REFINERY CONTROL

Definitions
Liquor sugar solution which the material are
used in the refinery.
Refinery syrup combination of affination
syrup and last run-off.
Run-off syrup removed by centrifuging white
massecuite. It is classified as first, second,
third, fourth depending upon the grade of
massecuite it was obtained.
 Raw Sugar Quality
Polarization, % 97.5 min
Moisture. % 0.5 0.7
Safety Factor 0.25 max
Color, i.u. 3000 6000 max
Reducing sugar, % 0.6 0.7
Ash, % 0.3 0.5
Filterability (ml) 80 140
Mean aperture, mm 0.9 min
Coefficient of variation, % 25 max
 Affination Station
Affination syrup brix, deg 70 -75
Affination syrup, % AP 85 86
Affination syrup temp, oC 71.1 73.9
Magma brix, deg 89 91
Magma % AP 82 83
Magma pH 6.6 7.0
Magma temp, oC 43.3-48.9
Affined sugar color, iu 800 1500
Affination % color removal 70 75
 Carbonatation Station
Raw liquor, obrix 60 65
Raw liquor, pH 6.8 7.2
Raw liquor, temp. oC 71.1 76.7
Raw liquor, color, i.u. 1000 1700
Milk of lime, oBe 12 15
Lime liquor ratio, % CaO on solids 0.6 0.7
Lime liquor pH 10.5 12
1st carbonation liquor pH 9.3 9.5
1st carbonation liquor temp. oC 76.7 82.2
 Carbonatation Station
2nd carbonation liquor pH 8.3 8.5
2nd carbonation liquor temp. oC 79.44 85
Filtered Liquor brix 60 63
Filtered Liquor Temp 79.44
Filtered liquor 500 - 1000
Carbonatation % color removal 50 60
Filter cake, % Pol 1.0 1.5
Filter cake, % moisture 45 - 47
Flue gas, % CO2 9 - 12
 Centrifugal Station
Crystal yields, %:
1st massecuite 56 58
2nd massecuite 52 54
3rd massecuite 48 52
4th massecuite 48 52
Recovery House high remelt mass 45 50
Recovery House low remelt mass 40 45
AP reject syrup, % 40 45
Recovery house final molasses 30 - 42
Wash water temp 100 105 oC
Wet refined sugar % moisture 0.9 1.1
 Drier/Cooler Station
Discharged sugar temp 37.89 40.56oC
Discharged sugar drier temp 40.56oC
Discharged sugar cooler temp close to ambient
Discharged sugar moisture 0.02 0.04
Refinery Control Calculations
Theoretical Refining yield , Y
2P 100
Y= --------------- x F
100
where:
F = a constant factor to correct for the effect of
sugar attributes other than pol. Generally the value
taken is 0.9735
P = Pol of the sugar
Actual Refining yield
Lkg refined sugar produced
Refining ratio = -------------------------------------------------------
Lkg equivalent raw sugar processed
Tonnes production
% Refining yield = --------------------------------
Tons processed
where:
Tonnes production = actual refined sugar produced
= (refined sugar &/or refined sugar
equivalent of liquid sugar)
Tonnes processed = (Tonnes raw melt + Tonnes raw
equivalent of previous stock) -
(Tonnes raw sugar equi. pesent stock +
Tonnes available raw sugar in
Refinery syrup)
 Basic Principles:
Refinery Pol balance:
Tons Pol in Raw Sugar processed = Tons Pol in refined
sugar produced + Tons Pol lossesl

where: Tons Pol Losses are losses in Filter Mud, Molasses,

Sewer/sludge etc, and Undetermined