Solution for Mid-term 2013

[35] 1. A new material is being developed for reinforcing concrete beams. Assume that the
flexural strength of the beam is directly proportional to the tensile strength, T, of the new
material (i.e., M = kT where k is a constant). Research shows that the tensile strength of the new
material has the following properties:

Taverage = 300 kN and T = 15 kN

(a) [15] For a specific application, the average applied moment is 60 kNm with a standard
deviation of E = 10 kNm. Find the global safety factor and the safety index, , for this
application. Assume k = 0.3 m.

Solution:
M = kT and Taverage = 300 kN

[5] R = k Taverage = 0.3 (300) = 90 kNm and R = 0.3 (15) = 4.5 kNm

[5] Global safety factor = R / E = 90 / 60 = 1.5

[5] Safety index R E / R2 E2 = 90 60 / 4.5 2 10 2 = 2.7

Note: this value of is lower than acceptable for design safety

(b) [20] Find the value of T required to give a safety index of = 4.8 assuming that MR = T kT,
k = 0.3 m, R = 8 kNm, E = 15 kNm, and MD = ML = 50 kNm (where MR = resisting moment,
MD = dead load moment; and ML = live load moment). You should use the load factors in the
ACI-318 specification. Assume the average moment resistance of the beams is their unfactored
strength (R) and that the total service moment represents the average applied moment (E):
R E / R2 E2 . Hint: M R T R D M D L M L

Solution:
R E / R2 E2 4.8 R ( 50 50 ) / 8 2 15 2

[10] Thus, R = 181.6 kNm

For a safety design,

[10] M R T R D M D L M L T R 1.2( 50 ) 1.6( 50 ) 140.0 kNm

T = 140 / 181.6 = 0.77

[50] 2. The singly reinforced section shown in Fig. 1 has b = 14 in., d = 26 in., fc = 4000 ksi, and
fy = 60 ksi. The overall height is 30 in. Find the area of steel, As, and the moment of resistance,
Mr, when = 0.5b.

 14in.

26in.

4in.

Fig. 1. Reinforced concrete section

Find the minimum reinforcement ratio and 1

3 f c' 3 4000
[5] min = 0.0032 (Cl. 10.5.1)
fy 60000

f c' 4000
[5] 1 0.85 ( 0.05 ) = 0.85
4000

Find the balanced reinforcement ratio

f ' 87000 '

[10] b 0.851 c 0.851 f c 87000 =0.029
f 87000 f f 87000 f
y y y y

0.5 b 0.5( 0.029 ) = 1.45%

[5] As = bd = 0.0145(14)(26) = 5.3 in2

As f y 5.3( 60000 )
[5] a '
6.68 in.
0.85 f b
c 0.85( 4000 )( 14 )

[10] Mr = Mn = Asfy(d-a/2) = 0.9(5.3)(60000)(26-6.68/2) = 6485292 lb-in = 540.4 kip-ft

check c/d < cb/ d

[5] c = a/1 = 6.68 / 0.85 = 7.86 in.

87000 87000
[5] cb d ( 26 ) 15.38 in.
87000 f y 87000 60000

Thus, c/d < cb/ d= 7.86 / 26 < 15.38 / 26: Tension steel has yielded.

[15] 3. No answers are available

2