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* THIRD DIVISION.
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Same; Same; Same; There is no hard and fast rule which can
be applied to determine whether or not the principle of abuse of
rights may be invoked.There is however, no hard and fast rule
which can be applied to determine whether or not the principle of
abuse of rights may be invoked. The question of whether or not
the principle of abuse of rights has been violated, resulting in
damages under Articles 20 and 21 or other applicable provision of
law, depends on the circumstances of each case.
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BIDIN, J.:
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** Art. 19. Every person must, in the exercise of his rights and in the
performance of his duties, act with justice, give everyone his due, and
observe honesty and good faith.
Art. 20. Every person who, contrary to law, willfully or negli-gently causes
damage to another, shall indemnify the latter for the same.
Art. 21. Any person who willfully causes loss or injury to another in a manner
that is contrary to morals, good customs or public policy shall compensate the
latter for the damage.
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With the foregoing legal provisions (Articles 19, 20, and 21) in
focus, there is not much difficulty in ascertaining the means by
which appellants first assigned error should be resolved, given
the admitted fact that when there was an attempt to collect the
amount of P2,575.00, the defendants were explicitly warned that
plaintiff Eugenio S. Baltao is not the Eugenio Baltao defendants
had been dealing with (supra, p. 5). When the defendants
nevertheless insisted and persisted in filing a casea criminal
case no lessagainst plaintiff, said defendants ran afoul of the
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legal provisions (Articles 19, 20, and 21 of the Civil Code) cited by
the lower court and heretofore quoted (supra).
Defendants, not having been paid the amount of P2,575.00,
certainly had the right to complain. But that right is limited by
certain constraints. Beyond that limit is the area of excess, of
abuse of rights. (Rollo, pp. 44-45).
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