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Do you operate under a Quality Assurance System? No Yes If yes, which one?
Do you have a Property Management Plan / Whole Farm Plan? No Yes If yes, when was it completed?
If yes, which one and when was it
Have you completed a FarmSat or DairySat assessment?
No Yes completed?
Risk
Question Response Importance
Rating
High Medium Low Review N/A H, M, L
1. Geomorphological Features
Physical Characteristics or Risk
Karst
Are there any
Deflation Basins
significant Some geomorphological features are fragile and need special
geomorphological management to protect them.
Dunes (Lunettes)
features on the
1.1
property?
Other
many some none unsure
Details:
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PMP Risk Assessment - Soil
Risk
Question Response Importance
Rating
High Medium Low Review N/A H, M, L
Karst
Over what area of
the property are Deflation Basins
Knowing the extent of geomorphological features gives a better
these features
understanding of their significance in the landscape.
represented? Dunes (Lunettes)
1.2 Estimate for each
feature. Other
>5ha 1-5ha <1 ha unsure
Details:
Summary:
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PMP Risk Assessment - Soil
Risk
Question Response Importance
Rating
High Medium Low Review N/A H, M, L
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PMP Risk Assessment - Soil
Risk
Question Response Importance
Rating
High Medium Low Review N/A H, M, L
Summary:
Version 1,
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PMP Risk Assessment - Soil
Risk
Question Response Importance
Rating
High Medium Low Review N/A H, M, L
Summary:
Version 1,
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PMP Risk Assessment - Soil
Risk
Question Response Importance
Rating
High Medium Low Review N/A H, M, L
Version 1,
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PMP Risk Assessment - Soil
Risk
Question Response Importance
Rating
High Medium Low Review N/A H, M, L
Other soil health indicators such as structure scores, soil fauna,
penetration resistance and even feel or smell indicate the soil health
status. Records should be kept so trends can be noticed and acted
Is soil health monitored and are records kept
rarely sometimes usually unsure on.
3.4 for other indicators than provided by a
Details:
conventional soil test?
Summary:
Bare fallows pose the greatest risk for loss of organic carbon from
Are bare fallows (no stubble, pasture, or
soils.
crops for > 3 months) regularly used in usually sometimes rarely unsure
3.7 rotations in paddocks that are not in Details:
permanent pasture, long term crops or
trees?
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PMP Risk Assessment - Soil
Risk
Question Response Importance
Rating
High Medium Low Review N/A H, M, L
Cover crops between cash crops prevent organic carbon loss,
provide food to the soil fauna and capture nutrients left over from
rarely sometimes usually unsure cash crops.
Are green crops / break crops or short term
3.8 Details:
pastures regularly used in the rotation?
Summary:
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PMP Risk Assessment - Soil
Risk
Question Response Importance
Rating
High Medium Low Review N/A H, M, L
4. Erosion
Physical Characteristics or Risk
Cropping steep slopes increases the risk of erosion and thus loss of
sediment and nutrients. Off site impacts may occur on neighbouring
> 18% 5 - 18% <5% unsure farms and waterways.
What slopes are typically cropped on the
4.1 Details:
farm?
Sandy soils, especially when dry, are easily blown during strong
winds, when ground cover is less than 70%. The wind blown sand
often sometimes rarely unsure particles are abrasive to crops.
If there are sandy soils on the farm, are they
4.2 Details:
at risk of being eroded by strong winds?
Summary:
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PMP Risk Assessment - Soil
Risk
Question Response Importance
Rating
High Medium Low Review N/A H, M, L
Management Practices or Needs
If north facing slopes are not fenced and managed sensitively to
maintain ground cover, loss of organic matter and pasture cover will
make them unproductive for stock. They will not be a good habitat
If there are north facing slopes, are they
few some most unsure for beneficial flora and fauna, if damaged.
4.5 fenced and managed separately to other
Details:
areas?
stubble retention
direct drilling
contour drains
On the majority of
the farm, are mulched rip lines
practices used to Depending on the soil type, climate and cropping / pasture type a
reduce the risk of grassed drainage lines range of management tools are available to prevent erosion.
soil erosion by wind
4.6
or water ? cut off drains
cover crops
other
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PMP Risk Assessment - Soil
Risk
Question Response Importance
Rating
High Medium Low Review N/A H, M, L
Summary:
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PMP Risk Assessment - Soil
Risk
Question Response Importance
Rating
High Medium Low Review N/A H, M, L
5. Sodicity
Physical Characteristics or Risk
If soils in the catchment are known to be sodic, soils on the property
may be sodic. This should be ground truthed.
yes no unsure
Are soils in the catchment known to be
5.1 Details:
sodic?
Sodic soils are also known as dispersive soils. In water the soil
particles separate and remain in solution (for non-sodic soils the soil
often sometimes rarely unsure particles will drop out of solution as sediment when placed in
Does standing water in puddles in cropping
5.3 Details:
areas or dam water stay cloudy?
Many soil types in Tasmania do not have sodic topsoils, but do have
sodic subsoils. These are best managed by maintaining a protective
many some none unsure cover of topsoil, and not disturbing them.
Does the farm have paddocks with ESP
5.5 Details:
values > 6 % in the subsoil?
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PMP Risk Assessment - Soil
Risk
Question Response Importance
Rating
High Medium Low Review N/A H, M, L
topsoils The Emerson dispersion test is a simple, quick and accurate
indicator of soil sodicity. A dry soil aggregate is dropped in distilled
Have soil dispersion
subsoils water or rainwater; sodic soil will disperse easily turning the water
tests been
no yes unsure cloudy.
5.6 undertaken for
paddocks with Details:
suspected sodicity?
Summary:
Cultivating into the B horizon will result in mixing better topsoil with
sodic subsoil and thus losing productivity.
often sometimes rarely unsure
When cultivating soils, are they worked into
5.8 Details:
the B horizon?
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PMP Risk Assessment - Soil
Risk
Question Response Importance
Rating
High Medium Low Review N/A H, M, L
Sodic soils have severely restricted internal drainage and need
careful irrigation management with long periods of deep drying
often sometimes no unsure between irrigated crops. Sodic water may worsen the problem,
Are duplex soils that have sodic subsoils while slightly saline water may help in maintaining structure in sodic
5.9 irrigated? If yes, what is the water quality soils.
(ECe and ESP)? Details:
Summary:
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PMP Risk Assessment - Soil
Risk
Question Response Importance
Rating
High Medium Low Review N/A H, M, L
6. Salinity
Physical Characteristics or Risk
If soils or water in the catchment are saline it is worth assessing the
property for signs of salinity during the property visit.
yes no unsure
Is salinity known to occur in the catchment
6.1 Details:
(either soil or water salinity)?
Details:
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PMP Risk Assessment - Soil
Risk
Question Response Importance
Rating
High Medium Low Review N/A H, M, L
Are there saline the property Saline surface waters indicate that salinity is a natural part of the
surface waters on landscape, and salinity in soils and ground water should be
the property or nearby properties suspected. Change in land use to irrigation may exacerbate salinity
nearby properties? yes no unsure issues if not carefully managed.
6.6
Details:
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PMP Risk Assessment - Soil
Risk
Question Response Importance
Rating
High Medium Low Review N/A H, M, L
Do you have topsoil
ECe values above 2 dS/m indicate that a range of crops will suffer
paddocks with ECe
yield losses. ECe is more meaningful for soils than EC1:5 (refer to
values above 2 subsoil
Glossary for more information). Careful crop selection, soil, fertiliser
dS/m in the:
and irrigation management are required.
6.9 many some none unsure
Details:
variable or
Trends in salinity give a warning of deteriorating conditions or
improvements, so that management can be adjusted accordingly.
increasing stable decreasing unsure
What are the trends in topsoil salinity in
6.10 Details:
irrigated areas?
Summary:
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PMP Risk Assessment - Soil
Risk
Question Response Importance
Rating
High Medium Low Review N/A H, M, L
Management Practices or Needs
Saline soils are usually fragile in structure and crops that are
root crops
damaging to soil structure and need high inputs of irrigation water
must be very carefully managed. In addition, these crops may lead
How often in a 10 wet harvested crops
to ground water recharge, which can lead to increase in extent
year rotation are
and/or severity of salinity. Proceed with caution with these types of
6.13 the following dairy pastures
crops in known saline areas.
irrigated crops >4 1-4 0 unsure
grown: Details:
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PMP Risk Assessment - Soil
Risk
Question Response Importance
Rating
High Medium Low Review N/A H, M, L
Is groundwater depth
depth and salinity salinity
monitored? rarely sometimes often unsure
Monitoring and observing trends is an important part of risk
depth decreasing increasing management, giving an opportunity for preventive action.
6.17
What are the stable or
trends? salinity increasing variable decreasing unsure
Details:
Summary:
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PMP Risk Assessment - Soil
Risk
Question Response Importance
Rating
High Medium Low Review N/A H, M, L
7. Drainage
Physical Characteristics or Risk
Poor drainage will not allow crops to reach their full potential.
Waterlogging in areas that are not irrigated may indicate that
Are any areas on the farm prone to drainage works are required if irrigation is to be introduced.
many some few unsure
7.1 waterlogging for four weeks or more in a
Details:
year with average rainfall?
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PMP Risk Assessment - Soil
Risk
Question Response Importance
Rating
High Medium Low Review N/A H, M, L
If low lying areas that are prone to waterlogging are saline or sodic,
a greater area of the paddock may become affected if irrigation is
many some none unsure introduced.
Are low lying, poorly drained areas in
7.5 Details:
dryland paddocks sodic and / or saline?
Summary:
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PMP Risk Assessment - Soil
Risk
Question Response Importance
Rating
High Medium Low Review N/A H, M, L
Management Practices or Needs
Drainage works may be required for managing saline areas
effectively, if water can be discharged without damage to other
yes no unsure areas or water bodies. Draining sodic soils can exacerbate the
Have drainage works been done for
7.6 Details:
paddocks with saline or sodic conditions?
Summary:
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PMP Risk Assessment - Soil
Risk
Question Response Importance
Rating
High Medium Low Review N/A H, M, L
If the ASS layer is close to the surface, the soil must not be
cultivated or drained using deep drainage.
<0.5m 0.5-1m >1m unsure
What is the depth between the soil surface
8.4 Details:
and the start of the ASS layer?
Summary:
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PMP Risk Assessment - Soil
Risk
Question Response Importance
Rating
High Medium Low Review N/A H, M, L
Management Practices or Needs
Testing is an important risk management tool. For information
about field testing using the hydraulic conductivity test, see NSW
no yes unsure DPI website.
8.5 Have suspect soils been field tested for ASS? Details:
cultivated
Are areas with acid irrigated Irrigating, cultivating and deep draining ASS may be a risk as severe
sulfate soils: expression of the problem may occur.
deep drained
8.8
often sometimes rarely unsure
Details:
Summary:
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PMP Risk Assessment - Soil
Risk
Question Response Importance
Rating
High Medium Low Review N/A H, M, L
9. Nutrient Management
Physical Characteristics or Risk
Summary:
Planning and adjusting crop nutrient inputs based on soil and plant
monitoring as well as crop removal rates prevents over or
rarely sometimes often unsure underfertilsing.
Are crop nutrient budgets or plans used to
9.3 Details:
decide on fertiliser applications?
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Risk
Question Response Importance
Rating
High Medium Low Review N/A H, M, L
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PMP Risk Assessment - Soil
Risk
Question Response Importance
Rating
High Medium Low Review N/A H, M, L
Summary:
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PMP Risk Assessment - Soil
Risk
Question Response Importance
Rating
High Medium Low Review N/A H, M, L
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PMP Risk Assessment - Soil
Risk
Question Response Importance
Rating
High Medium Low Review N/A H, M, L
Each soil type differs in its water holding capacity and infiltration
rates. Where different soils are being irrigated using the one system
it is important to monitor the different areas separately to
Are several different soil types and / or determine the most appropriate irrigation scheduling. This situation
10.6 topographic areas being (or proposed to be) requires careful proactive management.
many some none unsure
irrigated under the same irrigation system?
Details:
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PMP Risk Assessment - Soil
Risk
Question Response Importance
Rating
High Medium Low Review N/A H, M, L
If runoff / drainage occurs, the irrigation scheduling, application
rates, etc may need to be reviewed. Measures to protect
yes some no unsure
watercourses from soil and nutrient inputs e.g. vegetation buffers
Is there is run-off or drainage into may need to be put into place.
10.9
watercourses following irrigation? Details:
Summary:
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Risk
Question Response Importance
Rating
High Medium Low Review N/A H, M, L
Double cropping may increase the risk of soil borne diseases and
cause general soil health decline.
often sometimes rarely unsure
11.2 Is double-cropping ever undertaken? Details:
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Risk
Question Response Importance
Rating
High Medium Low Review N/A H, M, L
Summary:
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