GARCIA,

JUSTIN ALBERT A. 4. What type of tissue is the dermis? What is

HUB41 responsible for its structural strength? How
does the dermis supply the epidermis with
1. Name the components of the integumentary blood?
system
a. Epidermis The dermis is composed of dense collagenous
i. Stratum basale connective tissue. Collagen is responsible for
ii. Intermediate Strata its structural strength. Blood is supplied to the
iii. Stratum corneum epidermis by diffusion from blood capillaries
b. Dermis present in the upper layers of the dermis.
c. Subcutaneous tissue
d. Hair 5. Name the cells that produce melanin. What
i. Hair follicle happens to the melanin after it is produced?
ii. Shaft What is the function of the melanin?
iii. Root
iv. Hair bulb Melanocytes produce melanin. Melanin is
v. Cortex distributed to the epidermis. Melanin serves as
vi. Cuticle a protection ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
vii. Arrector pili
e. Glands 6. Describe the factors that determine the
i. Sebaceous gland amount of melanin produced in the skin?
ii. Sweat glands
1. Eccrine Melanin production is influenced by hormones,
2. Apocrine immune, inflammatory factors, and brain
f. Nails signals. The amount of sunlight received by the
i. Nail body skin can also affect the amount of melanin
ii. Cuticle produced. Genes also dictate how much
iii. Nail matrix melanin should be in the skin, for example,
iv. Nail bed Caucasians have less melanin compared to
2. What kind of tissue is the epidermis? In which African-Americans who have darker skin.
stratum of the epidermis are new cells
formed? From which stratum are they 7. How do melanin, blood, carotene, and
sloughed? collagen affect skin color?

The epidermis tissue is stratified squamous Melanin is a dark to brown pigment that gives
epithelium. New cells are formed in the stratum the tone of the skin. Carotene is a orange-
basale. They are sloughed in the stratum yellow pigment that accumulates in the
corneum. epidermis and fatty tissues of the dermis.
Collagen fibers support the skin mechanical
3. Define keratinization. What structural changes strength and texture. Because it has a
does keratinization produce to make the skin mechanical function, collagen is subject to wear
resistant to abrasion and water loss? and tear. The quantity and quality of skin
collagen plays a major role in appearance.
It is the process of replacing the cytoplasm of
the outermost cells of epidermis with keratin. 8. What type of tissue is the subcutaneous tissue,
The cytoplasm is replaced by keratin which are and what are its functions?
strands of tough, fibrous, waterproof proteins.
The subcutaneous tissue is made of adipose
tissues, the function of the subcutaneous tissue
 is to thermally regulate and insulate the body. Sweat glands are responsible for cooling the
body. Apocrine glands release proteins and
9. What is a hair follicle? Define the root, shaft, lipids which causes body odor.
and hair bulb of a hair. What kinds of cells are
found in a hair? 15. Name the parts of a nail. Where are the cells
that make up the nail produced, and what kind
Hair follicle forms the hair shaft above the of cells make up a nail? What is the lunula?
surface of the skin, it anchors each hair into the Describe nail growth.
skin. The hair bulb forms the base of the hair
follicle. In the hair bulb, living cells divide and Free edge, nail body, lunula, cuticle, and nail
grow to build the hair shaft. Epidermal cells root, cuticle, and nail matrix. The cells that
form the root, and its division causes the hair to make up the nail are produced in the nail
grow. Cells in the hair are epidermal cell matrix. The lunula is the visible part of the
derivatives that are incorporated with keratin. matrix, the whitish crescent-shaped base of the
visible nail. Nails start in the nail root. Cells at
10. Why is a hair follicle important in the repair of the root of the nail grow, new nail cells push
skin? out the old nail cells. Old cells flatten and
harden, thanks to keratin, a protein made by
Stem cells in the hair follicle are enlisted to help these cells. The newly formed nail then slides
heal wounds in the skin. along the nail bed, the flat surface under your
nails.
11. What part of a hair is the site of hair growth?
What are the stages of hair growth? 16. How do the components of the integumentary
system provide protection?
The root of the hair is the site of hair growth.
Anagen, catagen, and telogen. The anagen The components of the integumentary system
stage is the growing period of a hair follicle. cover up all the underlying organs and parts of
The catagen stage is the intermediate period of the body. One example is the eyelid, it
hair growth. The telogen stage is the resting provides cover for the eye when we are
and shedding period of the hair cycle. sleeping, or when contaminants enters our
eyes.
12. What happens when the arrector pili of the
skin contract? 17. List the types of sensations detected by
receptors in the skin.
The hair straightens and points out vertically in a. Tactile
relation with its location. It is sometimes called b. Pressure
goosebumps. c. Temperature
d. Pain
13. What secretion do the sebaceous glands e. Vibration
produce? What is the function of the
secretion?

Sebaceous glands secrete oily substance. It
waterproofs and lubricates the skin and hair.

14. Which glands of the skin are responsible for
cooling the body? Which glands are involved
in producing body odor?