: sx = (s0)x + (y0)x t
d + 4 = 0 + 13.97(1.195)
d = 12.7 m Ans.

12107. The fireman wishes to direct the flow of water

A
from his hose to the fire at B. Determine two possible u
angles u1 and u2 at which this can be done. Water flows from vA
the hose at vA = 80 ft>s.
20 ft

+ B
A: s = s0 + v0 t B

35 = 0 + (80) cos u

1 2
A+cB s = s0 + v0 t + at 35 ft
2 c

1
-20 = 0 - 80 sin u t + ( -32.2)t2
2

Thus,
0.4375 0.1914
20 = 80 sin u t + 16.1
cos u cos2 u
20 cos2 u = 17.5 sin 2u + 3.0816

Solving,
u1 = 25.0 (below the horizontal) Ans.
u2 = 85.2 (above the horizontal) Ans.

85
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12113. Determine the maximum constant speed a

race car can have if the acceleration of the car cannot
exceed 7.5 m>s2 while rounding a track having a radius of
curvature of 200 m.

Acceleration: Since the speed of the race car is constant, its tangential component of
acceleration is zero, i.e., at = 0. Thus,

v2
a = an =
r
v2
7.5 =
200
n = 38.7 m>s Ans.

12114. An automobile is traveling on a horizontal

circular curve having a radius of 800 ft. If the acceleration of
the automobile is 5 ft>s2, determine the constant speed at
which the automobile is traveling.

Acceleration: Since the automobile is traveling at a constant speed, at = 0.

y2
Thus, an = a = 5 ft>s2. Applying Eq. 1220, an = , we have
r

y = 2ran = 2800(5) = 63.2 ft>s Ans.

12115. A car travels along a horizontal circular curved

road that has a radius of 600 m. If the speed is uniformly
increased at a rate of 2000 km>h2, determine the magnitude
of the acceleration at the instant the speed of the car is
60 km>h.

2
2000 km 1000 m 1h
at = b a b a b = 0.1543 m>s2
h2 1 km 3600 s

60 km 1000 m 1h
y = a ba ba b = 16.67 m>s
h 1 km 3600 s

y2 16.672
an = = = 0.4630 m>s2
r 600

a = 2a2t + a2n = 20.15432 + 0.46302 = 0.488 m>s2 Ans.

89
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12118. Starting from rest, the motorboat travels around

the circular path, r = 50 m, at a speed v = (0.2t2) m>s, r 50 m
where t is in seconds. Determine the magnitudes of the
boats velocity and acceleration at the instant t = 3 s.

Velocity: When t = 3 s, the boat travels at a speed of

v
y = 0.2 A 32 B = 1. 80 m>s Ans.
#
Acceleration: The tangential acceleration is at = y = (0.4t) m>s2. When t = 3 s,

at = 0.4 (3) = 1.20 m>s2

To determine the normal acceleration, apply Eq. 1220.

y2 1.802
an = = = 0.0648 m>s2
r 50
Thus, the magnitude of acceleration is

a = 2a2t + a2n = 21.202 + 0.06482 = 1.20 m>s2 Ans.

12119. A car moves along a circular track of radius 250 ft,

and its speed for a short period of time 0 t 2 s is
v = 3(t + t2) ft>s, where t is in seconds. Determine the
magnitude of the cars acceleration when t = 2 s. How far
has it traveled in t = 2 s?

v = 3 A t + t2 B

dv
at = = 3 + 6t
dt

When t = 2 s,

at = 3 + 6(2) = 15 ft>s2

v2 C 3(2 + 22) D 2
an = = = 1.296 ft>s2
r 250

a = 2(15)2 + (1.296)2 = 15.1 ft>s2 Ans.

ds = v dt
2
ds = 3 A t + t2 B dt
L L0
2
3 2
s = t + t3 d
2 0

s = 14 ft Ans.

91
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12141. The truck travels along a circular road that has a

radius of 50 m at a speed of 4 m>s. For a short distance when
t = 0, its speed is then increased by at = (0.4t) m>s2, where
t is in seconds. Determine the speed and the magnitude of
the trucks acceleration when t = 4 s.

50 m

dy
Velocity: The speed y in terms of time t can be obtained by applying a = .
dt
dy = adt
y t
dy = 0.4tdt
L4 m>s L0
y = A 0.2t2 + 4 B m>s

When t = 4 s, y = 0.2 A 42 B + 4 = 7.20 m>s Ans.

Acceleration: The tangential acceleration of the truck when t = 4 s is

at = 0.4(4) = 1.60 m>s2. To determine the normal acceleration, apply Eq. 1220.

y2 7.202
an = = = 1.037 m>s2
r 50
The magnitude of the acceleration is

a = 2a2t + a2n = 21.602 + 1.0372 = 1.91 m>s2 Ans.

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12153. The ball is kicked with an initial speed y

vA = 8 m>s at an angle uA = 40 with the horizontal. Find
the equation of the path, y = f(x), and then determine the
normal and tangential components of its acceleration when
t = 0.25 s. vA = 8 m/s
y

uA 40
x
A x

Horizontal Motion: The horizontal component of velocity is (v0)x = 8 cos 40

= 6.128 m>s and the initial horizontal and final positions are (s0)x = 0 and sx = x,
respectively.
+ B
A: sx = (s0)x + (y0)x t

x = 0 + 6.128t [1]

Vertical Motion: The vertical component of initial velocity is (y0)y = 8 sin 40

= 5.143 m>s. The initial and final vertical positions are (s0)y = 0 and sy = y,
respectively.

1
A+cB sy = (s0)y + (y0)y t + (a ) t2
2 cy
1
y = 0 + 5.143t + ( -9.81) A t2 B [2]
2
Eliminate t from Eqs [1] and [2], we have

y = {0.8391x - 0.1306x2} m = {0.839x - 0.131x2} m Ans.

3.644
The tangent of the path makes an angle u = tan-1 = 42.33 with the x axis.
4

Acceleration: When t = 0.25 s, from Eq. [1], x = 0 + 6.128(0.25) = 1.532 m. Here,

dy dy
= 0.8391 - 0.2612x. At x = 1.532 m, = 0.8391 - 0.2612(1.532) = 0.4389
dx dx
and the tangent of the path makes an angle u = tan-1 0.4389 = 23.70 with the x axis.
The magnitude of the acceleration is a = 9.81 m>s2 and is directed downward. From
the figure, a = 23.70. Therefore,

at = a sin a = 9.81 sin 23.70 = 3.94 m>s2 Ans.

an = a cos a = 9.81 cos 23.70 = 8.98 m>s2 Ans.

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*12168. The car travels along the circular curve having a

radius r = 400
# ft. At the instant shown, its angular rate of
rotation
$ is u = 0.025 rad>s, which is decreasing at the rate
u = -0.008 rad>s2. Determine the radial and transverse
components of the cars velocity and acceleration at this r 400 ft
instant and sketch these components on the curve. .
u
# $
r = 400 r = 0 r = 0
#
u = 0.025 u = -0.008
#
vr = r = 0 Ans.
#
vu = ru = 400(0.025) = 10 ft>s Ans.
#
ar = r - r u2 = 0 - 400(0.025)2 = -0.25 ft>s2 Ans.

au = r u + 2 r u = 400(-0.008) + 0 = -3.20 ft>s2 Ans.

12169. The car travels along the circular curve of radius

# of v = 30 ft>s. Determine
r = 400 ft with a constant speed
the angular rate of rotation u of the radial line r and the
magnitude of the cars acceleration.
r 400 ft
# $ .
r = 400 ft r = 0 r = 0 u

vr = r = 0 vu = r u = 400a u b

# 2
v = 6(0)2 + a400 u b = 30

u = 0.075 rad>s Ans.

$
u = 0
$ #
ar = r - r u2 = 0 - 400(0.075)2 = -2.25 ft>s2
#
au = r u + 2 r u = 400(0) + 2(0)(0.075) = 0

a = 2(-2.25)2 + (0)2 = 2.25 ft>s2 Ans.

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12170. Starting from rest, the boy runs outward in the

radial direction from the center of the platform with a
2
u 0.2 rad/s
# of 0.5 m>s . If the platform is rotating
constant acceleration
r 0.5 m/s2
at a constant rate u = 0.2 rad>s, determine the radial and
transverse components of the velocity and acceleration of u
the boy when t = 3 s. Neglect his size.

Velocity: When t = 3 s, the position of the boy is given by

1
s = (s0)r + (y0)r t + (a ) t2
2 cr
1
r = 0 + 0 + (0.5) A 32 B = 2.25 m
2
The boys radial component of velocity is given by

yr = (y0)r + (ac)r t

= 0 + 0.5(3) = 1.50 m>s Ans.

The boys transverse component of velocity is given by

#
yu = ru = 2.25(0.2) = 0.450 m>s Ans.
# $ $
Acceleration: When t = 3 s, r = 2.25 m, r = yr = 1.50 m>s, r = 0.5 m>s2, u = 0.
Applying Eq. 1229, we have
$ #
ar = r - ru2 = 0.5 - 2.25 A 0.22 B = 0.410 m>s2 Ans.
$ #
au = ru + 2ru = 2.25(0) + 2(1.50)(0.2) = 0.600 m>s2 Ans.

12171. The small washer slides down the cord OA. When it z
is at the midpoint, its speed is 200 mm>s and its acceleration
is 10 mm>s2. Express the velocity and acceleration of the A
washer at this point in terms of its cylindrical components. v, a

OA = 2(400)2 + (300)2 + (700)2 = 860.23 mm 700 mm

z
OB = 2(400)2 + (300)2 = 500 mm O
u r y
500
vr = (200)a b = 116 mm>s 300 mm
860.23 400 mm
x
vu = 0
700
vz = (200)a b = 163 mm>s
860.23
Thus, v = {-116ur - 163uz} mm>s Ans.
500
ar = 10a b = 5.81
860.23
au = 0
700
az = 10 a b = 8.14
860.23
Thus, a = {-5.81ur - 8.14uz} mm>s2 Ans.

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12173. The peg moves in the curved slot defined by the r2 (4 sin 2 u)m2
lemniscate, and through
# the slot in the arm. At u = 30, the
angular
$ velocity is u = 2 rad>s, and the angular acceleration
is u = 1.5 rad>s2. Determine the magnitudes of the velocity
and acceleration of peg P at this instant.

r P

O
Time Derivatives: u

# #
2rr = 8 cos 2uu
#
# 4 cos 2uu #
r = m>s u = 2 rad>s
r

$ # $ #
2 a rr + r2 b = 8 a -2 sin 2uu + cos 2uu2 b

$ # #
$ 4 A cos 2uu - 2 sin 2uu2 B - r2 $
r = C S m>s2 u = 1.5 rad>s2
r

At u = 30,

ru = 30 = 24 sin 60 = 1.861 m
# (4 cos 60)(2)
ru = 30 = = 2.149 m>s
1.861

$ 4 C cos 60(1.5) - 2 sin 60 A 22 B D - (2.149)2

ru = 30 = = -15.76 m>s2
1.861
Velocity:
# #
vr = r = 2.149 m>s vu = ru = 1.861(2) = 3.722 m>s

Thus, the magnitude of the pegs velocity is

v = 2ar 2 + au 2 = 22.1492 + 3.7222 = 4.30 m>s Ans.

Acceleration:
$ #
a r = r - r u2 = -15.76 - 1.861 A 22 B = -23.20 m>s2
$ # #
au = ru + 2r u = 1.861(1.5) + 2(2.149)(2) = 11.39 m>s2

Thus, the magnitude of the pegs acceleration is

a = 2ar 2 + au 2 = 2(-23.20)2 + 11.392 = 25.8 m>s2 Ans.

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12198. If end A of the rope moves downward with a speed

of 5 m>s, determine the speed of cylinder B.

Position Coordinates: By referring to Fig. a, the length of the two ropes written in
terms of the position coordinates sA, sB, and sC are

sB + 2a + 2sC = l1

sB + 2sC = l1 - 2a (1) A

and 5 m/s
sA + (sA - sC) = l2

2sA - sC = l2 (2) B

Eliminating sC from Eqs. (1) and (2) yields

sB + 4sA = l1 - 2a + 2l2

Time Derivative: Taking the time derivative of the above equation,

A+TB vB + 4vA = 0

Here, vA = 5 m>s. Thus,

vB + 4(5) = 0

vB = -20 m>s = 20 m>s c Ans.

B C
12199. Determine the speed of the elevator if each
motor draws in the cable with a constant speed of 5 m>s.

Position Coordinates: By referring to Fig. a, the length of the two cables written in
terms of the position coordinates are

sE + (sE - sA) + sC = l1

2sE - sA + sC = l1 (1)

and
(sE - sB) + 2(sE - sC) = l2

3sE - sB - 2sC = l2 (2)

Eliminating sC from Eqs. (1) and (2) yields

7sE - 2sA - sB = 2l1 + l2

Time Derivative: Taking the time derivative of the above equation,

A+TB 7vE - 2vA - vB = 0

Here, vA = vB = -5 m>s. Thus,

7vE - C 2 A -5 B D - A -5 B = 0
vE = -2.14 m>s = 2.14 m>s c Ans.

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12210. The motor at C pulls in the cable with an D

acceleration aC = (3t2) m>s2, where t is in seconds. The
B
motor at D draws in its cable at aD = 5 m>s2. If both motors
start at the same instant from rest when d = 3 m, determine A
(a) the time needed for d = 0, and (b) the velocities of C
blocks A and B when this occurs. d3m

For A:

sA + (sA - sC) = l

2vA = vC

2aA = aC = -3t2

aA = -1.5t2 = 1.5t2 :

vA = 0.5t3 :

sA = 0.125t4 :

For B:

aB = 5 m>s2 ;

vB = 5t ;

sB = 2.5t2 ;

Require sA + sB = d

0.125t4 + 2.5t2 = 3

Set u = t2 0.125u2 + 2.5u = 3

The positive root is u = 1.1355. Thus,

t = 1.0656 = 1.07 s Ans.

vA = .0.5(1.0656)2 = 0.605 m>s Ans.

vB = 5(1.0656) = 5.33 m>s Ans.

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12217. Car B is traveling along the curved road with a

speed of 15 m>s while decreasing its speed at 2 m>s2. At this 25 m/s
A 45
same instant car C is traveling along the straight road with a
1.5 m/s2
speed of 30 m>s while decelerating at 3 m>s2. Determine the
velocity and acceleration of car B relative to car C. r 100 m 3 m/s2
30
2 m/s2 C
B 30 m/s

15 m/s

Velocity: The velocity of cars B and C expressed in Cartesian vector form are

vB = [15 cos 60 i - 15 sin 60 j] m>s = [7.5i - 12.99j] m>s

vC = [-30j] m>s

Applying the relative velocity equation,

vB = vC + vB>C

7.5i - 12.99j = -30j + vB>C

vB>C = [7.5i + 17.01j] m>s

Thus, the magnitude of vB/C is given by

vBC = 27.52 + 17.012 = 18.6 m>s Ans.

and the direction angle uv that vB/C makes with the x axis is

17.01
uv = tan - 1 a b = 66.2 Ans.
7.5

vB 2
Acceleration: The normal component of car Bs acceleration is (aB)n =
r
152
= = 2.25 m>s2. Thus, the tangential and normal components of car Bs
100
acceleration and the acceleration of car C expressed in Cartesian vector form are

(aB)t = [-2 cos 60 i + 2 sin 60j] = [-1i + 1.732j] m>s2

(aB)n = [2.25 cos 30 i + 2.25 sin 30 j] = [1.9486i + 1.125j] m>s2

aC = [3j] m>s2

Applying the relative acceleration equation,

aB = aC + aB>C

(-1i + 1.732j) + (1.9486i + 1.125j) = 3j + aB>C

aB>C = [0.9486i - 0.1429j] m>s2

Thus, the magnitude of aB/C is given by

aB>C = 20.94862 + (-0.1429)2 = 0.959 m>s2 Ans.

and the direction angle ua that aB/C makes with the x axis is

0.1429
ua = tan - 1 a b = 8.57 Ans.
0.9486

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12221. At the instant shown, cars A and B travel at speeds

of 30 mi>h and 20 mi>h, respectively. If B is increasing its
speed by 1200 mi>h2, while A maintains a constant speed, 30
determine the velocity and acceleration of B with respect to A. B
0.3 mi
vB 20 mi/h
A
vA 30 mi/h

vB = vA + vB>A
20 30
h = 30 + (vB/A)x + (vB/A )y
; : c

+ B
A: -20 sin 30 = -30 + (vB>A)x

A+cB 20 cos 30 = (vB>A)y

Solving

(vB>A)x = 20 :

(vB>A)y = 17.32 c

vB>A = 2(20)2 + (17.32)2 = 26.5 mi>h Ans.

17.32
u = tan - 1( ) = 40.9 au Ans.
20

(20)2
(aB)n = = 1333.3
0.3

aB = aA + aB>A
1200 30
1333.3
h + au = 0 + (aB>A )x + (aB>A)y
30 : c

+ B
A: -1200 sin 30 + 1333.3 cos 30 = (aB>A)x

A+cB 1200 cos 30 + 1333.3 sin 30 = (aB>A)y

Solving

(aB>A)x = 554.7 : ; (aB>A)y = 1705.9 c

aB>A = 2(554.7)2 + 1705.9)2 = 1.79(103) mi>h2 Ans.

1705.9
u = tan - 1( ) = 72.0 au Ans.
554.7

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12223. Two boats leave the shore at the same time and travel vA
in the directions shown. If vA = 20 ft>s and vB = 15 ft>s,
A
determine the velocity of boat A with respect to boat B. How
long after leaving the shore will the boats be 800 ft apart?
B vB
vA = vB + vA>B
30
-20 sin 30i + 20 cos 30j = 15 cos 45i + 15 sin 45j + vA>B
45
vA>B = {-20.61i + 6.714j} ft>s O

vA>B = 2( -20.61)2 + (+6.714)2 = 21.7 ft>s Ans.

6.714
u = tan - 1 ( ) = 18.0 b Ans.
20.61
(800)2 = (20 t)2 + (15 t)2 - 2(20 t)(15 t) cos 75

t = 36.9 s Ans.

Also
800 800
t = = = 36.9 s Ans.
vA>B 21.68

*12224. At the instant shown, cars A and B travel at speeds

of 70 mi>h and 50 mi>h, respectively. If B is increasing its speed
by 1100 mi>h2, while A maintains a constant speed, determine
the velocity and acceleration of B with respect to A. Car B
moves along a curve having a radius of curvature of 0.7 mi.
A
vA 70 mi/h
Relative Velocity: vB 50 mi/h

vB = vA + vB>A B
30
50 sin 30i + 50 cos 30j = 70j + vB>A

vB>A = {25.0i - 26.70j} mi>h

Thus, the magnitude of the relative velocity vB/A is

yB>A = 225.02 + (-26.70)2 = 36.6 mi>h Ans.

The direction of the relative velocity is the same as the direction of that for relative
acceleration. Thus
26.70
u = tan - 1 = 46.9 c Ans.
25.0

Relative Acceleration: Since car B is traveling along a curve, its normal

y2B 502
acceleration is (aB)n = = = 3571.43 mi>h2. Applying Eq. 1235 gives
r 0.7
aB = aA + aB>A

(1100 sin 30 + 3571.43 cos 30)i + (1100 cos 30 - 3571.43 sin 30)j = 0 + aB>A

aB>A = {3642.95i - 833.09j} mi>h2

Thus, the magnitude of the relative velocity aB/A is

aB>A = 23642.952 + (-833.09)2 = 3737 mi>h2 Ans.

And its direction is

833.09
f = tan - 1 = 12.9 c Ans.
3642.95

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