The author assumed the concept of a port renaissance advanced by great scholar on new

view on traditions port authority duties during the challenging port period. The author
based his argument with the creation of PPRN(port performance research Network). This
research group is said to have renewed the interest in the role of port authorities. Other
Research institutions like International association of Ports and Harbors(IAPH), The
American association of port Authority (AAPA), and European sea ports
organization(ESPO) all contributed in changing the dynamics and role of port authorities
in Europe and the world.[121]

The author further explored feature the functional concept of community or

cluster manager. This role advanced by De Langen[125,126] was based on the changing
nature of port communities and stakeholders. This change both had economic and societal
impacts which was linked to the stakeholders school of thought, given the fact that
stakeholders were more profit oriented and wanted a shift in power or full control of the
ports. Stakeholders saw port authority as a road block to their profit [44] agenda and wanted
to operate in a hands-free environment. [45,46]. The concept believed that if port
authorities could locally organize and commit to the wellbeing of the port area, their role
could easily be limited to the ports. The era of globalization saw a rise in port conflict
among market players. Most large firms limited their activities around the port areas and
had little or no interaction with the hinterland, and lack interest in cities surrounding the
ports and the local communities [127,128]. Friction could easily arise from cultural
differences between visitors and the local community because the stakeholders are more
profit oriented while the local community will want to safeguard their cultural values and
heritage sites.[129]. The concept saw education, training and marketing [133,134] as some
of the ways in accommodating conflicting interest so as to defend the license to
operate[133,134].